1
|
Pierzynowska K, Wychowański P, Zaworski K, Woliński J, Donaldson J, Pierzynowski S. Anti-Incretin Gut Features Induced by Feed Supplementation with Alpha-Amylase: Studies on EPI Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16177. [PMID: 38003366 PMCID: PMC10671445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The acini-islet-acinar (AIA) axis concept justifies the anatomical placement of the Langerhans islets within the exocrine pancreatic parenchyma and explains the existence of the pancreas as a single organ. Amylase has been suggested to play a key role as an anti-incretin factor. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed on 18 piglets in both a healthy (prior to pancreatic duct ligation (PDL) surgery, study Day 10) and an exocrine pancreatic insufficient (EPI) state (30 days after PDL, study Day 48)). Amylase (4000 units/feeding) or Creon® (100,000 units/feeding) was administered to pigs with the morning and evening meals, according to study design randomization, for 37 days following the first OGTT. Blood glucose levels, as well as plasma levels of insulin, GLP-1, and GIP, were measured, and the HOMA-IR index was calculated. EPI status did not affect the area under the curve (AUC) of insulin release, fasting insulin levels, or the HOMA-IR index, while amylase supplementation led to a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the above-mentioned parameters. At the same time, EPI led to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in GLP-1 levels, and neither amylase nor Creon® supplementation had any effects on this EPI-related increase. Fasting plasma levels of GIP were not affected by EPI; however, the GIP response in EPI and Amylase-treated EPI animals was significantly lower (p < 0.05) when compared to that of the intact, healthy pigs. Orally administered amylase induces gut anti-incretin action, normalizing glucose homeostasis and reducing HOMA-IR as a long-term outcome, thus lowering the risk of diabetes type II development. Amylase has long-lasting anti-incretin effects, and one could consider the existence of a long-lasting gut memory for amylase, which decreases hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia for up to 16 h after the last exposure of the gut to amylase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Pierzynowska
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden;
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (K.Z.); (J.W.)
- Anara AB, 231 32 Trelleborg, Sweden; (P.W.); (J.D.)
| | - Piotr Wychowański
- Anara AB, 231 32 Trelleborg, Sweden; (P.W.); (J.D.)
- Department of Head and Neck and Sensory Organs, Division of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Gemelli Foundation for the University Policlinic, Catholic University of the “Sacred Heart”, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
- Specialized Private Implantology Clinic Wychowanski Stomatologia, 02-517 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Zaworski
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (K.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jarosław Woliński
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (K.Z.); (J.W.)
- Large Animal Models Laboratory, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Janine Donaldson
- Anara AB, 231 32 Trelleborg, Sweden; (P.W.); (J.D.)
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (WITS), Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Stefan Pierzynowski
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden;
- Anara AB, 231 32 Trelleborg, Sweden; (P.W.); (J.D.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pierzynowski SG, Stier C, Pierzynowska K. Hypothesis that alpha-amylase evokes regulatory mechanisms originating in the pancreas, gut and circulation, which govern glucose/insulin homeostasis. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1341-1348. [PMID: 37771332 PMCID: PMC10523231 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i9.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-incretin theory involving the abolishment of diabetes type (DT) II by some of methods used in bariatric surgery, first appeared during the early years of the XXI century and considers the existence of anti-incretin substances. However, to date no exogenous or endogenous anti-incretins have been found. Our concept of the acini-islet-acinar axis assumes that insulin intra-pancreatically stimulates alpha-amylase synthesis ("halo phenomenon") and in turn, alpha-amylase reciprocally inhibits insulin production, thus making alpha-amylase a candidate for being an anti-incretin. Additionally, gut as well as plasma alpha-amylase, of pancreatic and other origins, inhibits the appearance of dietary glucose in the blood, lowering the glucose peak after iv or oral glucose loading. This effect of alpha-amylase can be interpreted as an insulin down regulatory mechanism, possibly limiting the depletion of pancreatic beta cells and preventing their failure. Clinical observations agree with the above statements, where patients with high blood alpha-amylase concentrations are seldom obese and seldom develop DT2. Obese-DT2, as well as DT1 patients, usually develop exo-crine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and vice versa. Ultimately, DT2 patients develop DT1, when the pancreatic beta cells are exhausted and insulin production ceases. Studies on biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and on BPD with duodenal switch, a type of bariatric surgery, as well as studies on EPI pigs, allow us to observe and investigate the above-mentioned phenomena of intra-pancreatic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Pierzynowski
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin 20090, Poland
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
- Anara AB, Trelleborg 23132, Sweden
| | - Christine Stier
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular, and Pediatric Surgery and Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg 97080, Germany
- Department of Surgical Endoscopy, Sana Hospital, Huerth 50354, Germany
| | - Kateryna Pierzynowska
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 22362, Sweden
- Anara AB, Trelleborg 23132, Sweden
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Jablonna 05110, Poland
- Anagram Therapeutics, Inc, Framingham, MA 01701, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antidiabetic Potential of Novel 1,3,5-Trisubstituted-2-Thioxoimidazloidin-4-One Analogues: Insights into α-Glucosidase, α-Amylase, and Antioxidant Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121576. [PMID: 36559028 PMCID: PMC9785777 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the ninth leading cause of death globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be the worst chronic metabolic disease requiring an enormous need for healthcare with over 578 million expected cases by 2023. Several recent findings have demonstrated that mediating the activity of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase, could be a potential strategy for managing the development of DM. In the presented study, a novel set of 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones was designed, synthesized, and characterized. The antidiabetic activity of the synthesized compounds was explored by assessing their inhibitory activity toward α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The results demonstrated that this class of compounds exhibits considerable inhibitory activity toward both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 5a demonstrated the most inhibitory activity with IC50 of 5.08 and µg/mL and 0.21 µg/mL toward α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, respectively, as compared to the drug Acarbose (IC50 = 5.76 µg/mL and 0.39 µg/mL, respectively). To gain insights into the antidiabetic potential of compound 5a, we assessed the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. Our findings indicated that compound 5a displays considerable cytotoxicity toward WI-38 cells with an IC50 of 88.54 µg/mL, as compared to the drug Celecoxib (IC50 = 93.05 µg/mL). Further, compound 5a exhibited a high scavenging activity toward 2,2-Diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals (IC50 = 51.75 µg/mL) and showed a low potential to produce ROS as indicated by the monitoring of the generated H2O2 (132.4 pg/mL), as compared to Trolox (IC50 = 58.09 µg/mL) and Celecoxib (171.6 pg/mL). Finally, we performed extensive molecular modeling studies to affirm the binding affinity of this class of compounds to the binding pocket of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Collectively, our findings indicate that this class of compounds, particularly compound 5a, could be utilized as a lead structure for the development of novel compounds with potential antidiabetic and antioxidant activities.
Collapse
|
4
|
Locia‐Morales D, Vázquez‐Moreno M, González‐Dzib R, Domínguez‐Hernández C, Pérez‐Herrera A, Robles‐Ramírez RJ, Rocha‐Cruz A, Meyre D, Flores‐Alfaro E, Cruz M. Association of total and pancreatic serum amylase enzymatic activity with insulin resistance and the glucose and insulin responses to oral starch test in Mexican children. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12965. [PMID: 36350201 PMCID: PMC9787783 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Little is known about the effect of serum amylase enzymatic activity on glucose metabolism. We investigated the association of serum amylase enzymatic activity with fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance (IR), and the plasma glucose and insulin response to an oral starch test (OST) in Mexican children. METHODS Anthropometric data, glucose and insulin levels, and the serum enzymatic activity of total (AMYt), salivary (AMY1), and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase were analysed in 764 children (Nnormal weight = 427/Nobesity = 337). After categorization into low (LA) and high (HA) AMYt, an OST with commercial white bread was performed in 39 children (Nnormal weight = 17/Nobesity = 22). RESULTS A positive association between serum enzymatic activity of AMY2 and IR was observed in children with obesity (p = 0.018). Children with normal weight had lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST than children with obesity (Pglucose = 4.1 × 10-12 ; Pinsulin = 2.1 × 10-15 ). Compared with the LA group, children with HA showed lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST (Pglucose ≤ 0.040; Pinsulin ≤ 0.015). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AMY2 is positively associated with IR. A high level of AMYt is related to lower glucose and insulin responses to OST in Mexican children, regardless of their weight status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Locia‐Morales
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Vázquez‐Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Roxana González‐Dzib
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Carmen Domínguez‐Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Aleyda Pérez‐Herrera
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaInstituto Politécnico Nacional‐Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral‐Regional Unidad OaxacaOaxaca CityMexico
| | - Roberto J. Robles‐Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - Alberto Rocha‐Cruz
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada,Faculty of Medicine of Nancy INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance,Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and NutritionUniversity Hospital of NancyNancyFrance
| | - Eugenia Flores‐Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation for the Inhibitory Action of O. basilicum Methanol Extract on α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5515775. [PMID: 34306136 PMCID: PMC8279857 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5515775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that predominates, nowadays. It causes hyperglycemia and consequently major health complications. Type II diabetes is the most common form and is a result of insulin resistance in the target tissues. To treat this disease, several mechanisms have been proposed. The most direct route is via inhibiting the intestinal enzymes, e.g., α-glucosidase and α-amylase, responsible for intestinal polysaccharide digestion that therefore would reduce the absorption of monosugars through the intestinal walls. In this study, we shed the light on this route by testing the inhibitory effect of Ocimum basilicum extract on the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase in vitro and in silico. Experimental procedures were performed to test the effect of the O. basilicum methanol extract from aerial parts followed by the in silico docking. 500 μg/mL of the extract led to 70.2% ± 8.6 and 25.4% ± 3.3 inhibition on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity, respectively. Similarly, the effect of caffeic acid, a major extract ingredient, was also tested, and it caused 42.7% ± 3.0 and 47.1% ± 4.0 inhibition for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Docking experiments were performed to predict the phytochemicals responsible for this robust inhibitory activity in the O. basilicum extracts. Several compounds have shown variable levels of inhibition, e.g., caffeic acid, pyroglutamic acid, and uvasol. The results indicated that O. basilicum can be a potent antidiabetic drug.
Collapse
|
6
|
Date K, Yamazaki T, Toyoda Y, Hoshi K, Ogawa H. α-Amylase expressed in human small intestinal epithelial cells is essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:1238-1249. [PMID: 31478242 PMCID: PMC6973164 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
α-Amylase, which plays an essential role in starch degradation, is expressed mainly in the pancreas and salivary glands. Human α-amylase is also detected in other tissues, but it is unclear whether the α-amylase is endogenously expressed in each tissue or mixed exogenously with one expressed by the pancreas or salivary glands. Furthermore, the biological significance of these α-amylases detected in tissues other than the pancreas and salivary glands has not been elucidated. We discovered that human α-amylase is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells and analyzed the effects of suppressing α-amylase expression. α-Amylase was found to be expressed at the second-highest messenger RNA level in the duodenum in human normal tissues after the pancreas. α-Amylase was detected in the cell extract of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells but not secreted into the culture medium. The amount of α-amylase expressed increased depending on the length of the culture of Caco-2 cells, suggesting that α-amylase is expressed in small intestine epithelial cells rather than the colon because the cells differentiate spontaneously upon reaching confluence in culture to exhibit the characteristics of small intestinal epithelial cells rather than colon cells. The α-amylase expressed in Caco-2 cells had enzymatic activity and was identified as AMY2B, one of the two isoforms of pancreatic α-amylase. The suppression of α-amylase expression by small interfering RNA inhibited cell differentiation and proliferation. These results demonstrate for the first time that α-amylase is expressed in human intestinal epithelial cells and affects cell proliferation and differentiation. This α-amylase may induce the proliferation and differentiation of small intestine epithelial cells, supporting a rapid turnover of cells to maintain a healthy intestinal lumen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Date
- Institute for Human Life InnovationOchanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Tomomi Yamazaki
- National Institute of Health and NutritionNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Toyama, Shinjuku‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Yoko Toyoda
- Graduate School of Humanities and SciencesOchanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Kumi Hoshi
- Graduate School of Humanities and SciencesOchanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Institute for Human Life InnovationOchanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
- Graduate School of Humanities and SciencesOchanomizu University, Ohtsuka, Bunkyo‐kuTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Azzout-Marniche D, Chaumontet C, Piedcoq J, Khodorova N, Fromentin G, Tomé D, Gaudichon C, Even PC. High Pancreatic Amylase Expression Promotes Adiposity in Obesity-Prone Carbohydrate-Sensitive Rats. J Nutr 2019; 149:270-279. [PMID: 30753533 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported large differences in adiposity (fat mass/body weight) gain between rats fed a low-fat, high-starch diet, leading to their classification into carbohydrate "sensitive" and "resistant" rats. In sensitive animals, fat accumulates in visceral adipose tissues, leading to the suggestion that this form of obesity could be responsible for rapid development of metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether increased amylase secretion by the pancreas and accelerated starch degradation in the intestine could be responsible for this phenotype. METHOD Thirty-two male Wistar rats (7-wk-old) were fed a purified low-fat (10%), high-carbohydrate diet for 6 wk, in which most of the carbohydrate (64% by energy) was provided as corn starch. Meal tolerance tests of the Starch diet were performed to measure glucose and insulin responses to meal ingestion. Indirect calorimetry combined with use of 13C-labelled dietary starch was used to assess meal-induced changes in whole body and starch-derived glucose oxidation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess mRNA expression in pancreas, liver, white and brown adipose tissues, and intestine. Amylase activity was measured in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum contents. ANOVA and regression analyses were used for statistical comparisons. RESULTS "Resistant" and "sensitive" rats were separated according to adiposity gain during the study (1.73% ± 0.20% compared with 4.35% ± 0.36%). Breath recovery of 13CO2 from 13C-labelled dietary starch was higher in "sensitive" rats, indicating a larger increase in whole body glucose oxidation and, conversely, a larger decrease in lipid oxidation. Amylase mRNA expression in pancreas, and amylase activity in jejunum, were also higher in sensitive rats. CONCLUSION Differences in digestion of starch can promote visceral fat accumulation in rats when fed a low-fat, high-starch diet. This mechanism may have important implications in human obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Azzout-Marniche
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaumontet
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Julien Piedcoq
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Nadezda Khodorova
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Fromentin
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Claire Gaudichon
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Patrick C Even
- UMR Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pierzynowski SG, Gregory PC, Filip R, Woliński J, Pierzynowska KG. Glucose homeostasis dependency on acini-islet-acinar (AIA) axis communication: a new possible pathophysiological hypothesis regarding diabetes mellitus. Nutr Diabetes 2018; 8:55. [PMID: 30293998 PMCID: PMC6174155 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-018-0062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have highlighted the existence of two intra-pancreatic axes of communication: one involved in the regulation of enzyme production by insulin-the insular-acinar axis; and another involved in the regulation of insulin release by pancreatic enzymes-the acini-insular axis. Previous studies by our laboratory show that pancreatic enzymes can affect blood glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion independently of their digestive functions, both from the gut lumen and probably from the blood. As a result we would like to introduce here the concept of acini-islet-acinar (AIA) axis communication (feedback), which could play an important role in the development of obesity and diabetes type 2. The AIA feedback links the endocrine and exocrine parts of the pancreas and emphasizes the essential role that the pancreas plays, as a single organ, in the regulation of glucose homeostasis by amylase most probably in gut epithelium and by insulin and glucagon in peripheral blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G Pierzynowski
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden. .,Anara AB/SGPlus, Alfågelgränden 24, 23132, Trelleborg, Sweden. .,PROF/Vitanano Sp.z o.o., Woronieckiego 1a-13, 20491, Lublin, Poland. .,Department of Medical Biology., Inst, Rural Medicine, Jaczewskiego 2, 20950, Lublin, Poland. .,Innovation Centre - STB, Skarszewska 23, 83100, Tczew, Poland.
| | - Peter C Gregory
- PROF/Vitanano Sp.z o.o., Woronieckiego 1a-13, 20491, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit of Clinical Hospital 2, University of Rzeszow, Lwowska 60, Rzeszow, 35301, Poland
| | - Jarosław Woliński
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Kateryna Goncharova Pierzynowska
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362, Lund, Sweden. .,Anara AB/SGPlus, Alfågelgränden 24, 23132, Trelleborg, Sweden. .,PROF/Vitanano Sp.z o.o., Woronieckiego 1a-13, 20491, Lublin, Poland. .,Innovation Centre - STB, Skarszewska 23, 83100, Tczew, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Madunić IV, Breljak D, Karaica D, Koepsell H, Sabolić I. Expression profiling and immunolocalization of Na +-D-glucose-cotransporter 1 in mice employing knockout mice as specificity control indicate novel locations and differences between mice and rats. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1545-1565. [PMID: 28842746 PMCID: PMC5691098 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression and localization of sodium-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 (SLC5A1), which is involved in small intestinal glucose absorption and renal glucose reabsorption, is of high biomedical relevance because SGLT1 inhibitors are currently tested for antidiabetic therapy. In human and rat organs, detailed expression profiling of SGLT1/Sglt1 mRNA and immunolocalization of the transporter protein has been performed. Using polyspecific antibodies and preabsorption with antigenic peptide as specificity control, in several organs, different immunolocalizations of SGLT1/Sglt1 between human and rat were obtained. Because the preabsorption control does not exclude cross-reactivity with similar epitopes, some localizations remained ambiguous. In the present study, we performed an immunocytochemical localization of Sglt1 in various organs of mice. Specificities of the immunoreactions were evaluated using antibody preabsorption with the Sglt1 peptide and the respective organs of Sglt1 knockout mice. Because staining in some locations was abolished after antibody preabsorption but remained in the knockout mice, missing staining in knockout mice was used as specificity criterion. The immunolocalization in mouse was identical or similar to rat in many organs, including small intestine, liver, and kidney. However, the male-dominant renal Sglt1 protein expression in mice differed from the female-dominant expression in rats, and localization in lung, heart, and brain observed in rats was not detected in mice. In mice, several novel locations of Sglt1, e.g., in eyes, tongue epithelial cells, pancreatic ducts, prostate, and periurethral glands were detected. Using end-point and quantitative RT-PCR in various organs, different Sglt1 expression in mice and rats was confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vrhovac Madunić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davorka Breljak
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dean Karaica
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Sabolić
- Molecular Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Experiments suggesting extra-digestive effects of enteral pancreatic amylase and its peptides on glucose homeostasis in a pig model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8628. [PMID: 28819193 PMCID: PMC5561192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The studies presented were designed to highlight the impact of pancreatic enzymes on glycemic control and insulin response. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were monitored after intravenous, oral or direct gut glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in 6 pigs with an intact gastrointestinal tract and in 12 pigs following duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery. In the intact pigs, pancreatic enzymes (Creon®) given orally 1 h prior to the GTT, lowered the blood glucose levels during the oral and meal GTT and reduced the plasma insulin response during the intravenous and meal GTT. In DJB pigs, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were higher following glucose loading into the by-passed biliopancreatic limb as compared to that following glucose loading orally or into the common intestinal limb. Infusion of amylase or amylase peptides together with glucose into the biliopancreatic limb lowered blood glucose levels in DJB pigs. These preliminary data suggest new, extra-digestive, actions of enteral pancreatic enzymes – probably amylase or its peptides – on glucose homeostasis, with an reduction in net glucose absorption into the blood and in insulin response. This ability of digestive enzymes (amylase) to reduce post-prandial hyperglycaemia in an insulin-independent manner could aid in preventing the development of obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Date K, Satoh A, Iida K, Ogawa H. Pancreatic α-Amylase Controls Glucose Assimilation by Duodenal Retrieval through N-Glycan-specific Binding, Endocytosis, and Degradation. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17439-50. [PMID: 26023238 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.594937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amylase, a major pancreatic protein and starch hydrolase, is essential for energy acquisition. Mammalian pancreatic α-amylase binds specifically to glycoprotein N-glycans in the brush-border membrane to activate starch digestion, whereas it significantly inhibits glucose uptake by Na(+)/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) at high concentrations (Asanuma-Date, K., Hirano, Y., Le, N., Sano, K., Kawasaki, N., Hashii, N., Hiruta, Y., Nakayama, K., Umemura, M., Ishikawa, K., Sakagami, H., and Ogawa, H. (2012) Functional regulation of sugar assimilation by N-glycan-specific interaction of pancreatic α-amylase with glycoproteins of duodenal brush border membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 23104-23118). However, how the inhibition is stopped was unknown. Here, we show a new mechanism for the regulation of intestinal glucose absorption. Immunohistochemistry revealed that α-amylase in the duodena of non-fasted, but not fasted, pigs was internalized from the pancreatic fluid and immunostained. We demonstrated that after N-glycan binding, pancreatic α-amylase underwent internalization into lysosomes in a process that was inhibited by α-mannoside. The internalized α-amylase was degraded, showing low enzymatic activity and molecular weight at the basolateral membrane. In a human intestinal Caco-2 cell line, Alexa Fluor 488-labeled pancreatic α-amylase bound to the cytomembrane was transported to lysosomes through the endocytic pathway and then disappeared, suggesting degradation. Our findings indicate that N-glycan recognition by α-amylase protects enterocytes against a sudden increase in glucose concentration and restores glucose uptake by gradual internalization, which homeostatically controls the postprandial blood glucose level. The internalization of α-amylase may also enhance the supply of amino acids required for the high turnover of small intestine epithelial cells. This study provides novel and significant insights into the control of blood sugar during the absorption stage in the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Date
- From the Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences and
| | - Ayano Satoh
- the Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Iida
- From the Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences and
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- From the Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences and Glycoscience Institute, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan and
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ogawa H, Kusumi I, Ogata A, Wada A, Sakagami H, Mitsuhashi K, Date K. Autoactivation of pancreatic trypsinogen is controlled by carbohydrate-specific interaction. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:569-75. [PMID: 25637872 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Activation of bovine pancreatic trypsinogen (BPTG) by trypsin (BPT) was found to be inhibited by d GalN/GalNAc at pH 5.5, the pH of secretory granules in the pancreas. Binding studies with biotinylated sugar-polymers indicated that BPTG and BPT bind to α-GalNAc, α-Man, and α-Gal better at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.5. Ultraviolet-difference spectra indicated that BPTG binding to α-GalNAc differs substantially from BPTG binding to other sugars. The N-α-benzoyl-d,l-arginine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride-hydrolyzing activity of BPT was only slightly affected by these sugars. The results indicate that the binding of GalNAc - containing glycoconjugates protects BPTG from autoactivation, and this may be a self-defense mechanism against intrapancreatic activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Ogawa
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan; Glycoscience Institute, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Izumi Kusumi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Aya Ogata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Arisa Wada
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakagami
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kana Mitsuhashi
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Kimie Date
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Program Overview * Conference Program * Conference Posters * Conference Abstracts. Glycobiology 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
14
|
Yoshida M, Watanabe Y, Yamanishi K, Yamashita A, Yamamoto H, Okuzaki D, Shimada K, Nojima H, Yasunaga T, Okamura H, Matsunaga H, Yamanishi H. Analysis of genes causing hypertension and stroke in spontaneously hypertensive rats: gene expression profiles in the brain. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:887-96. [PMID: 24452243 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) are frequently used as rat models not only of essential hypertension and stroke, but also of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) are used as the control rats in these cases. An increasing number of studies has demonstrated the critical role of the central nervous system in the development and maintenance of hypertension. In a previous study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles in the adrenal glands of SHR. Thus, in this study, we analyzed gene expression profiles in the brains of SHR in order to identify the genes responsible for causing hypertension and stroke, as well as those involved in ADHD. Using genome-wide microarray technology, we examined the gene expression profiles in the brains of 3 rat strains (SHR, SHRSP and WKY) when the rats were 3 and 6 weeks of age, a period in which the rats are considered to be in a pre-hypertensive state. Gene expression profiles in the brain were compared between SHR and WKY, and between SHRSP and SHR. A total of 179 genes showing a >4- or <-4-fold change in expression were isolated, and candidate genes were selected using two different web tools: the first tool was the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), which was used to search for significantly enriched genes, and categorized them using Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and the second was the network explorer of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), which was used to search for interaction networks among SHR- and SHRSP-specific genes. The IPA of SHR-specific genes revealed that prostaglandin E receptor 4 (Ptger4) is one of the candidate genes responsible for causing hypertension in SHR, and that albumin (Alb) and chymase 1 (Cma1) are also responsible for causing hypertension in SHR in the presence of angiotensinogen (Agt). Similar analyses of SHRSP-specific genes revealed that the angiotensin II receptor-associated gene (Agtrap) interacts with the FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos), and with the angiotensin II receptor type-1b (Agtr1b). As Agtrap and Agtr1b not only participate in the 'uptake of norepinephrine' and 'blood pressure', but also in the 'behavior' of SHRSP at 6 weeks of age, our data demonstrate a close association between hypertension and ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Yoshida
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0122, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0122, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamashita
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- DNA-Chip Development Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0122, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nojima
- DNA-Chip Development Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teruo Yasunaga
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruki Okamura
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hisato Matsunaga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yamanishi
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0122, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Date K, Ogawa H. Preparation of affinity adsorbents and purification of lectins from natural sources. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1200:53-67. [PMID: 25117224 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1292-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are purified by affinity chromatography to take advantage of their carbohydrate-specific interactions. Highly efficient affinity adsorbents are powerful tools to obtain homogeneous lectins with distinct specificities. Here, we describe three methods to prepare affinity adsorbents by immobilizing carbohydrates or glycoconjugates on agarose gel beads. Because the ligands are immobilized via a stable and nonionic linkage under mild conditions, the adsorbents possess high binding capacity for lectins with low nonspecific adsorption and can withstand repeated use. The procedures require neither specialized techniques and apparatus nor highly toxic compounds. Using these adsorbents, many plant and animal lectins can be purified in a few steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimie Date
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences and Glycoscience Institute, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Lectin poisoning occurred in Japan in 2006 after a TV broadcast that introduced a new diet of eating staple foods with powdered toasted white kidney beans, seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris. Although the method is based on the action of a heat-stable α-amylase inhibitor in the beans, phaseolamin, more than 1,000 viewers who tried the method suffered from acute intestinal symptoms and 100 people were hospitalized. Lectins in the white kidney beans were suspected to be the cause of the trouble. We were asked to investigate the lectin activity remaining in the beans after the heat treatment recommended on the TV program. The test suggested that the heat treatment was insufficient to inactivate the lectin activity, which, combined with our ignorance of carbohydrate signaling in the intestine, was the cause of the problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Ogawa
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences and Glycoscience Institute, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan,
| | | |
Collapse
|