1
|
Hayat M, Syed RA, Qaiser H, Uzair M, Al-Regaiey K, Khallaf R, Albassam LAM, Kaleem I, Wang X, Wang R, Bhatti MS, Bashir S. Decoding molecular mechanisms: brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:2279-2299. [PMID: 39104174 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex morphological, anatomical, physiological, and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries. The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions, but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Beyond these observable, mild morphological shifts, significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain. Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health, especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition. This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes, differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Hayat
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafay Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Qaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Regaiey
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Khallaf
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS University), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
- Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mehwish S Bhatti
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Z, Vallega KA, Boda VK, Quan Z, Wang D, Fan S, Wang Q, Ramalingam SS, Li W, Sun S. Targeting Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-2 (TRPM2) Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Third Generation EGFR Inhibitors against EGFR Mutant Lung Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310126. [PMID: 39044361 PMCID: PMC11425210 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to fully understand the biology of third generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), particularly osimertinib, and to develop mechanism-driven strategies to manage their acquired resistance. Transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) functions as an important regulator of Ca2+ influx, but its role in mediating therapeutic efficacies of EGFR-TKIs and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs has been rarely studied. This study has demonstrated a previously undiscovered role of suppression of TRPM2 and subsequent inhibition of Ca2+ influx and induction of ROS and DNA damage in mediating apoptosis induction and the therapeutic efficacy of osimertinib against EGFR mutant NSCLC. The rebound elevation represents a key mechanism accounting for the emergence of acquired resistance to osimertinib and other third generation EGFR-TKIs. Accordingly, targeting TRPM2 is a potentially promising strategy for overcoming and preventing acquired resistance to osimertinib, warranting further study in this direction including the development of cancer therapy-optimized TRPM2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyEmory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlantaGA30047USA
| | - Karin A. Vallega
- Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyEmory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlantaGA30047USA
| | - Vijay K. Boda
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN38163USA
| | - Zihan Quan
- Department of PathologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011P. R. China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyEmory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlantaGA30047USA
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of PathologyThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410011P. R. China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou450008P. R. China
| | - Suresh S. Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyEmory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlantaGA30047USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN38163USA
| | - Shi‐Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical OncologyEmory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlantaGA30047USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moon JW, Hong BJ, Kim SK, Park MS, Lee H, Lee J, Kim MY. Systematic identification of a synthetic lethal interaction in brain-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216781. [PMID: 38494150 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (LuAC) presents a significant clinical challenge due to the short latency and the lack of efficient treatment options. Therefore, identification of molecular vulnerabilities in metastatic LuAC holds great importance in the development of therapeutic drugs against this disease. In this study, we performed a genome-wide siRNA screening using poorly and highly brain-metastatic LuAC cell lines. Using this approach, we discovered that compared to poorly metastatic LuAC (LuAC-Par) cells, brain-metastatic LuAC (LuAC-BrM) cells exhibited a significantly higher vulnerability to c-FLIP (an inhibitor of caspase-8)-depletion-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated that c-FLIP knockdown specifically inhibited growth of LuAC-BrM, but not the LuAC-Par, tumors, suggesting the addiction of LuAC-BrM to the function of c-FLIP for their survival. Our in vitro and in vivo analyses also demonstrated that LuAC-BrM is more sensitive to c-FLIP-depletion due to ER stress-induced activation of the c-JUN and subsequent induction of stress genes including ATF4 and DDIT3. Finally, we found that c-JUN not only sensitized LuAC-BrM to c-FLIP-depletion-induced cell death but also promoted brain metastasis in vivo, providing strong evidence for c-JUN's function as a double-edged sword in LuAC-BrM. Collectively, our findings not only reveal a novel link between c-JUN, brain metastasis, and c-FLIP addiction in LuAC-BrM but also present an opportunity for potential therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hohyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - JiWon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Cancer Metastasis Control Center, Daejeon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao W, Yu D, Zhai Y, Sun SY. ALK inhibitors downregulate the expression of death receptor 4 in ALK-mutant lung cancer cells via facilitating Fra-1 and c-Jun degradation and subsequent AP-1 suppression. Neoplasia 2023; 42:100908. [PMID: 37192591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The successful treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring chromosomal rearrangements of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) represents a promising targeted therapy. As a result, various ALK-TKIs have been rapidly developed, some of which are approved while some are being tested in clinical trials. Death receptor 4 (DR4; also called TNFRSF10A or TRAIL-R1) is a cell surface protein, which functions as a pro-apoptotic protein that transduces TRAIL death signaling to trigger apoptosis. DR4 expression is positively regulated by MEK/ERK signaling and thus can be downregulated by MEK/ERK inhibition. This study thus focused on determining the effects of AKL-TKIs on DR4 expression and the underlying mechanisms. Three tested ALK-TKIs including APG-2449, brigatinib and alectinib effectively and preferentially inhibited Akt/mTOR as well as MEK/ERK signaling and decreased cell survival in ALK-mutant (ALKm) NSCLC cells with induction of apoptosis. This was also true for DR4 downregulation, which occurred even at 2 h post treatment. These ALK-TKIs did not affect DR4 protein stability, rather decreased DR4 mRNA expression. In parallel, they promoted degradation and reduced the levels of Fra-1 and c-Jun, two critical components of AP-1, and suppressed AP-1 (Fra-1/c-Jun)-dependent transcription/expression of DR4. Hence, it appears that ALK-TKIs downregulate DR4 expression in ALKm NSCLC cells via facilitating Fra-1 and c-Jun degradation and subsequent AP-1 suppression. Our findings thus warrant further investigation of the biological significance of DR4 downregulation in ALK-targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danlei Yu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yifan Zhai
- Ascentage Pharma (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang YY, Feng PP, Wang HF, Zhang H, Liang T, Hao XS, Wang FZ, Fei HR. Licochalcone B induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and enhances TRAIL sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110076. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
6
|
Tong J, Tan X, Risnik D, Gao M, Song X, Ermine K, Shen L, Wang S, Yu J, Zhang L. BET protein degradation triggers DR5-mediated immunogenic cell death to suppress colorectal cancer and potentiate immune checkpoint blockade. Oncogene 2021; 40:6566-6578. [PMID: 34615996 PMCID: PMC8642302 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins are epigenetic readers that play a critical role in oncogenesis by controlling the expression of oncogenes such as c-Myc. Targeting BET family proteins has recently emerged as a promising anticancer strategy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which cancer cells respond to BET inhibition are not well understood. In this study, we found that inducing the degradation of BET proteins by the proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) approach potently suppressed the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC) including patient-derived tumors. Mechanistically, BET degradation transcriptionally activates Death Receptor 5 (DR5) to trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) in CRC cells. Enhanced DR5 induction further sensitizes CRC cells with a mutation in Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP). Furthermore, DR5 is indispensable for a striking antitumor effect of combining BET degradation and anti-PD-1 antibody, which was well tolerated in mice and almost eradicated syngeneic tumors. Our results demonstrate that BET degradation triggers DR5-mediated ICD to potently suppress CRC and potentiate immune checkpoint blockade. These results provide a rationale, mechanistic insights, and potential biomarkers for developing a precision CRC therapy by inducing BET protein degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Tong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiao Tan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Denise Risnik
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Man Gao
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiangping Song
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Kaylee Ermine
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng L, Vallega KA, Zhang S, Shi P, Sun SY. MET inhibition downregulates DR4 expression in MET-amplified lung cancer cells with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors through suppressing AP-1-mediated transcription. Neoplasia 2021; 23:766-774. [PMID: 34233230 PMCID: PMC8260959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 4 (DR4) is a cell surface protein that is generally thought to mediate apoptosis upon binding to its ligand named TRAIL. However, its contribution to apoptosis resistance has also been reported. MET (or c-MET) gene amplification represents an important mechanism for acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) against EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study focuses on demonstrating the impact of MET inhibition on DR4 modulation in MET-amplified EGFR mutant NSCLC cell lines and the underlying mechanisms. Several MET inhibitors decreased DR4 levels in MET-amplified HCC827 cell lines resistant to EGFR-TKIs with no or limited effects on modulating DR5 levels, while increasing DR4 levels in HCC827 parental cells and other NSCLC cell lines. MET inhibitors did not affect DR4 stability, but decreased DR4 mRNA levels with suppression of AP-1-dependent DR4 promoter transactivation. Moreover, these inhibitors suppressed ERK and c-Jun phosphorylation accompanied with decreasing c-Jun levels. Hence, it is likely that MET inhibition downregulates DR4 expression in MET-amplified EGFR mutant NSCLC cells through suppressing AP-1-mediated DR4 transcription. Osimertinib combined with MET inhibition synergistically induces apoptosis in the MET-amplified EGFR mutant NSCLC cells accompanied with augmented DR4 reduction both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MET inhibition combined with TRAIL enhanced killing of MET-amplified EGFR mutant HCC827/AR cells, but not HCC827 parental cells. These data collectively suggest that DR4 may possess an unrecognized anti-apoptotic function, contributing to apoptosis resistance under given conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Deng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karin A Vallega
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Puyu Shi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Regulation of Cancer Metastasis by TRAIL/Death Receptor Signaling. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040499. [PMID: 33810241 PMCID: PMC8065657 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Death ligands such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; TNFSF10) and their corresponding death receptors (e.g., DR5) not only initiate apoptosis through activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway but also exert non-apoptotic biological functions such as regulation of inflammation and cancer metastasis. The involvement of the TRAIL/death receptor signaling pathway in the regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis is complex as both positive and negative roles have been reported. The underlying molecular mechanisms are even more complicated. This review will focus on discussing current knowledge in our understanding of the involvement of TRAIL/death receptor-mediated signaling in the regulation of cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Y, Zhu X, Jia X, Hou W, Zhou G, Ma Z, Yu B, Pi Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang G. Phosphorylation of Msx1 promotes cell proliferation through the Fgf9/18-MAPK signaling pathway during embryonic limb development. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:11452-11467. [PMID: 33080014 PMCID: PMC7672426 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Msh homeobox (Msx) is a subclass of homeobox transcriptional regulators that control cell lineage development, including the early stage of vertebrate limb development, although the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we demonstrate that Msx1 promotes the proliferation of myoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by enhancing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Msx1 directly binds to and upregulates the expression of fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) and Fgf18. Accordingly, knockdown or antibody neutralization of Fgf9/18 inhibits Msx1-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) phosphorylation. Mechanistically, we determined that the phosphorylation of Msx1 at Ser136 is critical for enhancing Fgf9 and Fgf18 expression and cell proliferation, and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is apparently responsible for Ser136 phosphorylation. Furthermore, mesenchymal deletion of Msx1/2 results in decreased Fgf9 and Fgf18 expression and Erk1/2 phosphorylation, which leads to serious defects in limb development in mice. Collectively, our findings established an important function of the Msx1-Fgf-MAPK signaling axis in promoting cell proliferation, thus providing a new mechanistic insight into limb development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Xiang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wanwan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhangjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yan Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cartland SP, Lin RCY, Genner S, Patil MS, Martínez GJ, Barraclough JY, Gloss B, Misra A, Patel S, Kavurma MM. Vascular transcriptome landscape of Trail -/- mice: Implications and therapeutic strategies for diabetic vascular disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:9547-9562. [PMID: 32501591 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902785r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating plasma TRAIL levels are suppressed in patients with cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. To identify novel targets in vascular metabolic diseases, genome-wide transcriptome of aortic tissue from Trail-/- versus Trail+/+ mice were interrogated. We found 861 genes differentially expressed with TRAIL deletion. Gene enrichment analyses showed many of these genes were related to inflammation, cell-to-cell cytoskeletal interactions, and transcriptional modulation. We identified vascular protective and pathological gene clusters, with Ifi205 as the most significantly reduced vascular protective gene, whereas Glut1, the most significantly increased pathological gene with TRAIL deletion. We hypothesized that therapeutic targets could be devised from such integrated analysis and validated our findings from vascular tissues of diabetic mice. From the differentially expressed gene targets, enriched transcription factor (TF) and microRNA binding motifs were identified. The top two TFs were Elk1 and Sp1, with enrichment to eight gene targets common to both. miR-520d-3p and miR-377-3p were the top enriched microRNAs with TRAIL deletion; with four overlapping genes enriched for both microRNAs. Our findings offer an alternate in silico approach for therapeutic target identification and present a deeper understanding of gene signatures and pathways altered with TRAIL suppression in the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Genner
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manisha S Patil
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gonzalo J Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Y Barraclough
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Gloss
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zong D, Gu J, Cavalcante GC, Yao W, Zhang G, Wang S, Owonikoko TK, He X, Sun SY. BRD4 Levels Determine the Response of Human Lung Cancer Cells to BET Degraders That Potently Induce Apoptosis through Suppression of Mcl-1. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2380-2393. [PMID: 32156781 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer consists of approximately 80% non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 20% small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide despite advances in early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Thus, novel therapies are still urgently needed. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins, primarily comprised of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 proteins, function as epigenetic readers and master transcription coactivators and are now recognized cancer therapeutic targets. BET degraders such as ZBC260 and dBET represent a novel class of BET inhibitors that act by inducing BET degradation. The current study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacies of BET degraders, particularly ZBC260, against lung cancer, as well as understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying molecular markers that determine cell sensitivity to BET degraders. A panel of NSCLC cell lines possessed similar response patterns to ZBC260 and dBET but different responses to BET inhibitor JQ-1. BRD levels, particularly BRD4, correlated positively with high sensitivity to BET degraders but not to JQ-1. BET degraders potently induced apoptosis in sensitive NSCLC cells and were accompanied by reduction of Mcl-1 and c-FLIP levels, which are critical for mediating induction of apoptosis and enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, ZBC260 exerted more potent activity than JQ-1 in vivo against the growth of NSCLC xenografts and patient-derived xenografts. These findings warrant future clinical validation of the efficacy of BET degraders in NSCLC, particularly those with high levels of BRD proteins, especially BRD4. SIGNIFICANCE: The current study demonstrates the potential of novel BET degraders in the treatment of lung cancer and warrants clinical validation of BET degraders in lung cancer with high levels of BRD4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jiajia Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Giovanna C Cavalcante
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Weilong Yao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang J, Zhao X, Li S, Xing X, Wang H, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Protective mechanism of artemisinin on rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide via activation of c-Raf-Erk1/2-p90 rsk-CREB pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 31655619 PMCID: PMC6815409 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation is one of the new therapeutic strategies for treating ischemic brain and heart tissues. However, the poor survival rate of transplanted BMSCs in ischemic tissue, due to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), limits the therapeutic efficacy of this approach. Considering that BMSC survival may greatly enhance the effectiveness of transplantation therapy, development of effective therapeutics capable of mitigating oxidative stress-induced BMSC apoptosis is an important unmet clinical need. Methods BMSCs were isolated from the 4-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats by whole bone marrow adherent culturing, and the characteristics were verified by morphology, immunophenotype, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation potential. BMSCs were pretreated with artemisinin, and H2O2 was used to induce apoptosis. Cell viability was detected by MTT, FACS, LDH, and Hoechst 33342 staining assays. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured by JC-1 assay. The apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI and Caspase 3 Activity Assay kits. ROS level was evaluated by using CellROX® Deep Red Reagent. SOD, CAT, and GPx enzymatic activities were assessed separately using Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD Assay Kit with WST-8, Catalase Assay Kit, and Total Glutathione Peroxidase Assay Kit. The effects of artemisinin on protein expression of BMSCs including p-Erk1/2, t-Erk1/2, p-c-Raf, p-p90rsk, p-CREB, BCL-2, Bax, p-Akt, t-Akt, β-actin, and GAPDH were measured by western blotting. Results We characterized for the first time the protective effect of artemisinin, an anti-malaria drug, using oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in vitro, in rat BMSC cultures. We found that artemisinin, at clinically relevant concentrations, improved BMSC survival by reduction of ROS production, increase of antioxidant enzyme activities including SOD, CAT, and GPx, in correlation with decreased Caspase 3 activation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis, all induced by H2O2. Artemisinin significantly increased extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) phosphorylation, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. PD98059, the specific inhibitor of the Erk1/2 pathway, blocked Erk1/2 phosphorylation and artemisinin protection. Similarly, decreased expression of Erk1/2 by siRNA attenuated the protective effect of artemisinin. Additionally, when the upstream activator KRAS was knocked down by siRNA, the protective effect of artemisinin was also blocked. These data strongly indicated the involvement of the Erk1/2 pathway. Consistent with this hypothesis, artemisinin increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 upstream kinases proto-oncogene c-RAF serine/threonine-protein kinase (c-Raf) and of Erk1/2 downstream targets p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (p90rsk) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In addition, we found that the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2 protein (BcL-2) was also upregulated by artemisinin. Conclusion These studies demonstrate the proof of concept of artemisinin therapeutic potential to improve survival in vitro of BMSCs exposed to ROS-induced apoptosis and suggest that artemisinin-mediated protection occurs via the activation of c-Raf-Erk1/2-p90rsk-CREB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Fang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xingan Xing
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sothern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yano S, Wu S, Sakao K, Hou DX. Involvement of ERK1/2-mediated ELK1/CHOP/DR5 pathway in 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:960-969. [PMID: 30730256 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1574206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) is a major bioactive compound in Wasabi. Although 6-MSITC is reported to have cancer chemopreventive activities in rat model, the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated the anticancer mechanisms using two types of human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116 p53+/+ and p53-/-). 6-MSITC caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in both types of cells in the same fashion. Signaling data revealed that the activation of ERK1/2, rather than p53, is recruited for 6-MSITC-induced apoptosis. 6-MSITC stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and then activated ERK1/2 signaling including ELK1 phosphorylation, and upregulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and death receptor 5 (DR5). The MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 blocked all of these molecular events induced by 6-MSITC, and enhanced the cell viability in both types of cells in the same manner. These results indicated that ERK1/2-mediated ELK1/CHOP/DR5 pathway is involved in 6-MSITC-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Abbreviations: CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein; DR5: death receptor 5; ELK1: ETS transcription factor; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; JNK: Jun-N-terminal kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK1/2: MAP/ERK kinase 1/2; 6-MSITC: 6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yano
- a Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Shusong Wu
- b Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China
| | - Kozue Sakao
- a Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan.,c Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- a Course of Biological Science and Technology, United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan.,c Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tan X, Tong J, Wang YJ, Fletcher R, Schoen RE, Yu J, Shen L, Zhang L. BET Inhibitors Potentiate Chemotherapy and Killing of SPOP-Mutant Colon Cancer Cells via Induction of DR5. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1191-1203. [PMID: 30674532 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins such as BRD4 are epigenetic readers that control expression of a number of oncogenic proteins. Targeting this family of proteins has recently emerged as a promising anticancer approach. BET inhibitors (BETi), either alone or in combination with other anticancer agents, have exhibited efficacy in a variety of tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying differential response to BETi are not well understood. In this study, we report that death receptor 5 (DR5), a key component of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, is markedly induced in response to BRD4 depletion and BETi treatment in colorectal cancer cells. Induction of DR5, following BET inhibition, was mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress and CHOP-dependent transcriptional activation. Enhanced DR5 induction was necessary for the chemosensitization and apoptotic effects of BETi and was responsible for increased BETi sensitivity in colorectal cancer cells containing a mutation in speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP), a subunit of BRD4 E3 ubiquitin ligase. In a colorectal cancer xenograft model, BETi combined with chemotherapy suppressed the tumor growth in a DR5-dependent manner and potently inhibited patient-derived xenograft tumor growth with enhanced DR5 induction and apoptosis. These findings suggest that BETi alone or in combination with chemotherapy is effective against colorectal cancer due to enhanced DR5 induction and apoptosis. DR5 induction may also serve as a useful marker for designing personalized treatment and improved colorectal cancer combination therapies.Significance: These findings reveal how BET inhibition sensitizes chemotherapy and kills a subset of colon cancer cells with specific genetic alterations and may provide a new molecular marker for improving colon cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jingshan Tong
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rochelle Fletcher
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert E Schoen
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Yu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Q, Zhang M, Xuan L, Liu Y, Chen C. Anagliptin inhibits neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury via endothelial cell-specific modulation of SOD-1/RhoA/JNK signaling in the arterial wall. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:105-116. [PMID: 29715547 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia is one of the major complications after stenting, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous study found that the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor, Anagliptin, suppresses intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury. Here, we further investigated the effects of Anagliptin on endothelial cell (EC) migration after balloon injury. The results showed that Anagliptin administration significantly reduced intimal hyperplasia by stimulating the migration of endothelial cells, but had no effect on the medial area after balloon injury. Anagliptin elevated the total plasma activity of SOD by up-regulating the level of SOD-1, but not SOD-2, after balloon injury. Meanwhile, pre-incubation with Anagliptin suppressed the hydrogen peroxide-mediated formation of oxidant species and apoptosis in HUVECs. In vitro pre-incubation with Anagliptin promoted the migration of HUVECs via the SOD-1/RhoA/JNK signaling pathway mediating the formation of F-actin. Collectively, the DPP-4 inhibitor, Anagliptin, regulates SOD-1/RhoA/ JNK-mediated HUVECs migration. The results suggest that Anagliptin could serve as a potential drug to prevent intimal hyperplasia formation after balloon injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- The Biotherapy Center, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road Harbin, PR China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Lina Xuan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oh YT, Qian G, Deng J, Sun SY. Monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein-1 enhances DR5 degradation and negatively regulates DR5 activation-induced apoptosis through its deubiquitinase function. Oncogene 2018; 37:3415-3425. [PMID: 29551769 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1; also called Regnase-1) encoded by the ZC3H12A gene critically regulates inflammatory responses and immune homeostasis primarily by RNase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. However, the relationship of MCPIP1 with apoptosis and cancer and the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. The current study has demonstrated a previously uncovered connection between MCPIP1 and the negative regulation of death receptor 5 (DR5; also known as TRAIL-R2 or killer/DR5), a cell surface receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is produced endogenously by various immune cells such as T cells. Our findings have revealed that MCPIP1 decreases both total cellular and cell surface DR5, primarily through modulating DUB-mediated protein autophagic/lysosomal degradation. Suppression of MCPIP1 by gene knockdown induces the formation of death-induced signaling complex (DISC) and enhances TRAIL or DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Moreover, we demonstrated an inverse correlation between MCPIP1 expression and DR5 expression/cell sensitivity to DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Our findings warrant future investigation of the roles of negative regulation of DR5 by MCPIP1 in cancer and in T-cell immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You-Take Oh
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guoqing Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jiusheng Deng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
ONC201 activates ER stress to inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21626-21638. [PMID: 28423492 PMCID: PMC5400611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ONC201 was previously identified as a first-in-class antitumor agent and small-molecule inducer of the TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) gene that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. ONC201 has a safety profile and is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of various malignancies. In the current study, we examine the effect of ONC201 on triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer that is sensitive to TRAIL. We find that ONC201 inhibits the growth of TNBC cells including TNBC cells that have developed acquired TRAIL resistance. However, TNBC cells that have developed acquired ONC201 resistance are cross-resistant to TRAIL. Mechanistically, ONC201 triggers an integrated stress response (ISR) involving the activation of the transcription factor ATF4. Knockdown of ATF4 impairs ONC201-induced apoptosis of TNBC cells. Importantly, the activation of ATF4 is compromised in ONC201-resistant TNBC cells. Thus, our results indicate that ONC201 induces an ISR to cause TNBC cell death and suggest that TNBC patients may benefit from ONC201-based therapies.
Collapse
|
18
|
Effect of QSKL on MAPK and RhoA Pathways in a Rat Model of Heart Failure. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3903898. [PMID: 28484504 PMCID: PMC5412174 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3903898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Qishenkeli (QSKL) is one of the Chinese medicine formulae for treating heart failure and has been shown to have an antifibrotic effect. However, the mechanism of its therapeutic effects remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore whether QSKL could exert an antifibrotic effect by attenuating ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, QSKL group, and positive control group. Heart failure was induced by ligation of the left ventricle anterior descending artery. Cardiac functions were measured by echocardiography and collagen deposition was assessed by Masson staining. Expressions of the key molecules involved in the RhoA and MAPK pathways were also measured. Twenty-one days after surgery, cardiac functions were severely impaired and collagen deposition was remarkable, while QSKL treatment could improve heart functions and alleviate collagen deposition. Further results demonstrated that the effects may be mediated by suppressing expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, expressions of RhoA, Rho-associated protein kinase 1/2 (ROCK1/2), and phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC) were also downregulated by QSKL compared with the model group. The cardioprotective mechanism of QSKL on heart failure is probably mediated by regulating both the MAPK and RhoA signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun L, Liu X, Fu H, Zhou W, Zhong D. 2-Deoxyglucose Suppresses ERK Phosphorylation in LKB1 and Ras Wild-Type Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168793. [PMID: 28033353 PMCID: PMC5198974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate ATP, namely the "Warburg" effect. 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) is well characterized as a glycolytic inhibitor, but its effect on cellular signaling pathways has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we sought to investigate the effect of 2-DG on ERK function in lung cancer cells. We found that 2-DG inhibits ERK phosphorylation in a time and dose-dependent manner in lung cancer cells. This inhibition requires functional LKB1. LKB1 knockdown in LKB1 wildtype cells correlated with an increase in the basal level of p-ERK. Restoration of LKB1 in LKB1-null cells significantly inhibits ERK activation. Blocking AMPK function with AMPK inhibitor, AMPK siRNA or DN-AMPK diminishes the inhibitory effect of 2-DG on ERK, suggesting that 2-DG—induced ERK inhibition is mediated by LKB1/AMPK signaling. Moreover, IGF1-induced ERK phosphorylation is significantly decreased by 2-DG. Conversely, a subset of oncogenic mutants of K-Ras, the main upstream regulator of ERK, blocks 2-DG—induced LKB1/AMPK signaling. These findings reveal the potential cross-talk between LKB1/AMPK and ERK signaling and help to better understand the mechanism of action of 2-DG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Department of Human Genetics Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DZ); (WZ)
| | - Diansheng Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (WZ)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fleten KG, Flørenes VA, Prasmickaite L, Hill O, Sykora J, Mælandsmo GM, Engesæter B. hvTRA, a novel TRAIL receptor agonist, induces apoptosis and sustained growth retardation in melanoma. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16081. [PMID: 28028438 PMCID: PMC5149582 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new treatment options for malignant melanoma patients have enhanced the overall survival for selected patients. Despite new hope, most melanoma patients still relapse with drug-resistant tumors or experience intrinsic resistance to the therapy. Therefore, novel treatment modalities beneficial for subgroups of patients are needed. TRAIL receptor agonists have been suggested as promising candidates for use in cancer treatment as they preferentially induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Unfortunately, the first generation of TRAIL receptor agonists showed poor clinical efficacy. hvTRA is a second-generation TRAIL receptor agonist with improved composition giving increased potency, and in the present study, we showed hvTRA-induced activation of apoptosis leading to an efficient and sustained reduction in melanoma cell growth in cell lines and xenograft models. Furthermore, the potential of hvTRA in a clinical setting was demonstrated by showing efficacy on tumor cells harvested from melanoma patients with lymph node metastasis in an ex vivo drug sensitivity assay. Inhibition of mutated BRAF has been shown to regulate proteins in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, making the cells more susceptible for apoptosis induction. In an attempt to increase the efficacy of hvTRA, combination treatment with the mutated BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib was investigated. A synergistic effect by the combination was observed for several cell lines in vitro, and an initial cytotoxic effect was observed in vivo. Unfortunately, the initial increased reduction in tumor growth compared with hvTRA mono treatment was not sustained, and this was related to downregulation of the DR5 level by vemurafenib. Altogether, the presented data imply that hvTRA efficiently induce apoptosis and growth delay in melanoma models and patient material, and the potential of this TRAIL receptor agonist should be further evaluated for treatment of subgroups of melanoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karianne G Fleten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| | - Vivi Ann Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| | - Lina Prasmickaite
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliver Hill
- Apogenix GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaromir Sykora
- Apogenix GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Birgit Engesæter
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital , Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Wang H, Wang LY, Cai D, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Chen P, Zou JX, Xu J, Chen X, Kung HJ, Chen HW. Silencing the epigenetic silencer KDM4A for TRAIL and DR5 simultaneous induction and antitumor therapy. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1886-1896. [PMID: 27612013 PMCID: PMC5071577 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant TRAIL and agonistic antibodies to death receptors (DRs) have been in clinical trial but displayed limited anti-cancer efficacy. Lack of functional DR expression in tumors is a major limiting factor. We report here that chromatin regulator KDM4A/JMJD2A, not KDM4B, has a pivotal role in silencing tumor cell expression of both TRAIL and its receptor DR5. In TRAIL-sensitive and -resistant cancer cells of lung, breast and prostate, KDM4A small-molecule inhibitor compound-4 (C-4) or gene silencing strongly induces TRAIL and DR5 expression, and causes TRAIL-dependent apoptotic cell death. KDM4A inhibition also strongly sensitizes cells to TRAIL. C-4 alone potently inhibits tumor growth with marked induction of TRAIL and DR5 expression in the treated tumors and effectively sensitizes them to the newly developed TRAIL-inducer ONC201. Mechanistically, C-4 does not appear to act through the Akt-ERK-FOXO3a pathway. Instead, it switches histone modifying enzyme complexes at promoters of TRAIL and DR5 transcriptional activator CHOP gene by dissociating KDM4A and nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR)-HDAC complex and inducing the recruitment of histone acetylase CBP. Thus, our results reveal KDM4A as a key epigenetic silencer of TRAIL and DR5 in tumors and establish inhibitors of KDM4A as a novel strategy for effectively sensitizing tumors to TRAIL pathway-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Haibin Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Demin Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zhijian Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - June X Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, China
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Research 3 Bldg, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Tel: +1 916 734 3221; Fax: +1 916 734 0190; E-mail: or
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Research 3 Bldg, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Tel: +1 916 734 3221; Fax: +1 916 734 0190; E-mail: or
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yao W, Oh YT, Deng J, Yue P, Deng L, Huang H, Zhou W, Sun SY. Expression of Death Receptor 4 Is Positively Regulated by MEK/ERK/AP-1 Signaling and Suppressed upon MEK Inhibition. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21694-21702. [PMID: 27576686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 4 (DR4) is a cell surface receptor for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and triggers apoptosis upon ligation with TRAIL or aggregation. MEK/ERK signaling is a well known and the best-studied effector pathway downstream of Ras and Raf. This study focuses on determining the impact of pharmacological MEK inhibition on DR4 expression and elucidating the underlying mechanism. We found that several MEK inhibitors including MEK162, AZD6244, and PD0325901 effectively decreased DR4 protein levels including cell surface DR4 in different cancer cell lines. Accordingly, pre-treatment of TRAIL-sensitive cancer cell lines with a MEK inhibitor desensitized them to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that MEK inhibition negatively regulates DR4 expression and cell response to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. MEK inhibitors did not alter DR4 protein stability, rather decreased its mRNA levels, suggesting a transcriptional regulation. In contrast, enforced activation of MEK/ERK signaling by expressing ectopic B-Raf (V600E) or constitutively activated MEK1 (MEK1-CA) or MEK2 (MEK2-CA) activated ERK and increased DR4 expression; these effects were inhibited when a MEK inhibitor was present. Promoter analysis through deletion and mutation identified the AP-1 binding site as an essential response element for enhancing DR4 transactivation by MEK1-CA. Furthermore, inhibition of AP-1 by c-Jun knockdown abrogated the ability of MEK1-CA to increase DR4 promoter activity and DR4 expression. These results suggest an essential role of AP-1 in mediating MEK/ERK activation-induced DR4 expression. Our findings together highlight a previously undiscovered mechanism that positively regulates DR4 expression through activation of the MEK/ERK/AP-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Yao
- From the Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China 410008 and.,the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - You-Take Oh
- the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Jiusheng Deng
- the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Ping Yue
- the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Liang Deng
- From the Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China 410008 and.,the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Henry Huang
- the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Wei Zhou
- the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- the Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Paradoxical activation of MEK/ERK signaling induced by B-Raf inhibition enhances DR5 expression and DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in Ras-mutant cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26803. [PMID: 27222248 PMCID: PMC4879700 DOI: 10.1038/srep26803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-Raf inhibitors have been used for the treatment of some B-Raf–mutated cancers. They effectively inhibit B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in cancers harboring mutant B-Raf, but paradoxically activates MEK/ERK in Ras-mutated cancers. Death receptor 5 (DR5), a cell surface pro-apoptotic protein, triggers apoptosis upon ligation with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or aggregation. This study focused on determining the effects of B-Raf inhibition on DR5 expression and DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in Ras-mutant cancer cells. Using chemical and genetic approaches, we have demonstrated that the B-Raf inhibitor PLX4032 induces DR5 upregulation exclusively in Ras-mutant cancer cells; this effect is dependent on Ras/c-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling activation. PLX4032 induces DR5 expression at transcriptional levels, largely due to enhancing CHOP/Elk1-mediated DR5 transcription. Pre-exposure of Ras-mutated cancer cells to PLX4032 sensitizes them to TRAIL-induced apoptosis; this is also a c-Raf/MEK/ERK-dependent event. Collectively, our findings highlight a previously undiscovered effect of B-Raf inhibition on the induction of DR5 expression and the enhancement of DR5 activation-induced apoptosis in Ras-mutant cancer cells and hence may suggest a novel therapeutic strategy against Ras-mutated cancer cells by driving their death due to DR5-dependent apoptosis through B-Raf inhibition.
Collapse
|
24
|
Han B, Yao W, Oh YT, Tong JS, Li S, Deng J, Yue P, Khuri FR, Sun SY. The novel proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib activates and enhances extrinsic apoptosis involving stabilization of death receptor 5. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17532-42. [PMID: 26009898 PMCID: PMC4627326 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a second generation proteasome inhibitor approved for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. It induces apoptosis in human cancer cells; but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. In the present study, we show that CFZ decreases the survival of several human cancer cell lines and induces apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis by CFZ occurs, at least in part, due to activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, since FADD deficiency protected cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. CFZ increased total and cell surface levels of DR5 in different cancer cell lines; accordingly it enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis. DR5 deficiency protected cancer cells from induction of apoptosis by CFZ either alone or in combination with TRAIL. These data together convincingly demonstrate that DR5 upregulation is a critical mechanism accounting for CFZ-induced apoptosis and enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. CFZ inhibited the degradation of DR5, suggesting that DR5 stabilization contributes to CFZ-induced DR5 upregulation. In summary, the present study highlights the important role of DR5 upregulation in CFZ-induced apoptosis and enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Han
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Weilong Yao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - You-Take Oh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jing-Shan Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiusheng Deng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Canino C, Luo Y, Marcato P, Blandino G, Pass HI, Cioce M. A STAT3-NFkB/DDIT3/CEBPβ axis modulates ALDH1A3 expression in chemoresistant cell subpopulations. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12637-53. [PMID: 25868979 PMCID: PMC4494963 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we studied the relevance and modulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) chemoresistant cell subpopulations (ALDHbright cells), which survive pemetrexed + cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo. Expression of the ALDH1A3 isoform was invariably enriched in purified ALDHbright cells from multiple MPM cell lines and accounted for the enzymatic activity of those cells. RNAi mediated downregulation of ALDH1A3 reduced the survival of the ALDHbright cells at steady state and, much more, after pemetrexed + cisplatin treatment. We demonstrated, for the first time, that a pSTAT3(tyr705)-NFkB(p65) complex is required for the repression of DDIT3 mRNA and this ensures high levels of CEBPβ-dependent ALDH1A3 promoter activity. Inhibition of STAT3-NFkB activity allowed high levels of DDIT3 expression with increased formation of a DDIT3-CEBPβ complex. This reduced the occupancy of the ALDH1A3 promoter by CEBPβ, thus largely reducing the ALDH1A3 expression. Consequently, survival of ALDHbright cells in pemetrexed + cisplatin-treated cultures was impaired, following increased apoptosis. We show that such a mechanism is relevant in vivo and underlies the action of butein, a dual STAT3-NFkB inhibitor capable of abating the chemoresistance of mesothelioma cells in vivo. The possible broad translational relevance of the described mechanism is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Canino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, USA
| | - YuYing Luo
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncogenomics Unit, Italian National Cancer Institute 'Regina Elena', Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Center-McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Mario Cioce
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Marine Drugs Regulating Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL). Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6884-909. [PMID: 26580630 PMCID: PMC4663558 DOI: 10.3390/md13116884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine biomass diversity is a tremendous source of potential anticancer compounds. Several natural marine products have been described to restore tumor cell sensitivity to TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cell death. TRAIL is involved during tumor immune surveillance. Its selectivity for cancer cells has attracted much attention in oncology. This review aims at discussing the main mechanisms by which TRAIL signaling is regulated and presenting how marine bioactive compounds have been found, so far, to overcome TRAIL resistance in tumor cells.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang H, Yang T, Wu X. 5-Fluorouracil preferentially sensitizes mutant KRAS non-small cell lung carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1815-24. [PMID: 26130327 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the KRAS gene are very common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but effective therapies targeting KRAS have yet to be developed. Interest in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a potent inducer of cell death, has increased following the observation that TRAIL can selectively kill a wide variety of human cancer cells without killing normal cells both in vitro and in xenograft models. However, results from clinical trials of TRAIL-based therapy are disappointingly modest at best and many have demonstrated a lack of therapeutic benefit. Current research has focused on selecting a subpopulation of cancer patients who may benefit from TRAIL-based therapy and identifying best drugs to work with TRAIL. In the current study, we found that NSCLC cells with a KRAS mutation were highly sensitive to treatment with TRAIL and 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Compared with other chemotherapeutic agents, 5FU displayed the highest synergy with TRAIL in inducing apoptosis in mutant KRAS NSCLC cells. We also found that, on a mechanistic level, 5FU preferentially repressed survivin expression and induced expression of TRAIL death receptor 5 to sensitize NSCLC cells to TRAIL. The combination of low-dose 5FU and TRAIL strongly inhibited xenograft tumor growth in mice. Our results suggest that the combination of TRAIL and 5FU may be beneficial for patients with mutant KRAS NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Wang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Potu H, Peterson LF, Pal A, Verhaegen M, Cao J, Talpaz M, Donato NJ. Usp5 links suppression of p53 and FAS levels in melanoma to the BRAF pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5559-69. [PMID: 24980819 PMCID: PMC4170643 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Usp5 is a deubiquitinase (DUB) previously shown to regulate unanchored polyubiquitin (Ub) chains, p53 transcriptional activity and double-strand DNA repair. In BRAF mutant melanoma cells, Usp5 activity was suppressed by BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib) in sensitive but not in acquired or intrinsically resistant cells. Usp5 knockdown overcame acquired vemurafenib resistance and sensitized BRAF and NRAS mutant melanoma cells to apoptosis initiated by MEK inhibitor, cytokines or DNA-damaging agents. Knockdown and overexpression studies demonstrated that Usp5 regulates p53 (and p73) levels and alters cell growth and cell cycle distribution associated with p21 induction. Usp5 also regulates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by modulating p53-dependent FAS expression. A small molecule DUB inhibitor (EOAI3402143) phenocopied the FAS induction and apoptotic sensitization of Usp5 knockdown and fully blocked melanoma tumor growth in mice. Overall, our results demonstrate that BRAF activates Usp5 to suppress cell cycle checkpoint control and apoptosis by blocking p53 and FAS induction; all of which can be restored by small molecule-mediated Usp5 inhibition. These results suggest that Usp5 inhibition can provide an alternate approach in recovery of diminished p53 (or p73) function in melanoma and can add to the targeted therapies already used in the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harish Potu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Luke F Peterson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anupama Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Monique Verhaegen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Juxiang Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicholas J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen JJ, Bozza WP, Di X, Zhang Y, Hallett W, Zhang B. H-Ras regulation of TRAIL death receptor mediated apoptosis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5125-37. [PMID: 25026275 PMCID: PMC4148127 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis through the death receptors (DRs) 4 and/or 5 expressed on the cell surface. Multiple clinical trials are underway to evaluate the antitumor activity of recombinant human TRAIL and agonistic antibodies to DR4 or DR5. However, their therapeutic potential is limited by the high frequency of cancer resistance. Here we provide evidence demonstrating the role of H-Ras in TRAIL receptor mediated apoptosis. By analyzing the genome wide mRNA expression data of the NCI60 cancer cell lines, we found that H-Ras expression was consistently upregulated in TRAIL-resistant cell lines. By contrast, no correlation was found between TRAIL sensitivity and K-Ras expression levels or their mutational profiles. Notably, H-Ras upregulation associated with a surface deficiency of TRAIL death receptors. Selective inhibition of H-Ras activity in TRAIL-resistant cells restored the surface expression of both DR4 and DR5 without changing their total protein levels. The resulting cells became highly susceptible to both TRAIL and agonistic DR5 antibody, whereas K-Ras inhibition had little or no effect on TRAIL-induced apoptosis, indicating H-Ras plays a distinct role in the regulation of TRAIL death receptors. Further studies are warranted to determine the therapeutic potential of H-Ras-specific inhibitors in combination with TRAIL receptor agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Chen
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States; Tumor Research Laboratory, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - William P Bozza
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Xu Di
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - William Hallett
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Haque A, Rahman MA, Fuchs JR, Chen ZG, Khuri FR, Shin DM, Amin ARMR. FLLL12 induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells through a p53/p73-independent but death receptor 5-dependent pathway. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:166-75. [PMID: 25917567 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Unlike chemotherapy drugs, the safety of natural compounds such as curcumin has been well established. However, the potential use of curcumin in cancer has been compromised by its low bioavailability, limited tissue distribution and rapid biotransformation leading to low in vivo efficacy. To circumvent these problems, more potent and bioavailable analogs have been synthesized. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of anti-tumor effect of one such analog, FLLL12, in lung cancers. IC50 values measured by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay at 72 h and apoptosis assays (annexin V staining, cleavage of PARP and caspase-3) suggest that FLLL12 is 5-10-fold more potent than curcumin against a panel of premalignant and malignant lung cancer cell lines, depending on the cell line. Moreover, FLLL12 induced the expression of death receptor-5 (DR5). Ablation of the expression of the components of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (DR5, caspase-8 and Bid) by siRNA significantly protected cells from FLLL12-induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Analysis of mRNA expression revealed that FLLL-12 had no significant effect on the expression of DR5 mRNA expression. Interestingly, inhibition of global phosphatase activity as well as protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), but not of alkaline phosphatases, strongly inhibited DR5 expression and significantly inhibited apoptosis (p < 0.05), suggesting the involvement of PTPs in the regulation of DR5 expression and apoptosis. We further showed that the apoptosis is independent of p53 and p73. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that FLLL12 induces apoptosis of lung cancer cell lines by posttranscriptional regulation of DR5 through activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abedul Haque
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mohammad A Rahman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James R Fuchs
- Deaprtment of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhuo Georgia Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadlo R Khuri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - A R M Ruhul Amin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Inhibition of B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling suppresses DR5 expression and impairs response of cancer cells to DR5-mediated apoptosis and T cell-induced killing. Oncogene 2015; 35:459-67. [PMID: 25867065 PMCID: PMC4604000 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling is an effective therapeutic strategy against certain types of cancers such as melanoma and thyroid cancer. While demonstrated to be effective anticancer agents, B-Raf or MEK inhibitors have also been associated with early tumor progression and development of secondary neoplasms. The ligation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) with its receptor, death receptor 5 (DR5), leading to induction of apoptosis, offers a promising anticancer strategy. Importantly, this is also a natural immunosurveillance mechanism against cancer development. We previously demonstrated that activated B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling positively regulates DR5 expression. Hence, our current work sought to address whether B-Raf/MEK/ERK inhibition and the consequent suppression of DR5 expression impede cancer cell response to DR5 activation-induced apoptosis and activated immune cell-induced killing. We found that both B-Raf (for example, PLX4032) and MEK inhibitors (for example, AZD6244 and PD0325901) effectively inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and reduced DR5 levels in both human thyroid cancer and melanoma cells. Similar to the observed effect of genetic knockdown of the B-Raf gene, pre-treatment of cancer cell lines with either B-Raf or MEK inhibitors attenuated or abolished cellular apoptotic response induced by TRAIL or the DR5 agonistic antibody AMG655 or cell killing by activated T cells. Our findings clearly show that inhibition of B-Raf/MEK/ERK signaling suppresses DR5 expression and impairs DR5 activation-induced apoptosis and T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells. These findings suggest a potential negative impact of B-Raf or MEK inhibition on TRAIL- or DR5-mediated anticancer therapy and on TRAIL/DR5-mediated immune-clearance of cancer cells.
Collapse
|
32
|
Twomey JD, Kim SR, Zhao L, Bozza WP, Zhang B. Spatial dynamics of TRAIL death receptors in cancer cells. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 19:13-21. [PMID: 25840763 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells without harming most normal cells. Currently, multiple clinical trials are underway to evaluate the antitumor activity of recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) and agonistic antibodies that target death receptors (DRs) 4 or 5. It is encouraging that these products have shown a tolerated safety profile in early phase studies. However, their therapeutic potential is likely limited by the emergence of tumor drug resistance phenomena. Increasing evidence indicates that TRAIL DRs are deficient on the plasma membrane of some cancer cells despite their total protein expression. Notably, the lack of surface DR4/DR5 is sufficient to render cancers resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, regardless of the status of other apoptosis signaling components. The current review highlights recent findings on the dynamic expression of TRAIL death receptors, including the regulatory roles of endocytosis, autophagy, and Ras GTPase-mediated signaling events. This information could aid in the identification of novel predictive biomarkers of tumor response as well as the development of combinational drugs to overcome or bypass tumor drug resistance to TRAIL receptor-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianne D Twomey
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Su-Ryun Kim
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Liqun Zhao
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - William P Bozza
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research IV, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The nerve growth factor signaling and its potential as therapeutic target for glaucoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:759473. [PMID: 25250333 PMCID: PMC4164261 DOI: 10.1155/2014/759473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotective therapies which focus on factors leading to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) degeneration have been drawing more and more attention. The beneficial effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the glaucoma have been recently suggested, but its effects on eye tissue are complex and controversial in various studies. Recent clinical trials of systemically and topically administrated NGF demonstrate that NGF is effective in treating several ocular diseases, including glaucoma. NGF has two receptors named high affinity NGF tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA and low affinity receptor p75NTR. Both receptors exist in cells in retina like RGC (expressing TrkA) and glia cells (expressing p75NTR). NGF functions by binding to TrkA or p75NTR alone or both together. The binding of NGF to TrkA alone in RGC promotes RGC's survival and proliferation through activation of TrkA and several prosurvival pathways. In contrast, the binding of NGF to p75NTR leads to apoptosis although it also promotes survival in some cases. Binding of NGF to both TrkA and p75NTR at the same time leads to survival in which p75NTR functions as a TrkA helping receptor. This review discusses the current understanding of the NGF signaling in retina and the therapeutic implications in the treatment of glaucoma.
Collapse
|
34
|
Nagalingam A, Kuppusamy P, Singh SV, Sharma D, Saxena NK. Mechanistic elucidation of the antitumor properties of withaferin a in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2617-29. [PMID: 24732433 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) is a steroidal lactone with antitumor effects manifested at multiple levels that are mechanistically obscure. Using a phospho-kinase screening array, we discovered that WFA activated phosphorylation of the S6 kinase RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) in breast cancer cells. Pursuing this observation, we defined activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-RSK and ETS-like transcription factor 1 (Elk1)-CHOP (C-EBP homologous protein) kinase pathways in upregulating transcription of the death receptor 5 (DR5). Through this route, WFA acted as an effective DR5 activator capable of potentiating the biologic effects of celecoxib, etoposide, and TRAIL. Accordingly, WFA treatment inhibited breast tumor formation in xenograft and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-neu mouse models in a manner associated with activation of the ERK/RSK axis, DR5 upregulation, and elevated nuclear accumulation of Elk1 and CHOP. Together, our results offer mechanistic insight into how WFA inhibits breast tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Nagalingam
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland; and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Balko JM, Schwarz LJ, Bhola NE, Kurupi R, Owens P, Miller TW, Gómez H, Cook RS, Arteaga CL. Activation of MAPK pathways due to DUSP4 loss promotes cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in basal-like breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:6346-58. [PMID: 23966295 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive disease that lacks a clinically approved targeted therapy. Traditional chemotherapy is effective in BLBC, but it spares the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like population, which is likely to contribute to cancer recurrence after the initial treatment. Dual specificity phosphatase-4 (DUSP4) is a negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that is deficient in highly aggressive BLBCs treated with chemotherapy, leading to aberrant MAPK activation and resistance to taxane-induced apoptosis. Herein, we investigated how DUSP4 regulates the MAP-ERK kinase (MEK) and c-jun-NH2-kinase (JNK) pathways in modifying CSC-like behavior. DUSP4 loss increased mammosphere formation and the expression of the CSC-promoting cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. These effects were caused in part by loss of control of the MEK and JNK pathways and involved downstream activation of the ETS-1 and c-JUN transcription factors. Enforced expression of DUSP4 reduced the CD44(+)/CD24(-) population in multiple BLBC cell lines in a MEK-dependent manner, limiting tumor formation of claudin-low SUM159PT cells in mice. Our findings support the evaluation of MEK and JNK pathway inhibitors as therapeutic agents in BLBC to eliminate the CSC population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Balko
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology; Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Perú; and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu L, Su L, Liu X. PKCδ regulates death receptor 5 expression induced by PS-341 through ATF4-ATF3/CHOP axis in human lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2174-82. [PMID: 22848091 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PS-341 (bortezomib), a proteasome inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Our previous work has shown that PS-341 induces death receptor 5 (DR5)-dependent apoptosis and enhances the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. However, the definite mechanism remains undefined. In the present study, we reveal that PKCδ and RSK2 mediate PS-341-induced DR5 upregulation, involving coactivation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We discovered that PS-341 activated ER stress through elevating the expression of BiP, p-eIF2α, IRE1α, ATF4, ATF3, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). Further study showed that DR5 upregulation was dependent on ATF4, ATF3, and CHOP expression. Silencing either one of the ATF4, ATF3, and CHOP expression decreased DR5 upregulation and subsequent apoptosis. We determined that ATF4 regulated ATF3 and CHOP expression. Thereafter, ATF3 and CHOP formed a complex and regulated DR5 expression. In addition, we discovered that the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and RSK2 were elevated after PS-341 treatment and inhibition of their phosphorylation using MAP-ERK kinase 1/2 inhibitor decreased the DR5 level, indicating that ERK/RSK2 signaling is involved in DR5 upregulation. Furthermore, we detected the cleavage of PKCδ, and the blockage of PKCδ expression cut down DR5 upregulation and apoptosis. Importantly, knockdown of PKCδ expression decreased the induction of ER stress and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and RSK2, suggesting that PKCδ regulates DR5 expression through ERK/RSK2 signaling and ATF4-CHOP/ATF3 axis. Collectively, we show that PS-341 induces PKCδ-dependent DR5 expression through activation of ERK/RSK2 and ER stress signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Xu
- Shandong University School of Life Sciences, Room 103, South Building, 27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|