1
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Sun C, Zhou C, Daneshvar K, Kratkiewicz AJ, Saad AB, Hess A, Chen JY, Pondick JV, York SR, Li W, Moran S, Gentile S, Rahman RU, Li Z, Sparks R, Habboub T, Kim BM, Choi MY, Affo S, Schwabe RF, Popov YV, Mullen AC. Conserved long noncoding RNA TILAM promotes liver fibrosis through interaction with PML in hepatic stellate cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.29.551032. [PMID: 37546982 PMCID: PMC10402143 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.29.551032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Fibrosis is the common endpoint for all forms of chronic liver injury, and progression of fibrosis leads to the development of end-stage liver disease. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and their transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts results in the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that form the fibrotic scar. Long noncoding (lnc) RNAs regulate the activity of HSCs and may provide targets for fibrotic therapies. Methods We identified lncRNA TILAM as expressed near COL1A1 in human HSCs and performed loss-of-function studies in human HSCs and liver organoids. Transcriptomic analyses of HSCs isolated from mice defined the murine ortholog of TILAM . We then generated Tilam -deficient GFP reporter mice and quantified fibrotic responses to carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) and choline-deficient L-amino acid defined high fat diet (CDA-HFD). Co-precipitation studies, mass spectrometry, and gene expression analyses identified protein partners of TILAM . Results TILAM is conserved between human and mouse HSCs and regulates expression of ECM proteins, including collagen. Tilam is selectively induced in HSCs during the development of fibrosis in vivo . In both male and female mice, loss of Tilam results in reduced fibrosis in the setting of CCl 4 and CDA-HFD injury models. TILAM interacts with promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) to stabilize PML protein levels and promote the fibrotic activity of HSCs. Conclusion TILAM is activated in HSCs and interacts with PML to drive the development of liver fibrosis. Depletion of TILAM may serve as a therapeutic approach to combat the development of end stage liver disease.
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Zhan X, Lu M, Yang L, Yang J, Zhan X, Zheng S, Guo Y, Li B, Wen S, Li J, Li N. Ubiquitination-mediated molecular pathway alterations in human lung squamous cell carcinomas identified by quantitative ubiquitinomics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:970843. [PMID: 36187110 PMCID: PMC9520991 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.970843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal ubiquitination is extensively associated with cancers. To investigate human lung cancer ubiquitination and its potential functions, quantitative ubiquitinomics was carried out between human lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and control tissues, which characterized a total of 627 ubiquitin-modified proteins (UPs) and 1209 ubiquitinated lysine sites. Those UPs were mainly involved in cell adhesion, signal transduction, and regulations of ribosome complex and proteasome complex. Thirty three UPs whose genes were also found in TCGA database were significantly related to overall survival of LSCC. Six significant networks and 234 hub molecules were obtained from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of those 627 UPs. KEGG pathway analysis of those UPs revealed 47 statistically significant pathways, and most of which were tumor-associated pathways such as mTOR, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, and Ras signaling pathways, and intracellular protein turnover-related pathways such as ribosome complex, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ER protein processing, and proteasome complex pathways. Further, the relationship analysis of ubiquitination and differentially expressed proteins shows that ubiquitination regulates two aspects of protein turnover - synthesis and degradation. This study provided the first profile of UPs and molecular networks in LSCC tissue, which is the important resource to insight into new mechanisms, and to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets/drugs to treat LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xianquan Zhan,
| | - Miaolong Lu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lamei Yang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingru Yang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhan
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuna Guo
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Biao Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Wen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Na Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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3
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Hleihel R, El Hajj H, Wu HC, Berthier C, Zhu HH, Massoud R, Chakhachiro Z, El Sabban M, De The H, Bazarbachi A. A Pin1/PML/P53 axis activated by retinoic acid in NPM-1c acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2021; 106:3090-3099. [PMID: 34047175 PMCID: PMC8634200 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.274878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) was proposed to increase survival of chemotherapy- treated patients with nucleophosmin-1 (NPM-1c)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. We reported that, ex vivo, RA triggers NPM-1c degradation, P53 activation and growth arrest. PML organizes domains that control senescence or proteolysis. Here, we demonstrate that PML is required to initiate RA-driven NPM-1c degradation, P53 activation and cell death. Mechanistically, RA enhances PML basal expression through inhibition of activated Pin1, prior to NPM-1c degradation. Such PML induction drives P53 activation, favoring blast response to chemotherapy or arsenic in vivo. This RA/PML/P53 cascade could mechanistically explain RA-facilitated chemotherapy response in patients with NPM-1c mutated acute myeloid leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/genetics
- NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tretinoin/therapeutic use
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hleihel
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Beirut
| | - Hsin-Chieh Wu
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, IRSL, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, College de France, PSL University, CIRB, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris
| | - Caroline Berthier
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, IRSL, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris; College de France, PSL University, CIRB, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris
| | - Hong-Hu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Radwan Massoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut
| | - Zaher Chakhachiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut
| | - Hugues De The
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 944, CNRS UMR 7212, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, IRSL, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris; College de France, PSL University, CIRB, INSERM UMR 1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris
| | - Ali Bazarbachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut.
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4
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Pu W, Zheng Y, Peng Y. Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in Human Cancer: Function, Mechanism, and Significance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:168. [PMID: 32296699 PMCID: PMC7136398 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) is an evolutionally conserved and unique enzyme that specifically catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif and, subsequently, induces the conformational change of its substrates. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that Pin1 is widely overexpressed and/or overactivated in cancer, exerting a critical influence on tumor initiation and progression via regulation of the biological activity, protein degradation, or nucleus-cytoplasmic distribution of its substrates. Moreover, Pin1 participates in the cancer hallmarks through activating some oncogenes and growth enhancers, or inactivating some tumor suppressors and growth inhibitors, suggesting that Pin1 could be an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the findings on the dysregulation, mechanisms, and biological functions of Pin1 in cancer cells, and also discuss the significance and potential applications of Pin1 dysregulation in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Pu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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5
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Jimenez JJ, Chale RS, Abad AC, Schally AV. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL): a review of the literature. Oncotarget 2020; 11:992-1003. [PMID: 32215187 PMCID: PMC7082115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is characterized by a block in differentiation where leukemic cells are halted at the promyelocyte stage. A characteristic balanced chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17 t (15;17) (q24; q21) is seen in 95% of cases — the translocation results in the formation of the PML-RARA fusion protein. The introduction of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been responsible for initially remarkable cure rates. However, relapsed APL, particularly in the high-risk subset of patients, remains an important clinical problem. In addition, despite the success of ATRA & ATO, many clinicians still elect to use cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of APL. Patients who become resistant to ATO have an increased risk of mortality. The probability of relapse is significantly higher in the high-risk subset of patients undergoing treatment for APL; overall approximately 10-20% of APL patients relapse regardless of their risk stratification. Furthermore, 20-25% of patients undergoing treatment will develop differentiation syndrome, a common side effect of differentiation agents. Recent evidence using in vitro models has shown that mutations in the B2 domain of the PML protein, mediate arsenic resistance. Alternative agents and approaches considering these clinical outcomes are needed to address ATO resistance as well as the relapse rate in high risk APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin J Jimenez
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ravinder S Chale
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrea C Abad
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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6
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Wu D, Huang D, Li LL, Ni P, Li XX, Wang B, Han YN, Shao XQ, Zhao D, Chu WF, Li BY. TGF-β1-PML SUMOylation-peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1) form a positive feedback loop to regulate cardiac fibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6263-6273. [PMID: 30246389 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is involved in fibrosis in most, if not all forms of cardiac diseases. Here, we evaluate a positive feedback signaling the loop of TGF-β1/promyelocytic leukemia (PML) SUMOylation/Pin1 promoting the cardiac fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, the mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (3 weeks) were developed and the morphological evidence showed obvious interstitial fibrosis with TGF-β1, Pin1 upregulation, and increase in PML SUMOylation. In neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts (NMCFs), we found that exogenous TGF-β1 induced the upregulation of TGF-β1 itself in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and also triggered the PML SUMOylation and the formation of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), and consequently recruited Pin1 into nuclear to colocalize with PML. Pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β signal or Pin1 with LY364947 (3 μM) or Juglone (3 μM), the TGF-β1-induced PML SUMOylation was reduced significantly with downregulation of the messenger RNA and protein for TGF-β1 and Pin1. To verify the cellular function of PML by means of gain- or loss-of-function, the positive feedback signaling loop was enhanced or declined, meanwhile, TGF-β-Smad signaling pathway was activated or weakened, respectively. In summary, we uncovered a novel reciprocal loop of TGF-β1/PML SUMOylation/Pin1 leading to myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang-Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Ni
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiu-Xian Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Na Han
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Shao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Cardiology, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Feng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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7
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Prolyl isomerase Pin1: a promoter of cancer and a target for therapy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:883. [PMID: 30158600 PMCID: PMC6115400 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is the only known peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase) that specifically recognizes and isomerizes the phosphorylated Serine/Threonine-Proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) motif. The Pin1-mediated structural transformation posttranslationally regulates the biofunctions of multiple proteins. Pin1 is involved in many cellular processes, the aberrance of which lead to both degenerative and neoplastic diseases. Pin1 is highly expressed in the majority of cancers and its deficiency significantly suppresses cancer progression. According to the ground-breaking summaries by Hanahan D and Weinberg RA, the hallmarks of cancer comprise ten biological capabilities. Multiple researches illuminated that Pin1 contributes to these aberrant behaviors of cancer via promoting various cancer-driving pathways. This review summarized the detailed mechanisms of Pin1 in different cancer capabilities and certain Pin1-targeted small-molecule compounds that exhibit anticancer activities, expecting to facilitate anticancer therapies by targeting Pin1.
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8
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Lallemand-Breitenbach V, de Thé H. PML nuclear bodies: from architecture to function. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 52:154-161. [PMID: 29723661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PML nuclear bodies are nucleated by the PML protein, which polymerizes into spherical shells where it concentrates many unrelated partner proteins. Emerging data has connected PML bodies to post-translational control, notably conjugation by SUMOs. High concentrations of SUMO-bound proteins were proposed to condense into liquid-like droplets and such phase transition may occur within NBs. Many stress pathways modulate NB formation and recent findings have directly implicated PML in oxidative stress response in vivo. PML may also undergo SUMO-dependent ubiquitination/degradation. We highlight recent advances linking PML to partner degradation and other adaptative post-translational modifications in the context of chromatin remodeling, telomere biology, senescence or viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lallemand-Breitenbach
- INSERM U944-CNRS UMR 7212, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France; Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Hugues de Thé
- INSERM U944-CNRS UMR 7212, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France; Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Service de Biochimie, Hôpital St. Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
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9
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Hsu KS, Kao HY. PML: Regulation and multifaceted function beyond tumor suppression. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:5. [PMID: 29416846 PMCID: PMC5785837 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) was originally identified as a fusion partner of retinoic acid receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with the (15;17) chromosomal translocation, giving rise to PML–RARα and RARα–PML fusion proteins. A body of evidence indicated that PML possesses tumor suppressing activity by regulating apoptosis, cell cycle, senescence and DNA damage responses. PML is enriched in discrete nuclear substructures in mammalian cells with 0.2–1 μm diameter in size, referred to as alternately Kremer bodies, nuclear domain 10, PML oncogenic domains or PML nuclear bodies (NBs). Dysregulation of PML NB formation results in altered transcriptional regulation, protein modification, apoptosis and cellular senescence. In addition to PML NBs, PML is also present in nucleoplasm and cytoplasmic compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria-associated membranes. The role of PML in tumor suppression has been extensively studied but increasing evidence indicates that PML also plays versatile roles in stem cell renewal, metabolism, inflammatory responses, neural function, mammary development and angiogenesis. In this review, we will briefly describe the known PML regulation and function and include new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Sheng Hsu
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.,Present Address: Tumor Angiogenesis Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program (MCGP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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10
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Milutinovic S, Heynen-Genel S, Chao E, Dewing A, Solano R, Milan L, Barron N, He M, Diaz PW, Matsuzawa SI, Reed JC, Hassig CA. Cardiac Glycosides Activate the Tumor Suppressor and Viral Restriction Factor Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (PML). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152692. [PMID: 27031987 PMCID: PMC4816303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs), inhibitors of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), used clinically to treat heart failure, have garnered recent attention as potential anti-cancer and anti-viral agents. A high-throughput phenotypic screen designed to identify modulators of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear body (NB) formation revealed the CG gitoxigenin as a potent activator of PML. We demonstrate that multiple structurally distinct CGs activate the formation of PML NBs and induce PML protein SUMOylation in an NKA-dependent fashion. CG effects on PML occur at the post-transcriptional level, mechanistically distinct from previously described PML activators and are mediated through signaling events downstream of NKA. Curiously, genomic deletion of PML in human cancer cells failed to abrogate the cytotoxic effects of CGs and other apoptotic stimuli such as ceramide and arsenic trioxide that were previously shown to function through PML in mice. These findings suggest that alternative pathways can compensate for PML loss to mediate apoptosis in response to CGs and other apoptotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Milutinovic
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Susanne Heynen-Genel
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Chao
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Antimone Dewing
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Solano
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Loribelle Milan
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Nikki Barron
- Bemer USA, LLC, Carlsbad, CA, United States of America
| | - Min He
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Paul W. Diaz
- P.William Diaz, Pharmaceutical Consulting, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Shu-ichi Matsuzawa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - John C. Reed
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
| | - Christian A. Hassig
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States of America
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11
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Guan D, Kao HY. The function, regulation and therapeutic implications of the tumor suppressor protein, PML. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:60. [PMID: 26539288 PMCID: PMC4632682 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML), was originally identified in acute promyelocytic leukemia due to a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17. PML is the core component of subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), which are disrupted in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. PML plays important roles in cell cycle regulation, survival and apoptosis, and inactivation or down-regulation of PML is frequently found in cancer cells. More than 120 proteins have been experimentally identified to physically associate with PML, and most of them either transiently or constitutively co-localize with PML-NBs. These interactions are associated with many cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, transcriptional regulation, DNA repair and intermediary metabolism. Importantly, PML inactivation in cancer cells can occur at the transcriptional-, translational- or post-translational- levels. However, only a few somatic mutations have been found in cancer cells. A better understanding of its regulation and its role in tumor suppression will provide potential therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss the role of PML in multiple tumor suppression pathways and summarize the players and stimuli that control PML protein expression or subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Lee SH, Jeong HM, Han Y, Cheong H, Kang BY, Lee KY. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates the osteogenic activity of Osterix. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 400:32-40. [PMID: 25463757 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osterix is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. The mechanism of regulation of Osterix by post-translational modification remains unknown. Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1 (Pin1) catalyzes the isomerization of pSer/Thr-Pro bonds and induces a conformational change in its substrates, subsequently regulating diverse cellular processes. In this study, we demonstrated that Pin1 interacts with Osterix and influences its protein stability and transcriptional activity. This regulation is likely due to the suppression of poly-ubiquitination-mediated proteasomal degradation of Osterix. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Pin1 is a novel regulator of Osterix and may play an essential role in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Min Jeong
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Younho Han
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Cheong
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok Yun Kang
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Abstract
Proline-directed phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that is instrumental in regulating signaling from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, and its dysregulation contributes to cancer development. Protein interacting with never in mitosis A1 (Pin1), which is overexpressed in many types of cancer, isomerizes specific phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro bonds in many substrate proteins, including glycolytic enzyme, protein kinases, protein phosphatases, methyltransferase, lipid kinase, ubiquitin E3 ligase, DNA endonuclease, RNA polymerase, and transcription activators and regulators. This Pin1-mediated isomerization alters the structures and activities of these proteins, thereby regulating cell metabolism, cell mobility, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lu
- 1] Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA [2] Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA [3] Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Guan D, Lim JH, Peng L, Liu Y, Lam M, Seto E, Kao HY. Deacetylation of the tumor suppressor protein PML regulates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1340. [PMID: 25032863 PMCID: PMC4123062 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a tumor suppressor that is expressed at a low level in various cancers. Although post-translational modifications including SUMOylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination have been found to regulate the stability or activity of PML, little is known about the role of its acetylation in the control of cell survival. Here we demonstrate that acetylation of lysine 487 (K487) and SUMO1 conjugation of K490 at PML protein are mutually exclusive. We found that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promotes PML deacetylation and identified SIRT1 and SIRT5 as PML deacetylases. Both SIRT1 and SIRT5 are required for H2O2-mediated deacetylation of PML and accumulation of nuclear PML protein in HeLa cells. Knockdown of SIRT1 reduces the number of H2O2-induced PML-nuclear bodies (NBs) and increases the survival of HeLa cells. Ectopic expression of wild-type PML but not the K487R mutant rescues H2O2-induced cell death in SIRT1 knockdown cells. Furthermore, ectopic expression of wild-type SIRT5 but not a catalytic defective mutant can also restore H2O2-induced cell death in SIRT1 knockdown cells. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism in which SIRT1/SIRT5-mediated PML deacetylation plays a role in the regulation of cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J H Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - L Peng
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - M Lam
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Seto
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - H-Y Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Gamell C, Jan Paul P, Haupt Y, Haupt S. PML tumour suppression and beyond: Therapeutic implications. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2653-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Cheng X, Guo S, Liu Y, Chu H, Hakimi P, Berger NA, Hanson RW, Kao HY. Ablation of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) re-patterns energy balance and protects mice from obesity induced by a Western diet. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29746-59. [PMID: 23986437 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.487595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia protein is a well known tumor suppressor, but its role in metabolism is largely unknown. Mice with a deletion in the gene for PML (KO mice) exhibit altered gene expression in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, an accelerated rate of fatty acid metabolism, abnormal glucose metabolism, constitutive AMP-activating kinase (AMPK) activation, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Last, an increased rate of energy expenditure protects PML KO mice from the effects of obesity induced by a Western diet. Collectively, our study uncovers a previously unappreciated role of PML in the regulation of metabolism and energy balance in mice.
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Guan D, Factor D, Liu Y, Wang Z, Kao HY. The epigenetic regulator UHRF1 promotes ubiquitination-mediated degradation of the tumor-suppressor protein promyelocytic leukemia protein. Oncogene 2013; 32:3819-28. [PMID: 22945642 PMCID: PMC3578017 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is a tumor suppressor originally identified in acute promyelocytic leukemia and implicated in tumorigenesis in multiple forms of cancer. Here, we demonstrate that the PML protein undergoes ubiquitination-mediated degradation facilitated by an E3 ligase UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1), which is commonly upregulated in various human malignancies. Furthermore, UHRF1 negatively regulates PML protein accumulation in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), HEK 293 cells and cancer cells. Knockdown of UHRF1 upregulates whereas ectopic overexpression of UHRF1 downregulates protein abundance of endogenous or exogenous PML, doing so through its binding to the N-terminus of PML. Overexpression of wild-type UHRF1 shortens PML protein half-life and promotes PML polyubiquitination, whereas deletion of the RING domain or coexpression of the dominant-negative E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, E2D2, attenuates this modification to PML. Finally, knockdown of UHRF1 prolongs PML half-life and increases PML protein accumulation, yet inhibits cell migration and in vitro capillary tube formation, whereas co-knockdown of PML compromises this inhibitory effect. These findings suggest that UHRF1 promotes the turnover of PML protein, and thus targeting UHRF1 to restore PML-mediated tumor suppression represents a promising, novel, anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D Factor
- Department of Biochemistry and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - H-Y Kao
- Department of Biochemistry and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA
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18
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Abstract
The role of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein has been widely tested in many different contexts, as attested by the hundreds of papers present in the literature. In most of these studies, PML is regarded as a tumor suppressor, a notion on the whole accepted by the scientific community. In this review, we examine how the concept of tumor-suppressor gene has evolved until now and then systematically assess whether this assumption for PML is supported by unambiguous experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Mazza
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology , Milan , Italy
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Nisole S, Maroui MA, Mascle XH, Aubry M, Chelbi-Alix MK. Differential Roles of PML Isoforms. Front Oncol 2013; 3:125. [PMID: 23734343 PMCID: PMC3660695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha in patients suffering from acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Treatment of APL patients with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) reverses the disease phenotype by a process involving the degradation of the fusion protein via its PML moiety. Several PML isoforms are generated from a single PML gene by alternative splicing. They share the same N-terminal region containing the RBCC/tripartite motif but differ in their C-terminal sequences. Recent studies of all the PML isoforms reveal the specific functions of each. Here, we review the nomenclature and structural organization of the PML isoforms in order to clarify the various designations and classifications found in different databases. The functions of the PML isoforms and their differential roles in antiviral defense also are reviewed. Finally, the key players involved in the degradation of the PML isoforms in response to As2O3 or other inducers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Nisole
- INSERM UMR-S 747 Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
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20
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Wolyniec K, Carney DA, Haupt S, Haupt Y. New Strategies to Direct Therapeutic Targeting of PML to Treat Cancers. Front Oncol 2013; 3:124. [PMID: 23730625 PMCID: PMC3656422 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor function of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein was first identified as a result of its dysregulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia, however, its importance is now emerging far beyond hematological neoplasms, to an extensive range of malignancies, including solid tumors. In response to stress signals, PML coordinates the regulation of numerous proteins, which activate fundamental cellular processes that suppress tumorigenesis. Importantly, PML itself is the subject of specific post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation, acetylation, and SUMOylation, which in turn control PML activity and stability and ultimately dictate cellular fate. Improved understanding of the regulation of this key tumor suppressor is uncovering potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Targeting the key negative regulators of PML in cancer cells such as casein kinase 2, big MAP kinase 1, and E6-associated protein, with specific inhibitors that are becoming available, provides unique and exciting avenues for restoring tumor suppression through the induction of apoptosis and senescence. These approaches could be combined with DNA damaging drugs and cytokines that are known to activate PML. Depending on the cellular context, reactivation or enhancement of tumor suppressive PML functions, or targeted elimination of aberrantly functioning PML, may provide clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wolyniec
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dennis A. Carney
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumour Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreEast Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
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21
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Kim JH, Jung JH, Kim SH, Jeong SJ. Decursin exerts anti-cancer activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via inhibition of the Pin1 activity and enhancement of the Pin1/p53 association. Phytother Res 2013; 28:238-44. [PMID: 23580332 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 is overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer cells and thus considered as an important target molecule for cancer therapy. This study demonstrates that decursin, a bioactive compound from Angelica gigas, exert the anti-cancer effect against breast cancer cells via regulation of Pin1 and its related signaling molecules. We observed that decursin induced G1 arrest with decrease in cyclin D1 level in Pin1-expressing breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, but not Pin1-non-expressing breast cancer cells MDA-MB-157. In addition, decursin significantly reduced protein expression and enzymatic activity of Pin1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, we found that decursin treatment enhanced the p53 expression level and failed to down-regulate Pin1 in the cells transfected with p53 siRNA, indicating the importance of p53 in the decursin-mediated Pin1 inhibition in MDA-MB-231 cells. Decursin stimulated association between Pin1 to p53. Moreover, decursin facilitated p53 transcription in MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, our current study suggests the potential of decursin as an attractive cancer therapeutic agent for breast cancer by targeting Pin1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
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22
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PML-mediated signaling and its role in cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:1475-84. [PMID: 23563177 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, initially discovered as a part of the PML/retinoic acid receptor alpha fusion protein, has been found to be a critical player in oncogenesis and tumor progression. Multiple cellular activities, including DNA repair, alternative lengthening of telomeres, transcriptional control, apoptosis and senescence, are regulated by PML and its featured subcellular structure, the PML nuclear body. In correspondence with its role in many important life processes, PML mediates several complex downstream signaling pathways. The determinant function of PML in tumorigenesis and cancer progression raises the interest in its involvement in cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells that share properties with stem cells and are critical for tumor propagation. Recently, there are exciting discoveries concerning the requirement of PML in CSC maintenance. Growing evidences strongly suggest a positive role of PML in regulating CSCs in both hematopoietic cancers and solid tumors, whereas the underlying mechanisms may be different and remain elusive. Here we summarize and discuss the PML-mediated signaling pathways in cancers and their potential roles in regulating CSCs.
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23
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Rabellino A, Scaglioni PP. PML Degradation: Multiple Ways to Eliminate PML. Front Oncol 2013; 3:60. [PMID: 23526763 PMCID: PMC3605509 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia tumor suppressor gene (PML) critically regulates several cellular functions that oppose tumorigenesis such as oncogene-induced senescence, apoptosis, the response to DNA damage and to viral infections. PML deficiency occurs commonly in a broad spectrum of human cancers through mechanisms that involve its aberrant ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, several viruses encode viral proteins that promote viral replication through degradation of PML. These observations suggest that restoration of PML should lead to potent antitumor effects or antiviral responses. In this review we will summarize the mechanisms involved in PML degradation with the intent to highlight novel therapeutic strategies to trigger PML restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rabellino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA
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24
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Cheng X, Kao HY. Post-translational modifications of PML: consequences and implications. Front Oncol 2013; 2:210. [PMID: 23316480 PMCID: PMC3539660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) predominantly resides in a structurally distinct sub-nuclear domain called PML nuclear bodies. Emerging evidences indicated that PML actively participates in many aspects of cellular processes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying PML regulation in response to stress and environmental cues are not complete. Post-translational modifications, such as SUMOylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination of PML add a complex layer of regulation to the physiological function of PML. In this review, we discuss the fast-moving horizon of post-translational modifications targeting PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospital of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospital of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH, USA
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25
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Danielpour D. Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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26
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Schmitz ML, Grishina I. Regulation of the tumor suppressor PML by sequential post-translational modifications. Front Oncol 2012; 2:204. [PMID: 23293771 PMCID: PMC3533183 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate multiple biological functions of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein and also the fission, disassembly, and rebuilding of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) during the cell cycle. Pathway-specific PML modification patterns ensure proper signal output from PML-NBs that suit the specific functional requirements. Here we comprehensively review the signaling pathways and enzymes that modify PML and also the oncogenic PML-RARα fusion protein. Many PTMs occur in a hierarchical and timely organized fashion. Phosphorylation or acetylation constitutes typical starting points for many PML modifying events, while degradative ubiquitination is an irreversible end point of the modification cascade. As this hierarchical organization of PTMs frequently turns phosphorylation events as primordial events, kinases or phosphatases regulating PML phosphorylation may be interesting drug targets to manipulate the downstream modifications and thus the stability and function of PML or PML-RARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lienhard Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig University, German Center for Lung Research Giessen, Germany
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27
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Mizuguchi H, Miyagi K, Terao T, Sakamoto N, Yamawaki Y, Adachi T, Ono S, Sasaki Y, Yoshimura Y, Kitamura Y, Takeda N, Fukui H. PMA-induced dissociation of Ku86 from the promoter causes transcriptional up-regulation of histamine H(1) receptor. Sci Rep 2012; 2:916. [PMID: 23209876 PMCID: PMC3512088 DOI: 10.1038/srep00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) gene is up-regulated in patients with allergic rhinitis, and its expression level strongly correlates with the severity of symptoms. However, the mechanism underlying this remains unknown. Here we report the mechanism of H1R gene up-regulation. The luciferase assay revealed the existence of two promoter regions, A and B1. Two AP-1 and one Ets-1 bound to region A, while Ku86, Ku70, and PARP-1 bound to region B1. Ku86 was responsible for DNA binding and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated in response to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate stimulation, inducing its dissociation from region B1 that is crucial for promoter activity. Knockdown of Ku86 gene enhanced up-regulation of H1R gene expression. Experiments using inhibitors for MEK and PARP-1 indicate that regions A and B1 are downstream regulatory elements of the PKCδ/ERK/PARP-1 signaling pathway. Data suggest a novel mechanism for the up-regulation of H1R gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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28
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Chen RH, Lee YR, Yuan WC. The role of PML ubiquitination in human malignancies. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:81. [PMID: 22935031 PMCID: PMC3438505 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressors are frequently downregulated in human cancers and understanding of the mechanisms through which tumor cells restrict the expression of tumor suppressors is important for the prognosis and intervention of diseases. The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein plays a critical role in multiple tumor suppressive functions, such as growth inhibition, apoptosis, replicative senescence, suppression of oncogenic transformation, and inhibition of migration and angiogenesis. These tumor suppression functions are recapitulated in several mouse models. The expression of PML protein is frequently downregulated in diverse types of human tumors and this downregulation often correlates with tumor progression. Recent evidence has emerged that PML is aberrantly degraded in various types of tumors through ubiquitination-dependent mechanisms. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the PML ubiquitination/degradation pathways in human cancers. We point out that multiple pathways lead to PML ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, the PML ubiquitination processes are often dependent on other types of posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, prolylisomerization, and sumoylation. Such feature indicates a highly regulated nature of PML ubiquitination in different cellular conditions and cell contexts, thus providing many avenues of opportunity to intervene PML ubiquitination pathways. We discuss the potential of targeting PML ubiquitination pathways for anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Inactivation of RUNX3 in mice results in spontaneous mammary gland tumors, and decreased or silenced expression of RUNX3 is frequently found in breast cancer cell lines and human breast cancer samples. However, the underlying mechanism for initiating RUNX3 inactivation in breast cancer remains elusive. Here, we identify prolyl-isomerase Pin1, which is often over-expressed in breast cancer, as a key regulator of RUNX3 inactivation. In human breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer samples, expression of Pin1 inversely correlates with the expression of RUNX3. In addition, Pin1 recognizes four phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in RUNX3 via its WW domain. Binding of Pin1 to RUNX3 suppresses the transcriptional activity of RUNX3. Furthermore, Pin1 reduces the cellular levels of RUNX3 in an isomerase activity-dependent manner by inducing the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of RUNX3. Knocking down Pin1 enhances the cellular levels and transcriptional activity of RUNX3 by inhibiting the ubiquitination and degradation of RUNX3. Our results identify Pin1 as a new regulator of RUNX3 inactivation in breast cancer.
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