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Tadros HJ, Miyake CY, Kearney DL, Kim JJ, Denfield SW. The Many Faces of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: An Overview. Appl Clin Genet 2023; 16:181-203. [PMID: 37933265 PMCID: PMC10625769 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s383446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a disease that involves electromechanical uncoupling of cardiomyocytes. This leads to characteristic histologic changes that ultimately lead to the arrhythmogenic clinical features of the disease. Initially thought to affect the right ventricle predominantly, more recent data show that it can affect both the ventricles or the left ventricle alone. Throughout the recent era, diagnostic modalities and criteria for AC have continued to evolve and our understanding of its clinical features in different age groups as well as the genotype to the phenotype correlations have improved. In this review, we set out to detail the epidemiology, etiologies, presentations, evaluation, and management of AC across the age continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna J Tadros
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christina Y Miyake
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Debra L Kearney
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan W Denfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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The N-Terminal Part of the 1A Domain of Desmin Is a Hot Spot Region for Putative Pathogenic DES Mutations Affecting Filament Assembly. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233906. [PMID: 36497166 PMCID: PMC9738904 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin is the major intermediate filament protein of all three muscle cell types, and connects different cell organelles and multi-protein complexes such as the cardiac desmosomes. Several pathogenic mutations in the DES gene cause different skeletal and cardiac myopathies. However, the significance of the majority of DES missense variants is currently unknown, since functional data are lacking. To determine whether desmin missense mutations within the highly conserved 1A coil domain cause a filament assembly defect, we generated a set of variants with unknown significance and systematically analyzed the filament assembly using confocal microscopy in transfected SW-13, H9c2 cells and cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. We found that mutations in the N-terminal part of the 1A coil domain affect filament assembly, leading to cytoplasmic desmin aggregation. In contrast, mutant desmin in the C-terminal part of the 1A coil domain forms filamentous structures comparable to wild-type desmin. Our findings suggest that the N-terminal part of the 1A coil domain is a hot spot for pathogenic desmin mutations, which affect desmin filament assembly. This study may have relevance for the genetic counselling of patients carrying variants in the 1A coil domain of the DES gene.
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Liu YX, Yu R, Sheng Y, Fan LL, Deng Y. Case report: Whole-exome sequencing identifies a novel DES mutation (p. E434K) in a Chinese family with cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:971501. [PMID: 36277747 PMCID: PMC9580399 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.971501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Desmin is an intermediate filament protein that plays a critical role in the stabilization of the sarcomeres and cell contacts in the cardiac intercalated disk. Mutated DES gene can cause hereditary cardiomyopathy with heterogeneous phenotypes, while the underlying molecular mechanisms requires further investigation. Methods We described a Chinese family present with cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics strategies were employed to explore the genetic entity of this family. Results An unknown heterozygote missense variant (c.1300G > A; p. E434K) of DES gene was identified. The mutation cosegregates in this family. The mutation was predicted as pathogenic and was absent in our 200 healthy controls. Conclusion We identified a novel DES mutation (p. E434K) in a Chinese family with cardiomyopathy and SCD. Our study not only provided a new case for the study of the relationship between DES mutations and hereditary cardiomyopathy but also broadened the spectrum of DES mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Sheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Liang-Liang Fan,
| | - Yao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Yao Deng,
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4
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Fluorescence microscopic imaging of single desmin intermediate filaments elongated by the presence of divalent cations in vitro. Biophys Chem 2022; 287:106839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Genetic Insights into Primary Restrictive Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082094. [PMID: 35456187 PMCID: PMC9027761 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a rare cardiac disease causing severe diastolic dysfunction, ventricular stiffness and dilated atria. In consequence, it induces heart failure often with preserved ejection fraction and is associated with a high mortality. Since it is a poor clinical prognosis, patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy frequently require heart transplantation. Genetic as well as non-genetic factors contribute to restrictive cardiomyopathy and a significant portion of cases are of unknown etiology. However, the genetic forms of restrictive cardiomyopathy and the involved molecular pathomechanisms are only partially understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about primary genetic restrictive cardiomyopathy and describe its genetic landscape, which might be of interest for geneticists as well as for cardiologists.
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Brodehl A, Hain C, Flottmann F, Ratnavadivel S, Gaertner A, Klauke B, Kalinowski J, Körperich H, Gummert J, Paluszkiewicz L, Deutsch MA, Milting H. The Desmin Mutation DES-c.735G>C Causes Severe Restrictive Cardiomyopathy by Inducing In-Frame Skipping of Exon-3. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101400. [PMID: 34680517 PMCID: PMC8533191 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the genetic background of restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Herein, we screened an index patient with RCM in combination with atrial fibrillation using a next generation sequencing (NGS) approach and identified the heterozygous mutation DES-c.735G>C. As DES-c.735G>C affects the last base pair of exon-3, it is unknown whether putative missense or splice site mutations are caused. Therefore, we applied nanopore amplicon sequencing revealing the expression of a transcript without exon-3 in the explanted myocardial tissue of the index patient. Western blot analysis verified this finding at the protein level. In addition, we performed cell culture experiments revealing an abnormal cytoplasmic aggregation of the truncated desmin form (p.D214-E245del) but not of the missense variant (p.E245D). In conclusion, we show that DES-c.735G>C causes a splicing defect leading to exon-3 skipping of the DES gene. DES-c.735G>C can be classified as a pathogenic mutation associated with RCM and atrial fibrillation. In the future, this finding might have relevance for the genetic understanding of similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (F.F.); (S.R.); (A.G.); (B.K.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (H.M.); Tel.: +49-(0)5731-973530 (A.B.); +49-(0)5731-973510 (H.M.)
| | - Carsten Hain
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Franziska Flottmann
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (F.F.); (S.R.); (A.G.); (B.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Sandra Ratnavadivel
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (F.F.); (S.R.); (A.G.); (B.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Anna Gaertner
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (F.F.); (S.R.); (A.G.); (B.K.); (J.G.)
| | - Bärbel Klauke
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (F.F.); (S.R.); (A.G.); (B.K.); (J.G.)
- Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (C.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Hermann Körperich
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany;
| | - Jan Gummert
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (F.F.); (S.R.); (A.G.); (B.K.); (J.G.)
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.P.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Lech Paluszkiewicz
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.P.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (L.P.); (M.-A.D.)
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; (F.F.); (S.R.); (A.G.); (B.K.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (H.M.); Tel.: +49-(0)5731-973530 (A.B.); +49-(0)5731-973510 (H.M.)
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Gerull B, Brodehl A. Insights Into Genetics and Pathophysiology of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:378-390. [PMID: 34478111 PMCID: PMC8616880 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a genetic disease characterized by life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in apparently healthy young adults. Mutations in genes encoding for cellular junctions can be found in about half of the patients. However, disease onset and severity, risk of arrhythmias, and outcome are highly variable and drug-targeted treatment is currently unavailable. Recent Findings This review focuses on advances in clinical risk stratification, genetic etiology, and pathophysiological concepts. The desmosome is the central part of the disease, but other intercalated disc and associated structural proteins not only broaden the genetic spectrum but also provide novel molecular and cellular insights into the pathogenesis of ACM. Signaling pathways and the role of inflammation will be discussed and targets for novel therapeutic approaches outlined. Summary Genetic discoveries and experimental-driven preclinical research contributed significantly to the understanding of ACM towards mutation- and pathway-specific personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Department of Medicine I, University Clinic Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Shelly S, Talha N, Pereira NL, Engel AG, Johnson JN, Selcen D. Expanding Spectrum of Desmin-Related Myopathy, Long-term Follow-up, and Cardiac Transplantation. Neurology 2021; 97:e1150-e1158. [PMID: 34315782 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the genetic and clinical phenotypes of desmin-related myopathy patients and long-term outcomes after cardiac transplant. METHODS Retrospective review of cardiac and neurological manifestations of genetically confirmed desmin-related myopathy patients (Jan 1st, 1999-Jan 1st, 2020). RESULTS Twenty-five patients in 20 different families were recognized. Median age at onset of symptoms was 20 years (range: 4-50), median follow-up time of 36 months (range: 1-156). Twelve patients initially presented with skeletal muscle involvement and 13 with cardiac disease. Sixteen patients had both cardiac and skeletal muscle involvement. Clinically muscle weakness distribution was distal (n=11), proximal (n=4) or both (n=7) of 22 patients. Skeletal muscle biopsy from patients with missense and splice site variants (n=12) showed abnormal fibers containing amorphous material in Gomori trichrome stained sections. Patients with cardiac involvement had atrioventricular conduction abnormalities or cardiomyopathy. The most common ECG abnormality was complete AV block in 11 patients all of whom required a permanent pacemaker at a median age of 25 years (range: 16-48). Sudden cardiac death resulting in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks or resuscitation were reported in 3 patients, a total of 5 patients had ICDs. Orthotopic cardiac transplantation was performed in 3 patients at 20, 35 and 39 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic variants in desmin can lead to varied neurological and cardiac phenotypes beginning at a young age. Two-thirds of the patients have both neurologic and cardiac symptoms usually starting in the third decade. Heart transplant was tolerated with improved cardiac function and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niaz Talha
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | - Duygu Selcen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Abou Ziki MD, Bhat N, Neogi A, Driscoll TP, Ugwu N, Liu Y, Smith E, Abboud JM, Chouairi S, Schwartz MA, Akar JG, Mani A. Epistatic interaction of PDE4DIP and DES mutations in familial atrial fibrillation with slow conduction. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1279-1293. [PMID: 34289528 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genetic causes of atrial fibrillation (AF) with slow conduction are unknown. Eight kindreds with familial AF and slow conduction, including a family affected by early-onset AF, heart block, and incompletely penetrant nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) underwent whole exome sequencing. A known pathogenic mutation in the desmin (DES) gene resulting in p.S13F substitution (NM_001927.3:c.38C>T) at a PKC phosphorylation site was identified in all four members of the kindred with early-onset AF and heart block, while only two developed DCM. Higher penetrance for AF and heart block prompted a genetic screening for DES modifier(s). A deleterious mutation in the phosphodiesterase-4D-interacting-protein (PDE4DIP) gene resulting in p.A123T substitution (NM_001002811:c.367G>A) was identified that segregated with early-onset AF, heart block, and the DES mutation. Three additional novel deleterious PDE4DIP mutations were identified in four other unrelated kindreds. Characterization of PDE4DIPA123T in vitro suggested impaired compartmentalization of PKA and PDE4D characterized by reduced colocalization with PDE4D, increased cAMP activation leading to higher PKA phosphorylation of the β2-adrenergic-receptor, and decreased PKA phosphorylation of desmin after isoproterenol stimulation. Our findings identify PDE4DIP as a novel gene for slow AF and unravel its epistatic interaction with DES mutations in development of conduction disease and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maen D Abou Ziki
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Neha Bhat
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arpita Neogi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tristan P Driscoll
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Nelson Ugwu
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ya Liu
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily Smith
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Johny M Abboud
- Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salah Chouairi
- Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joseph G Akar
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. Fluorescent proteins of the EosFP clade: intriguing marker tools with multiple photoactivation modes for advanced microscopy. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:796-814. [PMID: 34458811 PMCID: PMC8341165 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical fluorescence microscopy has taken center stage in the exploration of biological structure and dynamics, especially on live specimens, and super-resolution imaging methods continue to deliver exciting new insights into the molecular foundations of life. Progress in the field, however, crucially hinges on advances in fluorescent marker technology. Among these, fluorescent proteins (FPs) of the GFP family are advantageous because they are genetically encodable, so that live cells, tissues or organisms can produce these markers all by themselves. A subclass of them, photoactivatable FPs, allow for control of their fluorescence emission by light irradiation, enabling pulse-chase imaging and super-resolution microscopy. In this review, we discuss FP variants of the EosFP clade that have been optimized by amino acid sequence modification to serve as markers for various imaging techniques. In general, two different modes of photoactivation are found, reversible photoswitching between a fluorescent and a nonfluorescent state and irreversible green-to red photoconversion. First, we describe their basic structural and optical properties. We then summarize recent research aimed at elucidating the photochemical processes underlying photoactivation. Finally, we briefly introduce various advanced imaging methods facilitated by specific EosFP variants, and show some exciting sample applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76049 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76049 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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11
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van der Klooster ZJ, Sepehrkhouy S, Dooijes D, Te Rijdt WP, Schuiringa FSAM, Lingeman J, van Tintelen JP, Harakalova M, Goldschmeding R, Suurmeijer AJH, Asselbergs FW, Vink A. P62-positive aggregates are homogenously distributed in the myocardium and associated with the type of mutation in genetic cardiomyopathy. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3160-3166. [PMID: 33605084 PMCID: PMC7957157 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathy is caused by mutations in various genes. The accumulation of potentially proteotoxic mutant protein aggregates due to insufficient autophagy is a possible mechanism of disease development. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution in the myocardium of such aggregates in relation to specific pathogenic genetic mutations in cardiomyopathy hearts. Hearts from 32 genetic cardiomyopathy patients, 4 non-genetic cardiomyopathy patients and 5 controls were studied. Microscopic slices from an entire midventricular heart slice were stained for p62 (sequestosome-1, marker for aggregated proteins destined for autophagy). The percentage of cardiomyocytes with p62 accumulation was higher in cardiomyopathy hearts (median 3.3%) than in healthy controls (0.3%; P < .0001). p62 accumulation was highest in the desmin (15.6%) and phospholamban (7.2%) groups. P62 accumulation was homogeneously distributed in the myocardium. Fibrosis was not associated with p62 accumulation in subgroup analysis of phospholamban hearts. In conclusion, accumulation of p62-positive protein aggregates is homogeneously distributed in the myocardium independently of fibrosis distribution and associated with desmin and phospholamban cardiomyopathy. Proteotoxic protein accumulation is a diffuse process in the myocardium while a more localized second hit, such as local strain during exercise, might determine whether this leads to regional myocyte decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Joy van der Klooster
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shahrzad Sepehrkhouy
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter P Te Rijdt
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jolanthe Lingeman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J H Suurmeijer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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The Desmin ( DES) Mutation p.A337P Is Associated with Left-Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12010121. [PMID: 33478057 PMCID: PMC7835827 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a small Russian family, where the index patient received a diagnosis of left-ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) in combination with a skeletal myopathy. Clinical follow-up analysis revealed a LVNC phenotype also in her son. Therefore, we applied a broad next-generation sequencing gene panel approach for the identification of the underlying mutation. Interestingly, DES-p.A337P was identified in the genomes of both patients, whereas only the index patient carried DSP-p.L1348X. DES encodes the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin and DSP encodes desmoplakin, which is a cytolinker protein connecting desmosomes with the intermediate filaments. Because the majority of DES mutations cause severe filament assembly defects and because this mutation was found in both affected patients, we analyzed this DES mutation in vitro by cell transfection experiments in combination with confocal microscopy. Of note, desmin-p.A337P forms cytoplasmic aggregates in transfected SW-13 cells and in cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells underlining its pathogenicity. In conclusion, we suggest including the DES gene in the genetic analysis for LVNC patients in the future, especially if clinical involvement of the skeletal muscle is present.
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Herrmann H, Cabet E, Chevalier NR, Moosmann J, Schultheis D, Haas J, Schowalter M, Berwanger C, Weyerer V, Agaimy A, Meder B, Müller OJ, Katus HA, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Vicart P, Ferreiro A, Dittrich S, Clemen CS, Lilienbaum A, Schröder R. Dual Functional States of R406W-Desmin Assembly Complexes Cause Cardiomyopathy With Severe Intercalated Disc Derangement in Humans and in Knock-In Mice. Circulation 2020; 142:2155-2171. [PMID: 33023321 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the human desmin gene cause myopathies and cardiomyopathies. This study aimed to elucidate molecular mechanisms initiated by the heterozygous R406W-desmin mutation in the development of a severe and early-onset cardiac phenotype. METHODS We report an adolescent patient who underwent cardiac transplantation as a result of restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by a heterozygous R406W-desmin mutation. Sections of the explanted heart were analyzed with antibodies specific to 406W-desmin and to intercalated disc proteins. Effects of the R406W mutation on the molecular properties of desmin were addressed by cell transfection and in vitro assembly experiments. To prove the genuine deleterious effect of the mutation on heart tissue, we further generated and analyzed R405W-desmin knock-in mice harboring the orthologous form of the human R406W-desmin. RESULTS Microscopic analysis of the explanted heart revealed desmin aggregates and the absence of desmin filaments at intercalated discs. Structural changes within intercalated discs were revealed by the abnormal organization of desmoplakin, plectin, N-cadherin, and connexin-43. Next-generation sequencing confirmed the DES variant c.1216C>T (p.R406W) as the sole disease-causing mutation. Cell transfection studies disclosed a dual behavior of R406W-desmin with both its integration into the endogenous intermediate filament system and segregation into protein aggregates. In vitro, R406W-desmin formed unusually thick filaments that organized into complex filament aggregates and fibrillar sheets. In contrast, assembly of equimolar mixtures of mutant and wild-type desmin generated chimeric filaments of seemingly normal morphology but with occasional prominent irregularities. Heterozygous and homozygous R405W-desmin knock-in mice develop both a myopathy and a cardiomyopathy. In particular, the main histopathologic results from the patient are recapitulated in the hearts from R405W-desmin knock-in mice of both genotypes. Moreover, whereas heterozygous knock-in mice have a normal life span, homozygous animals die at 3 months of age because of a smooth muscle-related gastrointestinal phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that R406W-desmin provokes its severe cardiotoxic potential by a novel pathomechanism, where the concurrent dual functional states of mutant desmin assembly complexes underlie the uncoupling of desmin filaments from intercalated discs and their structural disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology (H.H., D.S., M.S., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.,Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Eva Cabet
- Basic and Translational Myology, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (E.C., P.V., A.F., A.L.), University of Paris, France
| | - Nicolas R Chevalier
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (N.R.C.), University of Paris, France
| | - Julia Moosmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (J.M., S.D.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Schultheis
- Institute of Neuropathology (H.H., D.S., M.S., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg, Heart Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.H., B.M.)
| | - Mirjam Schowalter
- Institute of Neuropathology (H.H., D.S., M.S., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Berwanger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany (C.B., C.S.C.)
| | - Veronika Weyerer
- Institute of Pathology (V.W., A.A.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology (V.W., A.A.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg, Heart Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Germany (J.H., B.M.).,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (B.M.)
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and University of Kiel, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany (O.J.M.)
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, and German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany (H.A.K.)
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology (U.S.-S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Vicart
- Basic and Translational Myology, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (E.C., P.V., A.F., A.L.), University of Paris, France
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Basic and Translational Myology, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (E.C., P.V., A.F., A.L.), University of Paris, France.,Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France (A.F.)
| | - Sven Dittrich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology (J.M., S.D.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany (C.B., C.S.C.).,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, and Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany(C.S.C.)
| | - Alain Lilienbaum
- Basic and Translational Myology, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology (E.C., P.V., A.F., A.L.), University of Paris, France
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology (H.H., D.S., M.S., R.S.), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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14
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Gerull B, Brodehl A. Genetic Animal Models for Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:624. [PMID: 32670084 PMCID: PMC7327121 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy has been clinically defined since the 1980s and causes right or biventricular cardiomyopathy associated with ventricular arrhythmia. Although it is a rare cardiac disease, it is responsible for a significant proportion of sudden cardiac deaths, especially in athletes. The majority of patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy carry one or more genetic variants in desmosomal genes. In the 1990s, several knockout mouse models of genes encoding for desmosomal proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion revealed for the first time embryonic lethality due to cardiac defects. Influenced by these initial discoveries in mice, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy received an increasing interest in human cardiovascular genetics, leading to the discovery of mutations initially in desmosomal genes and later on in more than 25 different genes. Of note, even in the clinic, routine genetic diagnostics are important for risk prediction of patients and their relatives with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Based on improvements in genetic animal engineering, different transgenic, knock-in, or cardiac-specific knockout animal models for desmosomal and nondesmosomal proteins have been generated, leading to important discoveries in this field. Here, we present an overview about the existing animal models of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with a focus on the underlying pathomechanism and its importance for understanding of this disease. Prospectively, novel mechanistic insights gained from the whole animal, organ, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels will lead to the development of efficient personalized therapies for treatment of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center Wuerzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospitals of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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15
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Brodehl A, Weiss J, Debus JD, Stanasiuk C, Klauke B, Deutsch MA, Fox H, Bax J, Ebbinghaus H, Gärtner A, Tiesmeier J, Laser T, Peterschröder A, Gerull B, Gummert J, Paluszkiewicz L, Milting H. A homozygous DSC2 deletion associated with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is caused by uniparental isodisomy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 141:17-29. [PMID: 32201174 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to unravel the genetic, molecular and cellular pathomechanisms of DSC2 truncation variants leading to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). METHODS AND RESULTS We report a homozygous 4-bp DSC2 deletion variant c.1913_1916delAGAA, p.Q638LfsX647hom causing a frameshift carried by an ACM patient. Whole exome sequencing and comparative genomic hybridization analysis support a loss of heterozygosity in a large segment of chromosome 18 indicating segmental interstitial uniparental isodisomy (UPD). Ultrastructural analysis of the explanted myocardium from a mutation carrier using transmission electron microscopy revealed a partially widening of the intercalated disc. Using qRT-PCR we demonstrated that DSC2 mRNA expression was substantially decreased in the explanted myocardial tissue of the homozygous carrier compared to controls. Western blot analysis revealed absence of both full-length desmocollin-2 isoforms. Only a weak expression of the truncated form of desmocollin-2 was detectable. Immunohistochemistry showed that the truncated form of desmocollin-2 did not localize at the intercalated discs. In vitro, transfection experiments using induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes and HT-1080 cells demonstrated an obvious absence of the mutant truncated desmocollin-2 at the plasma membrane. Immunoprecipitation in combination with fluorescence measurements and Western blot analyses revealed an abnormal secretion of the truncated desmocollin-2. CONCLUSION In summary, we unraveled segmental UPD as the likely genetic reason for a small homozygous DSC2 deletion. We conclude that a combination of nonsense mediated mRNA decay and extracellular secretion is involved in DSC2 related ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Weiss
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Cellular Morphology, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Davina Debus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Caroline Stanasiuk
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Bärbel Klauke
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Marcus André Deutsch
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Henrik Fox
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jördis Bax
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Hans Ebbinghaus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jens Tiesmeier
- Hospital Luebbecke-Rhaden, Muehlenkreis Hospitalsd, Medical-Campus OWL of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Virchowstr. 65, 32132 Luebbecke, Germany
| | - Thorsten Laser
- Center for Congenital Heart Defects, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peterschröder
- Institute for Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany; Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Lech Paluszkiewicz
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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16
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A Novel DES L115F Mutation Identified by Whole Exome Sequencing is Associated with Inherited Cardiac Conduction Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246227. [PMID: 31835587 PMCID: PMC6940838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiac conduction disease (CCD) is rare; it is caused by a large number of mutations in genes encoding cardiac ion channels and cytoskeletal proteins. Recently, whole-exome sequencing has been successfully used to identify causal mutations for rare monogenic Mendelian diseases. We used trio-based whole-exome sequencing to study a Chinese family with multiple family members affected by CCD, and identified a heterozygous missense mutation (c.343C>T, p.Leu115Phe) in the desmin (DES) gene as the most likely candidate causal mutation for the development of CCD in this family. The mutation is novel and is predicted to affect the conformation of the coiled-coil rod domain of DES according to structural model prediction. Its pathogenicity in desmin protein aggregation was further confirmed by expressing the mutation, both in a cellular model and a CRISPR/CAS9 knock-in mouse model. In conclusion, our results suggest that whole-exome sequencing is a feasible approach to identify candidate genes underlying inherited conduction diseases.
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17
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Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is Caused by a Novel Homozygous Desmin ( DES) Mutation p.Y122H Leading to a Severe Filament Assembly Defect. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110918. [PMID: 31718026 PMCID: PMC6896098 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a small Iranian family, where the index patient received a diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) in combination with atrioventricular (AV) block. Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation in the DES gene (c.364T > C; p.Y122H), which is absent in human population databases. The mutation is localized in the highly conserved coil-1 desmin subdomain. In silico, prediction tools indicate a deleterious effect of the desmin (DES) mutation p.Y122H. Consequently, we generated an expression plasmid encoding the mutant and wildtype desmin formed, and analyzed the filament formation in vitro in cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and HT-1080 cells. Confocal microscopy revealed a severe filament assembly defect of mutant desmin supporting the pathogenicity of the DES mutation, p.Y122H, whereas the wildtype desmin formed regular intermediate filaments. According to the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, we classified this mutation, therefore, as a novel pathogenic mutation. Our report could point to a recessive inheritance of the DES mutation, p.Y122H, which is important for the genetic counseling of similar families with restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by DES mutations.
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18
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Brodehl A, Ebbinghaus H, Deutsch MA, Gummert J, Gärtner A, Ratnavadivel S, Milting H. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Models for Genetic Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184381. [PMID: 31489928 PMCID: PMC6770343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, many pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic mutations in over hundred different genes have been described for non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies. However, the functional knowledge about most of these mutations is still limited because the generation of adequate animal models is time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying specific cardiomyopathy-associated mutations are a promising alternative. Since the original discovery that pluripotency can be artificially induced by the expression of different transcription factors, various patient-specific-induced pluripotent stem cell lines have been generated to model non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies in vitro. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies and give an overview about different human iPSC lines, which have been developed for the disease modeling of inherited cardiomyopathies. We summarize different methods and protocols for the general differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. In addition, we describe methods and technologies to investigate functionally human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we summarize novel genome editing approaches for the genetic manipulation of human iPSCs. This review provides an overview about the genetic landscape of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on iPSC technology, which might be of interest for clinicians and basic scientists interested in genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hans Ebbinghaus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Ratnavadivel
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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19
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Towbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, Ackerman MJ, Calkins H, Darrieux FCC, Daubert JP, de Chillou C, DePasquale EC, Desai MY, Estes NAM, Hua W, Indik JH, Ingles J, James CA, John RM, Judge DP, Keegan R, Krahn AD, Link MS, Marcus FI, McLeod CJ, Mestroni L, Priori SG, Saffitz JE, Sanatani S, Shimizu W, van Tintelen JP, Wilde AAM, Zareba W. 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:e301-e372. [PMID: 31078652 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an arrhythmogenic disorder of the myocardium not secondary to ischemic, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease. ACM incorporates a broad spectrum of genetic, systemic, infectious, and inflammatory disorders. This designation includes, but is not limited to, arrhythmogenic right/left ventricular cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Chagas disease, and left ventricular noncompaction. The ACM phenotype overlaps with other cardiomyopathies, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy with arrhythmia presentation that may be associated with ventricular dilatation and/or impaired systolic function. This expert consensus statement provides the clinician with guidance on evaluation and management of ACM and includes clinically relevant information on genetics and disease mechanisms. PICO questions were utilized to evaluate contemporary evidence and provide clinical guidance related to exercise in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Recommendations were developed and approved by an expert writing group, after a systematic literature search with evidence tables, and discussion of their own clinical experience, to present the current knowledge in the field. Each recommendation is presented using the Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence system formulated by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association and is accompanied by references and explanatory text to provide essential context. The ongoing recognition of the genetic basis of ACM provides the opportunity to examine the diverse triggers and potential common pathway for the development of disease and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - William J McKenna
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N A Mark Estes
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Hua
- Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Julia H Indik
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Roy M John
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Roberto Keegan
- Hospital Privado Del Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Español, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - Mark S Link
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Frank I Marcus
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Luisa Mestroni
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Silvia G Priori
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart); ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Department of Genetics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart); University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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20
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Marakhonov AV, Brodehl A, Myasnikov RP, Sparber PA, Kiseleva AV, Kulikova OV, Meshkov AN, Zharikova AA, Koretsky SN, Kharlap MS, Stanasiuk C, Mershina EA, Sinitsyn VE, Shevchenko AO, Mozheyko NP, Drapkina OM, Boytsov SA, Milting H, Skoblov MY. Noncompaction cardiomyopathy is caused by a novel in-frame desmin (DES) deletion mutation within the 1A coiled-coil rod segment leading to a severe filament assembly defect. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:734-741. [PMID: 30908796 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in DES, encoding desmin protein, are associated with different kinds of skeletal and/or cardiac myopathies. However, it is unknown, whether DES mutations are associated with left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVHT). Here, we performed a clinical examination and subsequent genetic analysis in a family, with two individuals presenting LVHT with conduction disease and skeletal myopathy. The genetic analysis revealed a novel small in-frame deletion within the DES gene, p.Q113_L115del, affecting the α-helical rod domain. Immunohistochemistry analysis of explanted myocardial tissue from the index patient revealed an abnormal cytoplasmic accumulation of desmin and a degraded sarcomeric structure. Cell transfection experiments with wild-type and mutant desmin verified the cytoplasmic aggregation and accumulation of mutant desmin. Cotransfection experiments were performed to model the heterozygous state of the patients and revealed a dominant negative effect of the mutant desmin on filament assembly. DES:p.Q113_L115del is classified as a pathogenic mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy with prominent LVHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Marakhonov
- Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG), Moscow, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Roman P Myasnikov
- Department of Clinical Cardiology and Molecular Genetics, Federal State Institution National Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter A Sparber
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anna V Kiseleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Federal State Institution National Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Kulikova
- Department of Clinical Cardiology and Molecular Genetics, Federal State Institution National Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey N Meshkov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Federal State Institution National Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Zharikova
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Federal State Institution National Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Serguey N Koretsky
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, Federal State Institution National Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Kharlap
- Cardiac Arrhythmias Department, Federal State Institution National Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Caroline Stanasiuk
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Elena A Mershina
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Radiology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University Medical Research and Educational Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin E Sinitsyn
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Radiology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University Medical Research and Educational Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey O Shevchenko
- Department of Critical Care Translational Medicine, V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia P Mozheyko
- Pathology Department, V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana M Drapkina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, Federal State Institution National Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Yu Skoblov
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Research Centre for Medical Genetics (RCMG), Moscow, Russia, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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21
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Tsikitis M, Galata Z, Mavroidis M, Psarras S, Capetanaki Y. Intermediate filaments in cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1007-1031. [PMID: 30027462 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins are critical regulators in health and disease. The discovery of hundreds of mutations in IF genes and posttranslational modifications has been linked to a plethora of human diseases, including, among others, cardiomyopathies, muscular dystrophies, progeria, blistering diseases of the epidermis, and neurodegenerative diseases. The major IF proteins that have been linked to cardiomyopathies and heart failure are the muscle-specific cytoskeletal IF protein desmin and the nuclear IF protein lamin, as a subgroup of the known desminopathies and laminopathies, respectively. The studies so far, both with healthy and diseased heart, have demonstrated the importance of these IF protein networks in intracellular and intercellular integration of structure and function, mechanotransduction and gene activation, cardiomyocyte differentiation and survival, mitochondrial homeostasis, and regulation of metabolism. The high coordination of all these processes is obviously of great importance for the maintenance of proper, life-lasting, and continuous contraction of this highly organized cardiac striated muscle and consequently a healthy heart. In this review, we will cover most known information on the role of IFs in the above processes and how their deficiency or disruption leads to cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tsikitis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Galata
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Mavroidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Stelios Psarras
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephesiou, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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22
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Brodehl A, Gaertner-Rommel A, Milting H. Molecular insights into cardiomyopathies associated with desmin (DES) mutations. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:983-1006. [PMID: 29926427 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing usage of next-generation sequencing techniques pushed during the last decade cardiogenetic diagnostics leading to the identification of a huge number of genetic variants in about 170 genes associated with cardiomyopathies, channelopathies, or syndromes with cardiac involvement. Because of the biochemical and cellular complexity, it is challenging to understand the clinical meaning or even the relevant pathomechanisms of the majority of genetic sequence variants. However, detailed knowledge about the associated molecular pathomechanism is essential for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies in future and genetic counseling. Mutations in DES, encoding the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin, have been identified in different kinds of cardiac and skeletal myopathies. Here, we review the functions of desmin in health and disease with a focus on cardiomyopathies. In addition, we will summarize the genetic and clinical literature about DES mutations and will explain relevant cell and animal models. Moreover, we discuss upcoming perspectives and consequences of novel experimental approaches like genome editing technology, which might open a novel research field contributing to the development of efficient and mutation-specific treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Anna Gaertner-Rommel
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development, Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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23
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Shanks GW, Tester DJ, Nishtala S, Evans JM, Ackerman MJ. Genomic Triangulation and Coverage Analysis in Whole-Exome Sequencing-Based Molecular Autopsies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.117.001828. [PMID: 28986455 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WEMA (Whole-Exome Molecular Autopsy) and surveillance of cardiac channelopathy and cardiomyopathy genes represents the latest molecular autopsy for sudden death in the young (SDY). To date, the majority of WEMA has been performed on the SDY case only. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed whole-exome sequencing and nucleotide-level coverage analysis on 28 SDY cases (18.4±7.8 years) and their parents to determine the inheritance patterns of ultrarare, nonsynonymous variants in 99 sudden death-susceptibility genes. Nonsynonymous variants were adjudicated using the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. Overall, 17 sudden death-susceptibility gene variants were identified in 12 of 28 (43%) SDY cases. On the basis of the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines, 6 of 28 (21%) cases had a pathogenic or likely pathogenic nonsynonymous variant with 3 (50%) being de novo. Two nonsynonymous variants would not have been elevated to likely pathogenic status without knowing their de novo status. Whole-exome sequencing reached a read depth of 10× across 90% of nucleotides within sudden death-susceptibility genes in 100% of parental exomes from fresh blood draw, compared with only 82% of autopsy-sourced SDY exomes. CONCLUSIONS An SDY-parent, trio-based WEMA may be an effective way of elucidating a monogenic cause of death and bringing clarity to otherwise ambiguous variants. If other studies confirm this relatively high rate of SDY cases stemming from de novo mutations, then the WEMA should become even more cost-effective given that the decedent's first-degree relatives should only need minimal cardiological evaluation. In addition, autopsy-sourced DNA demonstrated strikingly lower whole-exome sequencing coverage than DNA from fresh blood draw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W Shanks
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.J.T., M.J.A.), Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.N., J.M.E.), and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David J Tester
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.J.T., M.J.A.), Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.N., J.M.E.), and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sneha Nishtala
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.J.T., M.J.A.), Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.N., J.M.E.), and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jared M Evans
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.J.T., M.J.A.), Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.N., J.M.E.), and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- From the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (G.W.S., D.J.T., M.J.A.), Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases (D.J.T., M.J.A.), Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.N., J.M.E.), and Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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24
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Schirmer I, Dieding M, Klauke B, Brodehl A, Gaertner-Rommel A, Walhorn V, Gummert J, Schulz U, Paluszkiewicz L, Anselmetti D, Milting H. A novel desmin (DES) indel mutation causes severe atypical cardiomyopathy in combination with atrioventricular block and skeletal myopathy. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 6:288-293. [PMID: 29274115 PMCID: PMC5902401 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DES mutations cause different cardiac and skeletal myopathies. Most of them are missense mutations. Methods Using a next‐generation sequencing cardiac 174 gene panel, we identified a novel heterozygous in‐frame indel mutation (DES‐c.493_520del28insGCGT, p.Q165_A174delinsAS) in a Caucasian patient with cardiomyopathy in combination with atrioventricular block and skeletal myopathy. This indel mutation is located in the coding region of the first exon. Family anamnesis revealed a history of sudden cardiac death. We performed cell transfection experiments and in vitro assembly experiments to prove the pathogenicity of this novel DES indel mutation. Results These experiments revealed a severe filament formation defect of mutant desmin supporting the pathogenicity. In addition, we labeled a skeletal muscle biopsy from the mutation carrier revealing cytoplasmic desmin positive protein aggregates. In summary, we identified and functionally characterized a pathogenic DES indel mutation causing cardiac and skeletal myopathy. Conclusion Our study has relevance for the clinical and genetic interpretation of further DES indel mutations causing cardiac or skeletal myopathies and might be helpful for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Schirmer
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Mareike Dieding
- Faculty of Physics, Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bärbel Klauke
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Anna Gaertner-Rommel
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Volker Walhorn
- Faculty of Physics, Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schulz
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Lech Paluszkiewicz
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Faculty of Physics, Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Bielefeld Institute for Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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25
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Bermúdez-Jiménez FJ, Carriel V, Brodehl A, Alaminos M, Campos A, Schirmer I, Milting H, Abril BÁ, Álvarez M, López-Fernández S, García-Giustiniani D, Monserrat L, Tercedor L, Jiménez-Jáimez J. Novel Desmin Mutation p.Glu401Asp Impairs Filament Formation, Disrupts Cell Membrane Integrity, and Causes Severe Arrhythmogenic Left Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia. Circulation 2017; 137:1595-1610. [PMID: 29212896 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmin (DES) mutations cause severe skeletal and cardiac muscle disease with heterogeneous phenotypes. Recently, DES mutations were described in patients with inherited arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia, although their cellular and molecular pathomechanisms are not precisely known. Our aim is to describe clinically and functionally the novel DES-p.Glu401Asp mutation as a cause of inherited left ventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/dysplasia. METHODS We identified the novel DES mutation p.Glu401Asp in a large Spanish family with inherited left ventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/dysplasia and a high incidence of adverse cardiac events. A full clinical evaluation was performed on all mutation carriers and noncarriers to establish clinical and genetic cosegregation. In addition, desmin, and intercalar disc-related proteins expression were histologically analyzed in explanted cardiac tissue affected by the DES mutation. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from 2 family members with the DES mutation (1 with mild and 1 with severe symptomatology) and a member without the mutation (control) and differentiated ex vivo to cardiomyocytes. Then, important genes related to cardiac differentiation and function were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the p.Glu401Asp mutated DES gene was transfected into cell lines and analyzed by confocal microscopy. RESULTS Of the 66 family members screened for the DES-p.Glu401Asp mutation, 23 of them were positive, 6 were obligate carriers, and 2 were likely carriers. One hundred percent of genotype-positive patients presented data consistent with inherited arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/dysplasia phenotype with variable disease severity expression, high-incidence of sudden cardiac death, and absence of skeletal myopathy or conduction system disorders. Immunohistochemistry was compatible with inherited arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/dysplasia, and the functional study showed an abnormal growth pattern and cellular adhesion, reduced desmin RNA expression, and some other membrane proteins, as well, and desmin aggregates in transfected cells expressing the mutant desmin. CONCLUSIONS The DES-p.Glu401Asp mutation causes predominant inherited left ventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy/dysplasia with a high incidence of adverse clinical events in the absence of skeletal myopathy or conduction system disorders. The pathogenic mechanism probably corresponds to an alteration in desmin dimer and oligomer assembly and its connection with membrane proteins within the intercalated disc.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis
- Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Desmin/genetics
- Desmin/metabolism
- Electrocardiography
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/physiopathology
- Heart Ventricles/abnormalities
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Heredity
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Pedigree
- Phenotype
- Spain
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Bermúdez-Jiménez
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F., L.T., J.J.-J.).
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany (A.B., I.S., H.M.)
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
| | - Antonio Campos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
| | - Ilona Schirmer
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany (A.B., I.S., H.M.)
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Development, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany (A.B., I.S., H.M.)
| | - Beatriz Álvarez Abril
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F., L.T., J.J.-J.)
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
| | - Miguel Álvarez
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F., L.T., J.J.-J.)
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
| | - Silvia López-Fernández
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F., L.T., J.J.-J.)
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
| | | | - Lorenzo Monserrat
- Cardiology Department, Health in Code, A Coruña, Spain (D.G.-G., L.M.)
| | - Luis Tercedor
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F., L.T., J.J.-J.)
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
| | - Juan Jiménez-Jáimez
- Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F., L.T., J.J.-J.)
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (F.J.B.-J., B.A.A., M. Álvarez, S.L.-F, L.T., J.J.-J., V.C., M. Alaminos, A.C.)
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26
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Wang D, Liu S, Chen Y, Song J, Liu W, Xiong M, Wang G, Peng X, Qu J. Breaking the diffraction barrier using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering difference microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:10276-10286. [PMID: 28468401 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to improve the resolution of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS), and present a theoretical model. The proposed method, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering difference microscopy (CARS-D), is based on the intensity difference between two differently acquired images. One being the conventional CARS image, and the other obtained when the sample is illuminated by a doughnut shaped spot. The final super-resolution CARS-D image is constructed by intensity subtraction of these two images. However, there is a subtractive factor between them, and the theoretical model sets this factor to obtain the best imaging effect.
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27
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Ackerman JP, Bartos DC, Kapplinger JD, Tester DJ, Delisle BP, Ackerman MJ. The Promise and Peril of Precision Medicine: Phenotyping Still Matters Most. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:S0025-6196(16)30463-3. [PMID: 27810088 PMCID: PMC6365209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We illustrate the work necessary to reverse course after identification of a KCNQ1 variant interpreted erroneously as causing long QT syndrome (LQTS) and to identify the true cause of a case of sudden death in the young. Surrogate genetic testing of a decedent's living brother identified a rare KCNQ1-V133I variant, which prompted an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and subsequent diagnosis of LQTS in other family members. Subsequently, this presumed LQT1 family came to our institution for further clinical evaluation and research-based investigations, including KCNQ1-V133I variant-specific analysis of the decedent, heterologous expression studies of KCNQ1-V133I, and a whole-exome molecular autopsy along with genomic triangulation using his unaffected parents' DNA. After evaluating several V133I-positive family members, clinical doubt was cast on the veracity of the previously levied diagnosis of LQT1, resulting in a re-opening of the case and an intense pursuit of the lethal substrate. Furthermore, the decedent tested negative for V133I, and heterologous expression studies demonstrated a normal cellular phenotype for V133I-containing Kv7.1 channels. Instead, after whole-exome molecular autopsy, a de novo pathogenic variant (p.R454W) in DES-encoded desmin was identified. As detailed herein, the forensic evaluation of sudden death in the young requires meticulous focus on the decedent followed by a careful and deliberate assessment of the decedent's relatives. Surrogate genetic testing can have disastrous consequences and should be avoided. Genetic test results require careful scrutiny to avoid unintended and potentially devastating repercussions. Although the root cause of the decedent's tragic death would have remained a mystery, the unintended consequences for the living relatives described herein might have been avoided based on clinical grounds alone. All family members had electrocardiograms with normal QT intervals, making the diagnosis of familial LQTS unlikely. As such, if the clinicians caring for these patients had focused solely on clinical data from the survivors, there might have been no reason to embark on a path of inappropriate treatment based on genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeger P Ackerman
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Daniel C Bartos
- Department of Physiology, Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Jamie D Kapplinger
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David J Tester
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Abstract
Super resolution imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool in the arsenal of methods available to cell biologists. In recognition of its potential, the Nobel Prize for chemistry was awarded to three investigators involved in the development of super resolution imaging methods in 2014. The availability of commercial instruments for super resolution imaging has further spurred the development of new methods and reagents designed to take advantage of super resolution techniques. Super resolution offers the advantages traditionally associated with light microscopy, including the use of gentle fixation and specimen preparation methods, the ability to visualize multiple elements within a single specimen, and the potential to visualize dynamic changes in living specimens over time. However, imaging of living cells over time is difficult and super resolution imaging is computationally demanding. In this review, we discuss the advantages/disadvantages of different super resolution systems for imaging fixed live specimens, with particular regard to cytoskeleton structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Shelden
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zachary T Colburn
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan C R Jones
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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29
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Functional characterization of the novel DES mutation p.L136P associated with dilated cardiomyopathy reveals a dominant filament assembly defect. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:207-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Brodehl A, Ferrier RA, Hamilton SJ, Greenway SC, Brundler MA, Yu W, Gibson WT, McKinnon ML, McGillivray B, Alvarez N, Giuffre M, Schwartzentruber J, Gerull B. Mutations inFLNCare Associated with Familial Restrictive Cardiomyopathy. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:269-79. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Department of Cardiac Sciences; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Raechel A. Ferrier
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Sara J. Hamilton
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Steven C. Greenway
- Department of Cardiac Sciences; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Paediatrics; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Marie-Anne Brundler
- Department of Paediatrics; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Weiming Yu
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - William T. Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Margaret L. McKinnon
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Barbara McGillivray
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Nanette Alvarez
- Department of Cardiac Sciences; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Michael Giuffre
- Department of Cardiac Sciences; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | | | - Brenda Gerull
- Department of Cardiac Sciences; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services; Calgary Alberta Canada
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31
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Kant S, Krusche CA, Gaertner A, Milting H, Leube RE. Loss of plakoglobin immunoreactivity in intercalated discs in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: protein mislocalization versus epitope masking. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:260-71. [PMID: 26676851 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the relevance and cause of reduced plakoglobin IF in intercalated discs for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and ARVC-like disease in mouse and human. METHODS AND RESULTS Normalized semi-quantitative IF measurements were performed in a standardized format in desmoglein 2-mutant mice with an ARVC-like phenotype (n = 6) and in cardiac biopsies from humans with ARVC and non-ARVC heart disease (n = 10). Reduced plakoglobin staining was detectable in ARVC only with one antibody directed against a defined epitope but not with three other antibodies reacting with different epitopes of plakoglobin. CONCLUSIONS Reduced plakoglobin staining in intercalated discs of heart tissue from human ARVC patients and in a murine ARVC model is caused by alterations in epitope accessibility and not by protein relocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kant
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Claudia A Krusche
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Anna Gaertner
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Klinik für Thorax- und Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, Aachen 52074, Germany
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32
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Olausson P, Gerdle B, Ghafouri N, Sjöström D, Blixt E, Ghafouri B. Protein alterations in women with chronic widespread pain--An explorative proteomic study of the trapezius muscle. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11894. [PMID: 26150212 PMCID: PMC4493691 DOI: 10.1038/srep11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic widespread pain (CWP) has a high prevalence in the population and is associated with prominent negative individual and societal consequences. There is no clear consensus concerning the etiology behind CWP although alterations in the central processing of nociception maintained by peripheral nociceptive input has been suggested. Here, we use proteomics to study protein changes in trapezius muscle from 18 female patients diagnosed with CWP compared to 19 healthy female subjects. The 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in combination with multivariate statistical analyses revealed 17 proteins to be differently expressed between the two groups. Proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Many of the proteins are important enzymes in metabolic pathways like the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Other proteins are associated with muscle damage, muscle recovery, stress and inflammation. The altered expressed levels of these proteins suggest abnormalities and metabolic changes in the myalgic trapezius muscle in CWP. Taken together, this study gives further support that peripheral factors may be of importance in maintaining CWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Olausson
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland
| | - Nazdar Ghafouri
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland
| | - Dick Sjöström
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland
| | - Emelie Blixt
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland
| | - Bijar Ghafouri
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University and Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Specialty Surgery Center, Region Östergötland
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Ramspacher C, Steed E, Boselli F, Ferreira R, Faggianelli N, Roth S, Spiegelhalter C, Messaddeq N, Trinh L, Liebling M, Chacko N, Tessadori F, Bakkers J, Laporte J, Hnia K, Vermot J. Developmental Alterations in Heart Biomechanics and Skeletal Muscle Function in Desmin Mutants Suggest an Early Pathological Root for Desminopathies. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1564-76. [PMID: 26051936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Desminopathies belong to a family of muscle disorders called myofibrillar myopathies that are caused by Desmin mutations and lead to protein aggregates in muscle fibers. To date, the initial pathological steps of desminopathies and the impact of desmin aggregates in the genesis of the disease are unclear. Using live, high-resolution microscopy, we show that Desmin loss of function and Desmin aggregates promote skeletal muscle defects and alter heart biomechanics. In addition, we show that the calcium dynamics associated with heart contraction are impaired and are associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum dilatation as well as abnormal subcellular distribution of Ryanodine receptors. Our results demonstrate that desminopathies are associated with perturbed excitation-contraction coupling machinery and that aggregates are more detrimental than Desmin loss of function. Additionally, we show that pharmacological inhibition of aggregate formation and Desmin knockdown revert these phenotypes. Our data suggest alternative therapeutic approaches and further our understanding of the molecular determinants modulating Desmin aggregate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ramspacher
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Emily Steed
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Francesco Boselli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Faggianelli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Stéphane Roth
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Coralie Spiegelhalter
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Messaddeq
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Le Trinh
- Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael Liebling
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Nikhil Chacko
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Karim Hnia
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67404 Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
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Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. Fluorescent proteins for live-cell imaging with super-resolution. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1088-106. [PMID: 24056711 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) from the GFP family have become indispensable as marker tools for imaging live cells, tissues and entire organisms. A wide variety of these proteins have been isolated from natural sources and engineered to optimize their properties as genetically encoded markers. Here we review recent developments in this field. A special focus is placed on photoactivatable FPs, for which the fluorescence emission can be controlled by light irradiation at specific wavelengths. They enable regional optical marking in pulse-chase experiments on live cells and tissues, and they are essential marker tools for live-cell optical imaging with super-resolution. Photoconvertible FPs, which can be activated irreversibly via a photo-induced chemical reaction that either turns on their emission or changes their emission wavelength, are excellent markers for localization-based super-resolution microscopy (e.g., PALM). Patterned illumination microscopy (e.g., RESOLFT), however, requires markers that can be reversibly photoactivated many times. Photoswitchable FPs can be toggled repeatedly between a fluorescent and a non-fluorescent state by means of a light-induced chromophore isomerization coupled to a protonation reaction. We discuss the mechanistic origins of the effect and illustrate how photoswitchable FPs are employed in RESOLFT imaging. For this purpose, special FP variants with low switching fatigue have been introduced in recent years. Despite nearly two decades of FP engineering by many laboratories, there is still room for further improvement of these important markers for live cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straβe 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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35
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Hedde PN, Nienhaus GU. Super-resolution localization microscopy with photoactivatable fluorescent marker proteins. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:349-62. [PMID: 24162869 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) have become popular imaging tools because of their high specificity, minimal invasive labeling and allowing visualization of proteins and structures inside living organisms. FPs are genetically encoded and expressed in living cells, therefore, labeling involves minimal effort in comparison to approaches involving synthetic dyes. Photoactivatable FPs (paFPs) comprise a subclass of FPs that can change their absorption/emission properties such as brightness and color upon irradiation. This methodology has found a broad range of applications in the life sciences, especially in localization-based super-resolution microscopy of cells, tissues and even entire organisms. In this review, we discuss recent developments and applications of paFPs in super-resolution localization imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Niklas Hedde
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
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36
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Ishitsuka Y, Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU. Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins for super-resolution microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1148:239-60. [PMID: 24718806 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0470-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques such as simulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) allow substructures, organelles or even proteins within a cell to be imaged with a resolution far below the diffraction limit of ~200 nm. The development of advanced fluorescent proteins, especially photoactivatable fluorescent proteins of the GFP family, has greatly contributed to the successful application of these techniques to live-cell imaging. Here, we will illustrate how two fluorescent proteins with different photoactivation mechanisms can be utilized in high resolution dual color PALM imaging to obtain insights into a cellular process that otherwise would not be accessible. We will explain how to set up and perform the experiment and how to use our latest software "a-livePALM" for fast and efficient data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ishitsuka
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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37
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Brodehl A, Dieding M, Klauke B, Dec E, Madaan S, Huang T, Gargus J, Fatima A, Saric T, Cakar H, Walhorn V, Tönsing K, Skrzipczyk T, Cebulla R, Gerdes D, Schulz U, Gummert J, Svendsen JH, Olesen MS, Anselmetti D, Christensen AH, Kimonis V, Milting H. The novel desmin mutant p.A120D impairs filament formation, prevents intercalated disk localization, and causes sudden cardiac death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:615-23. [PMID: 24200904 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intermediate filament protein desmin is encoded by the gene DES and contributes to the mechanical stabilization of the striated muscle sarcomere and cell contacts within the cardiac intercalated disk. DES mutations cause severe skeletal and cardiac muscle diseases with heterogeneous phenotypes. Recently, DES mutations were also found in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Currently, the cellular and molecular pathomechanisms of the DES mutations leading to this disease are not exactly known. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified the 2 novel variants DES-p.A120D (c.359C>A) and DES-p.H326R (c.977A>G), which were characterized by cell culture experiments and atomic force microscopy. Family analysis indicated a broad spectrum of cardiomyopathies with a striking frequency of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths. The in vitro experiments of desmin-p.A120D reveal a severe intrinsic filament formation defect causing cytoplasmic aggregates in cell lines and of the isolated recombinant protein. Model variants of codon 120 indicated that ionic interactions contribute to this filament formation defect. Ex vivo analysis of ventricular tissue slices revealed a loss of desmin staining within the intercalated disk and severe cytoplasmic aggregate formation, whereas z-band localization was not affected. The functional experiments of desmin-p.H326R did not demonstrate any differences from wild type. CONCLUSIONS Because of the functional in vivo and in vitro characterization, DES-p.A120D has to be regarded as a pathogenic mutation and DES-p.H326R as a rare variant with unknown significance. Presumably, the loss of the desmin-p. A120D filament localization at the intercalated disk explains its clinical arrhythmogenic potential.
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38
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Breaking the diffraction barrier using fluorescence emission difference microscopy. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1441. [PMID: 23486546 PMCID: PMC3595927 DOI: 10.1038/srep01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel physical mechanism for breaking the diffraction barrier in the far field. Termed fluorescence emission difference microscopy (FED), our approach is based on the intensity difference between two differently acquired images. When fluorescence saturation is applied, the resolving ability of FED can be further enhanced. A detailed theoretical analysis and a series of simulation tests are performed. The validity of FED in practical use is demonstrated by experiments on fluorescent nanoparticles and biological cells in which a spatial resolution of <λ/4 is achieved. Featuring the potential to realize a high imaging speed, this approach may be widely applied in nanoscale investigations.
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39
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Lorenzon A, Beffagna G, Bauce B, De Bortoli M, Li Mura IE, Calore M, Dazzo E, Basso C, Nava A, Thiene G, Rampazzo A. Desmin mutations and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2013; 111:400-5. [PMID: 23168288 PMCID: PMC3554957 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited heart muscle disease characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the myocardium and ventricular arrhythmias, associated with mutations in the desmosomal genes. Only a missense mutation in the DES gene coding for desmin, the intermediate filament protein expressed by cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, has been recently associated with ARVC. We screened 91 ARVC index cases (53 negative for mutations in desmosomal genes and an additional 38 carrying desmosomal gene mutations) for DES mutations. Two rare missense variants were identified. The heterozygous p.K241E substitution was detected in 1 patient affected with a severe form of ARVC who also carried the p.T816RfsX10 mutation in plakophilin-2 gene. This DES substitution, showing an allele frequency of <0.01 in the control population, is predicted to cause an intolerant amino acid change in a highly conserved protein domain. Thus, it can be considered a rare variant with a possible modifier effect on the phenotypic expression of the concomitant mutation. The previously known p.A213V substitution was identified in 1 patient with ARVC who was negative for mutations in the desmosomal genes. Because a greater prevalence of p.A213V has been reported in patients with heart dilation than in control subjects, the hypothesis that this rare variant could have an unfavorable effect on cardiac remodeling cannot be ruled out. In conclusion, our data help to establish that, in the absence of skeletal muscle involvement suggestive of a desminopathy, the probability of DES mutations in ARVC is very low. These findings have important implications in the mutation screening strategy for patients with ARVC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara Bauce
- Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Martina Calore
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Nava
- Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gaetano Thiene
- Department of Cardiothoracic-Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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40
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Harder A, Dieding M, Walhorn V, Degenhard S, Brodehl A, Wege C, Milting H, Anselmetti D. Apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy of sparsely labeled tobacco mosaic viruses and the intermediate filament desmin. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 4:510-6. [PMID: 24062977 PMCID: PMC3778390 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.4.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Both fluorescence imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are highly versatile and extensively used in applications ranging from nanotechnology to life sciences. In fluorescence microscopy luminescent dyes serve as position markers. Moreover, they can be used as active reporters of their local vicinity. The dipolar coupling of the tip with the incident light and the fluorophore give rise to a local field and fluorescence enhancement. AFM topographic imaging allows for resolutions down to the atomic scale. It can be operated in vacuum, under ambient conditions and in liquids. This makes it ideal for the investigation of a wide range of different samples. Furthermore an illuminated AFM cantilever tip apex exposes strongly confined non-propagating electromagnetic fields that can serve as a coupling agent for single dye molecules. Thus, combining both techniques by means of apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (aSNOM) enables concurrent high resolution topography and fluorescence imaging. Commonly, among the various (apertureless) SNOM approaches metallic or metallized probes are used. Here, we report on our custom-built aSNOM setup, which uses commercially available monolithic silicon AFM cantilevers. The field enhancement confined to the tip apex facilitates an optical resolution down to 20 nm. Furthermore, the use of standard mass-produced AFM cantilevers spares elaborate probe production or modification processes. We investigated tobacco mosaic viruses and the intermediate filament protein desmin. Both are mixed complexes of building blocks, which are fluorescently labeled to a low degree. The simultaneous recording of topography and fluorescence data allows for the exact localization of distinct building blocks within the superordinate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Harder
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics and Bielefeld Institute for Biophysics and Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mareike Dieding
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics and Bielefeld Institute for Biophysics and Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volker Walhorn
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics and Bielefeld Institute for Biophysics and Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sven Degenhard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstraße 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, T2N4Z6, AB, Canada
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research & Development (EHKI), Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstraße 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics and Bielefeld Institute for Biophysics and Nanoscience (BINAS), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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