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Cui C, Shi Y, Hong H, Zhou Y, Qiao C, Zhao L, Jia X, Zhao W, Shen Y. 5-HT4 Receptor is Protective for MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Mice Via Altering Gastrointestinal Motility or Gut Microbiota. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:610-627. [PMID: 37782386 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Serotonergic dysfunction is related to both motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). As a 5-HT receptor, 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) is well-studied and already-used in clinical therapy of constipation, which is a typical non-motor symptom in PD. In this study, we investigated the role of 5-HT4R as a regulator of gut function in MPTP-induced acute PD mice model. Daily intraperitoneal injection of GR 125487 (5-HT4R antagonist) was administered 3 days before MPTP treatment until sacrifice. Seven days post-MPTP treatment, feces were collected and gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) was measured, 8 days post-MPTP treatment, behavioral tests were performed, and then animals were sacrificed for the further analysis. We found GR 125487 pretreatment not only increased GITT, but also aggravated MPTP-induced motor bradykinesia. In addition, GR 125487 pretreatment exacerbated the loss of dopaminergic neurons probably by suppressing JAK2/PKA/CREB signaling pathway and increased reactive glia and neuroinflammation in the striatum. 16 S rRNA sequencing of fecal microbiota showed that GR 125487 pretreatment altered the composition of gut microbiota, in which the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Clostridium clostridioforme was increased, whereas that of Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides fragilis was decreased, which are closely associated with inflammation condition. Taken together, we demonstrated that GR 125487 pretreatment exacerbates MPTP-induced striatal neurodegenerative processes possibly via the JAK2/PKA/CREB pathway and neuroinflammation by altering gut microbiota composition. In the microbiota-gut-brain axis of PD, 5-HT4R should be further explored and might serve as a target for PD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cui
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chenmeng Qiao
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuebing Jia
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanqin Shen
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Injury, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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2
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Schneider G, Ruggiero C, Renault L, Doghman-Bouguerra M, Durand N, Hingrai G, Dijoud F, Plotton I, Lalli E. ACTH and prolactin synergistically and selectively regulate CYP17 expression and adrenal androgen production in human foetal adrenal organ cultures. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:327-335. [PMID: 37638769 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The essential role of ACTH on the growth and function of the human foetal adrenal (HFA) has long been recognized. In addition, many studies have suggested a role of the pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) in the regulation of the HFA, but the effects of this hormone on steroidogenesis and gene expression are still unknown. Our objective was to investigate the effect of ACTH and PRL on the steroidogenic capacities of the HFA. DESIGN In vitro/ex vivo experimental study. METHODS We used a hanging drop in vitro organ culture system. First trimester HFA samples were cultured for 14 days in basal conditions or treated with ACTH, PRL, or a combination of the 2 (3 to 11 replicates depending on the experiment). Steroids were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry or immunoassay, gene expression by RT-qPCR, and protein expression by immunoblot. RESULTS ACTH significantly increased corticosterone, cortisol, and cortisone production, both by itself and when used together with PRL. PRL stimulation by itself had no effect. Combined stimulation with ACTH + PRL synergistically and selectively increased adrenal androgen (DHEAS and Δ4-androstenedione) production and CYP17A1 expression in the HFA, while treatment with each single hormone had no significant effect on those steroids. CONCLUSIONS These results have important implications for our understanding of the hormonal cues regulating adrenal steroidogenesis in the HFA during the first trimester in physiological and pathological conditions and warrant further studies to characterize the molecular mechanisms of converging ACTH and PRL signalling to regulate CYP17A1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Schneider
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carmen Ruggiero
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, 06560 Valbonne, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Lucie Renault
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Reproductive Medicine and Biology, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Mabrouka Doghman-Bouguerra
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, 06560 Valbonne, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Nelly Durand
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, 06560 Valbonne, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Guillaume Hingrai
- Orthogenics Department, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique Dijoud
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Inserm U1208, 69675 Bron, France
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Reproductive Medicine and Biology, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
- Inserm U1208, 69675 Bron, France
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, 06560 Valbonne, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, 06560 Valbonne, France
- Inserm, 06560 Valbonne, France
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3
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Cai Y, Wang Z, Liao B, Sun Z, Zhu P. Anti-inflammatory and Chondroprotective Effects of Platelet-derived Growth Factor-BB on Osteoarthritis Rat Models. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:51-59. [PMID: 35640164 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common and challenging joint disease that mainly affects the diarthrodial joints. Traditionally, except for surgery for severe cases, treatments for OA mainly focus on relieving pain and improving joint function. However, these treatments are not effective for cartilage repair and induce only symptomatic relief. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, a member of the PDGF cytokine family, has been proved to have effects on protecting the chondrocytes via multiple mechanisms. In this study, we further focused on the effects of PDGF-BB on OA and found that PDGF-BB could attenuate OA development by inhibiting inflammation and enhancing cell proliferation via JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/AKT, and p38 signaling pathways and PKA-mediated regulation of SOX-9/RunX-2. This article demonstrates the feasibility of PDGF-BB application as a treatment for OA. This is the first article that reports that PDGF-BB attenuates OA development via PKA-mediated regulation of SOX-9 and RunX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bokai Liao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
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4
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Lalli E, Figueiredo BC. Prolactin as an adrenocorticotropic hormone: Prolactin signalling is a conserved key regulator of sexually dimorphic adrenal gland function in health and disease. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200109. [PMID: 36000778 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A large number of previous reports described an effect of the pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) on steroid hormone production by the adrenal cortex. However, those studies remained anecdotal and were never converted into a conceptual and mechanistic framework, let alone being translated into clinical care. In the light of our recently published landmark study where we described PRL signalling as a pivotal regulator of the sexually dimorphic adrenal phenotype in mouse and of adrenal androgen production in humans, we present here the overarching hypothesis that PRL signalling increases the activity of Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1/NR5A1), a transcription factor that has an essential role in adrenal gland development and function, to regulate adrenal cortex growth and hormonal production in physiological and pathological conditions. PRL can then be considered as a bona fide adrenocorticotropic hormone synergizing with ACTH in the endocrine control of adrenal cortex function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Lalli
- EXPOGEN-CANCER CNRS International Research Project, 660 route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, 06560, France.,Inserm, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.,Pelé Pequeno Principe Research Institute, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Bonald C Figueiredo
- EXPOGEN-CANCER CNRS International Research Project, 660 route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, 06560, France.,Pelé Pequeno Principe Research Institute, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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5
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Matsumura S, Ishikawa F, Sasaki T, Terkelsen MK, Ravnskjaer K, Jinno T, Tanaka J, Goto T, Inoue K. Loss of CREB Coactivator CRTC1 in SF1 Cells Leads to Hyperphagia and Obesity by High-fat Diet But Not Normal Chow Diet. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6224280. [PMID: 33846709 PMCID: PMC8682520 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element-binding protein-1-regulated transcription coactivator-1 (CRTC1) is a cytoplasmic coactivator that translocates to the nucleus in response to cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Whole-body knockdown of Crtc1 causes obesity, resulting in increased food intake and reduced energy expenditure. CRTC1 is highly expressed in the brain; therefore, it might play an important role in energy metabolism via the neuronal pathway. However, the precise mechanism by which CRTC1 regulates energy metabolism remains unknown. Here, we showed that mice lacking CRTC1, specifically in steroidogenic factor-1 expressing cells (SF1 cells), were sensitive to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, exhibiting hyperphagia and increased body weight gain. The loss of CRTC1 in SF1 cells impaired glucose metabolism. Unlike whole-body CRTC1 knockout mice, SF1 cell-specific CRTC1 deletion did not affect body weight gain or food intake in normal chow feeding. Thus, CRTC1 in SF1 cells is required for normal appetite regulation in HFD-fed mice. CRTC1 is primarily expressed in the brain. Within the hypothalamus, which plays an important role for appetite regulation, SF1 cells are only found in ventromedial hypothalamus. RNA sequencing analysis of microdissected ventromedial hypothalamus samples revealed that the loss of CRTC1 significantly changed the expression levels of certain genes. Our results revealed the important protective role of CRTC1 in SF1 cells against dietary metabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenobu Matsumura
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: Shigenobu Matsumura, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, 583-8555, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Fuka Ishikawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mike Krogh Terkelsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kim Ravnskjaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Tomoki Jinno
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jin Tanaka
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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Hasenmajer V, Bonaventura I, Minnetti M, Sada V, Sbardella E, Isidori AM. Non-Canonical Effects of ACTH: Insights Into Adrenal Insufficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:701263. [PMID: 34489864 PMCID: PMC8416901 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.701263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced from proopiomelanocortin, which is predominantly synthetized in the corticotroph and melanotroph cells of the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland and the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Although ACTH clearly has an effect on adrenal homeostasis and maintenance of steroid hormone production, it also has extra-adrenal effects that require further elucidation. Methods We comprehensively reviewed English language articles, regardless of whether they reported the presence or absence of adrenal and extra-adrenal ACTH effects. Results In the present review, we provide an overview on the current knowledge on adrenal and extra-adrenal effects of ACTH. In the section on adrenal ACTH effects, we focused on corticosteroid rhythmicity and effects on steroidogenesis, mineralocorticoids and adrenal growth. In the section on extra-adrenal effects, we have analyzed the effects of ACTH on the osteoarticular and reproductive systems, adipocytes, immune system, brain and skin. Finally, we focused on adrenal insufficiency. Conclusions The role of ACTH in maintaining the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is well known. Conversely, if we broaden our vision and analyze its role as a potential treatment strategy in other conditions, it will be evident in the literature that researchers seem to have abandoned this aspect in studies conducted several years ago. We believe it is worth re-evaluating the role of ACTH considering its noncanonical effects on the adrenal gland itself and on extra-adrenal organs and tissues; however, this would not have been possible without the recent advances in the pertinent technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea M. Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome - Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
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7
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Smith LIF, Zhao Z, Walker J, Lightman S, Spiga F. Activation and expression of endogenous CREB-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTC) 1, 2 and 3 in the rat adrenal gland. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12920. [PMID: 33314405 PMCID: PMC7900988 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The activation and nuclear translocation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC)2 occurs in the rat adrenal gland, in response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and stressors, and has been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). We have recently demonstrated the activation of CRTC isoforms, CRTC1 and CRTC3, in adrenocortical cell lines. In the present study, we aimed to determine the activation and expression of the three CRTC isoforms in vivo in relation to Star transcription, under basal conditions and following a robust endotoxic stress challenge. Rat adrenal glands and blood plasma were collected following i.v. administration of either an ultradian-sized pulse of ACTH or administration of lipopolysaccharide, as well as under unstressed conditions across the 24-hour period. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone (CORT) were measured and the adrenal glands were processed for measurement of protein by western immunoblotting, RNA by a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and association of CRTC2 and CRTC3 with the Star promoter by chromatin immunoprecipitation. An increase in nuclear localisation of CRTC2 and CRTC3 followed increases in both ultradian and endotoxic stress-induced plasma ACTH, and this was associated with increased CREB phosphorylation and corresponding increases in Star transcription. Both CRTC2 and CRTC3 were shown to associate with the Star promoter, with the dynamics of CRTC3 binding corresponding to that of nuclear changes in protein levels. CRTC isoforms show little variation in ultradian expression or variation across 24 hours, although evidence of long-term down-regulation following endotoxic stress was found. We conclude that co-transcription factors CRTC2 and, more clearly, CRTC3 appear to act alongside phosphorylated CREB in the generation of ultradian pulses of Star transcription, essential for the maintenance of basal StAR expression. Similarly, our findings suggest CRTC2 and CRTC3 mediate Star transcriptional initiation following an endotoxic stressor; however, other transcription factors are likely to be responsible for the long-term up-regulation of adrenal Star transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna I. F. Smith
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Zidong Zhao
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jamie Walker
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
- EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in HealthcareUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Francesca Spiga
- Bristol Medical School: Translational Health SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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8
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Smith LIF, Huang V, Olah M, Trinh L, Liu Y, Hazell G, Conway-Campbell B, Zhao Z, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM, Lightman S, Spiga F, Aguilera G. Involvement of CREB-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTC) in transcriptional activation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star) by ACTH. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 499:110612. [PMID: 31604124 PMCID: PMC6899503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies in vivo have suggested the involvement of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator (CRTC)2 on ACTH-induced transcription of the key steroidogenic protein, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR). The present study uses two ACTH-responsive adrenocortical cell lines, to examine the role of CRTC on Star transcription. Here we show that ACTH-induced Star primary transcript, or heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA), parallels rapid increases in nuclear levels of the 3 isoforms of CRTC; CRTC1, CRTC2 and CRTC3. Furthermore, ACTH promotes recruitment of CRTC2 and CRTC3 by the Star promoter and siRNA knockdown of either CRTC3 or CRTC2 attenuates the increases in ACTH-induced Star hnRNA. Using pharmacological inhibitors of PKA, MAP kinase and calcineurin, we show that the effects of ACTH on Star transcription and CRTC nuclear translocation depend predominantly on the PKA pathway. The data provides evidence that CRTC2 and CRTC3, contribute to activation of Star transcription by ACTH, and that PKA/CRTC-dependent pathways are part of the multifactorial mechanisms regulating Star transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna I F Smith
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Victoria Huang
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Olah
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Loc Trinh
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Georgina Hazell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Becky Conway-Campbell
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zidong Zhao
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction & Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lefrançois-Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction & Développement, CNRS UMR 6293, Inserm U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Francesca Spiga
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Greti Aguilera
- Section on Endocrine Physiology, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Sims SG, Meares GP. Janus Kinase 1 Is Required for Transcriptional Reprograming of Murine Astrocytes in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:446. [PMID: 31680865 PMCID: PMC6797841 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER stress. To adapt, cells initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, severe or unresolved UPR activation leads to cell death and inflammation. The UPR is initiated, in part, by the trans-ER membrane kinase PKR-like ER kinase (PERK). Recent evidence indicates ER stress and inflammation are linked, and we have shown that this involves PERK-dependent signaling via Janus Kinase (JAK) 1. This signaling provokes the production of soluble inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2). We, therefore, hypothesized that JAK1 may control widespread transcriptional changes in response to ER stress. Here, using RNA sequencing of primary murine astrocytes, we demonstrate that JAK1 regulates approximately 10% of ER stress-induced gene expression and is required for a subset of PERK-dependent genes. Additionally, ER stress synergizes with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to drive inflammatory gene expression in a JAK1-dependent fashion. We identified that JAK1 contributes to activating transcription factor (ATF) 4-dependent gene expression, including expression of the genes growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD) 45α and tribbles (TRIB) 3 that have not previously been associated with JAK signaling. While these genes are JAK1 dependent in response to ER stress, expression of GADD45α and TRIB3 are not induced by the JAK1-activating cytokine, oncostatin M (OSM). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that JAK1 drives distinct transcriptional programs in response to OSM stimulation versus ER stress. Interestingly, JAK1-dependent genes induced by ER stress in an ATF4-dependent mechanism were unaffected by small molecule inhibition of JAK1, suggesting that, in response to UPR activation, JAK1 initiates gene expression using non-canonical mechanisms. Overall, we have identified that JAK1 is a major regulator of ER stress-induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah G. Sims
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Gordon P. Meares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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10
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Dumontet T, Sahut‐Barnola I, Dufour D, Lefrançois‐Martinez A, Berthon A, Montanier N, Ragazzon B, Djari C, Pointud J, Roucher‐Boulez F, Batisse‐Lignier M, Tauveron I, Bertherat J, Val P, Martinez A. Hormonal and spatial control of SUMOylation in the human and mouse adrenal cortex. FASEB J 2019; 33:10218-10230. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900557r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Typhanie Dumontet
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Isabelle Sahut‐Barnola
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Damien Dufour
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Anne‐Marie Lefrançois‐Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Annabel Berthon
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Nathanaëlle Montanier
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Service d'EndocrinologieCentre Hospitalier Régional (CHR)Hôpital de la Source Orléans France
| | - Bruno Ragazzon
- Institut CochinCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes Paris France
| | - Cyril Djari
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Jean‐Christophe Pointud
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Florence Roucher‐Boulez
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies RaresCHUUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Bron France
| | - Marie Batisse‐Lignier
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Service d'EndocrinologieFaculté de MédecineCentre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)Université Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Igor Tauveron
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
- Service d'EndocrinologieFaculté de MédecineCentre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)Université Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut CochinCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Paris Descartes Paris France
- Centre Maladies Rares de la SurrénaleService d'EndocrinologieHôpital CochinAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Paris France
| | - Pierre Val
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
| | - Antoine Martinez
- Génétique Reproduction and Dévelopement (GReD)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)INSERMUniversité Clermont‐Auvergne Clermont‐Ferrand France
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Bartolotti N, Lazarov O. CREB signals as PBMC-based biomarkers of cognitive dysfunction: A novel perspective of the brain-immune axis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:9-20. [PMID: 30641141 PMCID: PMC6488430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no reliable biomarker for the assessment or determination of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia. Such a biomarker would not only aid in diagnostics, but could also serve as a measure of therapeutic efficacy. It is widely acknowledged that the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, namely, amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as their precursors and metabolites, are poorly correlated with cognitive function and disease stage and thus have low diagnostic or prognostic value. A lack of biomarkers is one of the major roadblocks in diagnosing the disease and in assessing the efficacy of potential therapies. The phosphorylation of cAMP Response Element Binding protein (pCREB) plays a major role in memory acquisition and consolidation. In the brain, CREB activation by phosphorylation at Ser133 and the recruitment of transcription cofactors such as CREB binding protein (CBP) is a critical step for the formation of memory. This set of processes is a prerequisite for the transcription of genes thought to be important for synaptic plasticity, such as Egr-1. Interestingly, recent work suggests that the expression of pCREB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) positively correlates with pCREB expression in the postmortem brain of Alzheimer's patients, suggesting not only that pCREB expression in PBMC might serve as a biomarker of cognitive dysfunction, but also that the dysfunction of CREB signaling may not be limited to the brain in AD, and that a link may exist between the regulation of CREB in the blood and in the brain. In this review we consider the evidence suggesting a correlation between the level of CREB signals in the brain and blood, the current knowledge about CREB in PBMC and its association with CREB in the brain, and the implications and mechanisms for a neuro-immune cross talk that may underlie this communication. This Review will discuss the possibility that peripheral dysregulation of CREB is an early event in AD pathogenesis, perhaps as a facet of immune system dysfunction, and that this impairment in peripheral CREB signaling modifies CREB signaling in the brain, thus exacerbating cognitive decline in AD. A more thorough understanding of systemic dysregulation of CREB in AD will facilitate the search for a biomarker of cognitive function in AD, and also aid in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Bartolotti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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12
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Selvaraj V, Stocco DM, Clark BJ. Current knowledge on the acute regulation of steroidogenesis. Biol Reprod 2018; 99:13-26. [PMID: 29718098 PMCID: PMC6044331 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
How rapid induction of steroid hormone biosynthesis occurs in response to trophic hormone stimulation of steroidogenic cells has been a subject of intensive investigation for approximately six decades. A key observation made very early was that acute regulation of steroid biosynthesis required swift and timely synthesis of a new protein whose role appeared to be involved in the delivery of the substrate for all steroid hormones, cholesterol, from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane where the process of steroidogenesis begins. It was quickly learned that this transfer of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane was the regulated and rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis. Following this observation, the quest for this putative regulator protein(s) began in earnest in the late 1950s. This review provides a history of this quest, the candidate proteins that arose over the years and facts surrounding their rise or decline. Only two have persisted-translocator protein (TSPO) and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). We present a detailed summary of the work that has been published for each of these two proteins, the specific data that has appeared in support of their role in cholesterol transport and steroidogenesis, and the ensuing observations that have arisen in recent years that have refuted the role of TSPO in this process. We believe that the only viable candidate that has been shown to be indispensable is the StAR protein. Lastly, we provide our view on what may be the most important questions concerning the acute regulation of steroidogenesis that need to be asked in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Douglas M Stocco
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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13
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Ekinci F, Soyaltin U, Kutbay Y, Yaşar H, Demirci Yıldırım T, Akar H. JAK2 V617F MUTATION SCANNING IN PATIENTS WITH ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMA. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2017; 13:150-153. [PMID: 31149166 PMCID: PMC6516447 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2017.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adrenal incidentaloma are lesions which are stated incidentally by imaging methods when there is no suspicion of any disease in adrenal gland. Inappropriate Jak2 signaling causes some solid and hematological malignancies. But the Jak2 mutation has not been previously evaluated with regard to adrenal tumors. In this study, we aimed to positivity of the Jak2 mutation in patients with non functioning adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI). METHODS 45 (38 female-7 male) patients, who were followed due to NFAI at Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine between February 2014 and March 2015, and 45 (31 female-14 male) healthy controls were included in the study. RESULTS The average age was 54.02±11.7 years and 38 patients were female, 7 were men. All patients underwent the following analyses for excluding a functioning adrenal mass, overnight dexamethasone suppression test, 24 hour urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine, plasma aldosterone/ renin activity ratio. Jak2 mutation of the patients who were diagnosed as NFAI was all negative. CONCLUSION We could not identify the JAK2 gene mutation positivity in any sample. Since other possible mechanisms may throw fresh light on the etiology of adrenal incidentaloma, further clinical studies are needed on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ekinci
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital - Dept. of Internal Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - U.E. Soyaltin
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital - Dept. of Internal Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Y.B. Kutbay
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital - Dept. of Genetics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H.Y. Yaşar
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital - Dept. of Endocrine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - T. Demirci Yıldırım
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital - Dept. of Internal Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H. Akar
- Tepecik Training and Research Hospital - Dept. of Internal Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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14
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Strickland J, McIlmoil S, Williams BJ, Seager DC, Porter JP, Judd AM. Interleukin-6 increases the expression of key proteins associated with steroidogenesis in human NCI-H295R adrenocortical cells. Steroids 2017; 119:1-17. [PMID: 28063793 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced cortisol release (CR) were investigated by exposing H295R cells to IL-6 and determining mRNA/protein expression (PCR/western blots) for steroidogenic enzymes (SE), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) (enhances SE/StAR expression), activator protein 1 (AP-1) (regulates SE/StAR expression) and adrenal hypoplasia congenita-like protein (DAX-1) (inhibits SE/StAR expression). Promoter activity of StAR (SPA) was measured by a luciferase-coupled promoter. Cortisol release was increased by 10ng/mL IL-6 (24h P<0.01). Proteins/mRNAs (StAR, cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, SF-1, AP-1) and SPA were increased by IL-6 (60min 1-50ng/mL IL-6; 5ng/mL IL-6 30-120min P<0.05). Four other SE proteins/mRNAs were also increased by 10ng/mL IL-6 (60min P<0.01). Protein/mRNA for DAX-1 was decreased by IL-6 (60min 1-50ng/mL IL-6; 5ng/mL IL-6 30-120min P<0.01). Phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) was increased by IL-6 (JAK2 60min 1-50ng/mL IL-6; 10ng/mL IL-6 5-60min P<0.05; STAT1 and STAT3 60min 10ng/mL IL-6 P<0.01). Inhibition of JAK/STAT with AG490 (10μM) or piceatannol (50μM) blocked (P<0.01 10ng/mL IL-6vs. IL-6 plus AG490 or piceatannol) IL-6-induced increases in SPA and StAR mRNA. In summary, IL-6-induced CR may be facilitated by increased StAR and SE mediated by increased SF-1 and AP-1, decreased DAX-1, and increased phosphorylation of JAK/STAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janae Strickland
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Center, 2025 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Stephen McIlmoil
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Center, 2025 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Brice J Williams
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Center, 2025 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Dennis C Seager
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Center, 2025 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - James P Porter
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Center, 2025 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States
| | - Allan M Judd
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Center, 2025 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, United States.
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15
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Lee J, Yamazaki T, Dong H, Jefcoate C. A single cell level measurement of StAR expression and activity in adrenal cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 441:22-30. [PMID: 27521960 PMCID: PMC5896326 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) directs mitochondrial cholesterol uptake through a C-terminal cholesterol binding domain (CBD) and a 62 amino acid N-terminal regulatory domain (NTD) that contains an import sequence and conserved sites for inner membrane metalloproteases. Deletion of the NTD prevents mitochondrial import while maintaining steroidogenesis but with compromised cholesterol homeostasis. The rapid StAR-mediated cholesterol transfer in adrenal cells depends on concerted mRNA translation, p37 StAR phosphorylation and controlled NTD cleavage. The NTD controls this process with two cAMP-inducible modulators of, respectively, transcription and translation SIK1 and TIS11b/Znf36l1. High-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization (HR-FISH) of StAR RNA resolves slow RNA splicing at the gene loci in cAMP-induced Y-1 cells and transfer of individual 3.5 kB mRNA molecules to mitochondria. StAR transcription depends on the CREB coactivator CRTC2 and PKA inhibition of the highly inducible suppressor kinase SIK1 and a basal counterpart SIK2. PKA-inducible TIS11b/Znf36l1 binds specifically to highly conserved elements in exon 7 thereby suppressing formation of mRNA and subsequent translation. Co-expression of SIK1, Znf36l1 with 3.5 kB StAR mRNA may limit responses to pulsatile signaling by ACTH while regulating the transition to more prolonged stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Takeshi Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Colin Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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16
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Desroches-Castan A, Feige JJ, Cherradi N. ACTH Action on Messenger RNA Stability Mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:3. [PMID: 28163695 PMCID: PMC5247459 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of mRNA stability has emerged as a critical control step in dynamic gene expression. This process occurs in response to modifications of the cellular environment, including hormonal variations, and regulates the expression of subsets of proteins whose levels need to be rapidly adjusted. Modulation of messenger RNA stability is usually mediated by stabilizing or destabilizing RNA-binding proteins (RNA-BP) that bind to the 3'-untranslated region regulatory motifs, such as AU-rich elements (AREs). Destabilizing ARE-binding proteins enhance the decay of their target transcripts by recruiting the mRNA decay machineries. Failure of such mechanisms, in particular misexpression of RNA-BP, has been linked to several human diseases. In the adrenal cortex, the expression and activity of mRNA stability regulatory proteins are still understudied. However, ACTH- or cAMP-elicited changes in the expression/phosphorylation status of the major mRNA-destabilizing protein TIS11b/BRF1 or in the subcellular localization of the stabilizing protein Human antigen R have been reported. They suggest that this level of regulation of gene expression is also important in endocrinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Desroches-Castan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1036, Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Feige
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1036, Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Cherradi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1036, Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036, Grenoble, France
- *Correspondence: Nadia Cherradi,
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17
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Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Overexpression Correlates with Protein Kinase A Activation in Adrenocortical Adenoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162606. [PMID: 27606678 PMCID: PMC5015917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of pathological features of cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) with somatic driver mutations and their molecular classification remain unclear. In this study, we explored the association between steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression and the driver mutations activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling to identify the pathological markers of ACAs. Immunohistochemical staining for StAR and mutations in the protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA), protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha (PRKAR1A) and guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating (GNAS) genes were examined in 97 ACAs. The association of StAR expression with the clinical and mutational features of the ACAs was analyzed. ACAs with mutations in PRKACA, GNAS, and PRKAR1A showed strong immunopositive staining for StAR. The concordance between high StAR expression and mutations activating cAMP/PKA signaling in the ACAs was 99.0%. ACAs with high expression of StAR had significantly smaller tumor volume (P < 0.001) and higher urinary cortisol per tumor volume (P = 0.032) than those with low expression of StAR. Our findings suggest that immunohistochemical staining for StAR is a reliable pathological approach for the diagnosis and classification of ACAs with cAMP/PKA signaling-activating mutations.
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18
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Walia MK, Ho PM, Taylor S, Ng AJ, Gupte A, Chalk AM, Zannettino AC, Martin TJ, Walkley CR. Activation of PTHrP-cAMP-CREB1 signaling following p53 loss is essential for osteosarcoma initiation and maintenance. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27070462 PMCID: PMC4854515 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the P53 pathway are a hallmark of human cancer. The identification of pathways upon which p53-deficient cells depend could reveal therapeutic targets that may spare normal cells with intact p53. In contrast to P53 point mutations in other cancer, complete loss of P53 is a frequent event in osteosarcoma (OS), the most common cancer of bone. The consequences of p53 loss for osteoblastic cells and OS development are poorly understood. Here we use murine OS models to demonstrate that elevated Pthlh (Pthrp), cAMP levels and signalling via CREB1 are characteristic of both p53-deficient osteoblasts and OS. Normal osteoblasts survive depletion of both PTHrP and CREB1. In contrast, p53-deficient osteoblasts and OS depend upon continuous activation of this pathway and undergo proliferation arrest and apoptosis in the absence of PTHrP or CREB1. Our results identify the PTHrP-cAMP-CREB1 axis as an attractive pathway for therapeutic inhibition in OS. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13446.001 Bone cancer (osteosarcoma) is caused by mutations in certain genes, which results in cells growing and dividing uncontrollably. In particular, a gene that produces a protein called P53 in humans is lost in all bone cancers. However, we don’t understand what happens to the bone cells when they lose P53. Although a number of studies have identified several molecular pathways that are changed in bone cancers – such as the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway – how these interact to cause a cancer is not well understood. Walia et al. compared bone-forming cells from normal mice with cells from mutant mice from which the gene that produces the mouse p53 protein could be removed. This revealed that the loss of p53 causes these cells to grow faster. The activity of the cAMP pathway also increases in p53-deficient cells. Further investigation revealed that the cells grow faster only if they are able to activate the cAMP pathway, and that this pathway needs to stay active for bone cancer cells to grow and survive. This suggests that inhibiting this pathway could present a new way to treat bone cancer. Walia et al. confirmed several of their findings in human cells. Future studies will now investigate how the loss of the P53 protein in humans activates the cAMP pathway, which will be important for understanding how this cancer forms. It will also be worthwhile to begin testing ways to block this pathway to determine whether it is a useful target for therapies. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13446.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannu K Walia
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Patricia Mw Ho
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Scott Taylor
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Alvin Jm Ng
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Ankita Gupte
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Alistair M Chalk
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Andrew Cw Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Carl R Walkley
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia
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19
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Nakajima Y, Okamura T, Horiguchi K, Gohko T, Miyamoto T, Satoh T, Ozawa A, Ishii S, Yamada E, Hashimoto K, Okada S, Takata D, Horiguchi J, Yamada M. GNAS mutations in adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas. Endocr J 2016; 63:199-204. [PMID: 26743443 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GNAS, which encodes Gsα, have been documented in detail, particularly in human pituitary GH-secreting adenomas. Mutations have also recently been reported in adrenal cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs), in addition to those in the PRKACA gene. However, mutations have not yet been examined in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). Therefore, we herein investigated mutations in the GNAS gene in APAs. Two of the 15 (13%) CPAs with overt Cushing's syndrome and one of the 9 (11%) CPAs with subclinical Cushing's syndrome examined had the somatic mutations, p.R201S and p.R201C in the GNAS gene. We identified mutations in the GNAS gene (p.R201C) in 2 out of the 33 (6%) APAs tested, both of which showed autonomous cortisol secretion, while 24 APAs had mutations in the KCNJ5 gene (18 with p.G151R and 6 with p.L168R). These GNAS and KCNJ5 mutations were mutually exclusive in these adenomas. We herein demonstrated for the first time the presence of GNAS mutations in APAs, as well as in some cortisol-secreting adenomas. Our results suggest that these mutations, in addition to mutations in the KCNJ5 gene and other genes such as ATP1A1, ATP2B3 and CACNA1D, may be responsible for the tumorigenesis of APAs and CPAs with subclinical Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Nakajima
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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20
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Qin F, Zhang J, Zan L, Guo W, Wang J, Chen L, Cao Y, Shen O, Tong J. Inhibitory effect of melatonin on testosterone synthesis is mediated via GATA-4/SF-1 transcription factors. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 31:638-46. [PMID: 26386639 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the GATA-4/SF-1 signalling pathway is involved in the inhibitory effects of melatonin on testosterone production in both the TM3 Leydig cell line and in C57BL/6J mice. In-vitro experiments demonstrated that melatonin treatment significantly reduced testosterone levels in cell culture medium (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); and decreased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophospha accumulation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and mRNA/protein expression of GATA-4, SF-1 (NR5A1), StAR, P450SCC (CYP11A1) and 3β-HSD (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These effects were blocked by N-acetyl-2-benzyltryptamin, a melatonin receptor antagonist. Similar effects of melatonin on testosterone production (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and down-regulation of transcription factors GATA-4 and SF-1 (P < 0.01) were also observed in mice treated with intratesticular injections of melatonin. Overall, the data suggest that the inhibitory effects of melatonin on testosterone production are mediated via down-regulation of GATA-4 and SF-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenju Qin
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xian, 712100, China
| | - Weiqiang Guo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lili Chen
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ouxi Shen
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Tong
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Guran T, Guran O, Paketci C, Kipoglu O, Firat I, Turan S, Atay Z, Haliloglu B, Bereket A. Effects of leukemia inhibitory receptor gene mutations on human hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function. Pituitary 2015; 18:456-60. [PMID: 25145448 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-014-0594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome (STWS) (MIM #601559) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) gene. STWS has a diverse range of clinical features involving hematopoietic, skeletal, neuronal and immune systems. STWS manifests a high mortality due to increased risk of sudden death. Heterodimerization of the LIFR mediates leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signalling through the intracellular Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT3 signalling cascade. The LIF/LIFR system is highly expressed in and regulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. OBJECTIVES HPA function was investigated in three STWS patients to characterise consequences of impaired LIF/LIFR signalling on adrenal function. DESIGN Six genetically proven STWS patients from four unrelated Turkish families were included in the study. Sudden death occurred in three before 2 years of age. Basal adrenal function tests were performed by measurement of early morning serum cortisol and plasma ACTH concentrations on at least two different occasions. Low dose synacthen stimulation test and glucagon stimulation tests were performed to explore adrenal function in three patients who survived. RESULTS All patients carried the same LIFR (p.Arg692X) mutation. Our oldest patient had attenuated morning serum cortisol and plasma ACTH levels at repeated measurements. Two of three patients had attenuated cortisol response (<18 μg/dl) to glucagon, one of whom also had borderline cortisol response to low dose (1 μg) ACTH stimulation consistent with central adrenal insufficiency. CONCLUSIONS STWS patients may develop central adrenal insufficiency due to impaired LIF/LIFR signalling. LIF/LIFR system plays a role in human HPA axis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Guran
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mh.Mimar Sinan Cd.No 41., Ustkaynarca/Pendik, 34899, Istanbul, Turkey,
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Parathyroid hormone inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger 3 transcription: Intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factor expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:582-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bjelic MM, Stojkov NJ, Radovic SM, Baburski AZ, Janjic MM, Kostic TS, Andric SA. Prolonged in vivo administration of testosterone-enanthate, the widely used and abused anabolic androgenic steroid, disturbs prolactin and cAMP signaling in Leydig cells of adult rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 149:58-69. [PMID: 25603467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to systematically analyze and define the effects of 1-day, 2-weeks, 10-weeks intramuscular administration of testosterone-enanthate, widely used and abused anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS), on main regulators of steroidogenesis and steroidogenic genes expression in testosterone-producing Leydig cells of adult rats. The results showed that prolonged (10-weeks) intramuscular administration of testosterone-enanthate, in clinically relevant dose, significantly increased prolactin, but decreased Prlr2 and Gnrhr in pituitary of adult rat. The levels of testosterone, Insl3, cAMP and mitochondrial membrane potential of Leydig cells were significantly reduced. This was followed by decreased expression of some steroidogenic enzymes and regulatory proteins such as Lhcgr, Prlr1/2, Tspo, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Dax1. Oppositely, Hsd3b1/2, Hsd3b5, Hsd17b4, Ar, Arr19 increased. In the same cells, transcriptional milieu of cAMP signaling elements was disturbed with remarkable up-regulation of PRKA (the main regulator of steroidogenesis). Increased prolactin together with stimulated transcription of Jak2/Jak3 could account for increased Hsd3b1/2 and Hsd3b5 in Leydig cells following 10-weeks in vivo treatment with testosterone-enanthate. In vitro studies revealed that testosterone is capable to increase level of Prlr1, Prlr2, Hsd3b1/2, Hsd3b5 in Leydig cells. Accordingly, testosterone-induced changes in prolactin receptor signaling together with up-regulation of PRKA, Hsd3b1/2, Hsd3b5, Ar in Leydig cells, could be the possible mechanism that contribute to the establishment of a new adaptive response to maintain homeostasis and prevent loss of steroidogenic function. Presented data provide new molecular insights into the relationship between disturbed testosterone homeostasis and mammalian reproduction and are important in terms of wide use and abuse of AASs and human reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja M Bjelic
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Natasa J Stojkov
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sava M Radovic
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Z Baburski
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija M Janjic
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tatjana S Kostic
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Silvana A Andric
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Rodrigues AR, Almeida H, Gouveia AM. Intracellular signaling mechanisms of the melanocortin receptors: current state of the art. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1331-45. [PMID: 25504085 PMCID: PMC11113477 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin system is composed by the agonists adrenocorticotropic hormone and α, β and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and two naturally occurring antagonists, agouti and agouti-related protein. These ligands act by interaction with a family of five melanocortin receptors (MCRs), assisted by MCRs accessory proteins (MRAPs). MCRs stimulation activates different signaling pathways that mediate a diverse array of physiological processes, including pigmentation, energy metabolism, inflammation and exocrine secretion. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of MCRs signaling, highlighting the differences among the five receptors. MCRs signal through G-dependent and independent mechanisms and their functional coupling to agonists at the cell surface is regulated by interacting proteins, namely MRAPs and β-arrestins. The knowledge of the distinct modulation pattern of MCRs signaling and function may be helpful for the future design of novel drugs able to combine specificity, safety and effectiveness in the course of their therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana R Rodrigues
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal,
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Charles MS, Drunalini Perera PN, Doycheva DM, Tang J. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor activates JAK2/PI3K/PDE3B pathway to inhibit corticosterone synthesis in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury rat model. Exp Neurol 2015; 272:152-9. [PMID: 25816736 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study demonstrated that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced neuroprotection is accompanied by an inhibition of corticosterone production in a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) rat model. The present study investigates how G-CSF inhibits corticosterone production, using adrenal cortical cells and HI rat pups. METHODS Cholera toxin was used to induce corticosterone synthesis in a rodent Y1 adrenal cortical cell line by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Both corticosterone and cAMP were quantitatively measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The downstream signaling components of the G-CSF receptor, including Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (Akt) and Phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B), were detected by western blot. Sprague-Dawley rat pups at the age of 10days (P10) were subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia for 2.5hours. Brain infarction volumes were determined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride monohydrate (TTC) staining. RESULTS G-CSF at 30ng/ml inhibited corticosterone synthesis but lost its inhibitory effect at higher doses. The inhibitory effect of G-CSF was conferred by interfering with cAMP signaling via the activation of the JAK2/PI3K/PDE3B signaling pathway. The degradation of cAMP by G-CSF signaling reduced corticosterone production. This mechanism was further verified in the neonatal HI brain injury rat model, in which inhibition of PDE3B reversed the protective effects of G-CSF. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the neuroprotective G-CSF reduces corticosterone synthesis at the adrenal level by degrading intracellular cAMP via activation of the JAK2/PI3K/PDE3B pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa S Charles
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354 USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354 USA
| | - Pradilka N Drunalini Perera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354 USA
| | - Desislava Met Doycheva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354 USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354 USA.
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Aghazadeh Y, Zirkin BR, Papadopoulos V. Pharmacological regulation of the cholesterol transport machinery in steroidogenic cells of the testis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 98:189-227. [PMID: 25817870 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduced serum testosterone (T), or hypogonadism, is estimated to affect about 5 million American men, including both aging and young men. Low serum T has been linked to mood changes, worsening cognition, fatigue, depression, decreased lean body mass and bone mineral density, increased visceral fat, metabolic syndrome, decreased libido, and sexual dysfunction. Administering exogenous T, known as T-replacement therapy (TRT), reverses many of the symptoms of low T levels. However, this treatment can result in luteinizing hormone suppression which, in turn, can lead to reduced sperm numbers and infertility, making TRT inappropriate for men who wish to father children. Additionally, TRT may result in supraphysiologic T levels, skin irritation, and T transfer to others upon contact; and there may be increased risk of prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease, particularly in aging men. Therefore, the development of alternate therapies for treating hypogonadism would be highly desirable. To do so requires greater understanding of the series of steps leading to T formation and how they are regulated, and the identification of key steps that are amenable to pharmacological modulation so as to induce T production. We review herein our current understanding of mechanisms underlying the pharmacological induction of T formation in hypogonadal testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aghazadeh
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barry R Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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27
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review fundamentals in adrenal gland histophysiology. Key findings regarding the important signaling pathways involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis and adrenal growth are summarized. We illustrate how adrenal gland morphology and function are deeply interconnected in which novel signaling pathways (Wnt, Sonic hedgehog, Notch, β-catenin) or ionic channels are required for their integrity. Emphasis is given to exploring the mechanisms and challenges underlying the regulation of proliferation, growth, and functionality. Also addressed is the fact that while it is now well-accepted that steroidogenesis results from an enzymatic shuttle between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, key questions still remain on the various aspects related to cellular uptake and delivery of free cholesterol. The significant progress achieved over the past decade regarding the precise molecular mechanisms by which the two main regulators of adrenal cortex, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and angiotensin II act on their receptors is reviewed, including structure-activity relationships and their potential applications. Particular attention has been given to crucial second messengers and how various kinases, phosphatases, and cytoskeleton-associated proteins interact to ensure homeostasis and/or meet physiological demands. References to animal studies are also made in an attempt to unravel associated clinical conditions. Many of the aspects addressed in this article still represent a challenge for future studies, their outcome aimed at providing evidence that the adrenal gland, through its steroid hormones, occupies a central position in many situations where homeostasis is disrupted, thus highlighting the relevance of exploring and understanding how this key organ is regulated. © 2014 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 4:889-964, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gallo-Payet
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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28
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do Amaral VC, da Silva PL, Carvalho KC, Simoncini T, Maciel GAR, Soares JM, Baracat EC. Effects of metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia on the prolactin and prolactin receptor expression of murine adrenal. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:925-8. [PMID: 26287398 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1062863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia on the prolactin (PRL) and prolactin receptor's (PRLR) expression in the adrenal. For this purpose, a total of 12 animals with intact ovaries were allocated to two groups: G1 (saline solution) and G2 (metoclopramide). A total of 30 oophorectomized animals was randomized to five subgroups: G3 (saline solution), G4 (metoclopramide), G5 (metoclopramide + 17β-estradiol), G6 (metoclopramide + progesterone), and G7 (metoclopramide + 17β-estradiol + progesterone). Immunohistochemical analyses were evaluated semi-quantitatively. For PRLR, the area fraction of labeled cells (ALC) varied from 1 (0-10%) to 3 (> 50%). Based on the mean of the immunostaining intensity, G2 and G4 showed strong expression; G6 and G7 presented a mild reaction; and G1, G3, and G5 exhibited a weak reaction. Concerning PRL, the ALC varied from 1 (0-10%) to 3 (> 50%), and groups G6 and G7 showed a strong reaction; G2, G4, and G5 showed a mild reaction; and G1 and G3 exhibited a weak reaction. These findings suggest that metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia increases PRL expression in the adrenal glands of mice. Furthermore, progesterone alone or in association with estrogen also increases PRL expression, but to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Cestari do Amaral
- a Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM-58) , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP) , São Paulo , Brazil
- b Instituto de Ciencias da Saude da Universidade Paulista (ICS-UNIP) , São Paulo , Brazil , and
- c Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development , Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Priscilla Ludovico da Silva
- a Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM-58) , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Kátia Candido Carvalho
- a Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM-58) , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- c Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development , Molecular and Cellular Gynecological Endocrinology Laboratory (MCGEL), University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel
- a Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM-58) , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares
- a Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM-58) , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- a Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM-58) , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (FMUSP) , São Paulo , Brazil
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Ghosh A, Pechota A, Coleman D, Upchurch GR, Eliason JL. Cigarette smoke-induced MMP2 and MMP9 secretion from aortic vascular smooth cells is mediated via the Jak/Stat pathway. Hum Pathol 2014; 46:284-94. [PMID: 25537973 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that cigarette smoke may increase MMP2 and MMP9 secretion through Jak/Stat pathway in the aorta, thereby facilitating abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation/progression in smokers. We observed through zymograms that treatment of male rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMC) with an aqueous extract of cigarette smoke (CSE) for 24 hours resulted in a significant increase in pro-MMP9 (P = .005) and a modest increase in pro-MMP2 (P = .055) production. Western blot with protein extracts from CSE-treated RASMC showed up-regulation of pStat3, pJak2, and T-Jak2 and unchanged levels of T-Stat3. Transfection of RASMC with small interfering RNAs for Jak2, Stat3, or both Jak2 and Stat3 significantly reduced pro-MMP9 (P < .005) and pro-MMP2 (P < .05) in medium of CSE-treated RASMC compared with control small interfering RNA-transfected cells. Immunoprecipitation with total Jak2 antibody showed increased pStat3 and T-Stat3 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of CSE-treated RASMC. Immunofluorescence revealed increased presence of pJak2, T-Jak2, pStat3, and T-Stat3 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the CSE-treated cells. Treatment of control human tissues with CSE resulted in pro-MMP9 secretion and up-regulation of the Jak/Stat proteins. In addition, AAA tissues showed more pJak2 and pStat3 than control human tissues. Therefore, inhibiting the Jak/Stat pathway could be a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Ghosh
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5867
| | - Angela Pechota
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5867
| | - Dawn Coleman
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5867
| | - Gilbert R Upchurch
- University of Virginia, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Charlottesville, VA 800679
| | - Jonathan L Eliason
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5867.
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Sato Y, Maekawa S, Ishii R, Sanada M, Morikawa T, Shiraishi Y, Yoshida K, Nagata Y, Sato-Otsubo A, Yoshizato T, Suzuki H, Shiozawa Y, Kataoka K, Kon A, Aoki K, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Kume H, Miyano S, Fukayama M, Nureki O, Homma Y, Ogawa S. Recurrent somatic mutations underlie corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome. Science 2014; 344:917-20. [PMID: 24855271 DOI: 10.1126/science.1252328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol production from the adrenocortical gland. In corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome, the excess cortisol production is primarily attributed to an adrenocortical adenoma, in which the underlying molecular pathogenesis has been poorly understood. We report a hotspot mutation (L206R) in PRKACA, which encodes the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA), in more than 50% of cases with adrenocortical adenomas associated with corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome. The L206R PRKACA mutant abolished its binding to the regulatory subunit of PKA (PRKAR1A) that inhibits catalytic activity of PRKACA, leading to constitutive, cAMP-independent PKA activation. These results highlight the major role of cAMP-independent activation of cAMP/PKA signaling by somatic mutations in corticotropin-independent Cushing's syndrome, providing insights into the diagnosis and therapeutics of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigekatsu Maekawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Ishii
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nagata
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aiko Sato-Otsubo
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuichi Yoshizato
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayana Kon
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aoki
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Imai F, Kishi H, Nakao K, Nishimura T, Minegishi T. IL-6 up-regulates the expression of rat LH receptors during granulosa cell differentiation. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1436-44. [PMID: 24467743 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-6 is produced in granulosa cells under normal physiological conditions, including during ovulation. However, the roles of IL-6 in ovarian function, including regulation of LH receptor (LHR) expression in granulosa cells, have not been explored in detail. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism underlying the effect of IL-6 on LHR expression in the granulosa cells of female Wistar rats. Our results indicated that IL-6 clearly enhanced the FSH-induced LHR mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner and did not stimulate cAMP accumulation by itself. The membrane protein level of LHR, assessed by a binding assay, was increased by FSH and was further enhanced by association with IL-6. Results of the luciferase assay, using promoter constructs of LHR 281 bp upstream of the translational start site, revealed that IL-6 increased the promoter activity induced by FSH, but this effect was not observed with treatment by IL-6 alone. This ability of IL-6 to enhance FSH-induced LHR mRNA expression was blocked by the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) pathway inhibitor, but not by the ERK1/2 inhibitor. Thus, we speculated that this IL-6 activity might be mediated by the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. In addition, IL-6 augmented FSH-induced IL-6 receptor α mRNA expression and FSH elevated IL-6 production in granulosa cells, which indicates that IL-6 may positively regulate paracrine and autocrine actions in granulosa cells. These results suggest that IL-6 up-regulates FSH-induced LHR production by increasing mRNA transcription, and JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling is required for up-regulation by IL-6 in granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiharu Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Zhang S, Morrison JL, Gill A, Rattanatray L, MacLaughlin SM, Kleemann D, Walker SK, McMillen IC. Maternal dietary restriction during the periconceptional period in normal-weight or obese ewes results in adrenocortical hypertrophy, an up-regulation of the JAK/STAT and down-regulation of the IGF1R signaling pathways in the adrenal of the postnatal lamb. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4650-62. [PMID: 24108072 PMCID: PMC3836080 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Maternal dietary restriction during the periconceptional period results in an increase in adrenal growth and in the cortisol stress response in the offspring. The intraadrenal mechanisms that result in the programming of these changes are not clear. Activation of the IGF and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)/suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) pathways regulate adrenal growth. We have used an embryo transfer model in sheep to investigate the impact of exposure to either dietary restriction in normal or obese mothers or to maternal obesity during the periconceptional period on adrenal growth and function in the offspring. We assessed the adrenal abundance of key signaling molecules in the IGF-I and Janus kinase/STAT/SOCS pathways including IGF-I receptor, IGF-II receptor, Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, SOCS1, and SOCS3 in female and male postnatal lambs. Maternal dietary restriction in the periconceptional period resulted in the hypertrophy of the adrenocortical cells in the zona fasciculata-reticularis and an up-regulation in STAT1, phospho-STAT1, and phospho-STAT3 (Ser727) abundance and a down-regulation in IGF-I receptor, Akt, and phospho-Akt abundance in the adrenal cortex of the postnatal lamb. These studies highlight that weight loss around the time of conception, independent of the starting maternal body weight, results in the activation of the adrenal Janus kinase/STAT pathway and adrenocortical hypertrophy. Thus, signals of adversity around the time of conception have a long-term impact on the mechanisms that regulate adrenocortical growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- The Chancellery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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Gupta N, Mayer D. Interaction of JAK with steroid receptor function. JAKSTAT 2013; 2:e24911. [PMID: 24416641 PMCID: PMC3881601 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.24911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of steroid receptors is not only regulated by steroid hormones, but also by multiple cellular signaling cascades activated by membrane-bound receptors which are stimulated by growth factors or cytokines. Cross-talk between JAK and steroid receptors plays a central role in the regulation of a multitude of physiological processes and aberrant signaling is involved in the development of numerous diseases including cancer. In this review we provide a brief summary of the knowledge of interactions between JAK and the function of steroid receptors in normal cells and tissues and in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Gupta
- Hematology and Oncology; University Hospital Magdeburg; Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Doris Mayer
- Hormones and Signal Transduction Group; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg, Germany
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Dawson M, Foster S, Bannister A, Robson S, Hannah R, Wang X, Xhemalce B, Wood A, Green A, Göttgens B, Kouzarides T. Three distinct patterns of histone H3Y41 phosphorylation mark active genes. Cell Rep 2012; 2:470-7. [PMID: 22999934 PMCID: PMC3607218 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The JAK2 tyrosine kinase is a critical mediator of cytokine-induced signaling. It plays a role in the nucleus, where it regulates transcription by phosphorylating histone H3 at tyrosine 41 (H3Y41ph). We used chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to massively parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) to define the genome-wide pattern of H3Y41ph in human erythroid leukemia cells. Our results indicate that H3Y41ph is located at three distinct sites: (1) at a subset of active promoters, where it overlaps with H3K4me3, (2) at distal cis-regulatory elements, where it coincides with the binding of STAT5, and (3) throughout the transcribed regions of active, tissue-specific hematopoietic genes. Together, these data extend our understanding of this conserved and essential signaling pathway and provide insight into the mechanisms by which extracellular stimuli may lead to the coordinated regulation of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Dawson
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK,Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and The Wellcome Trust and MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK,Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Samuel D. Foster
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and The Wellcome Trust and MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Andrew J. Bannister
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Samuel C. Robson
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Rebecca Hannah
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and The Wellcome Trust and MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and The Wellcome Trust and MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Blerta Xhemalce
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Andrew D. Wood
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and The Wellcome Trust and MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Anthony R. Green
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and The Wellcome Trust and MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK,Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and The Wellcome Trust and MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK,Corresponding author
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK,Corresponding author
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2012; 19:233-47. [PMID: 22531108 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283542fb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Pringle DR, Yin Z, Lee AA, Manchanda PK, Yu L, Parlow AF, Jarjoura D, La Perle KMD, Kirschner LS. Thyroid-specific ablation of the Carney complex gene, PRKAR1A, results in hyperthyroidism and follicular thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:435-46. [PMID: 22514108 PMCID: PMC3667702 DOI: 10.1530/erc-11-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in the population, and the incidence of this cancer is increasing at a rapid rate. Although genetic analysis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has identified mutations in a large percentage of patients, the genetic basis of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) is less certain. Thyroid cancer, including both PTC and FTC, has been observed in patients with the inherited tumor predisposition Carney complex, caused by mutations in PRKAR1A. In order to investigate the role of loss of PRKAR1A in thyroid cancer, we generated a tissue-specific knockout of Prkar1a in the thyroid. We report that the resulting mice are hyperthyroid and developed follicular thyroid neoplasms by 1 year of age, including FTC in over 40% of animals. These thyroid tumors showed a signature of pathway activation different from that observed in other models of thyroid cancer. In vitro cultures of the tumor cells indicated that Prkar1a-null thyrocytes exhibited growth factor independence and suggested possible new therapeutic targets. Overall, this work represents the first report of a genetic mutation known to cause human FTC that exhibits a similar phenotype when modeled in the mouse. In addition to our knowledge of the mechanisms of human follicular thyroid tumorigenesis, this model is highly reproducible and may provide a viable mechanism for the further clinical development of therapies aimed at FTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne R. Pringle
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Zhirong Yin
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Audrey A. Lee
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Parmeet K. Manchanda
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Alfred F. Parlow
- National Hormone and Peptide Program, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509
| | - David Jarjoura
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Krista M. D. La Perle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
| | - Lawrence S. Kirschner
- Department of Molecular, Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210
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Stojkov NJ, Janjic MM, Bjelic MM, Mihajlovic AI, Kostic TS, Andric SA. Repeated immobilization stress disturbed steroidogenic machinery and stimulated the expression of cAMP signaling elements and adrenergic receptors in Leydig cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1239-51. [PMID: 22374756 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00554.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of acute (2 h daily) and repeated (2 h daily for 2 or 10 consecutive days) immobilization stress (IMO) on: 1) the steroidogenic machinery homeostasis; 2) cAMP signaling; and the expression of receptors for main markers of 3) adrenergic and 4) glucocorticoid signaling in Leydig cells of adult rats. The results showed that acute IMO inhibited steroidogenic machinery in Leydig cells by downregulation of Scarb1 (scavenger receptor class B), Cyp11a1 (cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme), Cyp17a1 (17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase), and Hsd17b3 (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) expression. In addition to acute IMO effects, repeated IMO increased transcription of Star (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) and Arr19 (androgen receptor corepressor 19 kDa) in Leydig cells. In the same cells, the transcription of adenylyl cyclases (Adcy7, Adcy9, Adcy10) and cAMP-specific phosphodiesterases (Pde4a, Pde4b, Pde4d, Pde7a, Pde8a) was stimulated, whereas the expression of the genes encoding protein kinase A subunits were unaffected. Ten times repeated IMO increased the levels of all adrenergic receptors and β-adrenergic receptor kinase (Adrbk1) in Leydig cells. The transcription analysis was supported by cAMP/testosterone production. In this signaling scenario, partial recovery of testosterone production in medium/content was detected. The physiological significance of the present results was proven by ex vivo application of epinephrine, which increased cAMP/testosterone production by Leydig cells from control rats in greater fashion than from stressed. IMO did not affect the expression of transcripts for Crhr1/Crhr2 (corticotropin releasing hormone receptors), Acthr (adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone receptor), Gr (glucocorticoid receptor), and Hsd11b1 [hydroxysteroid (11-β) dehydrogenase 1], while all types of IMO stimulated the expression of Hsd11b2, the unidirectional oxidase with high affinity to inactivate glucocorticoids. Thus, presented data provide new molecular/transcriptional base for "fight/adaptation" of Leydig cells and new insights into the role of cAMP, epinephrine, and glucocorticoid signaling in recovery of stress-impaired Leydig cell steroidogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/genetics
- 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics
- Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism
- Androgens/blood
- Animals
- Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/genetics
- Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme/metabolism
- Corticosterone/blood
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Leydig Cells/physiology
- Luteinizing Hormone/blood
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Restraint, Physical
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Steroids/blood
- Stress, Physiological/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa J Stojkov
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Signaling Group, Dept. of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences at Univ. of Novi Sad, Dositeja Obradovica Square 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Dawson MA, Bannister AJ, Saunders L, Wahab OA, Liu F, Nimer SD, Levine RL, Göttgens B, Kouzarides T, Green AR. Nuclear JAK2. Blood 2011; 118:6987-8. [PMID: 22194397 PMCID: PMC4729533 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-385278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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39
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Stewart R, Flechner L, Montminy M, Berdeaux R. CREB is activated by muscle injury and promotes muscle regeneration. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24714. [PMID: 21931825 PMCID: PMC3172299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) plays key roles in differentiation of embryonic skeletal muscle progenitors and survival of adult skeletal muscle. However, little is known about the physiologic signals that activate CREB in normal muscle. Here we show that CREB phosphorylation and target genes are induced after acute muscle injury and during regeneration due to genetic mutation. Activated CREB localizes to both myogenic precursor cells and newly regenerating myofibers within regenerating areas. Moreover, we found that signals from damaged skeletal muscle tissue induce CREB phosphorylation and target gene expression in primary mouse myoblasts. An activated CREB mutant (CREBY134F) potentiates myoblast proliferation as well as expression of early myogenic transcription factors in cultured primary myocytes. Consistently, activated CREB-YF promotes myoblast proliferation after acute muscle injury in vivo and enhances muscle regeneration in dystrophic mdx mice. Our findings reveal a new physiologic function for CREB in contributing to skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Stewart
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Flechner
- Clayton Foundation Laboratory for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Marc Montminy
- Clayton Foundation Laboratory for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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