1
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Vlk AM, Prantner D, Shirey KA, Perkins DJ, Buzza MS, Thumbigere-Math V, Keegan AD, Vogel SN. M2a macrophages facilitate resolution of chemically-induced colitis in TLR4-SNP mice. mBio 2023; 14:e0120823. [PMID: 37768050 PMCID: PMC10653841 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01208-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, impacts millions of individuals worldwide and severely impairs the quality of life for patients. Dysregulation of innate immune signaling pathways reduces barrier function and exacerbates disease progression. Macrophage (Mφ) signaling pathways are potential targets for IBD therapies. While multiple treatments are available for IBD, (i) not all patients respond, (ii) responses may diminish over time, and (iii) treatments often have undesirable side effects. Genetic studies have shown that the inheritance of two co-segregating SNPs expressed in the innate immune receptor, TLR4, is associated with human IBD. Mice expressing homologous SNPs ("TLR4-SNP" mice) exhibited more severe colitis than WT mice in a DSS-induced colonic inflammation/repair model. We identified a critical role for M2a "tissue repair" Mφ in the resolution of colitis. Our findings provide insight into potential development of novel therapies targeting Mφ signaling pathways that aim to alleviate the debilitating symptoms experienced by individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Vlk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Prantner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kari Ann Shirey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Darren J. Perkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marguerite S. Buzza
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Thumbigere-Math
- Division of Periodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Achsah D. Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefanie N. Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Alsaffar RM, Alkholifi FK. Exploring the efficacy and contribution of Dupilumab in asthma management. Mol Immunol 2022; 146:9-17. [PMID: 35397375 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IgG4 monoclonal antibody Dupilumab binds to the alpha chain (IL4R) of both types of the ligand-binding domains (IL4R/ IL13R1; equally IL4 and IL13 specific) of the IL-4 receptor. The current focus on precision medicine techniques to blocking pathways implicated in allergy disorders is crucial to the development of Dupilumab and broadening its therapeutic uses. Our review describes how the IL-4R complexes signaling pathway works, explores the probable mechanisms of Dupilumab activity and addresses its clinical usefulness and safety in asthma. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) already licences it to treat Alzheimer's disease and moderate-to-severe asthma, and it has shown highly significant results in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis and Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Previous investigations and clinical trials undertaken by various pharmaceutical firms are examined in this review article to assess the existing literature fully. The discovery of Dupilumab and the expanding range of therapeutic uses are pertinent to the current focus on precision medicine methods to blocking asthma-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faisal K Alkholifi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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3
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VanDyke D, Wang W, Spangler JB. Innovative synthetic signaling technologies for immunotherapy. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Gorby C, Martinez-Fabregas J, Wilmes S, Moraga I. Mapping Determinants of Cytokine Signaling via Protein Engineering. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2143. [PMID: 30319612 PMCID: PMC6170656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines comprise a large family of secreted ligands that are critical for the regulation of immune homeostasis. Cytokines initiate signaling via dimerization or oligomerization of the cognate receptor subunits, triggering the activation of the Janus Kinases (JAKs)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) pathway and the induction of specific gene expression programs and bioactivities. Deregulation of cytokines or their downstream signaling pathways are at the root of many human disorders including autoimmunity and cancer. Identifying and understanding the mechanistic principles that govern cytokine signaling will, therefore, be highly important in order to harness the therapeutic potential of cytokines. In this review, we will analyze how biophysical (ligand-receptor binding geometry and affinity) and cellular (receptor trafficking and intracellular abundance of signaling molecules) parameters shape the cytokine signalosome and cytokine functional pleiotropy; from the initial cytokine binding to its receptor to the degradation of the cytokine receptor complex in the proteasome and/or lysosome. We will also discuss how combining advanced protein engineering with detailed signaling and functional studies has opened promising avenues to tackle complex questions in the cytokine signaling field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gorby
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Martinez-Fabregas
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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5
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Henrique JS, França EF, Cardoso FDS, Serra FT, de Almeida AA, Fernandes J, Arida RM, Gomes da Silva S. Cortical and hippocampal expression of inflammatory and intracellular signaling proteins in aged rats submitted to aerobic and resistance physical training. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:284-290. [PMID: 29958998 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is often accompanied by an increase in pro-inflammatory markers. This inflammatory process is directly related to cellular dysfunctions that induce events such as the exacerbated activation of cell death signaling pathways. In the aged brain, dysregulation of the normal activities of neuronal cells compromises brain functions, thereby favoring the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive deficits. Interactions between various stimuli, such as stress, are responsible for the modulation of cellular processes and activities. Physical exercise is a controllable model of stress, largely used as a strategy for studying the physiological mechanisms of inflammatory responses and their consequences. However, different types of physical exercise promote different responses in the organism. The present study was designed to investigate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and expression and activation of intracellular signaling proteins (CREB, ERK, Akt, p70S6k, STAT5, JNK, NFkB e p38) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal formation of aged rats submitted to aerobic and resistance exercise. Inflammatory analysis showed that aged rats that underwent resistance training had decreased cortical levels of RANTES and a reduction in the hippocampal levels of MIP-2 when compared with control animals (sedentary). No significant difference was detected in the cortical and hippocampal inflammatory response between aerobic and sedentary groups. However, when comparing the two training models (aerobic vs resistance), it was observed that aerobic training increased the cortical levels of IL-13, IL-6, IL-17α compared with resistance training. Regarding the signaling proteins, a significant increase in cortical expression of the proteins JNK, ERK and p70S6k was found in the aerobic group in relation to the sedentary group. No significant change in the cortical and hippocampal expression of signaling proteins was detected between resistance training and sedentary groups. Nevertheless, when training models were compared, it was observed that aerobic training increased cortical expression of the total proteins p38, ERK, Akt and p70S6k in relation to resistance training. Taken together, these results show that changes in the brain expression of inflammatory and cell survival proteins in aged rats depend on the type of physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jansen Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Keegan AD, Zamorano J, Keselman A, Heller NM. IL-4 and IL-13 Receptor Signaling From 4PS to Insulin Receptor Substrate 2: There and Back Again, a Historical View. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1037. [PMID: 29868002 PMCID: PMC5962649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this historical perspective, written in honor of Dr. William E. Paul, we describe the initial discovery of one of the dominant substrates for tyrosine phosphorylation stimulated by IL-4. We further describe how this “IL-4-induced phosphorylated substrate” (4PS) was characterized as a member of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family of large adaptor proteins that link IL-4 and insulin receptors to activation of the phosphatidyl-inositol 3′ kinase pathway as well as other downstream signaling pathways. The relative contribution of the 4PS/IRS pathway to the early models of IL-4-induced proliferation and suppression of apoptosis are compared to our more recent understanding of the complex interplay between positive and negative regulatory pathways emanating from members of the IRS family that impact allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achsah D Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jose Zamorano
- Unidad Investigacion, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Caceres, Spain
| | - Aleksander Keselman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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7
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Moraga I, Spangler JB, Mendoza JL, Gakovic M, Wehrman TS, Krutzik P, Garcia KC. Synthekines are surrogate cytokine and growth factor agonists that compel signaling through non-natural receptor dimers. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28498099 PMCID: PMC5429090 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine and growth-factor ligands typically signal through homo- or hetero-dimeric cell surface receptors via Janus Kinase (JAK/TYK), or Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)-mediated trans-phosphorylation. However, the number of receptor dimer pairings occurring in nature is limited to those driven by natural ligands encoded within our genome. We have engineered synthethic cytokines (synthekines) that drive formation of cytokine receptor dimer pairings that are not formed by endogenous cytokines and that are not found in nature, and which activate distinct signaling programs. We show that a wide range of non-natural cytokine receptor hetero-dimers are competent to elicit a signaling output. We engineered synthekine ligands that assembled IL-2Rβ/IL-4Rα or IL-4Rα/IFNAR2 receptor heterodimers, that do not occur naturally, triggering signaling and functional responses distinct from those activated by the endogenous cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN. Furthermore, hybrid synthekine ligands that dimerized a JAK/STAT cytokine receptor with a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) also elicited a signaling response. Synthekines represent a new family of synthetic ligands with pre-defined receptors, but 'orphan' functions, that enable the full combinatorial scope of dimeric signaling receptors encoded within the human genome to be exploited for basic research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Milica Gakovic
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | | | | | - K Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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8
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Warren KJ, Fang X, Gowda NM, Thompson JJ, Heller NM. The TORC1-activated Proteins, p70S6K and GRB10, Regulate IL-4 Signaling and M2 Macrophage Polarization by Modulating Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-2. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24922-24930. [PMID: 27742835 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung M2 macrophages are regulators of airway inflammation, associated with poor lung function in allergic asthma. Previously, we demonstrated that IL-4-induced M2 gene expression correlated with tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) in macrophages. We hypothesized that negative regulation of IRS-2 activity after IL-4 stimulation is dependent upon serine phosphorylation of IRS-2. Herein, we describe an inverse relationship between tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr(P)) and serine phosphorylation (Ser(P)) of IRS-2 after IL-4 stimulation. Inhibiting serine phosphatase activity increased Ser(P)-IRS-2 and decreased Tyr(P)-IRS-2 leading to reduced M2 gene expression (CD200R, CCL22, MMP12, and TGM2). We found that inhibition of p70S6K, downstream of TORC1, resulted in diminished Ser(P)-IRS-2 and prolonged Tyr(P)-IRS-2 as well. Inhibition of p70S6K increased expression of CD200R and CCL22 indicating that p70S6K negatively regulates some, but not all, human M2 genes. Knocking down GRB10, another negative regulatory protein downstream of TORC1, enhanced both Tyr(P)-IRS-2 and increased expression of all four M2 genes. Furthermore, GRB10 associated with IRS-2, NEDD4.2 (an E3-ubiquitin ligase), IL-4Rα, and γC after IL-4 stimulation. Both IL-4Rα and γC were ubiquitinated after 30 min of IL-4 treatment, suggesting that GRB10 may regulate degradation of the IL-4 receptor-signaling complex through interactions with NEDD4.2. Taken together, these data highlight two novel regulatory proteins that could be therapeutically manipulated to limit IL-4-induced IRS-2 signaling and polarization of M2 macrophages in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi J Warren
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Xi Fang
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nagaraj M Gowda
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Joshua J Thompson
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Nicola M Heller
- From Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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9
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Bagnasco D, Ferrando M, Varricchi G, Passalacqua G, Canonica GW. A Critical Evaluation of Anti-IL-13 and Anti-IL-4 Strategies in Severe Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 170:122-31. [PMID: 27637004 DOI: 10.1159/000447692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a high-prevalence disease, still accounting for mortality and high direct and indirect costs. It is now recognized that, despite the implementation of guidelines, a large proportion of cases remain not controlled. Certainly, adherence to therapy and the education of patients remain the primary objective, but the increasingly detailed knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms and new biotechnologies offer the opportunity to better address and treat the disease. Interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4 appear as the most suitable targets to treat the T helper 2 (TH2)-mediated forms (endotypes) of asthma. IL-13 and IL-4 partly share the same receptor and signaling pathways and both are deeply involved in immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis, eosinophil activation, mucus secretion and airways remodeling. Several anti-IL-13 strategies have been proposed (anrukinzumab, lebrikizunab and tralokinumab), with relevant clinical results reported with lebrikizumab. Such studies facilitate better definition of the possible predictive markers of response to a specific treatment (e.g. eosinophils, total IgE, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide and periostin). In parallel, anti-IL-4 strategies have been attempted (pascolizumab, pitakinra and dupilumab). So far, dupilumab was reported capable of reducing the severity of asthma and the rate of exacerbations. IL-13 and IL-4 are crucial in TH2-mediated inflammation in asthma, but it remains clear that only specific endotypes respond to these treatments. Although the use of anti-IL-14 and anti-IL-13 strategies is promising, the search for appropriate predictive biomarkers is urgently needed to better apply biological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, DIMI Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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10
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McCormick SM, Heller NM. Commentary: IL-4 and IL-13 receptors and signaling. Cytokine 2015; 75:38-50. [PMID: 26187331 PMCID: PMC4546937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 were discovered approximately 30years ago and were immediately linked to allergy and atopic diseases. Since then, new roles for IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in normal gestation, fetal development and neurological function and in the pathogenesis of cancer and fibrosis have been appreciated. Studying IL-4/-13 and their receptors has revealed important clues about cytokine biology and led to the development of numerous experimental therapeutics. Here we aim to highlight new discoveries and consolidate concepts in the field of IL-4 and IL-13 structure, receptor regulation, signaling and experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M McCormick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Nicola M Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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11
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Bao K, Reinhardt RL. The differential expression of IL-4 and IL-13 and its impact on type-2 immunity. Cytokine 2015; 75:25-37. [PMID: 26073683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergic disease represents a significant global health burden, and disease incidence continues to rise in urban areas of the world. As such, a better understanding of the basic immune mechanisms underlying disease pathology are key to developing therapeutic interventions to both prevent disease onset as well as to ameliorate disease morbidity in those individuals already suffering from a disorder linked to type-2 inflammation. Two factors central to type-2 immunity are interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which have been linked to virtually all major hallmarks associated with type-2 inflammation. Therefore, IL-4 and IL-13 and their regulatory pathways represent ideal targets to suppress disease. Despite sharing many common regulatory pathways and receptors, these cytokines perform very distinct functions during a type-2 immune response. This review summarizes the literature surrounding the function and expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in CD4+ T cells and innate immune cells. It highlights recent findings in vivo regarding the differential expression and non-canonical regulation of IL-4 and IL-13 in various immune cells, which likely play important and underappreciated roles in type-2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - R Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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12
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Moraga I, Wernig G, Wilmes S, Gryshkova V, Richter CP, Hong WJ, Sinha R, Guo F, Fabionar H, Wehrman TS, Krutzik P, Demharter S, Plo I, Weissman IL, Minary P, Majeti R, Constantinescu SN, Piehler J, Garcia KC. Tuning cytokine receptor signaling by re-orienting dimer geometry with surrogate ligands. Cell 2015; 160:1196-208. [PMID: 25728669 PMCID: PMC4766813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Most cell-surface receptors for cytokines and growth factors signal as dimers, but it is unclear whether remodeling receptor dimer topology is a viable strategy to "tune" signaling output. We utilized diabodies (DA) as surrogate ligands in a prototypical dimeric receptor-ligand system, the cytokine Erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EpoR), to dimerize EpoR ectodomains in non-native architectures. Diabody-induced signaling amplitudes varied from full to minimal agonism, and structures of these DA/EpoR complexes differed in EpoR dimer orientation and proximity. Diabodies also elicited biased or differential activation of signaling pathways and gene expression profiles compared to EPO. Non-signaling diabodies inhibited proliferation of erythroid precursors from patients with a myeloproliferative neoplasm due to a constitutively active JAK2V617F mutation. Thus, intracellular oncogenic mutations causing ligand-independent receptor activation can be counteracted by extracellular ligands that re-orient receptors into inactive dimer topologies. This approach has broad applications for tuning signaling output for many dimeric receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA
| | - Gerlinde Wernig
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA,Department of Pathology, Division of Hematopathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Vitalina Gryshkova
- Ludwig Institute For Cancer Research and de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Wan-Jen Hong
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA
| | - Hyna Fabionar
- DiscoveRx, 42501 Albrae St, Fremont, California, 94538, USA
| | - Tom S. Wehrman
- Primity Bio, 3350 Scott blvd ste 6101, Santa Clara, CA 95054
| | - Peter Krutzik
- Primity Bio, 3350 Scott blvd ste 6101, Santa Clara, CA 95054
| | - Samuel Demharter
- Department of Computer Science Wolfson Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Plo
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1009, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA
| | - Peter Minary
- Department of Computer Science Wolfson Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA
| | - Stefan N. Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute For Cancer Research and de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305-5345, USA,Correspondence to:
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13
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Differential expression of the fractalkine chemokine receptor (CX3CR1) in human monocytes during differentiation. Cell Mol Immunol 2014; 12:669-80. [PMID: 25502213 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating monocytes (Mos) may continuously repopulate macrophage (MAC) or dendritic cell (DC) populations to maintain homeostasis. MACs and DCs are specialized cells that play different and complementary immunological functions. Accordingly, they present distinct migratory properties. Specifically, whereas MACs largely remain in tissues, DCs are capable of migrating from peripheral tissues to lymphoid organs. The aim of this work was to analyze the expression of the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) during the monocytic differentiation process. Freshly isolated Mos express high levels of both CX3CR1 mRNA and protein. During the Mo differentiation process, CX3CR1 is downregulated in both DCs and MACs. However, MACs showed significantly higher CX3CR1 expression levels than did DC. We also observed an antagonistic CX3CR1 regulation by interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 during MAC activation through the classical and alternative MAC pathways, respectively. IFN-γ inhibited the loss of CX3CR1, but IL-4 induced it. Additionally, we demonstrated an association between CX3CR1 expression and apoptosis prevention by soluble fractalkine (sCX3CL1) in Mos, DCs and MACs. This is the first report demonstrating sequential and differential CX3CR1 modulation during Mo differentiation. Most importantly, we demonstrated a functional link between CX3CR1 expression and cell survival in the presence of sCX3CL1.
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Moraga I, Spangler J, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC. Multifarious determinants of cytokine receptor signaling specificity. Adv Immunol 2014; 121:1-39. [PMID: 24388212 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800100-4.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play crucial roles in regulating immune homeostasis. Two important characteristics of most cytokines are pleiotropy, defined as the ability of one cytokine to exhibit diverse functionalities, and redundancy, defined as the ability of multiple cytokines to exert overlapping activities. Identifying the determinants for unique cellular responses to cytokines in the face of shared receptor usage, pleiotropy, and redundancy will be essential in order to harness the potential of cytokines as therapeutics. Here, we discuss the biophysical (ligand-receptor geometry and affinity) and cellular (receptor trafficking and intracellular abundance of signaling molecules) parameters that contribute to the specificity of cytokine bioactivities. Whereas the role of extracellular ternary complex geometry in cytokine-induced signaling is still not completely elucidated, cytokine-receptor affinity is known to impact signaling through modulation of the stability and kinetics of ternary complex formation. Receptor trafficking also plays an important and likely underappreciated role in the diversification of cytokine bioactivities but it has been challenging to experimentally probe trafficking effects. We also review recent efforts to quantify levels of intracellular signaling components, as second messenger abundance can affect cytokine-induced bioactivities both quantitatively and qualitatively. We conclude by discussing the application of protein engineering to develop therapeutically relevant cytokines with reduced pleiotropy and redirected biological functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jamie Spangler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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