1
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Liu YP, He B, Wang WX, Pan WL, Jiao L, Yan JJ, Sun SC, Zhang Y. PKD regulates mitophagy to prevent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction during mouse oocyte maturation. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101946. [PMID: 39147088 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play dominant roles in various cellular processes such as energy production, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, and oxidation-reduction balance. Maintaining mitochondrial quality through mitophagy is essential, especially as its impairment leads to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria in aging oocytes. Our previous research revealed that PKD expression decreases in aging oocytes, and its inhibition negatively impacts oocyte quality. Given PKD's role in autophagy mechanisms, this study investigates whether PKD regulates mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial function and support oocyte maturation. When fully grown oocytes were treated with CID755673, a potent PKD inhibitor, we observed meiosis arrest at the metaphase I stage, along with decreased spindle stability. Our results demonstrate an association with mitochondrial dysfunction, including reduced ATP production and fluctuations in Ca2+ homeostasis, which ultimately lead to increased ROS accumulation, stimulating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and DNA damage. Further research has revealed that these phenomena result from PKD inhibition, which affects the phosphorylation of ULK, thereby reducing autophagy levels. Additionally, PKD inhibition leads to decreased Parkin expression, which directly and negatively affects mitophagy. These defects result in the accumulation of damaged mitochondria in oocytes, which is the primary cause of mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, these findings suggest that PKD regulates mitophagy to support mitochondrial function and mouse oocyte maturation, offering insights into potential targets for improving oocyte quality and addressing mitochondrial-related diseases in aging females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Lin Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Sakai Y, Shimizu T, Tsunekawa M, Hisamoto N, Matsumoto K. Rhotekin regulates axon regeneration through the talin-Vinculin-Vinexin axis in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011089. [PMID: 38150455 PMCID: PMC10752531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration requires actomyosin interaction, which generates contractile force and pulls the regenerating axon forward. In Caenorhabditis elegans, TLN-1/talin promotes axon regeneration through multiple down-stream events. One is the activation of the PAT-3/integrin-RHO-1/RhoA GTPase-LET-502/ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase)-regulatory non-muscle myosin light-chain (MLC) phosphorylation signaling pathway, which is dependent on the MLC scaffolding protein ALP-1/ALP-Enigma. The other is mediated by the F-actin-binding protein DEB-1/vinculin and is independent of the MLC phosphorylation pathway. In this study, we identified the svh-7/rtkn-1 gene, encoding a homolog of the RhoA-binding protein Rhotekin, as a regulator of axon regeneration in motor neurons. However, we found that RTKN-1 does not function in the RhoA-ROCK-MLC phosphorylation pathway in the regulation of axon regeneration. We show that RTKN-1 interacts with ALP-1 and the vinculin-binding protein SORB-1/vinexin, and that SORB-1 acts with DEB-1 to promote axon regeneration. Thus, RTKN-1 links the DEB-1-SORB-1 complex to ALP-1 and physically connects phosphorylated MLC on ALP-1 to the actin cytoskeleton. These results suggest that TLN-1 signaling pathways coordinate MLC phosphorylation and recruitment of phosphorylated MLC to the actin cytoskeleton during axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sakai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayuka Tsunekawa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Hisamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Matsumoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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3
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Yan Y, Liu S, Hu C, Xie C, Zhao L, Wang S, Zhang W, Cheng Z, Gao J, Fu X, Yang Z, Wang X, Zhang J, Lin L, Shi A. RTKN-1/Rhotekin shields endosome-associated F-actin from disassembly to ensure endocytic recycling. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211976. [PMID: 33844824 PMCID: PMC8047894 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cargo sorting and the subsequent membrane carrier formation require a properly organized endosomal actin network. To better understand the actin dynamics during endocytic recycling, we performed a genetic screen in C. elegans and identified RTKN-1/Rhotekin as a requisite to sustain endosome-associated actin integrity. Loss of RTKN-1 led to a prominent decrease in actin structures and basolateral recycling defects. Furthermore, we showed that the presence of RTKN-1 thwarts the actin disassembly competence of UNC-60A/cofilin. Consistently, in RTKN-1–deficient cells, UNC-60A knockdown replenished actin structures and alleviated the recycling defects. Notably, an intramolecular interaction within RTKN-1 could mediate the formation of oligomers. Overexpression of an RTKN-1 mutant form that lacks self-binding capacity failed to restore actin structures and recycling flow in rtkn-1 mutants. Finally, we demonstrated that SDPN-1/Syndapin acts to direct the recycling endosomal dwelling of RTKN-1 and promotes actin integrity there. Taken together, these findings consolidated the role of SDPN-1 in organizing the endosomal actin network architecture and introduced RTKN-1 as a novel regulatory protein involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoyi Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linyue Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinghu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenrong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Cell Architecture Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Cell Architecture Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Wan X, Wang H, Li X, Pan Z, Sun S. Loss of PKC mu function induces cytoskeletal defects in mouse oocyte meiosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18513-18523. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Lan‐Lan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Hong‐Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xiao‐Han Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Zhen‐Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Shao‐Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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5
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Jensch A, Frey Y, Bitschar K, Weber P, Schmid S, Hausser A, Olayioye MA, Radde NE. The tumor suppressor protein DLC1 maintains protein kinase D activity and Golgi secretory function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14407-14416. [PMID: 30045871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many newly synthesized cellular proteins pass through the Golgi complex from where secretory transport carriers sort them to the plasma membrane and the extracellular environment. The formation of these secretory carriers at the trans-Golgi network is promoted by the protein kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases. Here, using mathematical modeling and experimental validation of the PKD activation and substrate phosphorylation kinetics, we reveal that the expression level of the PKD substrate deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1), a Rho GTPase-activating protein that is inhibited by PKD-mediated phosphorylation, determines PKD activity at the Golgi membranes. RNAi-mediated depletion of DLC1 reduced PKD activity in a Rho-Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK)-dependent manner, impaired the exocytosis of the cargo protein horseradish peroxidase, and was associated with the accumulation of the small GTPase RAB6 on Golgi membranes, indicating a protein-trafficking defect. In summary, our findings reveal that DLC1 maintains basal activation of PKD at the Golgi and Golgi secretory activity, in part by down-regulating Rho-ROCK signaling. We propose that PKD senses cytoskeletal changes downstream of DLC1 to coordinate Rho signaling with Golgi secretory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Jensch
- From the Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control and
| | - Yannick Frey
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany and
| | - Katharina Bitschar
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany and
| | - Patrick Weber
- From the Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control and
| | - Simone Schmid
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany and
| | - Angelika Hausser
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany and.,the Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany and .,the Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicole E Radde
- From the Institute for Systems Theory and Automatic Control and .,the Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Function and Regulation of Protein Kinase D in Oxidative Stress: A Tale of Isoforms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2138502. [PMID: 29854077 PMCID: PMC5944262 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2138502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition that arises when cells are faced with levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that destabilize the homeostatic redox balance. High levels of ROS can cause damage to macromolecules including DNA, lipids, and proteins, eventually resulting in cell death. Moderate levels of ROS however serve as signaling molecules that can drive and potentiate several cellular phenotypes. Increased levels of ROS are associated with a number of diseases including neurological disorders and cancer. In cancer, increased ROS levels can contribute to cancer cell survival and proliferation via the activation of several signaling pathways. One of the downstream effectors of increased ROS is the protein kinase D (PKD) family of kinases. In this review, we will discuss the regulation and function of this family of ROS-activated kinases and describe their unique isoform-specific features, in terms of both kinase regulation and signaling output.
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7
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Proteomic Identification of Heat Shock-Induced Danger Signals in a Melanoma Cell Lysate Used in Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3982942. [PMID: 29744371 PMCID: PMC5878886 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3982942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with cancer cell-derived lysates have become a promising tool in cancer immunotherapy. During the last decade, we demonstrated that vaccination of advanced melanoma patients with autologous tumor antigen presenting cells (TAPCells) loaded with an allogeneic heat shock- (HS-) conditioned melanoma cell-derived lysate (called TRIMEL) is able to induce an antitumor immune response associated with a prolonged patient survival. TRIMEL provides not only a broad spectrum of potential melanoma-associated antigens but also danger signals that are crucial in the induction of a committed mature DC phenotype. However, potential changes induced by heat conditioning on the proteome of TRIMEL are still unknown. The identification of newly or differentially expressed proteins under defined stress conditions is relevant for understanding the lysate immunogenicity. Here, we characterized the proteomic profile of TRIMEL in response to HS treatment. A quantitative label-free proteome analysis of over 2800 proteins was performed, with 91 proteins that were found to be regulated by HS treatment: 18 proteins were overexpressed and 73 underexpressed. Additionally, 32 proteins were only identified in the HS-treated TRIMEL and 26 in non HS-conditioned samples. One protein from the overexpressed group and two proteins from the HS-exclusive group were previously described as potential damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Some of the HS-induced proteins, such as haptoglobin, could be also considered as DAMPs and candidates for further immunological analysis in the establishment of new putative danger signals with immunostimulatory functions.
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8
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Chang YW, Huang YS. Midbody localization of vinexin recruits rhotekin to facilitate cytokinetic abscission. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:2046-2057. [PMID: 28118077 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1284713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinexin is a SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein that has diverse roles in cell adhesion, signal transduction, gene regulation and stress granule assembly. In this study, we found that vinexin localizes at the midbody during cell division and facilitates cytokinesis. Knockdown of vinexin in HeLa cells delayed the mitotic cell cycle progression and increased the time of cell abscission and the failure to resolve the cytoplasmic bridge. Midbody-localized vinexin is essential for recruiting rhotekin to this structure for cytokinesis because overexpression of a vinexin mutant without a rhotekin-binding motif or knockdown of rhotekin also impaired cytokinetic abscission and increased the number of cells arrested at the midbody stage. Aberrant expression of vinexin and rhotekin in various cancers has been implicated to promote metastasis because of their functions in cell adhesion and signaling. Our findings reveal a novel role of vinexin and rhotekin in cytokinetic abscission and provide another perspective of how both molecules may affect oncogenic transformation via this fundamental cell cycle process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chang
- a Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- a Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei , Taiwan
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9
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Williams SP, Gould CM, Nowell CJ, Karnezis T, Achen MG, Simpson KJ, Stacker SA. Systematic high-content genome-wide RNAi screens of endothelial cell migration and morphology. Sci Data 2017; 4:170009. [PMID: 28248931 PMCID: PMC5332011 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cell types undergo migration during embryogenesis and disease. Endothelial cells line blood vessels and lymphatics, which migrate during development as part of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and other types of vessel remodelling. These processes are also important in wound healing, cancer metastasis and cardiovascular conditions. However, the molecular control of endothelial cell migration is poorly understood. Here, we present a dataset containing siRNA screens that identify known and novel components of signalling pathways regulating migration of lymphatic endothelial cells. These components are compared to signalling in blood vascular endothelial cells. Further, using high-content microscopy, we captured a dataset of images of migrating cells following transfection with a genome-wide siRNA library. These datasets are suitable for the identification and analysis of genes involved in endothelial cell migration and morphology, and for computational approaches to identify signalling networks controlling the migratory response and integration of cell morphology, gene function and cell signaling. This may facilitate identification of protein targets for therapeutically modulating angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the context of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Williams
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Cathryn M Gould
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marc G Achen
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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10
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Xie L, Chiang ET, Wu X, Kelly GT, Kanteti P, Singleton PA, Camp SM, Zhou T, Dudek SM, Natarajan V, Wang T, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Jacobson JR. Regulation of Thrombin-Induced Lung Endothelial Cell Barrier Disruption by Protein Kinase C Delta. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158865. [PMID: 27442243 PMCID: PMC4956111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase C (PKC) plays a significant role in thrombin-induced loss of endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity; however, the existence of more than 10 isozymes of PKC and tissue-specific isoform expression has limited our understanding of this important second messenger in vascular homeostasis. In this study, we show that PKCδ isoform promotes thrombin-induced loss of human pulmonary artery EC barrier integrity, findings substantiated by PKCδ inhibitory studies (rottlerin), dominant negative PKCδ construct and PKCδ silencing (siRNA). In addition, we identified PKCδ as a signaling mediator upstream of both thrombin-induced MLC phosphorylation and Rho GTPase activation affecting stress fiber formation, cell contraction and loss of EC barrier integrity. Our inhibitor-based studies indicate that thrombin-induced PKCδ activation exerts a positive feedback on Rho GTPase activation and contributes to Rac1 GTPase inhibition. Moreover, PKD (or PKCμ) and CPI-17, two known PKCδ targets, were found to be activated by PKCδ in EC and served as modulators of cytoskeleton rearrangement. These studies clarify the role of PKCδ in EC cytoskeleton regulation, and highlight PKCδ as a therapeutic target in inflammatory lung disorders, characterized by the loss of barrier integrity, such as acute lung injury and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Xie
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eddie T Chiang
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Prasad Kanteti
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patrick A Singleton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Steven M Black
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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11
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Wang J, Sinnett-Smith J, Stevens JV, Young SH, Rozengurt E. Biphasic Regulation of Yes-associated Protein (YAP) Cellular Localization, Phosphorylation, and Activity by G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists in Intestinal Epithelial Cells: A NOVEL ROLE FOR PROTEIN KINASE D (PKD). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17988-8005. [PMID: 27369082 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the regulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) localization, phosphorylation, and transcriptional activity in intestinal epithelial cells. Our results show that stimulation of intestinal epithelial IEC-18 cells with the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist angiotensin II, a potent mitogen for these cells, induced rapid translocation of YAP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (within 15 min) and a concomitant increase in YAP phosphorylation at Ser(127) and Ser(397) Angiotensin II elicited YAP phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation in a dose-dependent manner (ED50 = 0.3 nm). Similar YAP responses were provoked by stimulation with vasopressin or serum. Treatment of the cells with the protein kinase D (PKD) family inhibitors CRT0066101 and kb NB 142-70 prevented the increase in YAP phosphorylation on Ser(127) and Ser(397) via Lats2, YAP cytoplasmic accumulation, and increase in the mRNA levels of YAP/TEAD-regulated genes (Ctgf and Areg). Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 markedly attenuated YAP nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling, phosphorylation at Ser(127), and induction of Ctgf and Areg expression in response to GPCR activation. These results identify a novel role for the PKD family in the control of biphasic localization, phosphorylation, and transcriptional activity of YAP in intestinal epithelial cells. In turn, YAP and TAZ are necessary for the stimulation of the proliferative response of intestinal epithelial cells to GPCR agonists that act via PKD. The discovery of interaction between YAP and PKD pathways identifies a novel cross-talk in signal transduction and demonstrates, for the first time, that the PKDs feed into the YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - James Sinnett-Smith
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, and the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Jan V Stevens
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Steven H Young
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California 90073
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- From the Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, and the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California 90073 Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095 and
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12
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Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Aicart-Ramos C, García-Guerra L, Pose-Utrilla J, Rodríguez-Crespo I, Iglesias T. Protein kinase D interacts with neuronal nitric oxide synthase and phosphorylates the activatory residue serine 1412. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95191. [PMID: 24740233 PMCID: PMC3989272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) is the biosynthetic enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (·NO) production in muscles and in the nervous system. This constitutive enzyme, unlike its endothelial and inducible counterparts, presents an N-terminal PDZ domain known to display a preference for PDZ-binding motifs bearing acidic residues at -2 position. In a previous work, we discovered that the C-terminal end of two members of protein kinase D family (PKD1 and PKD2) constitutes a PDZ-ligand. PKD1 has been shown to regulate multiple cellular processes and, when activated, becomes autophosphorylated at Ser916, a residue located at -2 position of its PDZ-binding motif. Since nNOS and PKD are spatially enriched in postsynaptic densities and dendrites, the main objective of our study was to determine whether PKD1 activation could result in a direct interaction with nNOS through their respective PDZ-ligand and PDZ domain, and to analyze the functional consequences of this interaction. Herein we demonstrate that PKD1 associates with nNOS in neurons and in transfected cells, and that kinase activation enhances PKD1-nNOS co-immunoprecipitation and subcellular colocalization. However, transfection of mammalian cells with PKD1 mutants and yeast two hybrid assays showed that the association of these two enzymes does not depend on PKD1 PDZ-ligand but its pleckstrin homology domain. Furthermore, this domain was able to pull-down nNOS from brain extracts and bind to purified nNOS, indicating that it mediates a direct PKD1-nNOS interaction. In addition, using mass spectrometry we demonstrate that PKD1 specifically phosphorylates nNOS in the activatory residue Ser1412, and that this phosphorylation increases nNOS activity and ·NO production in living cells. In conclusion, these novel findings reveal a crucial role of PKD1 in the regulation of nNOS activation and synthesis of ·NO, a mediator involved in physiological neuronal signaling or neurotoxicity under pathological conditions such as ischemic stroke or neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Sánchez-Ruiloba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Aicart-Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía García-Guerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Pose-Utrilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Crespo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IRC); (TI)
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (IRC); (TI)
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Abstract
Aldosterone regulates blood pressure through its effects on the kidney and the cardiovascular system. Dysregulation of aldosterone signalling can result in hypertension which in turn can lead to chronic pathologies of the kidney such as renal fibrosis and nephropathy. Aldosterone acts by binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor in target tissues such as segments of the distal nephron including the connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct (CCD). Aldosterone also promotes the activation of protein kinase signalling cascades that are coupled to growth factor receptors and act directly on specific substrates in the cell membrane or cytoplasm. The rapid actions of aldosterone can also modulate gene expression through the phosphorylation of transcription factors. Aldosterone is a key regulator of Na(+) conservation in the distal nephron, largely through multiple mechanisms that modulate the activity of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). Aldosterone transcriptionally up-regulates the ENaCα subunit and also up regulates serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) that indirectly regulates the ubiquitination of ENaC subunits. Aldosterone promotes the activation of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) which can modify the activity of ENaC and other transporters through effects on sub-cellular trafficking. In M1-CCD cells, early sub-cellular trafficking causes the redistribution of ENaC subunits within minutes of treatment with aldosterone. ENaC subunits can also interact directly with phosphatidylinositide signalling intermediates in the membrane and the mechanism by which PKD isoforms regulate protein trafficking is through the control of vesicle fission from the trans Golgi network by activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinaseIIIβ (PI4KIIIβ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Quinn
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Warren Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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14
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Selimovic D, Badura HE, El-Khattouti A, Soell M, Porzig BBOW, Spernger A, Ghanjati F, Santourlidis S, Haikel Y, Hassan M. Vinblastine-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is mediated by Ras homologous A protein (Rho A) via mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms. Apoptosis 2014; 18:980-97. [PMID: 23564313 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of melanoma treatment at the primary site, the recurrence of local melanoma can metastasize to any distant organ. Currently, the available therapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma are of limited benefit. Thus, the functional analysis of conventional therapies may help to improve their efficiency in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. In the present study, the exposure of melanoma cells to vinblastine was found to trigger apoptosis as evidenced by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of both cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor, activation of caspase-9 and 3, and cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose)-Polymerase. Also, vinblastine enhances the phosphorylation of Ras homologous protein A, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, the release of intracellular Ca(2+), as well as the activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-jun-N-terminal kinase, p38, inhibitor of kappaBα (IκBα) kinase, and inositol requiring enzyme 1α. In addition, vinblastine induces the DNA-binding activities of the transcription factor NF-κB, HSF1, AP-1, and ATF-2, together with the expression of HSP70 and Bax proteins. Moreover, inhibitory experiments addressed a central role for Rho A in the regulation of vinblastine-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells via mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms. In conclusion, the present study addresses for the first time a central role for Rho A in the modulation of vinblastine-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells and thereby provides an insight into the molecular action of vinblastine in melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, Faculty of Medicine and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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15
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Borges S, Döppler H, Perez EA, Andorfer CA, Sun Z, Anastasiadis PZ, Thompson E, Geiger XJ, Storz P. Pharmacologic reversion of epigenetic silencing of the PRKD1 promoter blocks breast tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R66. [PMID: 23971832 PMCID: PMC4052945 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation-induced silencing of genes encoding tumor suppressors is common in many types of cancer, but little is known about how such epigenetic silencing can contribute to tumor metastasis. The PRKD1 gene encodes protein kinase D1 (PKD1), a serine/threonine kinase that is expressed in cells of the normal mammary gland, where it maintains the epithelial phenotype by preventing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. METHODS The status of PRKD1 promoter methylation was analyzed by reduced representation bisulfite deep sequencing, methylation-specific PCR (MSP-PCR) and in situ MSP-PCR in invasive and noninvasive breast cancer lines, as well as in humans in 34 cases of "normal" tissue, 22 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ, 22 cases of estrogen receptor positive, HER2-negative (ER+/HER2-) invasive lobular carcinoma, 43 cases of ER+/HER2- invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), 93 cases of HER2+ IDC and 96 cases of triple-negative IDC. A reexpression strategy using the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine was used in vitro in MDA-MB-231 cells as well as in vivo in a tumor xenograft model and measured by RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of PKD1 reexpression on cell invasion was analyzed in vitro by transwell invasion assay. Tumor growth and metastasis were monitored in vivo using the IVIS Spectrum Pre-clinical In Vivo Imaging System. RESULTS Herein we show that the gene promoter of PRKD1 is aberrantly methylated and silenced in its expression in invasive breast cancer cells and during breast tumor progression, increasing with the aggressiveness of tumors. Using an animal model, we show that reversion of PRKD1 promoter methylation with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine restores PKD1 expression and blocks tumor spread and metastasis to the lung in a PKD1-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the status of epigenetic regulation of the PRKD1 promoter can provide valid information on the invasiveness of breast tumors and therefore could serve as an early diagnostic marker. Moreover, targeted upregulation of PKD1 expression may be used as a therapeutic approach to reverse the invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells.
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16
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Döppler HR, Bastea LI, Lewis-Tuffin LJ, Anastasiadis PZ, Storz P. Protein kinase D1-mediated phosphorylations regulate vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) localization and cell migration. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24382-93. [PMID: 23846685 PMCID: PMC3750140 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.474676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Enabled/Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (Ena/VASP) protein family members link actin dynamics and cellular signaling pathways. VASP localizes to regions of dynamic actin reorganization such as the focal adhesion contacts, the leading edge or filopodia, where it contributes to F-actin filament elongation. Here we identify VASP as a novel substrate for protein kinase D1 (PKD1). We show that PKD1 directly phosphorylates VASP at two serine residues, Ser-157 and Ser-322. These phosphorylations occur in response to RhoA activation and mediate VASP re-localization from focal contacts to the leading edge region. The net result of this PKD1-mediated phosphorylation switch in VASP is increased filopodia formation and length at the leading edge. However, such signaling when persistent induced membrane ruffling and decreased cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike R. Döppler
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Ligia I. Bastea
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Laura J. Lewis-Tuffin
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Panos Z. Anastasiadis
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Peter Storz
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
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17
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Abstract
RhoA is one of the more extensively studied members of the Rho family of small GTPase where it is most readily recognized for its contributions to actin-myosin contractility and stress fiber formation. Accordingly, RhoA function during cell migration has been relegated to the rear of the cell where it mediates retraction of the trailing edge. However, RhoA can also mediate membrane ruffling, lamellae formation and membrane blebbing, thus suggesting an active role in membrane protrusions at the leading edge. With the advent of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Rho activity reporters, RhoA has been shown to be active at the leading edge of migrating cells where it precedes Rac and Cdc42 activation. These observations demonstrate a remarkable versatility to RhoA signaling, but how RhoA function can switch between contraction and protrusion has remained an enigma. This review highlights recent advances regarding how the cooperation of Rho effector Rhotekin and S100A4 suppresses stress fiber generation to permit RhoA-mediated lamellae formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Chen
- University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY
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18
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Olayioye MA, Barisic S, Hausser A. Multi-level control of actin dynamics by protein kinase D. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1739-47. [PMID: 23688773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic actin remodeling is fundamental to processes such as cell motility, vesicle trafficking, and cytokinesis. Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine-threonine kinase known to be involved in diverse biological functions ranging from vesicle fission at the Golgi complex to regulation of cell motility and invasion. This review addresses the role of PKD in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton with a particular emphasis on the substrates associated with this function. We further highlight the multi-level control of actin dynamics by PKD and suggest that the tight spatio-temporal control of PKD activity is critical for the coordination of directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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Ferdaoussi M, Bergeron V, Zarrouki B, Kolic J, Cantley J, Fielitz J, Olson EN, Prentki M, Biden T, MacDonald PE, Poitout V. G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)40-dependent potentiation of insulin secretion in mouse islets is mediated by protein kinase D1. Diabetologia 2012; 55:2682-2692. [PMID: 22820510 PMCID: PMC3543464 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Activation of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)40 by long-chain fatty acids potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic beta cells, and GPR40 agonists are in clinical development for type 2 diabetes therapy. GPR40 couples to the G protein subunit Gα(q/11) but the signalling cascade activated downstream is unknown. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms of GPR40-dependent potentiation of GSIS by fatty acids. METHODS Insulin secretion in response to glucose, oleate or diacylglycerol (DAG) was assessed in dynamic perifusions and static incubations in islets from wild-type (WT) and Gpr40 (-/-) mice. Depolymerisation of filamentous actin (F-actin) was visualised by phalloidin staining and epifluorescence. Pharmacological and molecular approaches were used to ascertain the roles of protein kinase D (PKD) and protein kinase C delta in GPR40-mediated potentiation of GSIS. RESULTS Oleate potentiates the second phase of GSIS, and this effect is largely dependent upon GPR40. Accordingly, oleate induces rapid F-actin remodelling in WT but not in Gpr40 (-/-) islets. Exogenous DAG potentiates GSIS in both WT and Gpr40 (-/-) islets. Oleate induces PKD phosphorylation at residues Ser-744/748 and Ser-916 in WT but not Gpr40 (-/-) islets. Importantly, oleate-induced F-actin depolymerisation and potentiation of GSIS are lost upon pharmacological inhibition of PKD1 or deletion of Prkd1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that the signalling cascade downstream of GPR40 activation by fatty acids involves activation of PKD1, F-actin depolymerisation and potentiation of second-phase insulin secretion. These results provide important information on the mechanisms of action of GPR40, a novel drug target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ferdaoussi
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Technopole Angus, 2901 Rachel Est, Montréal, QC, Canada, H1W 4A4
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - V Bergeron
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Technopole Angus, 2901 Rachel Est, Montréal, QC, Canada, H1W 4A4
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Zarrouki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Technopole Angus, 2901 Rachel Est, Montréal, QC, Canada, H1W 4A4
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Kolic
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Cantley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Fielitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Medical Department, Division of Cardiology, Charité University, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - E N Olson
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Internal Medicine, and Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M Prentki
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Technopole Angus, 2901 Rachel Est, Montréal, QC, Canada, H1W 4A4
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - T Biden
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology and the Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - V Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Technopole Angus, 2901 Rachel Est, Montréal, QC, Canada, H1W 4A4.
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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20
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Coupling S100A4 to Rhotekin alters Rho signaling output in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:3754-64. [PMID: 22964635 PMCID: PMC3525797 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rho signaling is increasingly recognized to contribute to invasion and metastasis. In this study, we discovered that metastasis-associated protein S100A4 interacts with the Rho-binding domain (RBD) of Rhotekin, thus connecting S100A4 to the Rho pathway. Glutathione S-transferase pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that S100A4 specifically and directly binds to Rhotekin RBD, but not the other Rho effector RBDs. S100A4 binding to Rhotekin is calcium-dependent and uses residues distinct from those bound by active Rho. Interestingly, we found that S100A4 and Rhotekin can form a complex with active RhoA. Using RNA interference, we determined that suppression of both S100A4 and Rhotekin leads to loss of Rho-dependent membrane ruffling in response to epidermal growth factor, an increase in contractile F-actin 'stress' fibers and blocks invasive growth in three-dimensional culture. Accordingly, our data suggest that interaction of S100A4 and Rhotekin permits S100A4 to complex with RhoA and switch Rho function from stress fiber formation to membrane ruffling to confer an invasive phenotype.
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21
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Young SH, Rozengurt N, Sinnett-Smith J, Rozengurt E. Rapid protein kinase D1 signaling promotes migration of intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G356-66. [PMID: 22595992 PMCID: PMC3423107 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00025.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the role of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) signaling in intestinal epithelial cell migration. Wounding monolayer cultures of intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-18 or IEC-6 induced rapid PKD1 activation in the cells immediately adjacent to the wound edge, as judged by immunofluorescence microscopy with an antibody that detects the phosphorylated state of PKD1 at Ser(916), an autophosphorylation site. An increase in PKD1 phosphorylation at Ser(916) was evident as early as 45 s after wounding, reached a maximum after 3 min, and persisted for ≥15 min. PKD1 autophosphorylation at Ser(916) was prevented by the PKD family inhibitors kb NB 142-70 and CRT0066101. A kb NB 142-70-sensitive increase in PKD autophosphorylation was also elicited by wounding IEC-6 cells. Using in vitro kinase assays after PKD1 immunoprecipitation, we corroborated that wounding IEC-18 cells induced rapid PKD1 catalytic activation. Further results indicate that PKD1 signaling is required to promote migration of intestinal epithelial cells into the denuded area of the wound. Specifically, treatment with kb NB 142-70 or small interfering RNAs targeting PKD1 markedly reduced wound-induced migration in IEC-18 cells. To test whether PKD1 promotes migration of intestinal epithelial cells in vivo, we used transgenic mice that express elevated PKD1 protein in the small intestinal epithelium. Enterocyte migration was markedly increased in the PKD1 transgenic mice. These results demonstrate that PKD1 activation is one of the early events initiated by wounding a monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells and indicate that PKD1 signaling promotes the migration of these cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H. Young
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nora Rozengurt
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James Sinnett-Smith
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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22
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Yuasa K, Nagame T, Dohi M, Yanagita Y, Yamagami S, Nagahama M, Tsuji A. cGMP-dependent protein kinase I is involved in neurite outgrowth via a Rho effector, rhotekin, in Neuro2A neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:239-44. [PMID: 22503686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although the cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) signaling is involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth, its mechanism remains to be clarified. In this study, we identified a Rho effector, rhotekin, as a cGK-I-interacting protein. Rhotekin was also a substrate for cGK-Iα. In neurite-extended Neuro2A neuroblastoma cells, cGK-Iα and rhotekin were colocalized in the plasma membrane and extended neurites, while treatment with cGMP resulted in translocation of rhotekin to the cytoplasm. In addition, we found that cGK-Iα and rhotekin synergistically suppressed Rho-induced neurite retraction. Our findings suggest that cGK-Iα interacts with and phosphorylates rhotekin, thereby contributing to neurite outgrowth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Yuasa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
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