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Eldeeb D, Okada H, Suzuki Y, Seki M, Tanaka J, Mishima K, Chung UI, Ohba S, Hojo H. Exploring the role of DNMT1 in dental papilla cell fate specification during mouse tooth germ development through integrated single-cell transcriptomics and bulk RNA sequencing. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:530-538. [PMID: 38942194 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms governing dental mesenchymal cell commitment during tooth development, focusing on odontoblast differentiation and the role of epigenetic regulation in this process. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of dental cells from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) mice to understand the heterogeneity of developing tooth germ cells. Computational analyses including gene regulatory network (GRN) assessment were conducted. We validated our findings using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in vitro loss-of-function analyses using the DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor Gsk-3484862 in primary dental mesenchymal cells (DMCs) isolated from E14.5 mouse tooth germs. Bulk RNA-seq of Gsk-3484862-treated DMCs was performed to identify potential downstream targets of DNMT1. RESULTS scRNA-seq analysis revealed diverse cell populations within the tooth germs, including epithelial, mesenchymal, immune, and muscle cells. Using single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC), we identified Dnmt1 as a key regulator of early odontoblast development. IHC analysis showed the ubiquitous expression of DNMT1 in the dental papilla and epithelium. Bulk RNA-seq of cultured DMCs showed that Gsk-3484862 treatment upregulated odontoblast-related genes, whereas genes associated with cell division and the cell cycle were downregulated. Integrated analysis of bulk RNA-seq data with scRNA-seq SCENIC profiles was used to identify the potential Dnmt1 target genes. CONCLUSIONS Dnmt1 may negatively affect odontoblast commitment and differentiation during tooth development. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tooth development and future development of hard-tissue regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Eldeeb
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Japan
| | - Kenji Mishima
- Division of Pathology, Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Japan.
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Lanzillotti C, Iaquinta MR, De Pace R, Mosaico M, Patergnani S, Giorgi C, Tavoni M, Dapporto M, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Montesi M, Martini F, Mazzoni E. Osteosarcoma cell death induced by innovative scaffolds doped with chemotherapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31256. [PMID: 38591855 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) cancer treatments include systemic chemotherapy and surgical resection. In the last years, novel treatment approaches have been proposed, which employ a drug-delivery system to prevent offside effects and improves treatment efficacy. Locally delivering anticancer compounds improves on high local concentrations with more efficient tumour-killing effect, reduced drugs resistance and confined systemic effects. Here, the synthesis of injectable strontium-doped calcium phosphate (SrCPC) scaffold was proposed as drug delivery system to combine bone tissue regeneration and anticancer treatment by controlled release of methotrexate (MTX) and doxorubicin (DOX), coded as SrCPC-MTX and SrCPC-DOX, respectively. The drug-loaded cements were tested in an in vitro model of human OS cell line SAOS-2, engineered OS cell line (SAOS-2-eGFP) and U2-OS. The ability of doped scaffolds to induce OS cell death and apoptosis was assessed analysing cell proliferation and Caspase-3/7 activities, respectively. To determine if OS cells grown on doped-scaffolds change their migratory ability and invasiveness, a wound-healing assay was performed. In addition, the osteogenic potential of SrCPC material was evaluated using human adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells. Osteogenic markers such as (i) the mineral matrix deposition was analysed by alizarin red staining; (ii) the osteocalcin (OCN) protein expression was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test, and (iii) the osteogenic process was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction array. The delivery system induced cell-killing cytotoxic effects and apoptosis in OS cell lines up to Day 7. SrCPC demonstrates a good cytocompatibility and it induced upregulation of osteogenic genes involved in the skeletal development pathway, together with OCN protein expression and mineral matrix deposition. The proposed approach, based on the local, sustained release of anticancer drugs from nanostructured biomimetic drug-loaded cements is promising for future therapies aiming to combine bone regeneration and anticancer local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lanzillotti
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Mosaico
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratories of Cell Signalling, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratories of Cell Signalling, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marta Tavoni
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dapporto
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Monica Montesi
- Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, National Research Council of Italy (ISSMC-CNR, former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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3
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Wei X, Yu C, Xiao L, Liu J, Liu Y, Cao Y, Song K. IRE1α inhibits osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts by limiting Shh signaling. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38438324 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) on the sonic hedgehog N-terminus (N-Shh)-enhanced-osteogenic differentiation process in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Osteogenesis of MEFs was observed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, and Von Kossa staining assays. Activation of unfolded protein response and Shh signaling were examined using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot assays. IRE1α-deficient MEFs were used to explore the effect of IRE1α on N-Shh-driven osteogenesis. RESULTS N-Shh increased ALP activity, matrix mineralization, and the expression of Alp and Col-I in MEFs under osteogenic conditions; notably, this was reversed when combined with the ER stress activator Tm treatment. Interestingly, the administration of N-Shh decreased the expression of IRE1α. Abrogation of IRE1α increased the expression of Shh pathway factors in osteogenesis-induced MEFs, contributing to the osteogenic effect of N-Shh. Moreover, IRE1α-deficient MEFs exhibited elevated levels of osteogenic markers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the IRE1α-mediated unfolded protein response may alleviate the ossification of MEFs by attenuating Shh signaling. Our research has identified a strategy to inhibit excessive ossification, which may have clinical significance in preventing temporomandibular joint bony ankylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangzhen Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chengbo Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianmiao Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingguang Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Liu Y, Xiong W, Li J, Feng H, Jing S, Liu Y, Zhou H, Li D, Fu D, Xu C, He Y, Ye Q. Application of dental pulp stem cells for bone regeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1339573. [PMID: 38487022 PMCID: PMC10938947 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1339573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone defects resulting from severe trauma, tumors, inflammation, and other factors are increasingly prevalent. Stem cell-based therapies have emerged as a promising alternative. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), sourced from dental pulp, have garnered significant attention owing to their ready accessibility and minimal collection-associated risks. Ongoing investigations into DPSCs have revealed their potential to undergo osteogenic differentiation and their capacity to secrete a diverse array of ontogenetic components, such as extracellular vesicles and cell lysates. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of DPSCs and their secretory components, emphasizing extraction techniques and utilization while elucidating the intricate mechanisms governing bone regeneration. Furthermore, we explore the merits and demerits of cell and cell-free therapeutic modalities, as well as discuss the potential prospects, opportunities, and inherent challenges associated with DPSC therapy and cell-free therapies in the context of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huixian Feng
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuili Jing
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Duan Li
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dehao Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stomatology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Xu J, Wu X, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Du K, Deng X, Wang C. CRP inhibits the osteoblastic differentiation of OPCs via the up-regulation of primary cilia and repression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Med Oncol 2024; 41:72. [PMID: 38345752 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation disrupts bone metabolism and leads to bone damage. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a typical inflammation marker. Although CRP measurement has been conducted for many decades, how osteoblastic differentiation influences molecular mechanisms remains largely unknown. The present study attempted to investigate the effects of CRP on primary cultured osteoblast precursor cells (OPCs) while elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. OPCs were isolated from suckling Sprague-Dawleyrats. Fewer OPCs were observed after recombinant C-reactive protein treatment. In a series of experiments, CRP inhibited OPC proliferation, osteoblastic differentiation, and the OPC gene expression of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. The inhibitory effect of CRP on OPC proliferation occurred via blockade of the G1-S transition of the cell cycle. In addition, the regulation effect of proto cilium on osteoblastic differentiation was analyzed using the bioinformatics p. This revealed the primary cilia activation of recombinant CRP effect on OPCs through in vitro experiments. A specific Sonic Hedgehog signaling agonist (SAG) rescued osteoblastic differentiation inhibited by recombinant CRP. Moreover, chloral hydrate, which removes primary cilia, inhibited the Suppressor of Fused (SUFU) formation and blocked Gli2 degradation. This counteracted osteogenesis inhibition caused by CRP. Therefore, these data depict that CRP can inhibit the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of OPCs. The underlying mechanism could be associated with primary cilia activation and Hh pathway repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangmei Wu
- Department of Physiology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yinghua Zhu
- Department of Pre-Hospital Emergency, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Kailong Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Changdong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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6
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Nesbeth PDC, Ziegler TR, Tripathi AK, Dabeer S, Weiss D, Hao L, Smith MR, Jones DP, Maner-Smith KM, Tu CL, Chang W, Weitzmann MN, Alvarez JA. Linoleic acid blunts early osteoblast differentiation and impairs oxidative phosphorylation in vitro. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2024; 201:102617. [PMID: 38788347 PMCID: PMC11293625 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2024.102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linoleic acid (LNA), an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), plays a crucial role in cellular functions. However, excessive intake of LNA, characteristic of Western diets, can have detrimental effects on cells and organs. Human observational studies have shown an inverse relationship between plasma LNA concentrations and bone mineral density. The mechanism by which LNA impairs the skeleton is unclear, and there is a paucity of research on the effects of LNA on bone-forming osteoblasts. METHODS The effect of LNA on osteoblast differentiation, cellular bioenergetics, and production of oxidized PUFA metabolites in vitro, was studied using primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursors. RESULTS LNA treatment decreased alkaline phosphatase activity, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, but had no effect on committed osteoblasts or on mineralization by differentiated osteoblasts. LNA suppressed osteoblast commitment by blunting the expression of Runx2 and Osterix, key transcription factors involved in osteoblast differentiation, and other key osteoblast-related factors involved in bone formation. LNA treatment was associated with increased production of oxidized LNA- and arachidonic acid-derived metabolites and blunted oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased ATP production. CONCLUSION Our results show that LNA inhibited early differentiation of osteoblasts and this inhibitory effect was associated with increased production of oxidized PUFA metabolites that likely impaired energy production via oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula-Dene C Nesbeth
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas R Ziegler
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sadaf Dabeer
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Daiana Weiss
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Li Hao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew R Smith
- Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center for Clinical and Molecular Nutrition, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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7
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Orikasa S, Matsushita Y, Manabe H, Fogge M, Lee Z, Mizuhashi K, Sakagami N, Ono W, Ono N. Hedgehog activation promotes osteogenic fates of growth plate resting zone chondrocytes through transient clonal competency. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e165619. [PMID: 38051593 PMCID: PMC10906233 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The resting zone of the postnatal growth plate is organized by slow-cycling chondrocytes expressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which include a subgroup of skeletal stem cells that contribute to the formation of columnar chondrocytes. The PTHrP-Indian hedgehog feedback regulation is essential for sustaining growth plate activities; however, molecular mechanisms regulating cell fates of PTHrP+ resting chondrocytes and their eventual transformation into osteoblasts remain largely undefined. Here, in a mouse model, we specifically activated Hedgehog signaling in PTHrP+ resting chondrocytes and traced the fate of their descendants using a tamoxifen-inducible Pthrp-creER line with patched-1-floxed and tdTomato reporter alleles. Hedgehog-activated PTHrP+ chondrocytes formed large, concentric, clonally expanded cell populations within the resting zone ("patched roses") and generated significantly wider columns of chondrocytes, resulting in hyperplasia of the growth plate. Interestingly, Hedgehog-activated PTHrP+ cell descendants migrated away from the growth plate and transformed into trabecular osteoblasts in the diaphyseal marrow space in the long term. Therefore, Hedgehog activation drives resting zone chondrocytes into transit-amplifying states as proliferating chondrocytes and eventually converts these cells into osteoblasts, unraveling a potentially novel Hedgehog-mediated mechanism that facilitates osteogenic cell fates of PTHrP+ skeletal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shion Orikasa
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Manabe
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Fogge
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zachary Lee
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Koji Mizuhashi
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Naoko Sakagami
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Xu L, Ji C, Yu T, Luo J. The effects of Gli1 and Gli2 on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102168. [PMID: 37478645 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Diseases, such as bone nonunion with bone defects, osteoporosis, etc, seriously endanger people's quality of life, and bone tissue engineering based on mesenchymal stem cells is an effective method to solve such problems. Several studies have shown that BMP9 can effectively promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Gli1 and Gli2 were important transcription factors and play an important role in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the role of Gli1 and Gli2 in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that inhibition of Gli1 and Gli2 weakened BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and early osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase, ALP), late osteogenic markers (calcium salt deposition), the expression of pivotal osteogenic markers were attenuated, and inhibition of Gli1 and Gli2 weakened the expression of p-Smad1/5/8 and p-p38 induced by BMP9. In conclusion, our study shows that Gli1 and Gli2 play an important role in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Caixia Ji
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Wu L, Liu Z, Xiao L, Ai M, Cao Y, Mao J, Song K. The Role of Gli1 + Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteogenesis of Craniofacial Bone. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1351. [PMID: 37759749 PMCID: PMC10526808 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) is a transcriptional activator of hedgehog (Hh) signaling that regulates target gene expression and several cellular biological processes. Cell lineage tracing techniques have highlighted Gli1 as an ideal marker for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo. Gli1+ MSCs are critical for the osteogenesis of the craniofacial bone; however, the regulatory mechanism by which Gli1+ MSCs mediate the bone development and tissue regeneration of craniofacial bone has not been systematically outlined. This review comprehensively elucidates the specific roles of Gli1+ MSCs in craniofacial bone osteogenesis. In addition to governing craniofacial bone development, Gli1+ MSCs are associated with the tissue repair of craniofacial bone under pathological conditions. Gli1+ MSCs promote intramembranous and endochondral ossification of the craniofacial bones, and assist the osteogenesis of the craniofacial bone by improving angiopoiesis. This review summarizes the novel role of Gli1+ MSCs in bone development and tissue repair in craniofacial bones, which offers new insights into bone regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laidi Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regen-Eration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regen-Eration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regen-Eration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mi Ai
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regen-Eration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yingguang Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regen-Eration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Mao
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regen-Eration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regen-Eration, Wuhan 430022, China
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10
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Kowalski TW, Feira MF, Lord VO, Gomes JDA, Giudicelli GC, Fraga LR, Sanseverino MTV, Recamonde-Mendoza M, Schuler-Faccini L, Vianna FSL. A New Strategy for the Old Challenge of Thalidomide: Systems Biology Prioritization of Potential Immunomodulatory Drug (IMiD)-Targeted Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11515. [PMID: 37511270 PMCID: PMC10380514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several molecular mechanisms of thalidomide embryopathy (TE) have been investigated, from anti-angiogenesis to oxidative stress to cereblon binding. Recently, it was discovered that thalidomide and its analogs, named immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), induced the degradation of C2H2 transcription factors (TFs). This mechanism might impact the strict transcriptional regulation of the developing embryo. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the TFs altered by IMiDs, prioritizing the ones associated with embryogenesis through transcriptome and systems biology-allied analyses. This study comprises only the experimental data accessed through bioinformatics databases. First, proteins and genes reported in the literature as altered/affected by the IMiDs were annotated. A protein systems biology network was evaluated. TFs beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and SP1 play more central roles: beta-catenin is an essential protein in the network, while SP1 is a putative C2H2 candidate for IMiD-induced degradation. Separately, the differential expressions of the annotated genes were analyzed through 23 publicly available transcriptomes, presenting 8624 differentially expressed genes (2947 in two or more datasets). Seventeen C2H2 TFs were identified as related to embryonic development but not studied for IMiD exposure; these TFs are potential IMiDs degradation neosubstrates. This is the first study to suggest an integration of IMiD molecular mechanisms through C2H2 TF degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Teratogen Information System (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biomedical Sciences Course, Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha 94935-630, Brazil
| | - Mariléa Furtado Feira
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Oliveira Lord
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Biomedical Sciences Course, Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha 94935-630, Brazil
| | - Julia do Amaral Gomes
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Câmara Giudicelli
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Teratogen Information System (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90010-150, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Teratogen Information System (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
- Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Computer Science, Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Lavinia Schuler-Faccini
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Teratogen Information System (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
- Teratogen Information System (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Medicine, Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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11
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Orikasa S, Matsushita Y, Fogge M, Mizuhashi K, Sakagami N, Ono W, Ono N. Growth plate resting zone chondrocytes acquire transient clonal competency upon Hedgehog activation and efficiently transform into trabecular bone osteoblasts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.31.543069. [PMID: 37398296 PMCID: PMC10312548 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.31.543069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The resting zone of the postnatal growth plate is organized by slow-cycling chondrocytes expressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which include a subgroup of skeletal stem cells that contribute to the formation of columnar chondrocytes. The PTHrP-indian hedgehog (Ihh) feedback regulation is essential for sustaining growth plate activities; however, molecular mechanisms regulating cell fates of PTHrP + resting chondrocytes and their eventual transformation into osteoblasts remain largely undefined. Here, in a mouse model, we utilized a tamoxifen-inducible PTHrP-creER line with Patched-1 ( Ptch1 ) floxed and tdTomato reporter alleles to specifically activate Hedgehog signaling in PTHrP + resting chondrocytes and trace the fate of their descendants. Hedgehog-activated PTHrP + chondrocytes formed large concentric clonally expanded cell populations within the resting zone (' patched roses ') and generated significantly wider columns of chondrocytes, resulting in hyperplasia of the growth plate. Interestingly, Hedgehog-activated PTHrP + cell-descendants migrated away from the growth plate and eventually transformed into trabecular osteoblasts in the diaphyseal marrow space in the long term. Therefore, Hedgehog activation drives resting zone chondrocytes into transit-amplifying states as proliferating chondrocytes and eventually converts these cells into osteoblasts, unraveling a novel Hedgehog-mediated mechanism that facilitates osteogenic cell fates of PTHrP + skeletal stem cells.
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12
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Chavez M, Tan MH, Kolli TN, Zachariadou C, Farah F, Mohamed F, Chu E, Foster B. Bone Sialoprotein Is Critical for Alveolar Bone Healing in Mice. J Dent Res 2023; 102:187-196. [PMID: 36377066 PMCID: PMC9893390 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221126716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein associated with mineralized tissues, particularly bone and cementum. BSP includes functional domains implicated in collagen binding, hydroxyapatite nucleation, and cell signaling, although its function(s) in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function remain incompletely understood. Genetic ablation of BSP in Ibsp knockout (Ibsp-/-) mice results in developmental bone mineralization and remodeling defects, with alveolar bone more severely affected than the femurs and tibias of the postcranial skeleton. The role of BSP in alveolar bone healing has not been studied. We hypothesized that BSP ablation would cause defective alveolar bone healing. We employed a maxillary first molar extraction socket healing model in 42-d postnatalIbsp-/- and wild-type (WT) control mice. Tissues were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 56 d postprocedure (dpp) for analysis by micro-computed tomography (microCT), histology, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) array. As expected, alveolar bone healing progressed in WT mice with increasing bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and tissue mineral density (TMD), transitioning from woven to mature bone from 7 to 56 dpp. Ibsp messenger RNA (mRNA) and BSP protein were strongly expressed during alveolar bone healing in parallel with other osteogenic markers. Compared to WT, Ibsp-/- mice exhibited 50% to 70% reduced BV/TV and BMD at all time points, 7% reduced TMD at 21 dpp, abnormally increased Col1a1 and Alpl mRNA expression, and persistent presence of woven bone and increased bone marrow in healing sockets. qPCR revealed substantially dysregulated gene expression in alveolar bone of Ibsp-/- versus WT mice, with significantly disrupted expression of 45% of tested genes in functional groups, including markers for osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mineralization, ECM, cell signaling, and inflammation. We conclude that BSP is a critical and nonredundant factor for alveolar bone healing, and its absence disrupts multiple major pathways involved in appropriate healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.B. Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - M. H. Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T. N. Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C. Zachariadou
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F. Farah
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F.F. Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E.Y. Chu
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.L. Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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13
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Chen R, Tan Y, Li Y, Huang J, Kuang L, Ni Z, Lan H, Long R, Xie Y, Chen H, Luo X, Chen L, Tang Y, Zhou S. Exogenous Indian hedgehog antagonist damages intervertebral discs homeostasis in adult mice. J Orthop Translat 2022; 36:164-176. [PMID: 36263384 PMCID: PMC9550854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vismodegib, as an exogenous Indian hedgehog (Ihh) antagonist, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the clinical treatment of patients with basal cell carcinoma, and previous observations implicate the potential therapeutic of vismodegib in osteoarthritis treatment. However, there is no direct evidence for the role of Ihh signaling in intervertebral discs (IVDs) homeostasis of adult mice. The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of systemic administration of Smoothened inhibitor (SMOi) - vismodegib on IVDs homeostasis during the adult stage. Methods The expression of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1), the downstream targeting gene of Ihh signaling, in IVDs of adult mice after receiving systemic administration of SMOi was examined by immunohistochemistry. The pathological changes of vertebral bodies after SMOi treatment were evaluated by X-ray and micro-CT. The effects of SMOi on homeostasis of IVDs including cartilaginous endplates (CEP), growth plates (GP) and annulus fibrous (AF) were evaluated by histological analysis. The expressions of Aggrecan, Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), in IVDs were also investigated by immunohistochemistry. Changes in chondrocyte apoptosis and proliferation in IVDs were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and analyzing the expression of the cell proliferation antigen Ki-67. Results Systemic administration of SMOi significantly decreased the expression of Gli1 in IVDs that indicating effective inhibition of Ihh signaling. Bone mass of vertebral bodies was diminished after SMOi treatment. Moreover, IVDs degeneration (IDD) like defects including CEP sclerosis, degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) and fissure within AF, as well as narrowed or fused GP and loss bone mass of vertebral bodies was observed in SMOi-treated mice. The severity of IDD was time-dependent with the administration of SMOi treatment after 2-8 weeks. The expressions of Aggrecan, MMP13 and Runx2 in IVDs of mice receiving SMOi treatment were significantly decreased. In addition, chondrocyte apoptosis was significantly enhanced, while chondrocyte proliferation was significantly inhibited. Conclusions Our study propose that systemic administration of vismodegib damages IVDs homeostasis via inhibition of Ihh signaling in adult mice. The clinical application of Ihh signaling antagonists such as vismodegib should be careful considering these side adverse. The Translational Potential of this Article Vismodegib as an exogenous antagonist of Ihh signaling has been approved by the FDA for the clinical treatment of patients with basal cell carcinoma. However, it is still unknown whether vismodegib will has adverse effects on the patient or animal model of IVDs cartilage homeostasis. Based on our study, systemic administration of vismodegib damages IVDs homeostasis via inhibition of Ihh signaling in adult mice and special attention should be paid to the clinical application of vismodegib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- War Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Tan
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- War Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlan Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Kuang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Long
- Department of Emergence Medicine, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangli Xie
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangang Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- War Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China,Department of Emergence Medicine, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China,Corresponding author.
| | - Siru Zhou
- War Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 40038, People's Republic of China,Corresponding author.
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14
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Hojo H, Saito T, He X, Guo Q, Onodera S, Azuma T, Koebis M, Nakao K, Aiba A, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Okada H, Tanaka S, Chung UI, McMahon AP, Ohba S. Runx2 regulates chromatin accessibility to direct the osteoblast program at neonatal stages. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111315. [PMID: 36070691 PMCID: PMC9510047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) has essential but distinct roles in osteoblasts and chondrocytes in skeletal development. However, Runx2-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying the distinctive programming of osteoblasts and chondrocytes are not well understood. Here, we perform an integrative analysis to investigate Runx2-DNA binding and chromatin accessibility ex vivo using neonatal osteoblasts and chondrocytes. We find that Runx2 engages with cell-type-distinct chromatin-accessible regions, potentially interacting with different combinations of transcriptional regulators, forming cell-type-specific hotspots, and potentiating chromatin accessibility. Genetic analysis and direct cellular reprogramming studies suggest that Runx2 is essential for establishment of chromatin accessibility in osteoblasts. Functional enhancer studies identify an Sp7 distal enhancer driven by Runx2-dependent binding and osteoblast-specific chromatin accessibility, contributing to normal osteoblast differentiation. Our findings provide a framework for understanding the regulatory landscape encompassing Runx2-mediated and cell-type-distinct enhancer networks that underlie the specification of osteoblasts. Hojo et al. investigate the gene-regulatory landscape underlying specification of skeletal cell types in neonatal mice. Runx2, an osteoblast determinant, engages with cell-type-distinct chromatin-accessible regions and is essential for establishment of chromatin accessibility in osteoblasts. The study provides insights into enhancer networks in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Taku Saito
- Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Xinjun He
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Michinori Koebis
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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15
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Watt SM. The long and winding road: homeostatic and disordered haematopoietic microenvironmental niches: a narrative review. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:31-54. [PMID: 35837343 PMCID: PMC9255786 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic microenvironmental niches have been described as the 'gatekeepers' for the blood and immune systems. These niches change during ontogeny, with the bone marrow becoming the predominant site of haematopoiesis in post-natal life under steady state conditions. To determine the structure and function of different haematopoietic microenvironmental niches, it is essential to clearly define specific haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell subsets during ontogeny and to understand their temporal appearance and anatomical positioning. A variety of haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells contribute to haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell niches. The latter is reported to include endothelial cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), skeletal stem cells and/or C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12-abundant-reticular cell populations, which form crucial components of these microenvironments under homeostatic conditions. Dysregulation or deterioration of such cells contributes to significant clinical disorders and diseases worldwide and is associated with the ageing process. A critical appraisal of these issues and of the roles of MSC/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12-abundant-reticular cells and the more recently identified skeletal stem cell subsets in bone marrow haematopoietic niche function under homeostatic conditions and during ageing will form the basis of this research review. In the context of haematopoiesis, clinical translation will deal with lessons learned from the vast experience garnered from the development and use of MSC therapies to treat graft versus host disease in the context of allogeneic haematopoietic transplants, the recent application of these MSC therapies to treating emerging and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, and, given that skeletal stem cell ageing is one proposed driver for haematopoietic ageing, the potential contributions of these stem cells to haematopoiesis in healthy bone marrow and the benefits and challenges of using this knowledge for rejuvenating the age-compromised bone marrow haematopoietic niches and restoring haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Watt
- Stem Cell Research, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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On the horizon: Hedgehog signaling to heal broken bones. Bone Res 2022; 10:13. [PMID: 35165260 PMCID: PMC8844053 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the molecular pathways that drive skeletal repair has been an ongoing challenge. Initial efforts have relied on in vitro assays to identify the key signaling pathways that drive cartilage and bone differentiation. While these assays can provide some clues, assessing specific pathways in animal models is critical. Furthermore, definitive proof that a pathway is required for skeletal repair is best provided using genetic tests. Stimulating the Hh (Hedgehog) pathway can promote cartilage and bone differentiation in cell culture assays. In addition, the application of HH protein or various pathway agonists in vivo has a positive influence on bone healing. Until recently, however, genetic proof that the Hh pathway is involved in bone repair has been lacking. Here, we consider both in vitro and in vivo studies that examine the role of Hh in repair and discuss some of the challenges inherent in their interpretation. We also identify needed areas of study considering a new appreciation for the role of cartilage during repair, the variety of cell types that may have differing roles in repair, and the recent availability of powerful lineage tracing techniques. We are optimistic that emerging genetic tools will make it possible to precisely define when and in which cells promoting Hh signaling can best promote skeletal repair, and thus, the clinical potential for targeting the Hh pathway can be realized.
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17
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Wu Y, Zhou X, Yuan W, Liu J, Yang W, Zhu Y, Ye C, Xiong X, Zhang Q, Liu J, Wang J. Gli1+ Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone and Teeth. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:494-502. [PMID: 34994317 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220107102911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are remarkable and noteworthy. Identification of markers for MSCs enables the study of their niche in vivo. It has been identified that glioma-associated oncogene 1 positive (Gli1+) cells are mesenchymal stem cells supporting homeostasis and injury repair, especially in the skeletal system and teeth. This review outlines the role of Gli1+ cells as an MSC subpopulation in both bones and teeth, suggesting the prospects of Gli1+ cells in stem cell-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; b Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueman Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxiu Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengxinyue Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinlanhui Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Lab for Aging Research, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Iaquinta MR, Torreggiani E, Mazziotta C, Ruffini A, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Tognon M, Martini F, Mazzoni E. In Vitro Osteoinductivity Assay of Hydroxylapatite Scaffolds, Obtained with Biomorphic Transformation Processes, Assessed Using Human Adipose Stem Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137092. [PMID: 34209351 PMCID: PMC8267654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the in vitro biocompatibility and osteoinductive ability of a recently developed biomorphic hydroxylapatite ceramic scaffold (B-HA) derived from transformation of wood structures were analyzed using human adipose stem cells (hASCs). Cell viability and metabolic activity were evaluated in hASCs, parental cells and in recombinant genetically engineered hASC-eGFP cells expressing the green fluorescence protein. B-HA osteoinductivity properties, such as differentially expressed genes (DEG) involved in the skeletal development pathway, osteocalcin (OCN) protein expression and mineral matrix deposition in hASCs, were evaluated. In vitro induction of osteoblastic genes, such as Alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), Bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein (BGLAP), SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3), Sp7 transcription factor (SP7) and Transforming growth factor, beta 3 (TGFB3) and Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 (TNFSF11)/Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL), involved in osteoclast differentiation, was undertaken in cells grown on B-HA. Chondrogenic transcription factor SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (SOX9), tested up-regulated in hASCs grown on the B-HA scaffold. Gene expression enhancement in the skeletal development pathway was detected in hASCs using B-HA compared to sintered hydroxylapatite (S-HA). OCN protein expression and calcium deposition were increased in hASCs grown on B-HA in comparison with the control. This study demonstrates the biocompatibility of the novel biomorphic B-HA scaffold and its potential use in osteogenic differentiation for hASCs. Our data highlight the relevance of B-HA for bone regeneration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, 48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (F.M.)
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, 64b Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.R.I.); (E.T.); (C.M.); (E.M.)
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19
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Galat Y, Gu H, Perepitchka M, Taylor R, Yoon JW, Glukhova XA, Li XN, Beletsky IP, Walterhouse DO, Galat V, Iannaccone PM. CRISPR editing of the GLI1 first intron abrogates GLI1 expression and differentially alters lineage commitment. Stem Cells 2021; 39:564-580. [PMID: 33497498 PMCID: PMC8248124 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GLI1 is one of three GLI family transcription factors that mediate Sonic Hedgehog signaling, which plays a role in development and cell differentiation. GLI1 forms a positive feedback loop with GLI2 and likely with itself. To determine the impact of GLI1 and its intronic regulatory locus on this transcriptional loop and human stem cell differentiation, we deleted the region containing six GLI binding sites in the human GLI1 intron using CRISPR/Cas9 editing to produce H1 human embryonic stem cell (hESC) GLI1‐edited clones. Editing out this intronic region, without removing the entire GLI1 gene, allowed us to study the effects of this highly complex region, which binds transcription factors in a variety of cells. The roles of GLI1 in human ESC differentiation were investigated by comparing RNA sequencing, quantitative‐real time PCR (q‐rtPCR), and functional assays. Editing this region resulted in GLI1 transcriptional knockdown, delayed neural commitment, and inhibition of endodermal and mesodermal differentiation during spontaneous and directed differentiation experiments. We found a delay in the onset of early osteogenic markers, a reduction in the hematopoietic potential to form granulocyte units, and a decrease in cancer‐related gene expression. Furthermore, inhibition of GLI1 via antagonist GANT‐61 had similar in vitro effects. These results indicate that the GLI1 intronic region is critical for the feedback loop and that GLI1 has lineage‐specific effects on hESC differentiation. Our work is the first study to document the extent of GLI1 abrogation on early stages of human development and to show that GLI1 transcription can be altered in a therapeutically useful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Haigang Gu
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mariana Perepitchka
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Taylor
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joon Won Yoon
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xenia A Glukhova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Igor P Beletsky
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - David O Walterhouse
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vasiliy Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip M Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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20
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Jing D, Li C, Yao K, Xie X, Wang P, Zhao H, Feng JQ, Zhao Z, Wu Y, Wang J. The vital role of Gli1 + mesenchymal stem cells in tissue development and homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6077-6089. [PMID: 33533019 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays an essential role in both tissue development and homeostasis. Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) is one of the vital transcriptional factors as well as the direct target gene in the Hh signaling pathway. The cells expressing the Gli1 gene (Gli1+ cells) have been identified as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are responsible for various tissue developments, homeostasis, and injury repair. This review outlines some recent discoveries on the crucial roles of Gli1+ MSCs in the development and homeostasis of varieties of hard and soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontics, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Qi Q, Dong Z, Zhang N, Wang L, Shao C, Xu W. Cloning, expression and functional analysis of the desert hedgehog (dhh) gene in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 39:119163. [PMID: 33359643 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Desert hedgehog (dhh) is a gene that is crucial for spermatogenesis and Leydig cell differentiation, but little is known regarding its influence on gonadal differentiation and development in fish. To understand its function, we cloned and characterized the dhh gene from Cynoglossus semilaevis (csdhh). The full length csdhh cDNA was 2473 bp, including a 1386 bp open reading frame (ORF), a 475 bp 5'-UTR, and a 612 bp 3'-UTR, encoding a predicted protein of 461 amino acid residues. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the putative protein belongs to the hedgehog (HH) family, and contains typical HH-N and HH-C domains. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that CsDhh shares many features with Dhh analogues in other teleost species. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that csdhh was detected in eight different tissues in male and female tongue sole. During early embryonic development, the relative expression of the csdhh was significantly higher in the neural stage than in other embryonic developmental stages (P < 0.05). csdhh was detected at 20 days after hatching (dah) and at the critical period of male gonadal differentiation (80-95 dah), the relative expression of the csdhh was significantly higher in the male gonads than the female gonads. In 5, 8, and 12 month old gonads, the relative expression of the csdhh was significantly higher in male and pseudo-male than in female fish. The in situ hybridization (ISH) results showed that the hybridization signal was strongly expressed in primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, and sertoli cells of the 1-year-old fish testis, with only weak signal expression in the corresponding ovarian tissue. These results suggest that csdhh is highly conserved in evolution and plays an important role in spermatogenesis in males and pseudo-males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qi
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhongdian Dong
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenteng Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science (CAFS), Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao, 266071, China.
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22
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Huang S, Jin M, Su N, Chen L. New insights on the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:357-375. [PMID: 33051970 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone possesses a remarkable repair capacity to regenerate completely without scar tissue formation. This unique characteristic, expressed during bone development, maintenance and injury (fracture) healing, is performed by the reparative cells including skeletal stem cells (SSCs) and their descendants. However, the identity and functional roles of SSCs remain controversial due to technological difficulties and the heterogeneity and plasticity of SSCs. Moreover, for many years, there has been a biased view that bone marrow is the main cell source for bone repair. Together, these limitations have greatly hampered our understanding of these important cell populations and their potential applications in the treatment of fractures and skeletal diseases. Here, we reanalyse and summarize current understanding of the reparative cells in bone regeneration and repair and outline recent progress in this area, with a particular emphasis on the temporal and spatial process of fracture healing, the sources of reparative cells, an updated definition of SSCs, and markers of skeletal stem/progenitor cells contributing to the repair of craniofacial and long bones, as well as the debate between SSCs and pericytes. Finally, we also discuss the existing problems, emerging novel technologies and future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Su
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
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23
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Xia C, Ge Q, Fang L, Yu H, Zou Z, Zhang P, Lv S, Tong P, Xiao L, Chen D, Wang PE, Jin H. TGF-β/Smad2 signalling regulates enchondral bone formation of Gli1 + periosteal cells during fracture healing. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12904. [PMID: 32997394 PMCID: PMC7653269 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most bone fracture heals through enchondral bone formation that relies on the involvement of periosteal progenitor cells. However, the identity of periosteal progenitor cells and the regulatory mechanism of their proliferation and differentiation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Gli1-CreERT2 can identify a population of murine periosteal progenitor cells and the role of TGF-β signalling in periosteal progenitor cells on fracture healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Double heterozygous Gli1-CreERT2 ;Rosa26-tdTomatoflox/wt mice were sacrificed at different time points for tracing the fate of Gli1+ cells in both intact and fracture bone. Gli1-CreERT2 -mediated Tgfbr2 knockout (Gli1-CreERT2 ;Tgfbr2flox/flox ) mice were subjected to fracture surgery. At 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days post-surgery, tibia samples were harvested for tissue analyses including μCT, histology, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Through cell lineage-tracing experiments, we have revealed that Gli1-CreER T2 can be used to identify a subpopulation of periosteal progenitor cells in vivo that persistently reside in periosteum and contribute to osteochondral elements during fracture repair. During the healing process, TGF-β signalling is continually activated in the reparative Gli1+ periosteal cells. Conditional knockout of Tgfbr2 in these cells leads to a delayed and impaired enchondral bone formation, at least partially due to the reduced proliferation and chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of Gli1+ periosteal cells. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β signalling plays an essential role on fracture repair via regulating enchondral bone formation process of Gli1+ periosteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Xia
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qinwen Ge
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaijie Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luwei Xiao
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Er Wang
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongting Jin
- Institute of Orthopadics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Ohba S. Hedgehog Signaling in Skeletal Development: Roles of Indian Hedgehog and the Mode of Its Action. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6665. [PMID: 32933018 PMCID: PMC7555016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is highly conserved among species and plays indispensable roles in various developmental processes. There are three Hh members in mammals; one of them, Indian hedgehog (Ihh), is expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. Based on mouse genetic studies, three major functions of Ihh have been proposed: (1) Regulation of chondrocyte differentiation via a negative feedback loop formed together with parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), (2) promotion of chondrocyte proliferation, and (3) specification of bone-forming osteoblasts. Gli transcription factors mediate the major aspect of Hh signaling in this context. Gli3 has dominant roles in the growth plate chondrocytes, whereas Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3 collectively mediate biological functions of Hh signaling in osteoblast specification. Recent studies have also highlighted postnatal roles of the signaling in maintenance and repair of skeletal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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Salhotra A, Shah HN, Levi B, Longaker MT. Mechanisms of bone development and repair. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:696-711. [PMID: 32901139 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone development occurs through a series of synchronous events that result in the formation of the body scaffold. The repair potential of bone and its surrounding microenvironment - including inflammatory, endothelial and Schwann cells - persists throughout adulthood, enabling restoration of tissue to its homeostatic functional state. The isolation of a single skeletal stem cell population through cell surface markers and the development of single-cell technologies are enabling precise elucidation of cellular activity and fate during bone repair by providing key insights into the mechanisms that maintain and regenerate bone during homeostasis and repair. Increased understanding of bone development, as well as normal and aberrant bone repair, has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of bone disease and ageing-related degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Salhotra
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harsh N Shah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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26
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Effect of dietary nutrition on tail fat deposition and evaluation of tail-related genes in fat-tailed sheep. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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27
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Zhang L, Yang Y, Liao Z, Liu Q, Lei X, Li M, Saijilafu, Zhang Z, Hong D, Zhu M, Li B, Yang H, Chen J. Genetic and pharmacological activation of Hedgehog signaling inhibits osteoclastogenesis and attenuates titanium particle-induced osteolysis partly through suppressing the JNK/c-Fos-NFATc1 cascade. Theranostics 2020; 10:6638-6660. [PMID: 32550895 PMCID: PMC7295048 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) is a common long-term complication of total joint arthroplasty, and represents the major cause of aseptic loosening and subsequent implant failure. Previous studies have identified the central role of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in the pathogenesis of PPO. Thus, therapeutic approaches of inhibiting osteoclast formation and activity are considered to be of great potential to prevent and treat this osteolytic disease. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been shown to play an important role in promoting osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. While Hh signaling is also implicated in regulating osteoclastogenesis, whether it can directly inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption remains controversial. Moreover, its potential therapeutic effects on PPO have never been assessed. In this study, we explored the cell-autonomous role of Hh signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis and its therapeutic potential in preventing wear particle-induced osteolysis. Methods: Hh signaling was activated in macrophages by genetically ablating Sufu in these cells using LysM-Cre or by treating them with purmorphamine (PM), a pharmacological activator of Smoothened (Smo). In vitro cell-autonomous effects of Hh pathway activation on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity were evaluated by TRAP staining, phalloidin staining, qPCR analyses, and bone resorption assays. In vivo evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy against PPO was performed in a murine calvarial model of titanium particle-induced osteolysis by μCT and histological analyses. Mechanistic details were explored in RANKL-treated macrophages through Western blot analyses. Results: We found that Sufu deletion or PM treatment potently activated Hh signaling in macrophages, and strongly inhibited RANKL-induced TRAP+ osteoclast production, F-actin ring formation, osteoclast-specific gene expression, and osteoclast activity in vitro. Furthermore, we found that Sufu deletion or PM administration significantly attenuated titanium particle-induced osteoclast formation and bone loss in vivo. Our mechanistic study revealed that activation of Hh signaling suppressed RANKL-induced activation of JNK pathway and downregulated protein levels of two key osteoclastic transcriptional factors, c-Fos and its downstream target NFATc1. Conclusions: Both genetic and pharmacological activation of Hh signaling can cell-autonomously inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity in vitro and protect against titanium particle-induced osteolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, Hh signaling hinders osteoclastogenesis partly through suppressing the JNK/c-Fos-NFATc1 cascade. Thus, Hh signaling may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of PPO and other osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zirui Liao
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Qingbai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xinhuan Lei
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Saijilafu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Mammalian Organogenesis and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Dun Hong
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Orthopedic Department, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Orthopedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
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Miller MQ, McColl LF, Arul MR, Nip J, Madhu V, Beck G, Mathur K, Sahadeo V, Kerrigan JR, Park SS, Christophel JJ, Dighe AS, Kumbar SG, Cui Q. Assessment of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Activation for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration in a Critical-Sized Rat Mandibular Defect. JAMA FACIAL PLAST SU 2020; 21:110-117. [PMID: 30520953 DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2018.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Osseous craniofacial defects are currently reconstructed with bone grafting, rigid fixation, free tissue transfer, and/or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. Although these treatment options often have good outcomes, they are associated with substantial morbidity, and many patients are not candidates for free tissue transfer. Objective To assess whether polysaccharide-based scaffold (PS) constructs that are cross-linked with smoothened agonist (SAG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) would substantially increase bone regeneration. Design, Setting, and Participants This animal model study was conducted at the University of Virginia School of Medicine Cui Laboratory from March 1, 2017, to June 30, 2017. Thirty-three 10-week-old female Lewis rats were acquired for the study. Bilateral nonsegmental critical-sized defects were created in the angle of rat mandibles. The defects were either left untreated or filled with 1 of the 9 PSs. The rats were killed after 8 weeks, and bone regeneration was evaluated using microcomputed tomographic imaging and mechanical testing. Analysis of variance testing was used to compare the treatment groups. Main Outcomes and Measures Blinded analysis and computer analysis of the microcomputed tomographic images were used to assess bone regeneration. Results In the 33 female Lewis rats, minimal healing was observed in the untreated mandibles. Addition of SAG was associated with increases in bone regeneration and bone density in all treatment groups, and maximum bone healing was seen in the group with BMP-6, VEGF, and SAG cross-linked to PS. For each of the 5 no scaffold group vs BMP-6, VEGF, and SAG cross-linked to PS group comparisons, mean defect bone regeneration was 4.14% (95% CI, 0.94%-7.33%) vs 66.19% (95% CI, 54.47%-77.90%); mean bone volume, 14.52 mm3 (95% CI, 13.07-15.97 mm3) vs 20.87 mm3 (95% CI, 14.73- 27.01 mm3); mean bone surface, 68.97 mm2 (95% CI, 60.08-77.85 mm2) vs 96.77 mm2 (95% CI, 76.11-117.43 mm2); mean ratio of bone volume to total volume, 0.11 (95% CI, 0.10-0.11) vs 0.15 (95% CI, 0.10-0.19); and mean connectivity density 0.03 (95% CI, 0.02-0.05) vs 0.32 (95% CI, 0.25-0.38). On mechanical testing, mandibles with untreated defects broke with less force than control mandibles in which no defect was made, although this force did not reach statistical significance. No significant difference in force to fracture was observed among the treatment groups. Conclusions and Relevance In this rat model study, activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway using smoothened agonist was associated with increased craniofacial bone regeneration compared with growth factors alone, including US Food and Drug Administration-approved recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. Pharmaceuticals that target this pathway may offer a new reconstructive option for bony craniofacial defects as well as nonunion and delayed healing fractures. Level of Evidence NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Q Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Logan F McColl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Michael R Arul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington
| | - Jonathan Nip
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington
| | - Vedavathi Madhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gina Beck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kishan Mathur
- Center for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Vashaana Sahadeo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jason R Kerrigan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Center for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Stephen S Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | - Abhijit S Dighe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Sangamesh G Kumbar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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29
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Ma L, Duan CC, Yang ZQ, Ding JL, Liu S, Yue ZP, Guo B. Novel insights into Dhh signaling in antler chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation: Involvement of Foxa. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6023-6031. [PMID: 31960430 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The desert hedgehog (Dhh) is crucial for spermatogenesis and Leydig cell differentiation, but little is known regarding its physiological function in cartilage. In this study, Dhh mRNA was abundant in antler chondrocytes, where it advanced cell proliferation concomitant with accelerated transition from the G1 to the S phase and induced elevation of the hypertrophic chondrocyte markers, Col X and Runx2. Silencing of Ptch1 resulted in appreciable Smo accumulation and enhanced rDhh stimulation of Smo, whose impediment by cyclopamine obscured the proliferative function of Dhh and alleviated its guidance of chondrocyte differentiation. Further analysis evidenced the noteworthy positive action of Smo in the bridging between Dhh and Gli transcription factors. Obstruction of Gli1 by GANT58 caused the failed stimulation of Col X and Runx2 by rDhh. Analogously, siRNA against Gli1-3 hindered chondrocyte differentiation in the context of rDhh. Simultaneously, Gli transcription factors mediated the regulation of Dhh on Foxa1, Foxa2, and Foxa3, whose knockdown impaired chondrocyte differentiation. Attenuation of Foxa antagonized the augmentation of Col X and Runx2 generated by rDhh. Collectively, Dhh signaling through its target Foxa appears to induce antler chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cui-Cui Duan
- Institute of Agro-Food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhan-Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Li Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Growth Plate Chondrocytes: Skeletal Development, Growth and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236009. [PMID: 31795305 PMCID: PMC6929081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth plate chondrocytes play central roles in the proper development and growth of endochondral bones. Particularly, a population of chondrocytes in the resting zone expressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is now recognized as skeletal stem cells, defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal and clonally give rise to columnar chondrocytes in the postnatal growth plate. These chondrocytes also possess the ability to differentiate into a multitude of cell types including osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells during skeletal development. Using single-cell transcriptomic approaches and in vivo lineage tracing technology, it is now possible to further elucidate their molecular properties and cellular fate changes. By discovering the fundamental molecular characteristics of these cells, it may be possible to harness their functional characteristics for skeletal growth and regeneration. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular signatures defining growth plate chondrocytes.
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31
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New Insights on Properties and Spatial Distributions of Skeletal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9026729. [PMID: 31281389 PMCID: PMC6589297 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9026729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are postnatal self-renewing, multipotent, and skeletal lineage-committed progenitors that are capable of giving rise to cartilage, bone, and bone marrow stroma including marrow adipocytes and stromal cells in vitro and in an exogenous environment after transplantation in vivo. Identifying and isolating defined SSCs as well as illuminating their spatiotemporal properties contribute to our understating of skeletal biology and pathology. In this review, we revisit skeletal stem cells identified most recently and systematically discuss their origin and distributions.
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Zhang Z, Zhan X, Kim B, Wu J. A proteomic approach identifies SAFB-like transcription modulator (SLTM) as a bidirectional regulator of GLI family zinc finger transcription factors. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5549-5561. [PMID: 30782847 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.007018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, GLI family zinc finger (GLI)-mediated diverse gene transcription outcomes are strictly regulated and are important for SHH function in both development and disease. However, how the GLI factors differentially regulate transcription in response to variable SHH activities is incompletely understood. Here, using a newly generated, tagged Gli3 knock-in mouse (Gli3TAP ), we performed proteomic analyses and identified the chromatin-associated SAFB-like transcription modulator (SLTM) as a GLI-interacting protein that context-dependently regulates GLI activities. Using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, RT-quantitative PCR, and ChIP assays, we show that SLTM interacts with all three GLI proteins and that its cellular levels are regulated by SHH. We also found that SLTM enhances GLI3 binding to chromatin and increases GLI3 repressor (GLI3R) form protein levels. In a GLI3-dependent manner, SLTM promoted the formation of a repressive chromatin environment and functioned as a GLI3 co-repressor. In the absence of GLI3 or in the presence of low GLI3 levels, SLTM co-activated GLI activator (GLIA)-mediated target gene activation and cell differentiation. Moreover, in vivo Sltm deletion generated through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing caused perinatal lethality and SHH-related abnormal ventral neural tube phenotypes. We conclude that SLTM regulates GLI factor binding to chromatin and contributes to the transcriptional outcomes of SHH signaling via a novel molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoming Zhan
- From the Department of Physiology and.,Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | | | - Jiang Wu
- From the Department of Physiology and
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Gli Proteins: Regulation in Development and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020147. [PMID: 30754706 PMCID: PMC6406693 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gli proteins are transcriptional effectors of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. They play key roles in the development of many organs and tissues, and are deregulated in birth defects and cancer. We review the molecular mechanisms of Gli protein regulation in mammals, with special emphasis on posttranslational modifications and intracellular transport. We also discuss how Gli proteins interact with co-activators and co-repressors to fine-tune the expression of Hedgehog target genes. Finally, we provide an overview of the regulation of developmental processes and tissue regeneration by Gli proteins and discuss how these proteins are involved in cancer progression, both through canonical regulation via the Hedgehog pathway and through cross-talk with other signaling pathways.
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McKenzie JA, Maschhoff C, Liu X, Migotsky N, Silva MJ, Gardner MJ. Activation of hedgehog signaling by systemic agonist improves fracture healing in aged mice. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:51-59. [PMID: 29663560 PMCID: PMC6226344 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fracture healing is a complex process of many coordinated biological pathways. This system can go awry resulting in nonunion, which leads to significant patient morbidity. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is upregulated in fracture healing. We hypothesized that the Hh signaling pathway can be pharmacologically modulated to positively affect fracture healing. Diaphyseal femur fractures were created in elderly mice (18 months, C57BL/6 females), which have a blunted and delayed healing response compared to younger mice, and were stabilized with intramedullary pins. To activate the Hh pathway we targeted the receptor Smoothened using an agonist (Hh-Ag1.5 [Hh-Ag]) and compared this to a vehicle control. Expression of Hh target genes were significantly increased in the fracture callus of the agonist group compared to controls, indicating pathway activation. Expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic-related genes was greatly upregulated in fracture callus versus intact femora, although Hh agonist treatment did not consistently enhance this response. Blindly graded, radiographic callus healing scores were significantly higher in the Hh-Ag groups at post operative day (POD) 14, indicating earlier callus bridging. On microCT, Hh-Ag treatment led to greater callus volume (+40%) and bone volume (+25%) at POD21. By day 14, callus vascularity, as assessed by 3D microCT angiography vessel volume, was 85% greater in the Hh-Ag group. Finally, mechanical strength of the calluses in the Hh-Ag groups was significantly greater than in the control groups at POD21. In conclusion, systemic administration of a Hh agonist appears to improve the osseous and vascular healing responses in a mouse fracture healing-impaired model. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaochen Liu
- Washington University Orthopedics, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Michael J. Gardner
- Washington University Orthopedics, St. Louis, MO,Stanford University Orthopedics, Stanford, CA
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35
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NUMB maintains bone mass by promoting degradation of PTEN and GLI1 via ubiquitination in osteoblasts. Bone Res 2018; 6:32. [PMID: 30455992 PMCID: PMC6226489 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein NUMB is involved in asymmetric division and cell fate determination and recognized as an antagonist of Notch. Previous studies have proved that Notch activation in osteoblasts contributes to a high bone mass. In this study, however, an osteopenic phenotype was found in 9-week-old mice using osteoblastic specific Col1a1–2.3-Cre to ablate both Numb and its homologue Numbl . The trabecular bone mass decreased dramatically while the cortical bone mass was unaffected. Here, the Notch signal was not activated, while the tensin homologue deleted on human chromosome 10 (PTEN), which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, was elevated, attenuating protein kinase B (Akt). The ubiquitination assay revealed that NUMB may physiologically promote PTEN ubiquitination in the presence of neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4–1. In addition, the deficiency of Numb/Numbl also activated the Hedgehog pathway through GLI1. This process was found to improve the ratio of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand to osteoprotegerin, which enhanced the differentiation of osteoclasts and bone resorption . In conclusion, this study provides an insight into new functons of NUMB and NUMBL on bone homeostasis. The related proteins NUMB and NUMBL maintain the survival of bone-generating osteoblast cells. NUMB was previously recognized to antagonize Notch signaling pathway ; In this study, it observes that genetically altered mice, unable to express the two proteins, suffered from degraded bone quality. This suggests that the two proteins play a more complex, nuanced role in the process of bone mass maintenance. The team’s studies showed that NUMB and NUMBL suppression inhibits a signaling pathway important to skeletal development and protein synthesis in osteoblasts, though raise that further investigations are essential to elucidate the exact mechanistic action of these proteins. The authors of this study suggest that NUMB constitutes a potential target for therapies targeting bone loss and reduced bone strength in patients with osteoporosis.
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Kan C, Chen L, Hu Y, Ding N, Li Y, McGuire TL, Lu H, Kessler JA, Kan L. Gli1-labeled adult mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and hedgehog signaling contribute to endochondral heterotopic ossification. Bone 2018; 109. [PMID: 28645539 PMCID: PMC5801258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), acquired or hereditary, endochondral or intramembranous, is the formation of true bone outside the normal skeleton. Since perivascular Gli1+ progenitors contribute to injury induced organ fibrosis, and CD133 is expressed by a variety of populations of adult stem cells, this study utilized Cre-lox based genetic lineage tracing to test the contribution to endochondral HO of adult stem/progenitor cells that expressed either Gli1 or CD133. We found that both lineages contributed broadly to different normal tissues with distinct patterns, but that only Gli1-creERT labeled stem/progenitor cells contributed to all stages of endochondral HO in a BMP dependent, injury induced, transgenic mouse model. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling was abnormal at endochondral HO lesion sites with increased signaling surrounding the lesion but diminished signaling within it. Thus, local dysregulation of Hh signaling participates in the pathophysiology of endochondral HO. However, unlike a previous report of intramembranous HO, systemic inhibition of Hh signaling was insufficient to prevent the initiation of the endochondral HO process or to treat the existing endochondral HO, suggesting that Hh participates in, but is not essential for endochondral HO in this model. This could potentially reflect the underlying difference between intramembranous and endochondral HO. Nevertheless, identification of this novel stem/precursor cell population as a HO-contributing cell population provides a potential drugable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Na Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Tammy L McGuire
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Ward Building 10-233, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA
| | - Haimei Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Ward Building 10-233, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA
| | - Lixin Kan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan road, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Ave, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Ward Building 10-233, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA.
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Kan C, Chen L, Hu Y, Ding N, Lu H, Li Y, Kessler JA, Kan L. Conserved signaling pathways underlying heterotopic ossification. Bone 2018; 109:43-48. [PMID: 28455214 PMCID: PMC5801212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), a serious disorder of extra-skeletal bone formation, occurs as a common complication of trauma or in rare genetic disorders. Many conserved signaling pathways have been implicated in HO; however, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms for many forms of HO are still unclear. The emerging picture is that dysregulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a central role in the process, but that other conserved signaling pathways, such as Hedgehog (HH), Wnt/β-catenin and Fibroblast growth factors (FGF), are also involved, either through cross-talk with BMP signaling or through other independent mechanisms. Deep understanding of the conserved signaling pathways is necessary for the effective prevention and treatment of HO. In this review, we update and integrate recent progress in this area. Hopefully, our discussion will point to novel promising, druggable loci for further translational research and successful clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Na Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Haimei Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuyun Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lixin Kan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China; Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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38
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Tevlin R, Seo EY, Marecic O, McArdle A, Tong X, Zimdahl B, Malkovskiy A, Sinha R, Gulati G, Li X, Wearda T, Morganti R, Lopez M, Ransom RC, Duldulao CR, Rodrigues M, Nguyen A, Januszyk M, Maan Z, Paik K, Yapa KS, Rajadas J, Wan DC, Gurtner GC, Snyder M, Beachy PA, Yang F, Goodman SB, Weissman IL, Chan CKF, Longaker MT. Pharmacological rescue of diabetic skeletal stem cell niches. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/372/eaag2809. [PMID: 28077677 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease frequently associated with impaired bone healing. Despite its increasing prevalence worldwide, the molecular etiology of DM-linked skeletal complications remains poorly defined. Using advanced stem cell characterization techniques, we analyzed intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of mouse skeletal stem cell (mSSC) function to identify specific mSSC niche-related abnormalities that could impair skeletal repair in diabetic (Db) mice. We discovered that high serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α directly repressed the expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) in mSSCs and in their downstream skeletogenic progenitors in Db mice. When hedgehog signaling was inhibited during fracture repair, injury-induced mSSC expansion was suppressed, resulting in impaired healing. We reversed this deficiency by precise delivery of purified Ihh to the fracture site via a specially formulated, slow-release hydrogel. In the presence of exogenous Ihh, the injury-induced expansion and osteogenic potential of mSSCs were restored, culminating in the rescue of Db bone healing. Our results present a feasible strategy for precise treatment of molecular aberrations in stem and progenitor cell populations to correct skeletal manifestations of systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Tevlin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eun Young Seo
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Owen Marecic
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adrian McArdle
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinming Tong
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bryan Zimdahl
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrey Malkovskiy
- Department of Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gunsagar Gulati
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiyan Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taylor Wearda
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rachel Morganti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Lopez
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher R Duldulao
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Melanie Rodrigues
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Allison Nguyen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zeshaan Maan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Paik
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kshemendra-Senarath Yapa
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Department of Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charles K F Chan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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Gao L, Li S, Li Y. Exendin-4 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts via the Hedgehog/Gli1 signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:315-324. [PMID: 29423016 PMCID: PMC5801369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanisms of Exendin-4 mediated-Hedgehog/Gli1 signaling pathway on the differentiation of osteoblasts in mouse. The alkaline phosphate activity, alizarin red staining and expression of Gli1, GLP-1R, Hedgehog, Runx2 and osteocalcin were analyzed using PCR and Western blot analysis after treating the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 with Exendin-4. Osteoblasts were treated with Gli1-siRNA and Hedgehog receptor antagonist Cyclopamine (Cy) and analyzed for their impact on the Hedgehog/Gli1 signaling pathway. Our results showed that optimal treatment of Exendin-4 was 7 days at 10-7 mol/L. Exendin-4 significantly promoted osteoblast formation in the cell line in a dose-dependent manner and up-regulated the expression of GLP-1R, Hedgehog and Gli1. Gli1-siRNA significantly down regulated the expression of Gli1 and Runx2, and offset Exendin-4-induced osteoblast differentiation. Similarly, Cy offset Exendin-4-induced Gli1 up-regulation. It is clear that Exendin-4 can promote the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts through Hedgehog/Gli1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
- Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shilun Li
- Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
- Key Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory of Hebei Province139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
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40
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Shi Y, He G, Lee WC, McKenzie JA, Silva MJ, Long F. Gli1 identifies osteogenic progenitors for bone formation and fracture repair. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2043. [PMID: 29230039 PMCID: PMC5725597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation in mammals requires continuous production of osteoblasts throughout life. A common molecular marker for all osteogenic mesenchymal progenitors has not been identified. Here, by lineage-tracing experiments in fetal or postnatal mice, we discover that Gli1+ cells progressively produce osteoblasts in all skeletal sites. Most notably, in postnatal growing mice, the Gli1+ cells residing immediately beneath the growth plate, termed here "metaphyseal mesenchymal progenitors" (MMPs), are essential for cancellous bone formation. Besides osteoblasts, MMPs also give rise to bone marrow adipocytes and stromal cells in vivo. RNA-seq reveals that MMPs express a number of marker genes previously assigned to mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, including CD146/Mcam, CD44, CD106/Vcam1, Pdgfra, and Lepr. Genetic disruption of Hh signaling impairs proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of MMPs. Removal of β-catenin causes MMPs to favor adipogenesis, resulting in osteopenia coupled with increased marrow adiposity. Finally, postnatal Gli1+ cells contribute to both chondrocytes and osteoblasts during bone fracture healing. Thus Gli1 marks mesenchymal progenitors responsible for both normal bone formation and fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Guangxu He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wen-Chih Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer A McKenzie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Departments of Medicine and Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhealing bone defects represent an immense biomedical burden. Despite recent advances in protein-based bone regeneration, safety concerns over bone morphogenetic protein-2 have prompted the search for alternative factors. Previously, the authors examined the additive/synergistic effects of hedgehog and Nel-like protein-1 (NELL-1) on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. In this study, the authors sought to leverage their previous findings by applying the combination of Smoothened agonist (SAG), hedgehog signal activator, and NELL-1 to an in vivo critical-size bone defect model. METHODS A 4-mm parietal bone defect was created in mixed-gender CD-1 mice. Treatment groups included control (n = 6), SAG (n = 7), NELL-1 (n = 7), and SAG plus NELL-1 (n = 7). A custom fabricated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) disk with hydroxyapatite coating was used as an osteoinductive scaffold. RESULTS Results at 4 and 8 weeks showed increased bone formation by micro-computed tomographic analyses with either stimulus alone (SAG or NELL-1), but significantly greater bone formation with both components combined (SAG plus NELL-1). This included greater bone healing scores and increased bone volume and bone thickness. Histologic analyses confirmed a significant increase in new bone formation with the combination therapy SAG plus NELL-1, accompanied by increased defect vascularization. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the authors' results suggest that combining the hedgehog signaling agonist SAG and NELL-1 has potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for the healing of critical-size bone defects. Future directions will include optimization of dosage and delivery strategy for an SAG and NELL-1 combination product.
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42
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Li J, Cui Y, Xu J, Wang Q, Yang X, Li Y, Zhang X, Qiu M, Zhang Z, Zhang Z. Suppressor of Fused restraint of Hedgehog activity level is critical for osteogenic proliferation and differentiation during calvarial bone development. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15814-15825. [PMID: 28794157 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.777532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling plays crucial roles in the development of calvarial bone, relying on the activation of Gli transcription factors. However, the molecular mechanism of the role of regulated Gli protein level in osteogenic specification of mesenchyme still remains elusive. Here, we show by conditionally inactivating Suppressor of Fused (Sufu), a critical repressor of Hedgehog signaling, in Wnt1-Cre-mediated cranial neural crest (CNC) or Dermo1-Cre-mediated mesodermal lineages that Sufu restraint of Hedgehog activity level is critical for differentiation of preosteogenic mesenchyme. Ablation of Sufu results in failure of calvarial bone formation, including CNC-derived bones and mesoderm-derived bones, depending on the Cre line being used. Although mesenchymal cells populate to frontonasal destinations, where they are then condensed, Sufu deletion significantly inhibits the proliferation of osteoprogenitor cells, and these cells no longer differentiate into osteoblasts. We show that there is suppression of Runx2 and Osterix, the osteogenic regulators, in calvarial mesenchyme in the Sufu mutant. We show that down-regulation of several genes upstream to Runx2 and Osterix is manifested within the calvarial primordia, including Bmp2 and its downstream genes Msx1/2 and Dlx5 By contrast, we find that Gli1, the Hedgehog activity readout gene, is excessively activated in mesenchyme. Deletion of Sufu in CNC leads to a discernible decrease in the repressive Gli3 form and an increase in the full-length Gli2. Finally, we demonstrate that simultaneous deletion of Gli2 and Sufu in CNC completely restores calvarial bone formation, suggesting that a sustained level of Hedgehog activity is critical in specification of the osteogenic mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Li
- From the Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regenerative Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China and
| | - Ying Cui
- From the Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regenerative Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China and
| | - Jie Xu
- From the Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regenerative Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China and
| | - Qihui Wang
- From the Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regenerative Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China and
| | - Xueqin Yang
- From the Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regenerative Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China and
| | - Yan Li
- From the Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regenerative Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China and
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- From the Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regenerative Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China and
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- From the Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regenerative Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China and
| | - Ze Zhang
- the Department of Ophthamology, Tulane Medical Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- From the Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regenerative Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China and
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Semeghini MS, de Azevedo FG, Fernandes RR, Assis AF, Dernowsek JA, Rosa AL, Siéssere S, Passos GA, Bombonato-Prado KF. Menopause transition promotes distinct modulation of mRNAs and miRNAs expression in calvaria and bone marrow osteoblastic cells. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:12-24. [PMID: 28574187 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigation on functional genome research may contribute to the knowledge of functional roles of different mRNAs and miRNAs in bone cells of osteoporotic animals. Currently, few studies indicate the changes in gene modulation that osteoporosis causes in osteoblastic cells from different sites. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and modulation of mRNAs/miRNAs in osteoblastic cells from calvaria and bone marrow by means of microarray technology. Wistar female rats were divided in sham operated and ovariectomized groups. After 150 days of ovariectomy, cells were isolated from both sites to perform cell culture. Results showed that calvaria cells from ovariectomized rats had a decrease in viability when compared to control groups and to bone marrow cells from osteoporotic rats after 3 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in calvaria cells from ovariectomized rats whereas it was increased in bone marrow osteoblastic cells in the same group. Microarray data analysis showed 5447 differentially expressed mRNAs and 82 differentially expressed miRNAs in calvaria cells. The same way, 4399 mRNAs and 54 miRNAs were expressed in bone marrow cells. mRNAs associated with bone metabolism such as Anxa5, Sp7, Spp1, Notch1 were distinctively modulated in both sites, as well as miRNAs such as miR-350, miR-542-3p, miR-204-5p, and miR-30e-3p. The RNA species identified in this study could be further used as targets for treatment or prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Sgarbi Semeghini
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Grilo de Azevedo
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Rodrigo Fernandes
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Freire Assis
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group-Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaína Andrea Dernowsek
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group-Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luiz Rosa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Siéssere
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Aleixo Passos
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Molecular Immunogenetics Group-Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Fittipaldi Bombonato-Prado
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Discussion: Combining Smoothened Agonist and NEL-Like Protein-1 Enhances Bone Healing. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 139:1397-1398. [PMID: 28538564 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Zujur D, Kanke K, Lichtler AC, Hojo H, Chung UI, Ohba S. Three-dimensional system enabling the maintenance and directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells under defined conditions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602875. [PMID: 28508073 PMCID: PMC5429032 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of in vitro models for the maintenance and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is an active area of stem cell research. The strategies used so far are based mainly on two-dimensional (2D) cultures, in which cellular phenotypes are regulated by soluble factors. We show that a 3D culture system with atelocollagen porous scaffolds can significantly improve the outcome of the current platforms intended for the maintenance and lineage specification of mouse PSCs (mPSCs). Unlike 2D conditions, the 3D conditions maintained the undifferentiated state of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) without exogenous stimulation and also supported endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm differentiation of mESCs under serum-free conditions. Moreover, 3D mPSC-derived mesodermal cells showed accelerated osteogenic differentiation, giving rise to functional osteoblast-osteocyte populations within calcified structures. The present strategy offers a 3D platform suitable for the formation of organoids that mimic in vivo organs containing various cell types, and it may be adaptable to the generation of ectoderm-, mesoderm-, and endoderm-derived tissues when combined with appropriate differentiation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Zujur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kanke
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Alexander C. Lichtler
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Ma MS, Kannan V, de Vries AE, Czepiel M, Wesseling EM, Balasubramaniyan V, Kuijer R, Vissink A, Copray SCVM, Raghoebar GM. Characterization and comparison of osteoblasts derived from mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:21-30. [PMID: 26747612 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New developments in stem cell biology offer alternatives for the reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects. One of these developments is the use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. These stem cells are similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells, but can be generated from adult somatic cells and therefore do not raise ethical concerns. Proper characterization of iPS-derived osteoblasts is important for future development of safe clinical applications of these cells. For this reason, we differentiated mouse ES and iPS cells toward osteoblasts using osteogenic medium and compared their functionality. Immunocytochemical analysis showed significant expression of bone markers (osteocalcin and collagen type I) in osteoblasts differentiated from ES and iPS cells on days 7 and 30. An in vitro mineralization assay confirmed the functionality of osteogenically differentiated ES and iPS cells. Gene expression arrays focusing on osteogenic differentiation were performed in order to compare the gene expression pattern in both differentiated and undifferentiated ES cells and iPS cells. We observed a significant upregulation of osteogenesis-related genes such as Runx2, osteopontin, collagen type I, Tnfsf11, Csf1, and alkaline phosphatase upon osteogenic differentiation of the ES and iPS cells. We further validated the expression of key osteogenic genes Runx2, osteopontin, osteocalcin, collagen type I, and osterix in both differentiated and undifferentiated ES and iPS cells by means of quantified real-time polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that ES and iPS cells are similar in their osteogenic differentiation capacities, as well as in their gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-San Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vishnu Kannan
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneriek E de Vries
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcin Czepiel
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyn M Wesseling
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veerakumar Balasubramaniyan
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Kuijer
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Vissink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjef C V M Copray
- Department of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerry M Raghoebar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Li X, Jie Q, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Du J, Shi J, Wang L, Guo K, Li Y, Wang C, Gao B, Huang Q, Liu J, Yang L, Luo Z. Disturbed MEK/ERK signaling increases osteoclast activity via the Hedgehog-Gli pathway in postmenopausal osteoporosis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:101-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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An Emerging Regulatory Landscape for Skeletal Development. Trends Genet 2016; 32:774-787. [PMID: 27814929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal development creates the physical framework that shapes our body and its actions. In the past two decades, genetic studies have provided important insights into the molecular processes at play, including the roles of signaling pathways and transcriptional effectors that coordinate an orderly, progressive emergence and expansion of distinct cartilage and bone cell fates in an invariant temporal and spatial pattern for any given skeletal element within that specific vertebrate species. Genome-scale studies have provided additional layers of understanding, moving from individual genes to the gene regulatory landscape, integrating regulatory information through cis-regulatory modules into cell type-specific gene regulatory programs. This review discusses our current understanding of the transcriptional control of mammalian skeletal development, focusing on recent genome-scale studies.
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Lee S, Shen J, Pan HC, Shrestha S, Asatrian G, Nguyen A, Meyers C, Nguyen V, Lee M, Soo C, Ting K, James AW. Calvarial Defect Healing Induced by Small Molecule Smoothened Agonist. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1357-1366. [PMID: 27702396 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling positively regulates both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Use of small molecules for tissue engineering applications poses several advantages. In this study, we examined whether use of an acellular scaffold treated with the small molecule Smoothened agonist (SAG) could aid in critical-size mouse calvarial defect repair. First, we verified the pro-osteogenic effect of SAG in vitro, using primary neonatal mouse calvarial cells (NMCCs). Next, a 4 mm nonhealing defect was created in the mid-parietal bone of 10-week-old CD-1 mice. The scaffold consisted of a custom-fabricated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) disc with hydroxyapatite coating (measuring 4 mm diameter × 0.5 mm thickness). Treatment groups included dimethylsulfoxide control (n = 6), 0.5 mM SAG (n = 7) or 1.0 mM SAG (n = 7). Evaluation was performed at 4 and 8 weeks postoperative, by a combination of high-resolution microcomputed tomography, histology (H & E, Masson's Trichrome), histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry (BSP, OCN, VEGF). In vivo results showed that SAG treatment induced a significant and dose-dependent increase in calvarial bone healing by all radiographic parameters. Histomorphometric analysis showed an increase in all parameters of bone formation with SAG treatment, but also an increase in blood vessel number and density. In summary, SAG is a pro-osteogenic, provasculogenic stimulus when applied locally in a bone defect environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonchul Lee
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jia Shen
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hsin Chuan Pan
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Swati Shrestha
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Greg Asatrian
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan Nguyen
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carolyn Meyers
- 4 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vi Nguyen
- 1 Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Lee
- 5 Section of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chia Soo
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,6 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kang Ting
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University , Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron W James
- 3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,4 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
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50
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Hedgehog Signaling in Endochondral Ossification. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:jdb4020020. [PMID: 29615586 PMCID: PMC5831785 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays crucial roles in the patterning and morphogenesis of various organs within the bodies of vertebrates and insects. Endochondral ossification is one of the notable developmental events in which Hh signaling acts as a master regulator. Among three Hh proteins in mammals, Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is known to work as a major Hh input that induces biological impact of Hh signaling on the endochondral ossification. Ihh is expressed in prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes of developing endochondral bones. Genetic studies so far have demonstrated that the Ihh-mediated activation of Hh signaling synchronizes chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during endochondral ossification by regulating the following processes: (1) chondrocyte differentiation; (2) chondrocyte proliferation; and (3) specification of bone-forming osteoblasts. Ihh not only forms a negative feedback loop with parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) to maintain the growth plate length, but also directly promotes chondrocyte propagation. Ihh input is required for the specification of progenitors into osteoblast precursors. The combinatorial approaches of genome-wide analyses and mouse genetics will facilitate understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the roles of Hh signaling in endochondral ossification, providing genome-level evidence of the potential of Hh signaling for the treatment of skeletal disorders.
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