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Portes AMO, Costa SFF, Leite LB, Lavorato VN, de Miranda DC, de Moura AG, Soares LL, Isoldi MC, Natali AJ. Resistance Exercise Training Mitigates Cardiac Remodeling Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Rodents: A Systematic Review. Arq Bras Cardiol 2024; 121:e20230490. [PMID: 38695409 PMCID: PMC11098569 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and is a serious public health problem. In animal models, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs cardiac structure and function and promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis. Resistance exercise training (RT), however, has been recommended as coadjutant in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, because it increases energy expenditure and stimulates lipolysis. OBJECTIVE In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the benefits of RT on the heart of rats and mice fed HFD. METHODS Original studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases from December 2007 to December 2022. This study was conducted in accordance with the criteria established by PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022369217). The risk of bias and methodological quality was evaluated by SYRCLE and CAMARADES, respectively. Eligible studies included original articles published in English that evaluated cardiac outcomes in rodents submitted to over 4 weeks of RT and controlled by a sedentary, HFD-fed control group (n = 5). RESULTS The results showed that RT mitigates cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. It also modifies the activity of structural remodeling markers, although it does not alter biometric parameters, histomorphometric parameters, or the contractile function of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that RT partially counteracts the HFD-induced adverse cardiac remodeling by increasing the activity of structural remodeling markers; elevating mitochondrial biogenesis; reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; and improving hemodynamic, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Martins Oliveira Portes
- Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG – Brasil
| | | | - Luciano Bernardes Leite
- Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brasil
| | - Victor Neiva Lavorato
- Universidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG – Brasil
| | - Denise Coutinho de Miranda
- Universidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG – Brasil
| | - Anselmo Gomes de Moura
- Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brasil
| | - Leôncio Lopes Soares
- Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brasil
| | - Mauro César Isoldi
- Universidade Federal de Ouro PretoOuro PretoMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Ouro Preto – Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG – Brasil
| | - Antônio José Natali
- Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMGBrasilUniversidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG – Brasil
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Wang B, Jadhav V, Odelade A, Chang E, Chang A, Harrison SH, Maldonado-Devincci AM, Graves JL, Han J. High fat diet reveals sex-specific fecal and liver metabolic alterations in C57BL/6J obese mice. Metabolomics 2023; 19:97. [PMID: 37999907 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern that poses significant risks for many other diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Prevalence of these diseases varies by biological sex. This study utilizes a mouse (C57BL/6J) model of obesity to analyze liver and fecal metabolic profiles at various time points of dietary exposure: 5, 9, and 12 months in control or high fat diet (HFD)-exposed mice. Our study discovered that the female HFD group has a more discernable perturbation and set of significant changes in metabolic profiles than the male HFD group. In the female mice, HFD fecal metabolites including pyruvate, aspartate, and glutamate were lower than control diet-exposed mice after both 9th and 12th month exposure time points, while lactate and alanine were significantly downregulated only at the 12th month. Perturbations of liver metabolic profiles were observed in both male and female HFD groups, compared to controls at the 12th month. Overall, the female HFD group showed higher lactate and glutathione levels compared to controls, while the male HFD group showed higher levels of glutamine and taurine compared to controls. These metabolite-based findings in both fecal and liver samples for a diet-induced effect of obesity may help guide future pioneering discoveries relating to the analysis and prevention of obesity in people, especially for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Vidya Jadhav
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Anuoluwapo Odelade
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Evelyn Chang
- Program in Liberal Medical Education, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912, USA
| | - Alex Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14852, USA
| | - Scott H Harrison
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Antoinette M Maldonado-Devincci
- Department of Psychology, Hairston College of Health and Human Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, 27411, USA
| | - Joseph L Graves
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
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Kleniewska P, Pawliczak R. Alpha-lipoic acid, apocynin or probiotics influence glutathione status and selected inflammatory parameters in C57/BL6 mice when combined with a low-fat diet. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1166-1176. [PMID: 37730940 PMCID: PMC10539412 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the potential of a low-fat diet (LFD) to protect against oxidative and inflammatory damage in the course of asthma and obesity when combined with antioxidants (alpha-lipoic acid-ALA, apocynin-APO) or a probiotic (P) (Lactobacillus casei). METHODS The experiments were carried out on ten groups of male C57/BL6 mice that were fed standard fat (SFD), low-fat (LFD), or high-fat (HFD) diets. Ovalbumin (OVA, administered subcutaneously and by inhalation) was used to sensitize the animals. IL-1α, IL-10, eotaxin-1, leptin, and TNF-α concentrations were examined in blood, while total glutathione (GSHt), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and -SH groups were measured in lung homogenates. RESULTS LFD in combination with the analyzed compounds (APO, P, ALA) significantly decreased the concentration of IL-1α compared to the OVA + HFD group (p < 0.01; p = 0.025; p = 0.002, respectively). Similarly, the treated mice demonstrated lower eotaxin-1 concentrations compared to the HFD group (p < 0.001). Moreover, supplementation of LFD with probiotics significantly increased the concentration of IL-10 vs. controls (p < 0.001) and vs. untreated OVA-sensitized and challenged/obese mice (p < 0.001). Animals administered APO/ALA with LFD displayed a significant decrease in TNF-α concentration compared to OVA + HFD mice (p = 0.013; p = 0.002 respectively). Those treated with ALA displayed significantly improved GSH levels (p = 0.035) compared to OVA + HFD mice. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of the tested compounds with LFD appears to have a positive influence on the glutathione redox status of pulmonary tissues and selected inflammatory parameters in mouse blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kleniewska
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 (Bldg 2 Rm 177), 90-752, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9 (Bldg 2 Rm 177), 90-752, Łódź, Poland
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α-Lipoic acid ameliorates inflammation state and oxidative stress by reducing the content of bioactive lipid derivatives in the left ventricle of rats fed a high-fat diet. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166440. [PMID: 35569738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA) are implicated with the occurrence of inflammation and oxidative stress. The current knowledge of AA metabolism focuses on searching for the therapeutic strategy to subvert affected AA metabolism. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of chronic α-lipoic acid (α-LA) supplementation on myocardial inflammation state and oxidative stress in obesity-related cardiovascular dysfunction. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats receiving a standard or a high-fat diets with intragastric α-LA administration for 8 weeks. Plasma and myocardial AA concentration was determined using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The Western blot technique was used to examine the expression of proteins from the inflammatory pathway. The content of selected cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress indicators was detected by ELISA, colorimetric, and multiplex assay kits. Our results revealed that α-LA caused a notable reduction in AA content, mainly in the phospholipid fraction with a simultaneous diminishment in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, i.e., prostaglandin E2, leukotrienes B4 and C4 by decreasing the expression of COX-2 and 5-LOX. α-LA also augmented the level of antioxidative SOD2 and GSH and decreased the level of lipid peroxidation products, which improved oxidative system impairment in the left ventricle tissue. The data clearly showed that α-lipoic acid has a significant role in inflammation and oxidative stress development ameliorating the risk of cardiac obesity induced by high-fat feeding.
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Kitakata H, Endo J, Matsushima H, Yamamoto S, Ikura H, Hirai A, Koh S, Ichihara G, Hiraide T, Moriyama H, Shirakawa K, Goto S, Katsumata Y, Anzai A, Kataoka M, Tokuyama T, Ishido S, Yanagi S, Fukuda K, Sano M. MITOL/MARCH5 determines the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to doxorubicin-induced ferroptosis by regulating GSH homeostasis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 161:116-129. [PMID: 34390730 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MITOL/MARCH5 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a crucial role in the control of mitochondrial quality and function. However, the significance of MITOL in cardiomyocytes under physiological and pathological conditions remains unclear. First, to determine the significance of MITOL in unstressed hearts, we assessed the cellular changes with the reduction of MITOL expression by siRNA in neonatal rat primary ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs). MITOL knockdown in NRVMs induced cell death via ferroptosis, a newly defined non-apoptotic programmed cell death, even under no stress conditions. This phenomenon was observed only in NRVMs, not in other cell types. MITOL knockdown markedly reduced mitochondria-localized GPX4, a key enzyme associated with ferroptosis, promoting accumulation of lipid peroxides in mitochondria. In contrast, the activation of GPX4 in MITOL knockdown cells suppressed lipid peroxidation and cell death. MITOL knockdown reduced the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio that regulated GPX4 expression. Indeed, the administration of GSH or N-acetylcysteine improved the expression of GPX4 and viability in MITOL-knockdown NRVMs. MITOL-knockdown increased the expression of the glutathione-degrading enzyme, ChaC glutathione-specific γ-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (Chac1). The knockdown of Chac1 restored the GSH/GSSG ratio, GPX4 expression, and viability in MITOL-knockdown NRVMs. Further, in cultured cardiomyocytes stressed with DOX, both MITOL and GPX4 were reduced, whereas forced-expression of MITOL suppressed DOX-induced ferroptosis by maintaining GPX4 content. Additionally, MITOL knockdown worsened vulnerability to DOX, which was almost completely rescued by treatment with ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. In vivo, cardiac-specific depletion of MITOL did not produce obvious abnormality, but enhanced susceptibility to DOX toxicity. Finally, administration of ferrostatin-1 suppressed exacerbation of DOX-induced myocardial damage in MITOL-knockout hearts. The present study demonstrates that MITOL determines the cell fate of cardiomyocytes via the ferroptosis process and plays a key role in regulating vulnerability to DOX treatment. (288/300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitakata
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Endo
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Shoichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Ikura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akeo Hirai
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seien Koh
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genki Ichihara
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiraide
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Moriyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Goto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Anzai
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tokuyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Science. Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yanagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, School of Life Science. Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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ALPTEKİN Ö, TUKEL SS, TURAN B, KUYUCU Y. Alterations in Antioxidant Defence Systems and Metal Profiles in Liver of Rats with Metabolic Syndrome Induced with High-Sucrose Diet. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.945582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ishihara R, Barros MPD, Silva CMD, Borges LDS, Hatanaka E, Lambertucci RH. Melatonin improves the antioxidant capacity in cardiac tissue of Wistar rats after exhaustive exercise. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:776-791. [PMID: 34100318 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1939024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of melatonin on the onset and resolution of the oxidative stress in the cardiac muscle in melatonin-treated and nontreated rats subjected to an exhaustive exercise session. Forty male rats were divided into: melatonin-treated (20 mg/kg supplemented for 10 d) and control. On the 10th day, each group was subdivided according to euthanasia moments: control or melatonin-treated not exercised (C0h and M0h); immediately after the exercise (CIA and MIA); and 2 h after exercise (C2h and M2h). The heart of animals was removed and the levels of oxidative stress index (OSI) and the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl, and the activities of aconitase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and the protein expression of CAT, GPx, and SOD was also measured. Our data revealed significant differences on: (i) OSI (p=.029), CAT activity (p=.016), CAT content (p<.001), GPx content (p=.014), reduced glutathione levels (p<.001), and aconitase activity (p<.001) for interaction of melatonin; (ii) GPx activity (p=.005), reduced glutathione (p=.004), protein carbonyl (p=.035), and TBARS levels (p=.028) between groups, and (iii) TBARS levels (p=.016) for significance between moments. Although the exhaustive exercise protocol imposed mild oxidative stress on the cardiac tissue of rats, melatonin induced antioxidant responses that rebalanced the redox status of the cardiac tissue, especially after exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ishihara
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Paes de Barros
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro da Silva Borges
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports (ICAFE), Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 reduces cardiac steatosis and lipotoxicity via activation of fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8781. [PMID: 33888830 PMCID: PMC8062525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is implicated in cardiovascular disease and heart failure. When fatty acids are transported to and not adequately oxidized in cardiac cells, they accumulate, causing lipotoxicity in the heart. Since hepatic progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (Pgrmc1) suppressed de novo lipogenesis in a previous study, it was questioned whether cardiac Pgrmc1 protects against lipotoxicity. Hence, we focused on the role of cardiac Pgrmc1 in basal (Resting), glucose-dominant (Refed) and lipid-dominant high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. Pgrmc1 KO mice showed high FFA levels and low glucose levels compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Pgrmc1 KO mice presented low number of mitochondrial DNA copies in heart, and it was concomitantly observed with low expression of TCA cycle genes and oxidative phosphorylation genes. Pgrmc1 absence in heart presented low fatty acid oxidation activity in all conditions, but the production of acetyl-CoA and ATP was in pronounced suppression only in HFD condition. Furthermore, HFD Pgrmc1 KO mice resulted in high cardiac fatty acyl-CoA levels and TG level. Accordingly, HFD Pgrmc1 KO mice were prone to cardiac lipotoxicity, featuring high levels in markers of inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and heart failure. In vitro study, it was also confirmed that Pgrmc1 enhances rates of mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation. This study is clinically important because mitochondrial defects in Pgrmc1 KO mice hearts represent the late phase of cardiac failure.
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Lavorato VN, Miranda DCD, Isoldi MC, Drummond FR, Soares LL, Reis ECC, Pelúzio MDCG, Pedrosa ML, Silva ME, Natali AJ. Effects of aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110168. [PMID: 33642024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) and supplementation with açai on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Two-month old Fischer male rats were divided into 5 groups: Control (C), High-fat Diet (H), High-fat Diet + Açai (HA), High-fat Diet + AET (HT), High-fat Diet + Açai + AET (HAT). The high-fat diet had 21.8% lard and 1% cholesterol (H and HT), or supplemented with 1% lyophilized açai pulp (HA and HAT). The HT and HAT groups performed AET on a treadmill (5 days/week, 1 h/day, 60% of the maximum running speed) for 8 weeks. Exercise tolerance test were performed, and adiposity index calculated. After euthanasia, the left ventricle (LV) was dissected and processed for histological, single myocyte intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transient and contractility, oxidative stress and gene expression analysis. AET improved running capacity and reduced the adiposity index. Both AET and açai supplementation inhibited the increase in the LV collagen content, the deleterious effects on the [Ca2+]i transient and contractility in cardiomyocytes and the increment in oxidative stress, caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet. Aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation can mitigate damage caused by high-fat diet in cardiac structure and function, though the combination of treatments had no additional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Neiva Lavorato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Mauro César Isoldi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe Rios Drummond
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leôncio Lopes Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Pedrosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Kidney Ischemia-Reperfusion Decreases Hydrogen Sulfide and Increases Oxidative Stress in the Heart. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111565. [PMID: 33212962 PMCID: PMC7698428 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The underlying mechanism of AKI-induced heart injury is not well-understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), at physiological concentrations, has been implicated in cardiovascular protection through redox balance and vessel relaxation. Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) plays an essential role in H2S production in the heart. The present study investigated the effect of AKI on H2S production and oxidative stress in the heart. AKI was induced by kidney ischemia-reperfusion in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, which led to an increase in plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. There was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in glutathione (antioxidant) levels in the plasma and heart, indicating systemic and cardiac oxidative stress. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion reduced CSE expression and H2S production in the heart. There was a decrease in antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 level in the nucleus and an increase in inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α) expression in the heart. These results suggest that AKI can down-regulate CSE-mediated H2S production, reduce glutathione levels and increase oxidative stress in the heart. This may contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in AKI.
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Yau YF, El-Nezami H, Galano JM, Kundi ZM, Durand T, Lee JCY. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Oat Beta-Glucan Regulated Fatty Acid Profiles along the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis of Mice Fed with High Fat Diet and Demonstrated Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000566. [PMID: 32780531 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study takes a novel approach to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of prebiotic oat beta-glucan (OAT) and the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against high-fat diets (HFD) by examining the fatty acid profiles in the gut-liver-brain axis. METHOD AND RESULTS HFD-fed C57BL/6N mice are supplemented with OAT and/or LGG for 17 weeks. Thereafter, mass spectrometry-based targeted lipidomics is employed to quantify short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and oxidized PUFA products in the tissues. Acetate levels are suppressed by HFD in all tissues but reversed in the brain and liver by supplementation with LGG, OAT, or LGG + OAT, and in cecum content by LGG. The n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio is elevated by HFD in all tissues but is lowered by LGG and OAT in the cecum and the brain, and by LGG + OAT in the brain, suggesting the anti-inflammatory property of LGG and OAT. LGG and OAT synergistically, but not individually attenuate the increase in non-enzymatic oxidized products, indicating their synbiotic antioxidant property. CONCLUSION The regulation of the fatty acid profiles by LGG and OAT, although incomplete, but demonstrates their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials in the gut-liver-brain axis against HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fung Yau
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, F-34093, Montpellier, CEDEX 05, France
| | - Zuzanna Maria Kundi
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, F-34093, Montpellier, CEDEX 05, France
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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The Interaction between Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota in the Cardiometabolic Consequences in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070640. [PMID: 32708095 PMCID: PMC7402124 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to determine the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the dysbiosis associated with a high fat diet in rats. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota (GM) in the cardiometabolic consequences of diet-induced obesity in rats has been evaluated. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed either a high fat diet (HFD) or a control (CT) one for 6 weeks. At the third week, one-half of the animals of each group were treated with the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTempo (MT; 0.7 mgKg-1day-1 i.p). RESULTS Animals fed an HFD showed a lower microbiota evenness and diversity in comparison to CT rats. This dysbiosis is characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and relevant changes at family and genera compared with the CT group. This was accompanied by a reduction in colonic mucin-secreting goblet cells. These changes were reversed by MT treatment. The abundance of certain genera could also be relevant in the metabolic consequences of obesity, as well as in the occurrence of cardiac fibrosis associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS These results support an interaction between GM and mitochondrial oxidative stress and its relation with development of cardiac fibrosis, suggesting new approaches in the management of obesity-related cardiometabolic consequences.
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Gupta S, Mohan S, Somani VK, Aggarwal S, Bhatnagar R. Simultaneous Immunization with Omp25 and L7/L12 Provides Protection against Brucellosis in Mice. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020152. [PMID: 32102449 PMCID: PMC7175130 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently used Brucella vaccines, Brucella abortus strain 19 and RB51, comprises of live attenuated Brucella strains and prevent infection in animals. However, these vaccines pose potential risks to recipient animals such as attenuation reversal and virulence in susceptible hosts on administration. In this context, recombinant subunit vaccines emerge as a safe and competent alternative in combating the disease. In this study, we formulated a divalent recombinant vaccine consisting of Omp25 and L7/L12 of B. abortus and evaluated vaccine potential individually as well as in combination. Sera obtained from divalent vaccine (Omp25+L7/L12) immunized mice group exhibited enhanced IgG titers against both components and indicated specificity upon immunoblotting reiterating its authenticity. Further, the IgG1/IgG2a ratio obtained against each antigen predicted a predominant Th2 immune response in the Omp25+L7/L12 immunized mice group. Upon infection with virulent B. abortus 544, Omp25+L7/L12 infected mice exhibited superior Log10 protection compared to individual vaccines. Consequently, this study recommends that simultaneous immunization of Omp25 and L7/L12 as a divalent vaccine complements and triggers a Th2 mediated immune response in mice competent of providing protection against brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Gupta
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (V.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Surender Mohan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (V.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Vikas Kumar Somani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (V.K.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Somya Aggarwal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (V.K.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (S.G.); (S.M.); (V.K.S.); (S.A.)
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-11-26704079; Fax: +91-11-26717040
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Jiménez-González S, Marín-Royo G, Jurado-López R, Bartolomé MV, Romero-Miranda A, Luaces M, Islas F, Nieto ML, Martínez-Martínez E, Cachofeiro V. The Crosstalk between Cardiac Lipotoxicity and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in the Cardiac Alterations in Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats. Cells 2020; 9:E451. [PMID: 32079154 PMCID: PMC7072852 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ was evaluated in the cardiac alterations associated with obesity. Male Wistar rats were fed either a high fat diet (HFD, 35% fat) or a standard diet (CT, 3.5% fat) for 7 weeks and treated with MitoQ (200 µM). The effect of MitoQ (5 nM) in rat cardiac myoblasts treated for 24 h with palmitic acid (PA, 200 µM) was evaluated. MitoQ reduced cardiac oxidative stress and prevented the development of cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy, myocardial 18-FDG uptake reduction, and mitochondrial lipid remodeling in HFD rats. It also ameliorated cardiac mitochondrial protein level changes observed in HFD: reductions in fumarate hydratase, complex I and II, as well as increases in mitofusin 1 (MFN1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, and cyclophilin F (cycloF). In vitro, MitoQ prevented oxidative stress and ameliorated alterations in mitochondrial proteins observed in palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated cardiac myoblasts: increases in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, cycloF, and cytochrome C. PA induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and nuclear factor-κB p65. Therefore, the data show the beneficial effects of MitoQ in the cardiac damage induced by obesity and suggests a crosstalk between lipotoxicity and mitochondrial oxidative stress in this damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jiménez-González
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.-G.); (G.M.-R.); (R.J.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.-G.); (G.M.-R.); (R.J.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Raquel Jurado-López
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.-G.); (G.M.-R.); (R.J.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - María Visitación Bartolomé
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Oto-Rhino-Laringology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Romero-Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.-G.); (G.M.-R.); (R.J.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - María Luaces
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (F.I.)
| | - Fabián Islas
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.L.); (F.I.)
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.-G.); (G.M.-R.); (R.J.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.-G.); (G.M.-R.); (R.J.-L.); (A.R.-M.)
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Jiayu Y, Botta A, Simtchouk S, Winkler J, Renaud LM, Dadlani H, Rasmussen B, Elango R, Ghosh S. Egg white consumption increases GSH and lowers oxidative damage in 110-week-old geriatric mice hearts. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 76:108252. [PMID: 31816560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of geriatrics with an advanced age is rising worldwide, with attendant cardiovascular disorders, characterized by elevated oxidative stress. Such oxidative stress is accelerated by an age-related loss of critical antioxidants like glutathione (GSH) and dietary solutions to combat this loss does not exist. While egg white is rich in sulphur amino acids (AAs), precursors for GSH biosynthesis, whether they can increase sulphur AA in vivo and augment GSH in the aged myocardium remain unclear. We hypothesized that egg white consumption increases GSH and reduces oxidative damage and inflammation in the geriatric heart. To this end, 101-102 week-old mice were given a AIN 76A diet supplemented with either 9% w/w egg white powder or casein for 8 weeks. Subsequent analysis revealed that egg white increased serum sulphur AA and cardiac GSH, while reducing the cysteine carrying transporter SNAT-2 and elevating glutamine transporter ASCT2 in the heart. Increased GSH was accompanied by elevated expression of GSH biosynthesis enzyme glutathione synthase as well as mitochondrial antioxidants like superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in egg white-fed hearts. These hearts also demonstrated lower oxidative damage of lipids (4-hydroxynonenal) and proteins [nitrotyrosine] with elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene expression. These data demonstrate that even at the end of lifespan, egg whites remain effective in promoting serum sulphur AAs and preserve cardiac GSH with potent anti-oxidant and mild anti-inflammatory effects in the geriatric myocardium. We conclude that egg white intake may be an effective dietary strategy to attenuate oxidative damage in the senescent heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jiayu
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Svetlana Simtchouk
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - John Winkler
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Lisa M Renaud
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Hansika Dadlani
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Betina Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada.
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16
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Metabolic Profiling Associates with Disease Severity in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 2019; 26:212-222. [PMID: 31541741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomic profiling may have diagnostic and prognostic value in heart failure. This study investigated whether targeted blood and urine metabolomics reflects disease severity in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and compared its incremental value on top of N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 149 metabolites were measured in plasma and urine samples of 273 patients with DCM and with varying stages of disease (patients with DCM and normal left ventricular reverse remodeling, n = 70; asymptomatic DCM, n = 72; and symptomatic DCM, n = 131). Acylcarnitines, sialic acid and glutamic acid are the most distinctive metabolites associated with disease severity, as repeatedly revealed by unibiomarker linear regression, sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis, random forest, and conditional random forest analyses. However, the absolute difference in the metabolic profile among groups was marginal. A decision-tree model based on the top metabolites did not surpass NT-proBNP in classifying stages. However, a combination of NT-proBNP and the top metabolites improved the decision tree to distinguish patients with DCM and left ventricular reverse remodeling from symptomatic DCM (area under the curve 0.813 ± 0.138 vs 0.739 ± 0.114; P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Functional cardiac recovery is reflected in metabolomics. These alterations reveal potential alternative treatment targets in advanced symptomatic DCM. The metabolic profile can complement NT-proBNP in determining disease severity in nonischemic DCM.
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17
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Zhao RZ, Jiang S, Zhang L, Yu ZB. Mitochondrial electron transport chain, ROS generation and uncoupling (Review). Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:3-15. [PMID: 31115493 PMCID: PMC6559295 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) includes complexes I-IV, as well as the electron transporters ubiquinone and cytochrome c. There are two electron transport pathways in the ETC: Complex I/III/IV, with NADH as the substrate and complex II/III/IV, with succinic acid as the substrate. The electron flow is coupled with the generation of a proton gradient across the inner membrane and the energy accumulated in the proton gradient is used by complex V (ATP synthase) to produce ATP. The first part of this review briefly introduces the structure and function of complexes I-IV and ATP synthase, including the specific electron transfer process in each complex. Some electrons are directly transferred to O2 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ETC. The second part of this review discusses the sites of ROS generation in each ETC complex, including sites IF and IQ in complex I, site IIF in complex II and site IIIQo in complex III, and the physiological and pathological regulation of ROS. As signaling molecules, ROS play an important role in cell proliferation, hypoxia adaptation and cell fate determination, but excessive ROS can cause irreversible cell damage and even cell death. The occurrence and development of a number of diseases are closely related to ROS overproduction. Finally, proton leak and uncoupling proteins (UCPS) are discussed. Proton leak consists of basal proton leak and induced proton leak. Induced proton leak is precisely regulated and induced by UCPs. A total of five UCPs (UCP1-5) have been identified in mammalian cells. UCP1 mainly plays a role in the maintenance of body temperature in a cold environment through non-shivering thermogenesis. The core role of UCP2-5 is to reduce oxidative stress under certain conditions, therefore exerting cytoprotective effects. All diseases involving oxidative stress are associated with UCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Zhou Zhao
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Yu
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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18
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Abulizi N, Quin C, Brown K, Chan YK, Gill SK, Gibson DL. Gut Mucosal Proteins and Bacteriome Are Shaped by the Saturation Index of Dietary Lipids. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020418. [PMID: 30781503 PMCID: PMC6412740 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the tripartite relationship between the host, gut bacteria and diet in the gut is relatively unknown. An imbalance between harmful and protective gut bacteria, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to many diseases and has most often been attributed to high-fat dietary intake. However, we recently clarified that the type of fat, not calories, were important in the development of murine colitis. To further understand the host-microbe dynamic in response to dietary lipids, we fed mice isocaloric high-fat diets containing either milk fat, corn oil or olive oil and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the colon microbiome and mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of the colonic metaproteome. The corn oil diet, rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, increased the potential for pathobiont survival and invasion in an inflamed, oxidized and damaged gut while saturated fatty acids promoted compensatory inflammatory responses involved in tissue healing. We conclude that various lipids uniquely alter the host-microbe interaction in the gut. While high-fat consumption has a distinct impact on the gut microbiota, the type of fatty acids alters the relative microbial abundances and predicted functions. These results support that the type of fat are key to understanding the biological effects of high-fat diets on gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijiati Abulizi
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Candice Quin
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Kirsty Brown
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Yee Kwan Chan
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Sandeep K Gill
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Gil A, van der Pol A, van der Meer P, Bischoff R. LC-MS analysis of key components of the glutathione cycle in tissues and body fluids from mice with myocardial infarction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:289-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Henderson AM, Tai DC, Aleliunas RE, Aljaadi AM, Glier MB, Xu EE, Miller JW, Verchere CB, Green TJ, Devlin AM. Maternal folic acid supplementation with vitamin B 12 deficiency during pregnancy and lactation affects the metabolic health of adult female offspring but is dependent on offspring diet. FASEB J 2018; 32:5039-5050. [PMID: 29913560 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701503rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have reported relationships between maternal high folate and/or low B12 status during pregnancy and greater adiposity and insulin resistance in children. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of maternal folic acid supplementation (10 mg/kg diet), with (50 μg/kg diet) and without B12, on adult female offspring adiposity and glucose homeostasis. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed 1 of 3 diets from weaning and throughout breeding, pregnancy, and lactation: control (2 mg/kg diet folic acid, 50 μg/kg diet B12), supplemental folic acid with no B12 (SFA-B12), or supplemental folic acid with adequate B12 (SFA+B12). Female offspring were weaned onto the control diet or a Western diet (45% energy fat, 2 mg/kg diet folic acid, 50 μg/kg diet B12) for 35 wk. After weaning, control diet-fed offspring with SFA-B12 dams had fasting hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, lower β cell mass, and greater islet hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox α and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 mRNA than did offspring from control dams. In Western diet-fed offspring, those with SFA-B12 dams had lower fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations, and were smaller than control offspring. Our findings suggest that maternal folic acid supplementation with B12 deficiency during pregnancy/lactation programs the metabolic health of adult female offspring but is dependent on offspring diet.-Henderson, A. M., Tai, D. C., Aleliunas, R. E., Aljaadi, A. M., Glier, M. B., Xu, E. E., Miller, J. W., Verchere, C. B., Green, T. J., Devlin, A. M. Maternal folic acid supplementation with vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy and lactation affects the metabolic health of adult female offspring but is dependent on offspring diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daven C Tai
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rika E Aleliunas
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abeer M Aljaadi
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melissa B Glier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric E Xu
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tim J Green
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angela M Devlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Marín-Royo G, Gallardo I, Martínez-Martínez E, Gutiérrez B, Jurado-López R, López-Andrés N, Gutiérrez-Tenorio J, Rial E, Bartolomé MAV, Nieto ML, Cachofeiro V. Inhibition of galectin-3 ameliorates the consequences of cardiac lipotoxicity in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.032086. [PMID: 29361517 PMCID: PMC5894945 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by metabolic alterations characterized by insulin resistance and cardiac lipotoxicity. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) induces cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in the context of obesity; however, its role in the metabolic consequences of obesity is not totally established. We have investigated the potential role of Gal-3 in the cardiac metabolic disturbances associated with obesity. In addition, we have explored whether this participation is, at least partially, acting on mitochondrial damage. Gal-3 inhibition in rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks with modified citrus pectin (MCP; 100 mg/kg/day) attenuated the increase in cardiac levels of total triglyceride (TG). MCP treatment also prevented the increase in cardiac protein levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase IA, mitofusin 1, and mitochondrial complexes I and II, reactive oxygen species accumulation and decrease in those of complex V but did not affect the reduction in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake observed in HFD rats. The exposure of cardiac myoblasts (H9c2) to palmitic acid increased the rate of respiration, mainly due to an increase in the proton leak, glycolysis, oxidative stress, β-oxidation and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Inhibition of Gal-3 activity was unable to affect these changes. Our findings indicate that Gal-3 inhibition attenuates some of the consequences of cardiac lipotoxicity induced by a HFD since it reduced TG and lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) levels. These reductions were accompanied by amelioration of the mitochondrial damage observed in HFD rats, although no improvement was observed regarding insulin resistance. These findings increase the interest for Gal-3 as a potential new target for therapeutic intervention to prevent obesity-associated cardiac lipotoxicity and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction. Summary: Inhibition of Gal-3 activity reduced the excessive cardiac accumulation of lipids in rats fed a high fat diet. This was accompanied by the amelioration of mitochondria damage observed in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Marín-Royo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47003, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- Cardiovascular Translational Research, Navarrabiomed (Miguel Servet Foundation), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Josué Gutiérrez-Tenorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rial
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marı A Visitación Bartolomé
- Departmento de Oftalmología y Otorrinolaringología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28223, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47003, Spain.,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid 28040, Spain .,Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Reactive oxygen species and calcium signals in skeletal muscle: A crosstalk involved in both normal signaling and disease. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tükel HC, Alptekin Ö, Turan B, Delilbaşı E. Effects of metabolic syndrome on masseter muscle of male Wistar rats. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:432-8. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Can Tükel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Cukurova; Adana Turkey
| | - Özlem Alptekin
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Cukurova; Adana Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Ankara; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ertan Delilbaşı
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Gazi; Ankara Turkey
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Golbidi S, Botta A, Gottfred S, Nusrat A, Laher I, Ghosh S. Glutathione administration reduces mitochondrial damage and shifts cell death from necrosis to apoptosis in ageing diabetic mice hearts during exercise. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5345-60. [PMID: 25039894 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effect of antioxidants on ageing type 2 diabetic (T2D) hearts during exercise is unclear. We hypothesized that GSH therapy during exercise reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress (mOXS) and cell death in ageing db/db mice hearts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of GSH on cardiac mOXS and cell death was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. KEY RESULTS During exercise, GSH treatment protected db/db hearts from exaggerated mOXS without reducing total cell death. Despite similar cell death, investigations on apoptosis-specific single-stranded DNA breaks and necrosis-specific damage provided the first in vivo evidence of a shift from necrosis to apoptosis, with reduced fibrosis following GSH administration in exercised db/db hearts. Further support for a GSH-regulated 'switch' in death phenotypes came from NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated with H2 O2 , a reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similar to in vivo findings, augmenting GSH by overexpressing glutamyl cysteine ligase (GCLc) protected fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes from necrosis induced by H2 O2 , but elevated caspase-3 and apoptosis instead. Similar to in vivo findings, where GSH therapy in normoglycaemic mice suppressed endogenous antioxidants and augmented caspase-3 activity, GCLc overexpression during staurosporine-induced death, which was not characterized by ROS, increased GSH efflux and aggravated death in fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, confirming that oxidative stress is required for GSH-mediated cytoprotection. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS While GSH treatment is useful for reducing mOXS and attenuating necrosis and fibrosis in ageing T2D hearts during exercise, such antioxidant treatment could be counterproductive in the healthy heart during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Golbidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Schipke J, Banmann E, Nikam S, Voswinckel R, Kohlstedt K, Loot AE, Fleming I, Mühlfeld C. The number of cardiac myocytes in the hypertrophic and hypotrophic left ventricle of the obese and calorie-restricted mouse heart. J Anat 2015; 225:539-47. [PMID: 25322944 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in body mass due to varying amounts of calorie intake occur frequently with obesity and anorexia/cachexia being at opposite sides of the scale. Here, we tested whether a high-fat diet or calorie restriction (CR) decreases the number of cardiac myocytes and affects their volume. Ten 6-8-week-old mice were randomly assigned to a normal (control group, n = 5) or high-fat diet (obesity group, n = 5) for 28 weeks. Ten 8-week-old mice were randomly assigned to a normal (control group, n = 5) or CR diet (CR group, n = 5) for 7 days. The left ventricles of the hearts were prepared for light and electron microscopy, and analysed by design-based stereology. In CR, neither the number of cardiac myocytes, the relationship between one- and multinucleate myocytes nor their mean volume were significantly different between the groups. In contrast, in the obese mice we observed a significant increase in cell size combined with a lower number of cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05 in the one-sided U-test) and an increase in the mean number of nuclei per myocyte. The mean volume of myofibrils and mitochondria per cardiac myocyte reflected the hypertrophic and hypotrophic remodelling in obesity and CR, respectively, but were only significant in the obese mice, indicating a more profound effect of the obesity protocol than in the CR experiments. Taken together, our data indicate that long-lasting obesity is associated with a loss of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle, but that short-term CR does not alter the number of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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26
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Aleliunas RE, Aljaadi AM, Laher I, Glier MB, Green TJ, Murphy M, Miller JW, Devlin AM. Folic Acid Supplementation of Female Mice, with or without Vitamin B-12, before and during Pregnancy and Lactation Programs Adiposity and Vascular Health in Adult Male Offspring. J Nutr 2015; 146:688-696. [PMID: 26962174 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.227629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental origins of health and disease theory suggest that disturbances in the fetal and early postnatal environment contribute to chronic adulthood diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Greater adiposity and insulin resistance have been reported in children of women with high erythrocyte folate but poor vitamin B-12 status during pregnancy. The mechanisms underlying this relation are not known. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal supplemental folic acid, with or without vitamin B-12, on adiposity, glucose homeostasis, and vascular health in adult male offspring mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (M-CON, 2 mg folic acid/kg, 50 μg vitamin B-12/kg) or a folic acid-supplemented diet with [10 mg folic acid/kg, 50 μg vitamin B-12/kg (SFA+B12)] or without [10 mg folic acid/kg, no vitamin B-12 (SFA-B12)] vitamin B-12 for 6 wk before mating and during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were weaned onto a control diet (16% energy from fat) or a western diet (45% energy from fat) until 23 wk of age. The effects of maternal diet on adiposity, vascular function, and glucose tolerance were assessed in 6 groups of adult male offspring: control diet-fed M-CON, SFA+B12, and SFA-B12 and western diet-fed M-CON, SFA+B12, and SFA-B12. RESULTS Control and western diet-fed SFA-B12 and SFA+B12 offspring had smaller visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue than M-CON offspring (P < 0.05). Control SFA-B12 and SFA+B12 offspring had lower serum total adiponectin and vitamin B-12 concentrations and lower NADPH oxidase 2 expression in aorta compared with M-CON offspring (P < 0.05). These effects were not observed in western diet-fed offspring. CONCLUSIONS Folic acid supplementation of female mice before and during pregnancy and lactation, with or without dietary vitamin B-12, affects adult male offspring adiposity, vascular function, and one-carbon metabolism in those fed a control diet but not a western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika E Aleliunas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abeer M Aljaadi
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Melissa B Glier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tim J Green
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Melissa Murphy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Angela M Devlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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High-fat diet induced an oxidative stress in white adipose tissue and disturbed plasma transition metals in rat: prevention by grape seed and skin extract. J Physiol Sci 2013; 63:445-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Botta A, Laher I, Beam J, DeCoffe D, Brown K, Halder S, Devlin A, Gibson DL, Ghosh S. Short term exercise induces PGC-1α, ameliorates inflammation and increases mitochondrial membrane proteins but fails to increase respiratory enzymes in aging diabetic hearts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70248. [PMID: 23936397 PMCID: PMC3731348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α, a transcriptional coactivator, controls inflammation and mitochondrial gene expression in insulin-sensitive tissues following exercise intervention. However, attributing such effects to PGC-1α is counfounded by exercise-induced fluctuations in blood glucose, insulin or bodyweight in diabetic patients. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of PGC-1α on inflammation and mitochondrial protein expressions in aging db/db mice hearts, independent of changes in glycemic parameters. In 8-month-old db/db mice hearts with diabetes lasting over 22 weeks, short-term, moderate-intensity exercise upregulated PGC-1α without altering body weight or glycemic parameters. Nonetheless, such a regimen lowered both cardiac (macrophage infiltration, iNOS and TNFα) and systemic (circulating chemokines and cytokines) inflammation. Curiously, such an anti-inflammatory effect was also linked to attenuated expression of downstream transcription factors of PGC-1α such as NRF-1 and several respiratory genes. Such mismatch between PGC-1α and its downstream targets was associated with elevated mitochondrial membrane proteins like Tom70 but a concurrent reduction in oxidative phosphorylation protein expressions in exercised db/db hearts. As mitochondrial oxidative stress was predominant in these hearts, in support of our in vivo data, increasing concentrations of H2O2 dose-dependently increased PGC-1α expression while inhibiting expression of inflammatory genes and downstream transcription factors in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro. We conclude that short-term exercise-induced oxidative stress may be key in attenuating cardiac inflammatory genes and impairing PGC-1α mediated gene transcription of downstream transcription factors in type 2 diabetic hearts at an advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julianne Beam
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniella DeCoffe
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirsty Brown
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Swagata Halder
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Devlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
One of the many functions of taurine is to protect cells against oxidation, by protecting mitochondrial integrity and respiration. Taurine metabolism has attracted much attention in fish nutrition due to the fact that as plant ingredients replace fishmeal, dietary taurine has declined. As the endogenous synthesis of taurine might be too low to protect cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis, the present study aimed to test whether taurine may protect liver cells from apoptosis. Liver cells isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were grown in media supplemented with a physiological concentration of taurine (25 (se0·5) mm) or without any taurine supplementation (14 (se3) μm) for 3 d. To increase oxidation in the mitochondria and maximise any cellular response of taurine supplementation, 100 μm-CdCl2was added or not added to the cells at day 3. At day 4, cells were harvested and assessed for viability. As expected, the addition of CdCl2decreased cell viability without showing any interaction with taurine supplementation. Cells grown in the taurine-supplemented media had lower protein abundance of active caspase-3. In addition, the protein abundance of phosphorylated mitogen-activating phosphokinase (P-p63, P-p42/44 and P-p38) as well as cytochrome P450 were reduced when taurine was added to the media. Cells grown without taurine supplementation had a more condensed chromatin and more smeared DNA, also pointing to a higher apoptosis in these cells. In conclusion, taurine attenuated apoptosis in primary liver cells isolated from Atlantic salmon, and as such, taurine may be conditionally indispensable in Atlantic salmon.
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Laher I, Beam J, Botta A, Barendregt R, Sulistyoningrum D, Devlin A, Rheault M, Ghosh S. Short-term exercise worsens cardiac oxidative stress and fibrosis in 8-month-old db/db mice by depleting cardiac glutathione. Free Radic Res 2012; 47:44-54. [PMID: 23039789 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.737463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Moderate exercise improves cardiac antioxidant status in young humans and animals with Type-2 diabetes (T2D). Given that both diabetes and advancing age synergistically decrease antioxidant expression in most tissues, it is unclear whether exercise can upregulate cardiac antioxidants in chronic animal models of T2D. To this end, 8-month-old T2D and normoglycemic mice were exercised for 3 weeks, and cardiac redox status was evaluated. As expected, moderate exercise increased cardiac antioxidants and attenuated oxidative damage in normoglycemic mice. In contrast, similar exercise protocol in 8-month-old db/db mice worsened cardiac oxidative damage, which was associated with a specific dysregulation of glutathione (GSH) homeostasis. Expression of enzymes for GSH biosynthesis [γ-glutamylcysteine synthase, glutathione reductase] as well as for GSH-mediated detoxification (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase) was lower, while toxic metabolites dependent on GSH for clearance (4-hydroxynonenal) were increased in exercised diabetic mice hearts. To validate GSH loss as an important factor for such aggravated damage, daily administration of GSH restored cardiac GSH levels in exercised diabetic mice. Such supplementation attenuated both oxidative damage and fibrotic changes in the myocardium. Expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and its regulated genes which are responsible for such profibrotic changes were also attenuated with GSH supplementation. These novel findings in a long-term T2D animal model demonstrate that short-term exercise by itself can deplete cardiac GSH and aggravate cardiac oxidative stress. As GSH administration conferred protection in 8-month-old diabetic mice undergoing exercise, supplementation with GSH-enhancing agents may be beneficial in elderly diabetic patients undergoing exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
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