1
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Hu D, Laczkovich I, Federle MJ, Morrison DA. Identification and Characterization of Negative Regulators of Rgg1518 Quorum Sensing in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0008723. [PMID: 37341600 PMCID: PMC10367586 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00087-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an agent of otitis media, septicemia, and meningitis and remains the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia regardless of vaccine use. Of the various strategies that S. pneumoniae takes to enhance its potential to colonize the human host, quorum sensing (QS) is an intercellular communication process that provides coordination of gene expression at a community level. Numerous putative QS systems are identifiable in the S. pneumoniae genome, but their gene-regulatory activities and contributions to fitness have yet to be fully evaluated. To contribute to assessing regulatory activities of rgg paralogs present in the D39 genome, we conducted transcriptomic analysis of mutants of six QS regulators. Our results find evidence that at least four QS regulators impact the expression of a polycistronic operon (encompassing genes spd_1517 to spd_1513) that is directly controlled by the Rgg/SHP1518 QS system. As an approach to unravel the convergent regulation placed on the spd_1513-1517 operon, we deployed transposon mutagenesis screening in search of upstream regulators of the Rgg/SHP1518 QS system. The screen identified two types of insertion mutants that result in increased activity of Rgg1518-dependent transcription, one type being where the transposon inserted into pepO, an annotated endopeptidase, and the other type being insertions in spxB, a pyruvate oxidase. We demonstrate that pneumococcal PepO degrades SHP1518 to prevent activation of Rgg/SHP1518 QS. Moreover, the glutamic acid residue in the conserved "HExxH" domain is indispensable for the catalytic function of PepO. Finally, we confirmed the metalloendopeptidase property of PepO, which requires zinc ions, but not other ions, to facilitate peptidyl hydrolysis. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus pneumoniae uses quorum sensing to communicate and regulate virulence. In our study, we focused on one Rgg quorum sensing system (Rgg/SHP1518) and found that multiple other Rgg regulators also control it. We further identified two enzymes that inhibit Rgg/SHP1518 signaling and revealed and validated one enzyme's mechanisms for breaking down quorum sensing signaling molecules. Our findings shed light on the complex regulatory network of quorum sensing in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoyi Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Irina Laczkovich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J. Federle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald A. Morrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Dak M, Šlachtová V, Šebela M, Bazgier V, Berka K, Smiejkowska N, Oorts L, Cappoen D, Brulíková L. Novel heterocyclic hydroxamates as inhibitors of the mycobacterial zinc metalloprotease Zmp1 to probe its mechanism of function. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Joaquim AR, Gionbelli MP, Gosmann G, Fuentefria AM, Lopes MS, Fernandes de Andrade S. Novel Antimicrobial 8-Hydroxyquinoline-Based Agents: Current Development, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16349-16379. [PMID: 34779640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The search for new antimicrobials is imperative due to the emergent resistance of new microorganism strains. In this context, revisiting known classes like 8-hydroxyquinolines could be an interesting strategy to discover new agents. The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives nitroxoline and clioquinol are used to treat microbial infections; however, these drugs are underused, being available in few countries or limited to topical use. After years of few advances, in the last two decades, the potent activity of clioquinol and nitroxoline against several targets and the privileged structure of 8-hydroxyquinoline nucleus have prompted an increased interest in the design of novel antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-Alzheimer agents based on this class. Herein, we discuss the current development and antimicrobial structure-activity relationships of this class in the perspective of using the 8-hydroxyquinoline nucleus for the search for novel antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the most investigated molecular targets concerning 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives are explored in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Rocha Joaquim
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pies Gionbelli
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marcela Silva Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Saulo Fernandes de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Azenha, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola e do Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite, 500, Farroupilha, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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4
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Targeting NAD-dependent dehydrogenases in drug discovery against infectious diseases and cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:693-707. [PMID: 32311017 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenases are oxidoreductase enzymes that play a variety of fundamental functions in the living organisms and have primary roles in pathogen survival and infection processes as well as in cancer development. We review here a sub-set of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases involved in human diseases and the recent advancements in drug development targeting pathogen-associated NAD-dependent dehydrogenases. We focus also on the molecular aspects of the inhibition process listing the structures of the most relevant molecules targeting this enzyme family. Our aim is to review the most impacting findings regarding the discovery of novel inhibitory compounds targeting the selected NAD-dependent dehydrogenases involved in cancer and infectious diseases.
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5
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Liang WG, Mancl JM, Zhao M, Tang WJ. Structural analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M13 metalloprotease Zmp1 open states. Structure 2020; 29:709-720.e3. [PMID: 33378640 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc metalloprotease 1 (Zmp1), a Mycobacterium tuberculosis 75 kDa secreted enzyme, mediates key stages of tuberculosis disease progression. The biological activity of Zmp1 presumably stems from its ability to degrade bacterium- and/or host-derived peptides. The crystal structures of Zmp1 and related M13 metalloproteases, such as neprilysin and endothelin-converting enzyme-1 were determined only in the closed conformation, which cannot capture substrates or release proteolytic products. Thus, the mechanisms of substrate binding and selectivity remain elusive. Here we report two open-state cryo-EM structures of Zmp1, revealed by our SAXS analysis to be the dominant states in solution. Our structural analyses reveal how ligand binding induces a conformational switch in four linker regions to drive the rigid body motion of the D1 and D2 domains, which form the sizable catalytic chamber. Furthermore, they offer insights into the catalytic cycle and mechanism of substrate recognition of M13 metalloproteases for future therapeutic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang G Liang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jordan M Mancl
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Minglei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Wei-Jen Tang
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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6
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Campaniço A, Harjivan SG, Warner DF, Moreira R, Lopes F. Addressing Latent Tuberculosis: New Advances in Mimicking the Disease, Discovering Key Targets, and Designing Hit Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228854. [PMID: 33238468 PMCID: PMC7700174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being discovered and isolated more than one hundred years ago, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health concern arch. Our inability to eradicate this bacillus is strongly related with the growing resistance, low compliance to current drugs, and the capacity of the bacteria to coexist in a state of asymptomatic latency. This last state can be sustained for years or even decades, waiting for a breach in the immune system to become active again. Furthermore, most current therapies are not efficacious against this state, failing to completely clear the infection. Over the years, a series of experimental methods have been developed to mimic the latent state, currently used in drug discovery, both in vitro and in vivo. Most of these methods focus in one specific latency inducing factor, with only a few taking into consideration the complexity of the granuloma and the genomic and proteomic consequences of each physiological factor. A series of targets specifically involved in latency have been studied over the years with promising scaffolds being discovered and explored. Taking in account that solving the latency problem is one of the keys to eradicate the disease, herein we compile current therapies and diagnosis techniques, methods to mimic latency and new targets and compounds in the pipeline of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Campaniço
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.); (S.G.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Shrika G. Harjivan
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.); (S.G.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Digby F. Warner
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;
- Department of Pathology, SAMRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Welcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Rui Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.); (S.G.H.); (R.M.)
| | - Francisca Lopes
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.); (S.G.H.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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A Repurposing Approach for Uncovering the Anti-Tubercular Activity of FDA-Approved Drugs with Potential Multi-Targeting Profiles. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234373. [PMID: 31795400 PMCID: PMC6930672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. This scenario is further complicated by the insurgence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. The identification of appropriate drugs with multi-target affinity profiles is considered to be a widely accepted strategy to overcome the rapid development of resistance. The aim of this study was to discover Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs possessing antimycobacterial activity, potentially coupled to an effective multi-target profile. An integrated screening platform was implemented based on computational procedures (high-throughput docking techniques on the target enzymes peptide deformylase and Zmp1) and in vitro phenotypic screening assays using two models to evaluate the activity of the selected drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), namely, growth of Mtb H37Rv and of two clinical isolates in axenic media, and infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Mtb. Starting from over 3000 FDA-approved drugs, we selected 29 marketed drugs for submission to biological evaluation. Out of 29 drugs selected, 20 showed antimycobacterial activity. Further characterization suggested that five drugs possessed promising profiles for further studies. Following a repurposing strategy, by combining computational and biological efforts, we identified marketed drugs with relevant antimycobacterial profiles.
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8
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Novel thiazolidinedione-hydroxamates as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor Zmp1. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 185:111812. [PMID: 31703818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc metalloprotease 1 (Zmp1) is an extracellular enzyme, which has been found essential for the intracellular survival and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of novel thiazolidinedione-hydroxamates and evaluated in silico their drug-likeness behavior. Then, their inhibitory properties towards a recombinant Zmp1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Nine of the tested compounds were found to inhibit the enzymatic reaction more effectively than the generic metalloprotease inhibitor phosphoramidon. Furthermore, the synthesized thiazolidinedione-hydroxamate hybrids were evaluated for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity and acute cytotoxicity using whole-cell assays. Results showed that none of the hybrids exhibited acute cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 macrophages. Whereas extracellular antimycobacterial activity was limited, RAW264.7 macrophage infection results showed that a majority of the hybrids inhibited the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a concentration of 100 and 10 μM. The thiazolidinedione-hydroxamate compound 2n was considered to be the best candidate of the evaluated library.
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9
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Opportunities for Overcoming Mycobacterium tuberculosis Drug Resistance: Emerging Mycobacterial Targets and Host-Directed Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122868. [PMID: 31212777 PMCID: PMC6627145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing incidence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections has invigorated the focus on the discovery and development of novel treatment options. The discovery and investigation of essential mycobacterial targets is of utmost importance. In addition to the discovery of novel targets, focusing on non-lethal pathways and the use of host-directed therapies has gained interest. These adjunctive treatment options could not only lead to increased antibiotic susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but also have the potential to avoid the emergence of drug resistance. Host-directed therapies, on the other hand, can also reduce the associated lung pathology and improve disease outcome. This review will provide an outline of recent opportunities.
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10
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Labiuk SL, Sygusch J, Grochulski P. Structures of soluble rabbit neprilysin complexed with phosphoramidon or thiorphan. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:405-411. [PMID: 31204686 PMCID: PMC6572095 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19006046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral endopeptidase (neprilysin; NEP) is a proteinase that cleaves a wide variety of peptides and has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular conditions, arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. The structure of the soluble extracellular domain (residues 55-750) of rabbit neprilysin was solved both in its native form at 2.1 Å resolution, and bound to the inhibitors phosphoramidon and thiorphan at 2.8 and 3.0 Å resolution, respectively. Consistent with the extracellular domain of human neprilysin, the structure reveals a large central cavity which contains the active site and the location for inhibitor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunivan L. Labiuk
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Jurgen Sygusch
- Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Pawel Grochulski
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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11
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Na Pombejra S, Jamklang M, Uhrig JP, Vu K, Gelli A. The structure-function analysis of the Mpr1 metalloprotease determinants of activity during migration of fungal cells across the blood-brain barrier. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203020. [PMID: 30161190 PMCID: PMC6117016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, the most common form of cryptococcosis, is caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans. Molecular strategies used by C. neoformans to invade the central nervous system (CNS) have been the focus of several studies. Recently, the role of a novel secreted metalloprotease (Mpr1) in the pathogenicity of C. neoformans was confirmed by studies demonstrating that Mpr1 mediated the migration of fungal cells into the CNS. Given this central function, the aim here was to identify the molecular determinants of Mpr1 activity and resolve their role in the migration of cryptococci across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The Mpr1 protein belongs to an understudied group of metalloproteases of the M36 class of fungalysins unique to fungi. They are generally synthesized as propeptides with fairly long prodomains and highly conserved regions within their catalytic core. Through structure-function analysis of Mpr1, our study identified the prodomain cleavage sites of Mpr1 and demonstrated that when mutated, the prodomain appears to remain attached to the catalytic C-terminus of Mpr1 rendering a nonfunctional Mpr1 protein and an inability for cryptococci to cross the BBB. We found that proteolytic activity of Mpr1 was dependent on the coordination of zinc with two histidine residues in the active site of Mpr1, since amino acid substitutions in the HExxH motif abolished Mpr1 proteolytic activity and prevented the migration of cryptococci across the BBB. A phylogenetic analysis of Mpr1 revealed a distinct pattern likely reflecting the neurotropic nature of C. neoformans and the specific function of Mpr1 in breaching the BBB. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the molecular regulation of Mpr1 activity and may lead to the development of specific inhibitors that could be used to restrict fungal penetration of the CNS and thus prevent cryptococcal meningoencephalitis-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarisa Na Pombejra
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Mantana Jamklang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John P. Uhrig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kiem Vu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Angie Gelli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Paolino M, Brindisi M, Vallone A, Butini S, Campiani G, Nannicini C, Giuliani G, Anzini M, Lamponi S, Giorgi G, Sbardella D, Ferraris DM, Marini S, Coletta M, Palucci I, Minerva M, Delogu G, Pepponi I, Goletti D, Cappelli A, Gemma S, Brogi S. Development of Potent Inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence Factor Zmp1 and Evaluation of Their Effect on Mycobacterial Survival inside Macrophages. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:422-430. [PMID: 29334428 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme Zmp1 is a zinc-containing peptidase that plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Herein we describe the identification of a small set of Zmp1 inhibitors based on a novel 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-hydroxamate scaffold. Among the synthesized compounds, N-(benzyloxy)-8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxamide (1 c) was found to be the most potent Zmp1 inhibitor known to date, and its binding mode was analyzed both by kinetics studies and molecular modeling, identifying critical interactions of 1 c with the zinc ion and residues in the active site. The effect of 1 c on intracellular Mycobacterium survival was assayed in J774 murine macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv or M. bovis BCG and human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were also assessed. Overall, inhibitor 1 c displays interesting in vitro antitubercular properties worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paolino
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vallone
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Nannicini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Germano Giuliani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Diego Sbardella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide M Ferraris
- Department of Chemical, Food, Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefano Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Minerva
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pepponi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "L. Spallanzani", Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "L. Spallanzani", Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cappelli
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development - NatSynDrugs - and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Ferraris DM, Miggiano R, Rossi F, Rizzi M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Molecular Determinants of Infection, Survival Strategies, and Vulnerable Targets. Pathogens 2018; 7:E17. [PMID: 29389854 PMCID: PMC5874743 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an ancient disease which, still today, represents a major threat for the world population. Despite the advances in medicine and the development of effective antitubercular drugs, the cure of tuberculosis involves prolonged therapies which complicate the compliance and monitoring of drug administration and treatment. Moreover, the only available antitubercular vaccine fails to provide an effective shield against adult lung tuberculosis, which is the most prevalent form. Hence, there is a pressing need for effective antitubercular drugs and vaccines. This review highlights recent advances in the study of selected M. tuberculosis key molecular determinants of infection and vulnerable targets whose structures could be exploited for the development of new antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide M Ferraris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Miggiano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Franca Rossi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Menico Rizzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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14
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Mori M, Deodato D, Kasula M, Ferraris DM, Sanna A, De Logu A, Rizzi M, Botta M. Design, synthesis, SAR and biological investigation of 3-(carboxymethyl)rhodanine and aminothiazole inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zmp1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:637-641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Quantum chemical calculations of the active site of the solute-binding protein PsaA from Streptococcus pneumoniae explain electronic selectivity of metal binding. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-1036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Subhedar DD, Shaikh MH, Shingate BB, Nawale L, Sarkar D, Khedkar VM, Kalam Khan FA, Sangshetti JN. Quinolidene-rhodanine conjugates: Facile synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:385-399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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Vemula MH, Ganji R, Sivangala R, Jakkala K, Gaddam S, Penmetsa S, Banerjee S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zinc Metalloprotease-1 Elicits Tuberculosis-Specific Humoral Immune Response Independent of Mycobacterial Load in Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:418. [PMID: 27065979 PMCID: PMC4814508 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, facultative intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the tuberculosis (TB) causing bacilli in human is cleared by cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with CD4+ T cells playing instrumental role in protective immunity, while antibody-mediated immunity (AMI) is considered non-protective. This longstanding convention has been challenged with recent evidences of increased susceptibility of hosts with compromised AMI and monoclonal antibodies conferring passive protection against TB and other intracellular pathogens. Therefore, novel approaches toward vaccine development include strategies aiming at induction of humoral response along with CMI. This necessitates the identification of mycobacterial proteins with properties of immunomodulation and strong immunogenicity. In this study, we determined the immunogenic potential of M. tuberculosis Zinc metalloprotease-1 (Zmp1), a secretory protein essential for intracellular survival and pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. We observed that Zmp1 was secreted by in vitro grown M. tuberculosis under granuloma-like stress conditions (acidic, oxidative, iron deficiency, and nutrient deprivation) and generated Th2 cytokine microenvironment upon exogenous treatment of peripheral blood mononulear cells PBMCs with recombinant Zmp1 (rZmp1). This was supported by recording specific and robust humoral response in TB patients in a cohort of 295. The anti-Zmp1 titers were significantly higher in TB patients (n = 121) as against healthy control (n = 62), household contacts (n = 89) and non-specific infection controls (n = 23). A significant observation of the study is the presence of equally high titers of anti-Zmp1 antibodies in a range of patients with high bacilli load (sputum bacilli load of 300+ per mL) to paucibacillary smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases. This clearly indicated the potential of Zmp1 to evoke an effective humoral response independent of mycobacterial load. Such mycobacterial proteins can be explored as antigen candidates for prime-boost vaccination strategies or extrapolated as markers for disease detection and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani H Vemula
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad, India
| | - Rakesh Ganji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramya Sivangala
- Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center Hyderabad, India
| | - Kiran Jakkala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad, India
| | - Sumanlatha Gaddam
- Department of Immunology, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research CenterHyderabad, India; Department of Genetics, Osmania UniversityHyderabad, India
| | | | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Hyderabad, India
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18
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Subhedar DD, Shaikh MH, Nawale L, Yeware A, Sarkar D, Khan FAK, Sangshetti JN, Shingate BB. Novel tetrazoloquinoline-rhodanine conjugates: Highly efficient synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2278-83. [PMID: 27013391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In search of new active molecules against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Ra and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a small focused library of rhodanine incorporated tetrazoloquinoline has been efficiently synthesized by using [HDBU][HSO4] acidic ionic liquid. The compound 3c found to be promising inhibitor of MTB H37Ra and M. bovis BCG characterized by lower MIC values 4.5 and 2.0 μg/mL, respectively. The active compounds were further tested for cytotoxicity against HeLa, THP-1, A549 and PANC-1 cell lines using MTT assay and showed no significant cytotoxic activity at the maximum concentration evaluated. Again, the synthesized compounds were found to have potential antifungal activity. Furthermore, to rationalize the observed biological activity data, the molecular docking study also been carried out against a potential target Zmp1 enzyme of MTB H37Ra, which revealed a significant correlation between the binding score and biological activity for these compounds. The results of in vitro and in silico study suggest that these compounds possess ideal structural requirement for the further development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar D Subhedar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004, India
| | - Mubarak H Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004, India
| | - Laxman Nawale
- Combichem Bioresource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Amar Yeware
- Combichem Bioresource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combichem Bioresource Center, Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Firoz A Kalam Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad 431 001, India
| | - Jaiprakash N Sangshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad 431 001, India
| | - Bapurao B Shingate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004, India.
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Yang JY, Wang P, Li CY, Dong S, Song XY, Zhang XY, Xie BB, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ, Chen XL. Characterization of a New M13 Metallopeptidase from Deep-Sea Shewanella sp. E525-6 and Mechanistic Insight into Its Catalysis. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1498. [PMID: 26779153 PMCID: PMC4701951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular peptidases are important for bacterial nutrition and organic nitrogen degradation in the ocean. While many peptidases of the M13 family from terrestrial animals and bacteria are studied, there has been no report on M13 peptidases from marine bacteria. Here, we characterized an M13 peptidase, PepS, from the deep-sea sedimentary strain Shewanella sp. E525-6, and investigated its substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism. The gene pepS cloned from strain E525-6 contains 2085 bp and encodes an M13 metallopeptidase. PepS was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Among the characterized M13 peptidases, PepS shares the highest sequence identity (47%) with Zmp1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, indicating that PepS is a new member of the M13 family. PepS had the highest activity at 30°C and pH 8.0. It retained 15% activity at 0°C. Its half life at 40°C was only 4 min. These properties indicate that PepS is a cold-adapted enzyme. The smallest substrate for PepS is pentapeptide, and it is probably unable to cleave peptides of more than 30 residues. PepS prefers to hydrolyze peptide bonds with P1′ hydrophobic residues. Structural and mutational analyses suggested that His531, His535 and Glu592 coordinate the catalytic zinc ion in PepS, Glu532 acts as a nucleophile, and His654 is probably involved in the transition state stabilization. Asp538 and Asp596 can stablize the orientations of His531 and His535, and Arg660 can stablize the orientation of Asp596. These results help in understanding marine bacterial peptidases and organic nitrogen degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Yang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Song
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Xi-Ying Zhang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- Marine and Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong UniversityJinan, China; Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
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20
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Parsa Yeganeh L, Azarbaijani R, Mousavi H, Shahzadeh Fazeli SA, Amoozgar MA, Salekdeh GH. Genome-Wide Analysis of Oceanimonas sp. GK1 Isolated from Gavkhouni Wetland (Iran) Demonstrates Presence of Genes for Virulence and Pathogenicity. CELL JOURNAL 2015; 17:451-60. [PMID: 26464816 PMCID: PMC4601865 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The bacterium Oceanimonas sp. (O. sp.) GK1 is a member of the Aeromonadaceae family and its genome represents several virulence genes involved in fish and human pathogenicity. In this original research study we aimed to identify and characterize the putative virulence factors and pathogenicity of this halotolerant marine bacterium using genome wide analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genome data of O. sp. GK1 was obtained from NCBI. Comparative genomic study was done using MetaCyc database. RESULTS Whole genome data analysis of the O. sp. GK1 revealed that the bacterium possesses some important virulence genes (e.g. ZOT, RTX toxin, thermostable hemolysin, lateral flagella and type IV pili) which have been implicated in adhesion and biofilm formation and infection in some other pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the putative pathogenicity of O. sp.GK1. The genome wide analysis of the bacterium demonstrates the presence of virulence genes causing infectious diseases in many warmand cold-blooded animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Parsa Yeganeh
- Molecular Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Azarbaijani
- Molecular Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mousavi
- Molecular Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh Fazeli
- Molecular Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran ; Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Molecular Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran ; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran ; Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Developing whole mycobacteria cell vaccines for tuberculosis: Workshop proceedings, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany, July 9, 2014. Vaccine 2015; 33:3047-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Sander P, Clark S, Petrera A, Vilaplana C, Meuli M, Selchow P, Zelmer A, Mohanan D, Andreu N, Rayner E, Dal Molin M, Bancroft GJ, Johansen P, Cardona PJ, Williams A, Böttger EC. Deletion of zmp1 improves Mycobacterium bovis BCG-mediated protection in a guinea pig model of tuberculosis. Vaccine 2015; 33:1353-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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The endothelin system has a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2014; 82:5154-65. [PMID: 25267836 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02304-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem, and although multiple studies have addressed the relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host on an immunological level, few studies have addressed the impact of host physiological responses. Proteases produced by bacteria have been associated with important alterations in the host tissues, and a limited number of these enzymes have been characterized in mycobacterial species. M. tuberculosis produces a protease called Zmp1, which appears to be associated with virulence and has a putative action as an endothelin-converting enzyme. Endothelins are a family of vasoactive peptides, of which 3 distinct isoforms exist, and endothelin 1 (ET-1) is the most abundant and the best-characterized isoform. The aim of this work was to characterize the Zmp1 protease and evaluate its role in pathogenicity. Here, we have shown that M. tuberculosis produces and secretes an enzyme with ET-1 cleavage activity. These data demonstrate a possible role of Zmp1 for mycobacterium-host interactions and highlights its potential as a drug target. Moreover, the results suggest that endothelin pathways have a role in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis infections, and ETA or ETB receptor signaling can modulate the host response to the infection. We hypothesize that a balance between Zmp1 control of ET-1 levels and ETA/ETB signaling can allow M. tuberculosis adaptation and survival in the lung tissues.
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24
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Discovery of the first potent and selective Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zmp1 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2508-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Naffin-Olivos JL, Georgieva M, Goldfarb N, Madan-Lala R, Dong L, Bizzell E, Valinetz E, Brandt GS, Yu S, Shabashvili DE, Ringe D, Dunn BM, Petsko GA, Rengarajan J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hip1 modulates macrophage responses through proteolysis of GroEL2. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004132. [PMID: 24830429 PMCID: PMC4022732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs multiple strategies to evade host immune responses and persist within macrophages. We have previously shown that the cell envelope-associated Mtb serine hydrolase, Hip1, prevents robust macrophage activation and dampens host pro-inflammatory responses, allowing Mtb to delay immune detection and accelerate disease progression. We now provide key mechanistic insights into the molecular and biochemical basis of Hip1 function. We establish that Hip1 is a serine protease with activity against protein and peptide substrates. Further, we show that the Mtb GroEL2 protein is a direct substrate of Hip1 protease activity. Cleavage of GroEL2 is specifically inhibited by serine protease inhibitors. We mapped the cleavage site within the N-terminus of GroEL2 and confirmed that this site is required for proteolysis of GroEL2 during Mtb growth. Interestingly, we discovered that Hip1-mediated cleavage of GroEL2 converts the protein from a multimeric to a monomeric form. Moreover, ectopic expression of cleaved GroEL2 monomers into the hip1 mutant complemented the hyperinflammatory phenotype of the hip1 mutant and restored wild type levels of cytokine responses in infected macrophages. Our studies point to Hip1-dependent proteolysis as a novel regulatory mechanism that helps Mtb respond rapidly to changing host immune environments during infection. These findings position Hip1 as an attractive target for inhibition for developing immunomodulatory therapeutics against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L. Naffin-Olivos
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria Georgieva
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nathan Goldfarb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ranjna Madan-Lala
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lauren Dong
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erica Bizzell
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ethan Valinetz
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gabriel S. Brandt
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniil E. Shabashvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dagmar Ringe
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ben M. Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Petsko
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Khatri B, Whelan A, Clifford D, Petrera A, Sander P, Vordermeier HM. BCG Δzmp1 vaccine induces enhanced antigen specific immune responses in cattle. Vaccine 2014; 32:779-84. [PMID: 24394444 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) causes major economy and public health problem in numerous countries. In Great Britain, despite the use of a test-and-slaughter strategy, the incidence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle has steadily risen in recent years. One strategy being considered to reduce the burden of bTB in cattle is the development of an efficient vaccine. The only current potentially available vaccine against tuberculosis, live attenuated M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has demonstrated variable efficacy in both humans and cattle and the development of improved vaccination strategies for cattle is a research priority. In this study we assessed the immunogenicity in cattle of two recombinant BCG strains, namely BCG Pasteur Δzmp1::aph and BCG Danish Δzmp1. By applying a recently defined predictive immune-correlate of protection (T cell memory responses measured by cultured ELISPOT), we have compared these two recombinant BCG with wild-type BCG Danish SSI. Our results demonstrated that both strains induced superior T cell memory responses compared to wild-type BCG. These data provide support for the prioritisation of testing BCG Danish Δzmp1 in vaccination/M. bovis challenge studies to determine its protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwati Khatri
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Adam Whelan
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Clifford
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien (NZM), Gloriastrasse 30/32, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- Department of Bovine Tuberculosis, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Surrey, United Kingdom
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27
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Ruf A, Stihle M, Benz J, Schmidt M, Sobek H. Structure of gentlyase, the neutral metalloprotease of Paenibacillus polymyxa. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:24-31. [PMID: 23275160 PMCID: PMC3532130 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912041169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gentlyase is a bacterial extracellular metalloprotease that is widely applied in cell culture and for tissue dissociation and that belongs to the family of thermolysin-like proteases. The structure of thermolysin has been known since 1972 and that of Bacillus cereus neutral protease since 1992. However, the structure determination of other Bacillus neutral proteases has been hindered by their tendency to cannibalistic autolysis. High calcium conditions that allow the concentration and crystallization of the active Gentlyase metalloprotease without autoproteolysis were identified using thermal fluorescent shift assays. X-ray structures of the protease were solved in the absence and in the presence of the inhibitor phosphoramidon at 1.59 and 1.76 Å resolution, respectively. No domain movement was observed upon inhibitor binding, although such movement is thought to be a general feature of the thermolysin-like protease family. Further analysis of the structure shows that the observed calcium dependency of Gentlyase stability may arise from a partly degenerated calcium site Ca1-2 and a deletion near site Ca3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ruf
- pRED Pharma Research and Early Development, Small Molecule Research, Discovery Technologies, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
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28
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Chim N, Owens CP, Contreras H, Goulding CW. Withdrawn. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2012:CDTID-EPUB-20121116-2. [PMID: 23167715 PMCID: PMC3695056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Withdrawn by the publisher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Cedric P. Owens
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Heidi Contreras
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine CA 92697, USA
| | - Celia W. Goulding
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine CA 92697, USA
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