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Liu Y, Zhong W, Xing M. Low density methacrylated pea, corn, and tapioca starch covalent cryogels with excellent elasticity and water/oil absorption capacity. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 340:122234. [PMID: 38858015 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Porous starch materials are promising in several applications as renewable natural biomaterials. This study reports an approach combining methacrylation of starch and chemical crosslinked cryogelation to fabricate highly elastic macroporous starch (ST-MA) cryogels with impressed water/oil absorption capacity and wet thermal stability among starch based porous materials. Five different types of starch, including pea, normal corn, high amylose corn, tapioca, and waxy maize starch with different amylose content, have been studied. The methacrylation degree is not related with amylose content. All cryogels exhibited excellent compressive elasticity enduring 90 % deformation without failure and good robustness in cyclic tests. The ST-MA cryogels from pea starch exhibited the highest Young's modulus and compressive strength among five types of starch. These covalent cryogels exhibit high wet-thermal stability and enzymatic hydrolysis stability, while still are biodegradable. The dry ST-MA sponges (2 wt%) showed outstanding liquid absorption capacity, absorbing ~40 folds (g/g) of water or ~ 36 folds (g/g) of oil respectively. All types of starch have similar liquid absorption performance. This study provides a universal approach to fabricate highly elastic covalent starch macroporous materials with impressed liquid absorption capacity and outstanding stability, especially wet-thermal stability, and may expand their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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2
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Zhang X, Yang L, Gan Q, Jiang S, Liang D, Gao J, Meng Y. BmTBP upregulates the transcription of BmSuc1 in silkworm (Bombyx mori) by binding to BmTfΙΙA-S. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1405-1419. [PMID: 36585848 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The BmSuc1 gene, which encodes a novel animal-type β-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26), was first cloned and identified in silkworm (Bombyx mori). As an essential sucrase, the activity of BmSUC1 is unaffected by alkaloidal sugar mimics in mulberry leaves. This enzyme may also directly regulate the degree of sucrose hydrolysis in the silkworm midgut. In addition, BmSUC1 is involved in the synthesis of sericin 1 in the silk gland tissue. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of BmSuc1 transcription remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the BmSuc1 promoter activity using a dual-luciferase reporter assay and identified 4 regions that are critical for transcriptional activation. The gene encoding a predicted transcription factor (TATA-box-binding protein; BmTBP) capable of binding to the core promoter regions was cloned. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated the gene was highly expressed in the midgut. Downregulating BmTBP expression via RNA interference decreased the expression of BmSuc1 at the transcript and protein levels. An electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that BmTBP can bind to the TATA-box cis-regulatory element in the BmSuc1 promoter. Furthermore, a bioinformatics-based analysis and a far-western blot revealed the interaction between BmTBP and another transcription factor (BmTfIIA-S). The luciferase reporter gene assay results confirmed that the BmTBP-BmTfIIA-S complex increases the BmSuc1 promoter activity. Considered together, these findings suggest that BmTBP regulates BmSuc1 expression through its interaction with BmTfIIA-S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangli Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Gan
- Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Song Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Junshan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
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3
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Atiq-Ur-Rehman. GC-MS analysis of n-hexane extract of Fagonia indica Burm.f. with hypoglycaemic potential. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3702-3710. [PMID: 35776099 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2092731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical investigation of n-hexane extract of the aerial parts of Fagonia indica to identify hypoglycaemic compounds. Also, to investigate this extract for lactase enzyme inhibition responsible for hypoglycaemic activity. Phytochemical screening, GC-MS analysis and lactase inhibition of n-hexane extract was performed by the standard methods. GC-MS analytical study identified 15 compounds in this extract. The maximum percentage of lactase enzyme inhibition of n-hexane extract was 26.21 ± 1.25% (IC50 value of 311.2 ± 16.09 μg/mL) at 100 μg/mL concentration. The standard acarbose showed lactase inhibition of 63.21 ± 0.92% (IC50 value of 32.51 ± 0.85 µg/mL) at the same concentration. n-Hexane extract can be a potential source in the management of diabetes due to the presence of biologically active hypoglycaemic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiq-Ur-Rehman
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hajvery University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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4
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Hong H, Schulze KV, Copeland IE, Atyam M, Kamp K, Hanchard NA, Belmont J, Ringel-Kulka T, Heitkemper M, Shulman RJ. Genetic Variants in Carbohydrate Digestive Enzyme and Transport Genes Associated with Risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.20.23295800. [PMID: 37790351 PMCID: PMC10543038 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.23295800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and alterations in bowel pattern, such as constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), or mixed (IBS-M). Since malabsorption of ingested carbohydrates (CHO) can cause abdominal symptoms that closely mimic those of IBS, identifying genetic mutations in CHO digestive enzymes associated with IBS symptoms is critical to ascertain IBS pathophysiology. Through candidate gene association studies, we identify several common variants in TREH, SI, SLC5A1 and SLC2A5 that are associated with IBS symptoms. By investigating rare recessive Mendelian or oligogenic inheritance patterns, we identify case-exclusive rare deleterious variation in known disease genes (SI, LCT, ALDOB, and SLC5A1) as well as candidate disease genes (MGAM and SLC5A2), providing potential evidence of monogenic or oligogenic inheritance in a subset of IBS cases. Finally, our data highlight that moderate to severe IBS-associated gastrointestinal symptoms are often observed in IBS cases carrying one or more of deleterious rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong Hong
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
| | | | - Ian E. Copeland
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Manasa Atyam
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Kendra Kamp
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington School of Nursing
| | - Neil A. Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - John Belmont
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Tamar Ringel-Kulka
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Margaret Heitkemper
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington School of Nursing
| | - Robert J. Shulman
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
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Brown HA, DeVeaux AL, Juliano BR, Photenhauer AL, Boulinguiez M, Bornschein RE, Wawrzak Z, Ruotolo BT, Terrapon N, Koropatkin NM. BoGH13A Sus from Bacteroides ovatus represents a novel α-amylase used for Bacteroides starch breakdown in the human gut. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:232. [PMID: 37500984 PMCID: PMC10540511 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04812-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Bacteroidetes phylum in the human colon deploy an extensive number of proteins to capture and degrade polysaccharides. Operons devoted to glycan breakdown and uptake are termed polysaccharide utilization loci or PUL. The starch utilization system (Sus) is one such PUL and was initially described in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt). BtSus is highly conserved across many species, except for its extracellular α-amylase, SusG. In this work, we show that the Bacteroides ovatus (Bo) extracellular α-amylase, BoGH13ASus, is distinguished from SusG in its evolutionary origin and its domain architecture and by being the most prevalent form in Bacteroidetes Sus. BoGH13ASus is the founding member of both a novel subfamily in the glycoside hydrolase family 13, GH13_47, and a novel carbohydrate-binding module, CBM98. The BoGH13ASus CBM98-CBM48-GH13_47 architecture differs from the CBM58 embedded within the GH13_36 of SusG. These domains adopt a distinct spatial orientation and invoke a different association with the outer membrane. The BoCBM98 binding site is required for Bo growth on polysaccharides and optimal enzymatic degradation thereof. Finally, the BoGH13ASus structure features bound Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions, the latter of which is novel for an α-amylase. Little is known about the impact of Mn2+ on gut bacterial function, much less on polysaccharide consumption, but Mn2+ addition to Bt expressing BoGH13ASus specifically enhances growth on starch. Further understanding of bacterial starch degradation signatures will enable more tailored prebiotic and pharmaceutical approaches that increase starch flux to the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Anna L DeVeaux
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brock R Juliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amanda L Photenhauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthieu Boulinguiez
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, CNRS AMU; USC1408 INRAE, 13288, Marseille, France
| | | | - Zdzislaw Wawrzak
- Synchrotron Research Center, Life Science Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Brandon T Ruotolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257, CNRS AMU; USC1408 INRAE, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Nicole M Koropatkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Shim YE, Song YB, Yoo SH, Lee BH. Production of highly branched α-limit dextrins with enhanced slow digestibility by various glycogen-branching enzymes. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120730. [PMID: 36925263 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
α-Limit dextrins (α-LDx) are slowly digestible carbohydrates that attenuate postprandial glycemic response and trigger the secretion of satiety-related hormones. In this study, more highly branched α-LDx were enzymatically synthesized to enhance the slowly digestible property by various origins of glycogen branching enzyme (GBE), which catalyzes the transglycosylation to form α-1,6 branching points after cleaving α-1,4 linkages. Results showed that the proportion of branched α-LDx in starch molecules increased around 2.2-8.1 % compared to α-LDx from starch without GBE treatment as the ratio of α-1,6 linkages increased after different types of GBE treatments. Furthermore, the enzymatic increment of branching points enhanced the slowly digestible properties of α-LDx at the mammalian α-glucosidase level by 17.3-28.5 %, although the rates of glucose generation were different depending on the source of GBE treatment. Thus, the highly branched α-LDx with a higher amount of α-1,6 linkages and a higher molecular weight can be applied as a functional ingredient to deliver glucose throughout the entire small intestine without a glycemic spike which has the potential to control metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; Core-Facility for Bionano Materials, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bo Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Lu L, Chen J, Tao W, Wang Z, Liu D, Zhou J, Wu X, Sun H, Li W, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Zhao B, Wu L, Xie W. Design and Synthesis of Sulfonium Derivatives: A Novel Class of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors with Potent In Vivo Antihyperglycemic Activities. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3484-3498. [PMID: 36812150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first attempt of double-spot structural modification on a side-chain moiety of sulfonium-type α-glucosidase inhibitors isolated from genus Salacia. A series of sulfonium salts with benzylidene acetal linkage at the C3' and C5' positions were designed and synthesized. In vitro enzyme inhibition evaluation showed that compounds with a strong electron-withdrawing group attached at the ortho position on the phenyl ring present stronger inhibitory activities. Notably, the most potent inhibitor 21b (1.0 mpk) can exhibit excellent hypoglycemic effects in mice, which can still compete with those of acarbose (20.0 mpk). Molecular docking of 21b demonstrated that besides conventional interacting patterns, the newly introduced benzylidene acetal moiety plays an important role in anchoring the whole molecule in a concave pocket of the enzyme. The successful identification of 21b as a lead compound for new drug discovery may provide a means for structure modification and diversification of the distinguished sulfonium-type α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Tannous S, Stellbrinck T, Hoter A, Naim HY. Interaction between the α-glucosidases, sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase, in human intestinal brush border membranes and its potential impact on disaccharide digestion. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1160860. [PMID: 36968271 PMCID: PMC10030609 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1160860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The two major intestinal α-glycosidases, sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), are active towards α-1,4 glycosidic linkages that prevail in starch. These enzymes share striking structural similarities and follow similar biosynthetic pathways. It has been hypothesized that starch digestion can be modulated via “toggling” of activities of these mucosal α-glycosidases, suggesting a possible interaction between these two enzyme complexes in the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM). Here, the potential interaction between SI and MGAM was investigated in solubilized BBMs utilizing reciprocal pull down assays, i.e., immunoprecipitation with anti-SI antibody followed by Western blotting with anti-MGAM antibody and vice versa. Our results demonstrate that SI interacts avidly with MGAM concomitant with a hetero-complex assembly in the BBMs. This interaction is resistant to detergents, such as Triton X-100 or Triton X-100 in combination with sodium deoxycholate. By contrast, inclusion of sodium deoxycholate into the solubilization buffer reduces the enzymatic activities towards sucrose and maltose substantially, most likely due to alterations in the quaternary structure of either enzyme. In view of their interaction, SI and MGAM regulate the final steps in starch digestion in the intestine, whereby SI assumes the major role by virtue of its predominant expression in the intestinal BBMs, while MGAM acts in auxiliary supportive fashion. These findings will help understand the pathophysiology of carbohydrate malabsorption in functional gastrointestinal disorders, particularly in irritable bowel syndrome, in which gene variants of SI are implicated.
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Gamboa-Gómez CI, Denise-Herrera M, Simental-Mendía LE, Zamilpa-Alvarez A, González-Cortazar M, Martínez-Aguilar G, Alvarado-Aguilar P, Morales-Castro EP, Ávila-Soto JA, Amador-Herrera JA, Guerrero-Romero F. Inhibitory effect of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) extracts on digestive enzymes in vitro, and beneficial impact on carbohydrates and lipids absorption in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115527. [PMID: 35817248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although Mexican oregano inhibits digestive enzymes in vitro its effect on the absorption of carbohydrates and lipids in vivo has not been addressed. AIM OF THE STUDY Assess the effect of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) on carbohydrates and lipids absorption in vivo. The antioxidant activity also was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enzymatic inhibitory action of lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase was evaluated in vitro. Oral lipid (OLTT) and starch tolerance tests (OSTT) were conducted with L. graveolens acetone (O-A) and ethanol (O-E) extracts (at 102 mg/kg body weight equivalent to a 1 g human doses) in male Wistar rats. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and scavenging radical. RESULTS Both extracts exhibited higher inhibitory median concentration (IC50) of lipase activity (1.9 μg/μL for O-E and 1.8 μg/μL for O-A) than the positive control (Orlistat) (0.07 μg/μL). The IC50 of α-amylase was higher (41.8 μg/μL for O-E and 25.2 μg/μL for O-A) than the Acarbose (2.5 μg/μL); while α-glucosidase results showed not statistically differences between groups (∼1.7 μg/μL). The OLTT results showed that both extracts significantly reduced serum triglycerides (∼147 mg/dL for O-E and ∼155 mg/dL for O-A) as compared with negative control group (only lipid load). In the OSTT, glucose levels showed a significant decrease (∼31 mg/dL for O-E and ∼17 mg/dL for O-A) than the negative control group (only starch load). About in vitro antioxidant evaluation, not statistically differences between extracts and positive control (Trolox) were observed for scavenged free radicals (∼2.0 μg/μL); whereas O-A inhibited lipid peroxidation similar to the Trolox (∼0.8 μg/μL IC50). The main chemical composition of both extracts was coumaric acid, luteolin, rutinoside, naringenin, and carvacrol. CONCLUSIONS Both extracts reduce lipid absorption; whereas O-E decreases carbohydrate absorption in vivo. Both extracts inhibit lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Mayra Denise-Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Km 24.5 Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo, 98500, Calera de V.R., Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gerardo Martínez-Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Pablo Alvarado-Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Elisa P Morales-Castro
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - José A Ávila-Soto
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Juan A Amador-Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, 34067, Durango, Mexico.
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10
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Miller N, Joubert E. Critical Assessment of In Vitro Screening of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Plants with Acarbose as a Reference Standard. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1078-1091. [PMID: 34662924 DOI: 10.1055/a-1557-7379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia is treated with the oral antidiabetic drug acarbose, an intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitor. Side effects of acarbose motivated a growing number of screening studies to identify novel α-glucosidase inhibitors derived from plant extracts and other natural sources. As "gold standard", acarbose is frequently included as the reference standard to assess the potency of these candidate α-glucosidase inhibitors, with many outperforming acarbose by several orders of magnitude. The results are subsequently used to identify suitable compounds/products with strong potential for in vivo efficacy. However, most α-glucosidase inhibitor screening studies use enzyme preparations obtained from nonmammalian sources (typically Saccharomyces cerevisiae), despite strong evidence that inhibition data obtained using nonmammalian α-glucosidase may hold limited value in terms of identifying α-glucosidase inhibitors with actual in vivo hypoglycemic potential. The aim was to critically discuss the screening of novel α-glucosidase inhibitors from plant sources, emphasizing inconsistencies and pitfalls, specifically where acarbose was included as the reference standard. An assessment of the available literature emphasized the cruciality of stating the biological source of α-glucosidase in such screening studies to allow for unambiguous and rational interpretation of the data. The review also highlights the lack of a universally adopted screening assay for novel α-glucosidase inhibitors and the commercial availability of a standardized preparation of mammalian α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Miller
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest & Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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11
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Kim DK, Lee BH. New glucogenesis inhibition model based on complete α-glucosidases from rat intestinal tissues validated with various types of natural and pharmaceutical inhibitors. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:4419-4424. [PMID: 35077587 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidases from rat intestinal acetone powder (RIAP) has been widely used in research focused on regulating glucogenesis to be applied as a strategy to control obesity and type II diabetes. However, the crude extract has different compositions of α-glucosidases than a complete RIAP suspension due to enzymes anchored on the intestinal tissues after the extraction. Here, the inhibitory effects of different pharmaceutical and food-grade inhibitors on the enzymes in the RIAP suspension were investigated. RESULTS Instead of crude extracts from RIAP, the RIAP suspension without the extraction process was applied to optimize the α-glucosidase inhibitory model by pharmaceutical/natural inhibitors. The results clearly showed that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration ratios of four individual α-glucosidases by various inhibitors were different between the RIAP suspension and the crude extract. In particular, isomaltase from the RIAP suspension required more inhibitors than the crude extraction did, as this enzyme is still anchored to the remaining intestinal tissue from the extraction process. CONCLUSION The crude extract from RIAP contains only a portion of the enzymes, which poses limitations for determining the precise inhibitory properties by various types of enzyme inhibitors. On the contrary, an in vitro assay with RIAP suspension that has all the α-glucosidases is a more suitable method for determining digestibility of glycemic carbohydrates. This new approach can be applied to the development of natural/synthetic α-glucosidase inhibitors to attenuate the postprandial glycemic response more accurately. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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12
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Computation Screening of Multi-Target Antidiabetic Properties of Phytochemicals in Common Edible Mediterranean Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131637. [PMID: 35807588 PMCID: PMC9269125 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease and one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Numerous studies support that the Mediterranean diet has preventive and treatment effects on diabetes. These effects have been attributed to the special bioactive composition of Mediterranean foods. The objective of this work was to decipher the antidiabetic activity of Mediterranean edible plant materials using the DIA-DB inverse virtual screening web server. A literature review on the antidiabetic potential of Mediterranean plants was performed and twenty plants were selected for further examination. Subsequently, the most abundant flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenes in plant materials were studied to predict their antidiabetic activity. Results showed that flavonoids are the most active phytochemicals as they modulate the function of 17 protein-targets and present high structural similarity with antidiabetic drugs. Their antidiabetic effects are linked with three mechanisms of action, namely (i) regulation of insulin secretion/sensitivity, (ii) regulation of glucose metabolism, and (iii) regulation of lipid metabolism. Overall, the findings can be utilized to understand the antidiabetic activity of edible Mediterranean plants pinpointing the most active phytoconstituents.
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13
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Andersen MK, Skotte L, Jørsboe E, Polito R, Stæger FF, Aldiss P, Hanghøj K, Waples RK, Santander CG, Grarup N, Dahl-Petersen IK, Diaz LJ, Overvad M, Senftleber NK, Søborg B, Larsen CVL, Lemoine C, Pedersen O, Feenstra B, Bjerregaard P, Melbye M, Jørgensen ME, Færgeman NJ, Koch A, Moritz T, Gillum MP, Moltke I, Hansen T, Albrechtsen A. Loss of Sucrase-Isomaltase Function Increases Acetate Levels and Improves Metabolic Health in Greenlandic Cohorts. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1171-1182.e3. [PMID: 34914943 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The sucrase-isomaltase (SI) c.273_274delAG loss-of-function variant is common in Arctic populations and causes congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, which is an inability to break down and absorb sucrose and isomaltose. Children with this condition experience gastrointestinal symptoms when dietary sucrose is introduced. We aimed to describe the health of adults with sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. METHODS The association between c.273_274delAG and phenotypes related to metabolic health was assessed in 2 cohorts of Greenlandic adults (n = 4922 and n = 1629). A sucrase-isomaltase knockout (Sis-KO) mouse model was used to further elucidate the findings. RESULTS Homozygous carriers of the variant had a markedly healthier metabolic profile than the remaining population, including lower body mass index (β [standard error], -2.0 [0.5] kg/m2; P = 3.1 × 10-5), body weight (-4.8 [1.4] kg; P = 5.1 × 10-4), fat percentage (-3.3% [1.0%]; P = 3.7 × 10-4), fasting triglyceride (-0.27 [0.07] mmol/L; P = 2.3 × 10-6), and remnant cholesterol (-0.11 [0.03] mmol/L; P = 4.2 × 10-5). Further analyses suggested that this was likely mediated partly by higher circulating levels of acetate observed in homozygous carriers (β [standard error], 0.056 [0.002] mmol/L; P = 2.1 × 10-26), and partly by reduced sucrose uptake, but not lower caloric intake. These findings were verified in Sis-KO mice, which, compared with wild-type mice, were leaner on a sucrose-containing diet, despite similar caloric intake, had significantly higher plasma acetate levels in response to a sucrose gavage, and had lower plasma glucose level in response to a sucrose-tolerance test. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that sucrase-isomaltase constitutes a promising drug target for improvement of metabolic health, and that the health benefits are mediated by reduced dietary sucrose uptake and possibly also by higher levels of circulating acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette K Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Jørsboe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan Polito
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik F Stæger
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Aldiss
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Hanghøj
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan K Waples
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cindy G Santander
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inger K Dahl-Petersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lars J Diaz
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Ninna K Senftleber
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Bolette Søborg
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina V L Larsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Clara Lemoine
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerregaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Koch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew P Gillum
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Moltke
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Anders Albrechtsen
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Ryu JJ, Li X, Lee ES, Li D, Lee BH. Slowly digestible property of highly branched α-limit dextrins produced by 4,6-α-glucanotransferase from Streptococcus thermophilus evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118685. [PMID: 34742415 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Starch molecules are first degraded to slowly digestible α-limit dextrins (α-LDx) and rapidly hydrolyzable linear malto-oligosaccharides (LMOs) by salivary and pancreatic α-amylases. In this study, we designed a slowly digestible highly branched α-LDx with maximized α-1,6 linkages using 4,6-α-glucanotransferase (4,6-αGT), which creates a short length of α-1,4 side chains with increasing branching points. The results showed that a short length of external chains mainly composed of 1-8 glucosyl units was newly synthesized in different amylose contents of corn starches, and the α-1,6 linkage ratio of branched α-LDx after the chromatographical purification was significantly increased from 4.6% to 22.1%. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that enzymatically modified α-LDx had improved slowly digestible properties and extended glycemic responses. Therefore, 4,6-αGT treatment enhanced the slowly digestible properties of highly branched α-LDx and promises usefulness as a functional ingredient to attenuate postprandial glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jin Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing Technology at Jilin Provincial Universities, Education Department of Jilin Provincial Government, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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15
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S Shenoy R, Kumar D J, HG N, Manonmani H. In silico evaluation of naturally isolated triterpene glycosides (TG) from Gymnema sylvestre towards diabetic treatment. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08407. [PMID: 34917786 PMCID: PMC8646171 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder which is characterised by high levels of blood glucose. Most of the oral drugs available today for the treatment of diabetes are associated with various side-effects. Herbal medicines are considered relatively safer alternatives and Gymnema sylvestre (GS) is one such known traditional medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of diabetes. In our previous work, we isolated active triterpene glycosides (TG) from Gymnema sylvestre (GS) and screened for yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. The present study aims to use in silico techniques to understand and predict the inhibitory role of the isolated triterpene glycosides (TG); Gymnemic acid I, IV, VII and gymnemagenin against disaccharidase enzymes. enzyme kinetic analysis using Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that TG competitively inhibited yeast α-glucosidase at IC50 concentration with Ki 0.0028 μM. TG also exhibited significant inhibitory activity against mammalian sucrase and maltase respectively, compared to control. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The molecular docking simulation reveals that TG is capable of docking well with crystallographic structures of the selected enzyme targets. Inhibition of α-glucosidases could delay the absorption of glucose in the blood during post-meal digestion. Thus the current study highlights the dietary intervention of TG towards the selected enzyme targets, thus making TG a potential nutraceutical candidate towards management of blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi S Shenoy
- Department of Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Department of Biotechnology, B.M.S College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Jagadeesh Kumar D
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Nagendra HG
- Department of Biotechnology, Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - H.K. Manonmani
- Department of Food Protectants and Infestation Control, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020, India
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16
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Kim HR, Hong JS, Choi SJ, Moon TW. Modeling of in vitro digestion behavior of corn starches of different digestibility using modified log of slope (LOS) method. Food Res Int 2021; 146:110436. [PMID: 34119249 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to further improve the previously described first-order equation representing in vitro digestion of starch by extensively explaining modified log of slope (LOS) plot method. Hydrolysis curves of various starches were analyzed using original and/or modified LOS plot methods. Some starches showed significant differences in the results from the two methods; specifically, the modified method better described the digestive behavior of starch with various digestion properties, supported by higher determination coefficient values and better estimation of the digestibility data over digestive phase. The digestion parameters obtained from the modified method provided multiple types of information, including amount and digestion rate of each starch fraction (rapidly digestible, slowly digestible, and resistant starch), supporting the concept of digestible fraction classification. Therefore, the modified LOS plot method described here can be applied as an effective tool for analyzing and describing the multi-scale in vitro digestion behavior of starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ram Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Group of Food Processing, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Hong
- Research Group of Food Processing, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Wha Moon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Zhang D, Liu X, Yang Z, Shi J, Zhao L, Battino M, Xiao J, Deng X, Wu Y, Wang C, Shi B, Zou X. Interactions between Phenols and Alkylamides of Sichuan Pepper ( Zanthoxylum Genus) in α-Glucosidase Inhibition: A Structural Mechanism Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5583-5598. [PMID: 33977724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The phenols and alkylamides in 26 varieties of Zanthoxylum pericarps (ZP) were comparatively identified, and the contribution of these key components to the inhibition of in vitro α-glucosidase (α-Glu) was confirmed using principal component analysis (PCA) and ingredient recombination models. Additionally, spectrophotometric assays, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular docking (MD) were employed to characterize the interactions among key components in ZP when exposed to α-Glu. Four phenols and hydroxy-α-sanshool (α-SOH), which were recognized as main ingredients, presented an antagonistic effect in the inhibition of α-Glu. 1H NMR demonstrated chemical shifts of certain hydrogens in the B phenolic ring and tetraenyl group, indicating a possible p-π conjugation between phenols and α-SOH. In addition, using MD analysis, the phenol-binding sites were observed to be negatively affected when α-SOH initially interacted with α-Glu. The combined results of the NMR and MD clarified the structural mechanism behind phenol/α-SOH antagonistic behavior in α-Glu inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Jiangsu Hengshun Group Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Xuhao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhikun Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiyong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Maurizio Battino
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinyue Deng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bolin Shi
- Food and Agriculture Standardization Institute, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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18
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Dai X, Kiuchi T, Zhou Y, Jia S, Xu Y, Katsuma S, Shimada T, Wang H. Horizontal Gene Transfer and Gene Duplication of β-Fructofuranosidase Confer Lepidopteran Insects Metabolic Benefits. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:2897-2914. [PMID: 33739418 PMCID: PMC8233494 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a potentially critical source of material for ecological adaptation and the evolution of novel genetic traits. However, reports on posttransfer duplication in organism genomes are lacking, and the evolutionary advantages conferred on the recipient are generally poorly understood. Sucrase plays an important role in insect physiological growth and development. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of insect β-fructofuranosidase transferred from bacteria via HGT. We found that posttransfer duplications of β-fructofuranosidase were widespread in Lepidoptera and sporadic occurrences of β-fructofuranosidase were found in Coleoptera and Hymenoptera. β-fructofuranosidase genes often undergo modifications, such as gene duplication, differential gene loss, and changes in mutation rates. Lepidopteran β-fructofuranosidase gene (SUC) clusters showed marked divergence in gene expression patterns and enzymatic properties in Bombyx mori (moth) and Papilio xuthus (butterfly). We generated SUC1 mutations in B. mori using CRISPR/Cas9 to thoroughly examine the physiological function of SUC. BmSUC1 mutant larvae were viable but displayed delayed growth and reduced sucrase activities that included susceptibility to the sugar mimic alkaloid found in high concentrations in mulberry. BmSUC1 served as a critical sucrase and supported metabolic homeostasis in the larval midgut and silk gland, suggesting that gene transfer of β-fructofuranosidase enhanced the digestive and metabolic adaptation of lepidopteran insects. These findings highlight not only the universal function of β-fructofuranosidase with a link to the maintenance of carbohydrate metabolism but also an underexplored function in the silk gland. This study expands our knowledge of posttransfer duplication and subsequent functional diversification in the adaptive evolution and lineage-specific adaptation of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Laboratory of Insect Genetics and Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shunze Jia
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susumu Katsuma
- Laboratory of Insect Genetics and Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Shimada
- Laboratory of Insect Genetics and Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huabing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Li Y, Liu X, Zhou H, Li B, Mazurenko IK. Inhibitory Mechanism of Engeletin Against α-Glucosidase. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20986723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory mechanism of engeletin against α-glucosidase was investigated for the first time by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking. The results showed that engeletin could inhibit α-glucosidase in a noncompetitive inhibition mode with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 48.5 ± 6.0 µg/mL (0.11 ± 0.014 mmol/L). It was found that engeletin could cause static fluorescence quenching of α-glucosidase by forming a complex with α-glucosidase. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the combination of engeletin and α-glucosidase was driven by hydrophobic force. The molecular docking results confirmed that some amino acid residues of α-glucosidase (Trp391, Arg428, Glu429, Gly566, Trp710, Glu771) could interact with engeletin by hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Li
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P. R. China
- Department of Food Technology, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Zhou
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P. R. China
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20
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Husein DM, Rizk S, Naim HY. Differential Effects of Sucrase-Isomaltase Mutants on Its Trafficking and Function in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Similarities to Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010009. [PMID: 33375084 PMCID: PMC7822125 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is a rare metabolic intestinal disorder with reduced or absent activity levels of sucrase-isomaltase (SI). Interestingly, the main symptoms of CSID overlap with those in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder with unknown etiology. Recent advances in genetic screening of IBS patients have revealed rare SI gene variants that are associated with IBS. Here, we investigated the biochemical, cellular and functional phenotypes of several of these variants. The data demonstrate that the SI mutants can be categorized into three groups including immature, mature but slowly transported, and finally mature and properly transported but with reduced enzymatic activity. We also identified SI mutant phenotypes that are deficient but generally not as severe as those characterized in CSID patients. The variable effects on the trafficking and function of the mutations analyzed in this study support the view that both CSID and IBS are heterogeneous disorders, the severity of which is likely related to the biochemical phenotypes of the SI mutants as well as the environment and diet of patients. Our study underlines the necessity to screen for SI mutations in IBS patients and to consider enzyme replacement therapy as an appropriate therapy as in CSID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diab M. Husein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Sandra Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon;
| | - Hassan Y. Naim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8780
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21
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Shim YE, Lee ES, Hong MG, Kim DK, Lee BH. Highly branched α-limit dextrins attenuate the glycemic response and stimulate the secretion of satiety hormone peptide YY. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Jung D, Tran PL, Yim CS, Park EJ, Yeom SJ, Jung HG, Nguyen TTH, Kim D, Park JT. Structural and functional characteristics of clustered amylopectin produced by glycogen branching enzymes having different branching properties. Food Chem 2020; 311:125972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Slade L, Kweon M, Levine H. Exploration of the functionality of sugars in cake-baking, and effects on cake quality. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:283-311. [PMID: 32090597 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1729694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review paper describes our exploratory experimental studies on the functionality of sucrose and other sugars in cake-baking, and effects on cake quality. We have used the American Association of Cereal Chemists Method 10-90.01 as a base cake-baking method, and have applied Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Rapid Visco-Analyzer, and time-lapse photography analyses in experimental design studies of the effects of the following ingredient and formulation variables on cake quality (e.g. texture, color, moisture content) and other finished-product properties (e.g. shape, dimensions): (a) cake formula levels of sucrose and water, in terms of %Sucrose and Total Solvent; (b) concentration of sucrose or other sugars (e.g. xylose, ribose, fructose, glucose, maltose, polydextrose) vs. wheat flour starch gelatinization temperature and starch pasting during baking and gluten development during mixing; (c) unchlorinated flour vs. chlorinated flours (of varying pH); (d) cake formula %Sucrose and TS vs. cake color, shape, and dimensions; (e) cakes formulated with sucrose or other sugars (i.e. xylose, fructose, glucose), and variable %S and TS, and unchlorinated or chlorinated flour (pH 4.6), vs. cake color, shape, and dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Slade
- Food Polymer Science Consultancy, Morris Plains, New Jersey, USA
| | - Meera Kweon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Harry Levine
- Food Polymer Science Consultancy, Morris Plains, New Jersey, USA
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24
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Li P, Huang Z, She Y, Qin S, Gao W, Cao Y, Liu X. An assessment of the interaction for three Chrysanthemum indicum flavonoids and α-amylase by surface plasmon resonance. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:620-628. [PMID: 31993185 PMCID: PMC6977516 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the interaction of Chrysanthemum indicum (CI) flavonoids (luteolin, acacetin, and buddleoside) with α-amylase. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay showed their equilibrium dissociation constants (KD ) are 1.9695 ± 0.12, 2.9240 ± 0.20, and 3.2966 ± 0.08 mM at pH 6.0, respectively. Furthermore, their binding affinities were influenced by KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2. Enzymatic kinetic studies revealed that three flavonoids exhibited noncompetitive α-amylase inhibitory activity. The inhibitory sequence is luteolin > acacetin > buddleoside, which was in accordance with the results of binding affinity from SPR. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical assay demonstrated that antioxidant activities of three flavonoids were inhibited significantly with α-amylase. Meanwhile, the study reveals that hydroxyl on C'-4, C'-5, and C-7 of flavonoids play an important role on the interaction of three flavonoids with α-amylase. Also, SPR could be used as sensor for rapid screening inhibitors of α-amylase and provide useful information for the application of C. indicum flavonoids in food and pharmaceutical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhao Huang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yin She
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Si Qin
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Co‐Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional IngredientsChangshaChina
| | - Wanru Gao
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yanan Cao
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Co‐Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional IngredientsChangshaChina
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25
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Heterozygotes Are a Potential New Entity among Homozygotes and Compound Heterozygotes in Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102290. [PMID: 31557950 PMCID: PMC6835860 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is an autosomal recessive disorder of carbohydrate maldigestion and malabsorption caused by mutations in the sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene. SI, together with maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), belongs to the enzyme family of disaccharidases required for breakdown of α-glycosidic linkages in the small intestine. The effects of homozygote and compound heterozygote inheritance trait of SI mutations in CSID patients have been well described in former studies. Here we propose the inclusion of heterozygote mutation carriers as a new entity in CSID, possibly presenting with milder symptoms. The hypothesis is supported by recent observations of heterozygote mutation carriers among patients suffering from CSID or patients diagnosed with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Recent studies implicate significant phenotypic heterogeneity depending on the character of the mutation and call for more research regarding the correlation of genetics, function at the cellular and molecular level and clinical presentation. The increased importance of SI gene variants in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or other functional gastrointestinal disorders FGIDs and their available symptom relief diets like fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols FODMAPs suggest that the heterozygote mutants may affect the disease development and treatment.
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26
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Park J, Park JE, Seo YW, Han JS. 5,7-Dimethoxy-3-(2'-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone inhibits α-glucosidase in vitro and alleviates postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 863:172683. [PMID: 31550448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory activities of 5,7-dimethoxy-3-(2'hydro-xybenzyl)-4-chromanone (5,7-D chromanone) isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. on carbohydrate digesting enzymes and its ability to improve postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. 5,7-D chromanone strongly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50; 15.03 ± 2.59 μM and 12.39 ± 2.16 μM, respectively). The inhibitions were more effective than acarbose, which was the positive control. The increase in blood glucose level after ingesting starch was more significantly alleviated in the 5,7-D chromanone ingested group than in the control group of diabetic mice. In the control group, blood glucose levels were 24.64 ± 1.73, 27.22 ± 1.58, and 26.37 ± 1.41 mM, and in the 5,7-D chromanone ingested group were 23.87 ± 1.10, 23.38 ± 1.32, and 21.42 ± 1.36 mM at 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively. In addition, the area under the curve of blood glucose significantly declined with 5,7-D chromanone ingestion in diabetic mice. The results indicate that 5,7-D chromanone can help lower postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate digesting enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Chaudet MM, Amiri M, Marth N, Naim HY, Rose DR. Phylogenetic analysis reveals key residues in substrate hydrolysis in the isomaltase domain of sucrase-isomaltase and its role in starch digestion. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1410-1416. [PMID: 31254546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starch constitutes one of the main sources of nutrition in the human diet and is broken down through a number of stages of digestion. Small intestinal breakdown of starch-derived substrates occurs through the mechanisms of small intestinal brush border enzymes, maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase. These enzymes each contain two functional enzymatic domains, and though they share sequence and structural similarities due to their evolutionary conservation, they demonstrate distinct substrate preferences and catalytic efficiency. The N-terminal isomaltase domain of sucrase-isomaltase has a unique ability to actively hydrolyze isomaltose substrates in contrast to the sucrase, maltase and glucoamylase enzymes. METHODS Through phylogenetic analysis, structural comparisons and mutagenesis, we were able to identify specific residues that play a role in the distinct substrate preference. Mutational analysis and comparison with wild-type activity provide evidence that this role is mediated in part by affecting interactions between the sucrase and isomaltase domains in the intact molecule. RESULTS The sequence analysis revealed three residues proposed to play key roles in isomaltase specificity. Mutational analysis provided evidence that these residues in isomaltase can also affect activity in the partner sucrase domain, suggesting a close interaction between the domains. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The sucrase and isomaltase domains are closely interacting in the mature protein. The activity of each is affected by the presence of the other. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE There has been little experimental evidence previously of the effects on activity of interactions between the sucrase-isomaltase enzyme domains. By extension, similar interactions might be expected in the other intestinal α-glucosidase, maltase-glucoamylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M Chaudet
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nathalie Marth
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - David R Rose
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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28
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Lim J, Kim DK, Shin H, Hamaker BR, Lee BH. Different inhibition properties of catechins on the individual subunits of mucosal α-glucosidases as measured by partially-purified rat intestinal extract. Food Funct 2019; 10:4407-4413. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00990f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal α-glucosidases from rat intestinal powder were employed, with a step to remove α-amylase, to measure the possibility of different inhibition of catechins, particularly those found in tea, on the four α-glucosidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbin Lim
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science
- Purdue University
- USA
| | - Do Kyoung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology
- College of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam 13120
- South Korea
| | - Hansol Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology
- College of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam 13120
- South Korea
| | - Bruce R. Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science
- Purdue University
- USA
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology
- College of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam 13120
- South Korea
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29
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Gangoiti J, Corwin SF, Lamothe LM, Vafiadi C, Hamaker BR, Dijkhuizen L. Synthesis of novel α-glucans with potential health benefits through controlled glucose release in the human gastrointestinal tract. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:123-146. [PMID: 30525940 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1516621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The glycemic carbohydrates we consume are currently viewed in an unfavorable light in both the consumer and medical research worlds. In significant part, these carbohydrates, mainly starch and sucrose, are looked upon negatively due to their rapid and abrupt glucose delivery to the body which causes a high glycemic response. However, dietary carbohydrates which are digested and release glucose in a slow manner are recognized as providing health benefits. Slow digestion of glycemic carbohydrates can be caused by several factors, including food matrix effect which impedes α-amylase access to substrate, or partial inhibition by plant secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds. Differences in digestion rate of these carbohydrates may also be due to their specific structures (e.g. variations in degree of branching and/or glycosidic linkages present). In recent years, much has been learned about the synthesis and digestion kinetics of novel α-glucans (i.e. small oligosaccharides or larger polysaccharides based on glucose units linked in different positions by α-bonds). It is the synthesis and digestion of such structures that is the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Gangoiti
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah F Corwin
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lisa M Lamothe
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lubbert Dijkhuizen
- Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Yan PC, Wen CW, Zhang SZ, Zhang ZD, Xu JP, Deng MJ. A toxicological, metabonomic and transcriptional analysis to investigate the property of mulberry 1-deoxynojirimycin against the growth of Samia cynthia ricini. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 152:45-54. [PMID: 30497710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) is a natural d-glucose analogue from mulberry with promising physiological activity in vivo. Up to the present, the antidiabetic effects of DNJ on lowering blood sugar and accelerating lipid metabolism in mammals were broadly reported, but the specific character of DNJ against insects was vastly ignored. In this study, a toxicological test of DNJ againgst eri-silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini was carried out to investigate the potential of DNJ in insect management. Further, a method of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics and real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) were performed to analyze the alteration in midgut of eri-silkworm caused by DNJ. The result of toxicology showed that 5% and 10% DNJ could significantly inhibit the development of third-instar larvae on day 1-5, and mass deaths happened in DNJ groups on day 3-5. The quantitative analysis of 1H NMR in fifth-instar larvae showed that trehalose level increased in midgut of 0, 6 and 12 h DNJ groups, while the concentrations of glucose, lactate, alanine, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and fumarate were reduced in varying degrees. Meanwhile, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that there were significant differences in the metabolic profiles among 12 h DNJ groups and the control group. In addition, RT-qPCR results displayed that four genes coding α-glucosidase, trehalase (THL) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were lowered in expression of 12 h DNJ groups. Simultaneously, THL activity was significantly lowerd in 12 h DNJ groups. These mutually corroborated results indicated that the backbone pathways of energy metabolism, including hydrolysis of trehalose and glycogens, glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly inhibited by DNJ. Thus, the specific mechanism of DNJ efficiently suppressing the growth and energy metabolism of eri-silkworm was explored in this study, providing the potential of DNJ as to the production of botanical insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao-Wei Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-da Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China.
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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31
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Structural Studies of the Intestinal α-Glucosidases, Maltase-glucoamylase and Sucrase-isomaltase. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018; 66 Suppl 3:S11-S13. [PMID: 29762369 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase are enzymes in the brush-border membrane of the small intestinal lumen responsible for the breakdown of postamylase starch polysaccharides to release monomeric glucose. As such, they are critical players in healthy nutrition and their malfunction can lead to severe disorders. METHODS This review covers investigations of the structures and functions of these enzymes. RESULTS Each consists of 2 enzyme domains of the glycoside hydrolase family GH31 classification, yet with somewhat differing enzymatic properties. CONCLUSIONS Crystallographic structures of 3 of the domains have been published. Insights into substrate binding and specificity will be discussed, along with future lines of inquiry related to the enzymes' roles in disease and potential avenues for therapeutics.
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32
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Gan Q, Zhang X, Zhang D, Shi L, Zhou Y, Sun T, Jiang S, Gao J, Meng Y. BmSUC1 is essential for glycometabolism modulation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:543-553. [PMID: 29660529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is the most commonly transported sugar in plants and is easily assimilated by insects to fulfill the requirement of physiological metabolism. BmSuc1 is a novel animal β-fructofuranosidase (β-FFase, EC 3.2.1.26)-encoding gene that was firstly cloned and identified in silkworm, Bombyx mori. BmSUC1 was presumed to play an important role in the silkworm-mulberry enzymatic adaptation system by effectively hydrolyzing sucrose absorbed from mulberry leaves. However, this has not been proved with direct evidence thus far. In this study, we investigated sucrose hydrolysis activity in the larval midgut of B. mori by inhibition tests and found that sucrase activity mainly stemmed from β-FFase, not α-glucosidase. Next, we performed shRNA-mediated transgenic RNAi to analyze the growth characteristics of silkworm larvae and variations in glycometabolism in vivo in transgenic silkworms. The results showed that in the RNAi-BmSuc1 transgenic line, larval development was delayed, and their body size was markedly reduced. Finally, the activity of several disaccharidases alone in the midgut and the sugar distribution, total sugar and glycogen in the midgut, hemolymph and fat body were then determined and compared. Our results demonstrated that silencing BmSuc1 significantly reduced glucose and apparently activated maltase and trehalase in the midgut. Together with a clear decrease in both glycogen and trehalose in the fat body, we conclude that BmSUC1 acts as an essential sucrase by directly modulating the degree of sucrose hydrolysis in the silkworm larval midgut, and insufficient sugar storage in the fat body may be responsible for larval malnutrition and abnormal petite phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Daobo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Tongtong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Song Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Junshan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Yan Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China.
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33
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Zhang A, Han D, Wang Y, Mu H, Zhang T, Yan X, Pang Q. Transcriptomic and proteomic feature of salt stress-regulated network in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) root based on de novo assembly sequencing analysis. PLANTA 2018; 247:715-732. [PMID: 29185033 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome activation and sugar metabolic process mainly act on the regulation of salt tolerance in the bioenergy crop Helianthus tuberosus L. as dissected by integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Helianthus tuberosus L. is an important halophyte plant that can survive in saline-alkali soil. It is vitally necessary to build an available genomic resource to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in H. tuberosus. De novo assembly and annotation of transcriptomes were built for H. tuberosus using a HiSeq 4000 platform. 293,823 transcripts were identified and annotated into 190,567 unigenes. In addition, iTRAQ-labeled quantitative proteomics was carried out to detect global protein profiling as a response to salt stress. Comparative omics analysis showed that 5432 genes and 43 proteins were differentially expressed in H. tuberosus under salt stress, which were enriched in the following processes: carbohydrate metabolism, ribosome activation and translation, oxidation-reduction and ion binding. The reprogramming of transcript and protein works suggested that the induced activity of ribosome and sugar signaling may endue H. tuberosus with salt tolerance. With high-quality sequencing and annotation, the obtained transcriptomics and proteomics provide a robust genomic resource for dissecting the regulatory molecular mechanism of H. tuberosus in response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Zhang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Dongming Han
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Huifang Mu
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qiuying Pang
- Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center, Northeast Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Potato phenolics impact starch digestion and glucose transport in model systems but translation to phenolic rich potato chips results in only modest modification of glycemic response in humans. Nutr Res 2018. [PMID: 29525611 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial effects of some phenolic compounds in modulation of carbohydrate digestion and glycemic response have been reported, however effects of phenolics from processed potato products on these endpoints are not well known. The aims of this study were to characterize phenolic profiles of fresh potatoes (purple, red, or white fleshed; 2 varieties each) and chips, and to examine the potential for potato phenolic extracts (PPE) to modulate starch digestion and intestinal glucose transport in model systems. Following in vitro assessment, a pilot clinical study (n=11) assessed differences in glycemic response and gastric emptying between chips from pigmented and white potatoes. We hypothesized that phenolics from pigmented potato chips would be recovered through processing and result in a reduced acute glycemic response in humans relative to chips made from white potatoes. PPEs were rich in anthocyanins (~98, 11 and ND mg/100 g dw) and chlorogenic acids (~519, 425 and 157 mg/100 g dw) for purple, red and white varieties respectively. While no significant effects were observed on starch digestion by α-amylase and the α-glucosidases, PPEs significantly (p<0.05) decreased the rate of glucose transport, measured following transport of 1,2,3,4,5,6,6-d7 -glucose (d7-glu) across Caco-2 human intestinal cell monolayers, by 4.5-83.9%. Consistent with in vitro results, consumption of purple potato chips modestly but significantly (p<0.05) decreased blood glucose at 30 and 60 minutes post consumption compared to white chips without impacting gastric emptying. These results suggest that potato phenolics may play a modest role in modulation of glycemic response and these effects may result in subtle differences between consumer products.
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35
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Improved Starch Digestion of Sucrase-deficient Shrews Treated With Oral Glucoamylase Enzyme Supplements. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 65:e35-e42. [PMID: 28267073 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although named because of its sucrose hydrolytic activity, this mucosal enzyme plays a leading role in starch digestion because of its maltase and glucoamylase activities. Sucrase-deficient mutant shrews, Suncus murinus, were used as a model to investigate starch digestion in patients with congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.Starch digestion is much more complex than sucrose digestion. Six enzyme activities, 2 α-amylases (Amy), and 4 mucosal α-glucosidases (maltases), including maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam) and sucrase-isomaltase (Si) subunit activities, are needed to digest starch to absorbable free glucose. Amy breaks down insoluble starch to soluble dextrins; mucosal Mgam and Si can either directly digest starch to glucose or convert the post-α-amylolytic dextrins to glucose. Starch digestion is reduced because of sucrase deficiency and oral glucoamylase enzyme supplement can correct the starch maldigestion. The aim of the present study was to measure glucogenesis in suc/suc shrews after feeding of starch and improvement of glucogenesis by oral glucoamylase supplements. METHODS Sucrase mutant (suc/suc) and heterozygous (+/suc) shrews were fed with C-enriched starch diets. Glucogenesis derived from starch was measured as blood C-glucose enrichment and oral recombinant C-terminal Mgam glucoamylase (M20) was supplemented to improve starch digestion. RESULTS After feedings, suc/suc and +/suc shrews had different starch digestions as shown by blood glucose enrichment and the suc/suc had lower total glucose concentrations. Oral supplements of glucoamylase increased suc/suc total blood glucose and quantitative starch digestion to glucose. CONCLUSIONS Sucrase deficiency, in this model of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency, reduces blood glucose response to starch feeding. Supplementing the diet with oral recombinant glucoamylase significantly improved starch digestion in the sucrase-deficient shrew.
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Magallanes-Cruz PA, Flores-Silva PC, Bello-Perez LA. Starch Structure Influences Its Digestibility: A Review. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2016-2023. [PMID: 28753728 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, it was found that a significant fraction of the starch present in foods is not digested in the small intestine and continues to the large intestine, where it is fermented by the microbiota; this fraction was named resistant starch (RS). It was also reported that there is a fraction of starch that is slowly digested, sustaining a release of glucose in the small intestine. Later, health benefits were found to be associated with the consumption of this fraction, called slowly digestible starch (SDS). The authors declare both fractions to be "nutraceutical starch." An overview of the structure of both fractions (RS and SDS), as well as their nutraceutical characteristics, is presented with the objective of suggesting methods and processes that will increase both fractions in starchy foods and prevent diseases that are associated with the consumption of glycemic carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla A Magallanes-Cruz
- Inst. Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI. Km. 6.6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla Col. San Isidro, 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Pamela C Flores-Silva
- Inst. Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI. Km. 6.6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla Col. San Isidro, 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Luis A Bello-Perez
- Inst. Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI. Km. 6.6 Carr. Yautepec-Jojutla Col. San Isidro, 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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Liu Z, Ma S. Recent Advances in Synthetic α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:819-829. [PMID: 28498640 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; 44 West Culture Road Jinan 250012 P.R. China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; 44 West Culture Road Jinan 250012 P.R. China
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Perin D, Murano E. Starch Polysaccharides in the Human Diet: Effect of the Different Source and Processing on its Absorption. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch is the main source of carbohydrates in human diet. It is widely used in food processing and non-food industrial applications. The effects on starch digestion and absorption in humans are reviewed in relation to the starch composition, sources, plant genetic variation, food processing and cooking. The impact of food industrial processing and starch modification on the digestibility of starch containing foods and on gut microbiota are discussed. Considering that the resistant starch (RS) fraction escaped from the small intestine is fermented in large intestine, all the variables that influence starch digestibility and absorption must be taken into account when discussing about healthy properties of fibers. Future trends in food industries are aimed to increase the RS fraction in processed foods in order to improve nutritional quality as well as to clarify the influence of RS3 and RS4 on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Perin
- Protos Research Institute, 34128, Trieste, Italy
| | - Erminio Murano
- Protos Research Institute, 34128, Trieste, Italy
- Nealys srl, Via Flavia 23/1, 34148 Trieste, Italy
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Hwang SW, Lee HY, Cha JY, Kim BR, Park M, Lee BR, Moon KH, Lee JH, Kim DG, Kim W, Jeong KO, Lee YM. Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition Activity against α-Glucosidase and PTP1B of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Extract and Fractions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17495/easdl.2017.4.27.2.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee BH, Hamaker BR. Number of branch points in α-limit dextrins impact glucose generation rates by mammalian mucosal α-glucosidases. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:207-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bagri P, Chester K, Khan W, Ahmad S. Aspects of extraction and biological evaluation of naturally occurring sugar-mimicking sulfonium-ion and their synthetic analogues as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors from Salacia: a review. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the selective inhibitory activities of sulfonium compounds ofSalaciaagainst intestinal α-glucosidases, structural features important for effective inhibition and the toggling approach for controlling starch digestion and glucose release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bagri
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
| | | | - Washim Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
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Simsek M, Quezada-Calvillo R, Nichols BL, Hamaker BR. Phenolic compounds increase the transcription of mouse intestinal maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase. Food Funct 2017; 8:1915-1924. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Choi SI, Park MH, Han JS. Gynura procumbens Extract Alleviates Postprandial Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2016; 21:181-186. [PMID: 27752493 PMCID: PMC5063202 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2016.21.3.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Gynura procumbens extract against carbohydrate digesting enzymes and its ability to ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. G. procumbens extract showed prominent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effects. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of G. procumbens extract against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was 0.092±0.018 and 0.084±0.027 mg/mL, respectively, suggesting that the α-amylase inhibition activity of the G. procumbens extract was more effective than that of the positive control, acarbose (IC50=0.164 mg/mL). The increase in postprandial blood glucose levels was more significantly alleviated in the G. procumbens extract group than in the control group of STZ-induced diabetic mice. Moreover, the area under the curve significantly decreased with G. procumbens extract administration in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results suggest that G. procumbens extract may help alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrate digesting enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-In Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Concord and Niagara Grape Juice and Their Phenolics Modify Intestinal Glucose Transport in a Coupled in Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Human Intestinal Model. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070414. [PMID: 27399765 PMCID: PMC4963890 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While the potential of dietary phenolics to mitigate glycemic response has been proposed, the translation of these effects to phenolic rich foods such as 100% grape juice (GJ) remains unclear. Initial in vitro screening of GJ phenolic extracts from American grape varieties (V. labrusca; Niagara and Concord) suggested limited inhibitory capacity for amylase and α-glucosidase (6.2%-11.5% inhibition; p < 0.05). Separately, all GJ extracts (10-100 µM total phenolics) did reduce intestinal trans-epithelial transport of deuterated glucose (d7-glu) and fructose (d7-fru) by Caco-2 monolayers in a dose-dependent fashion, with 60 min d7-glu/d7-fru transport reduced 10%-38% by GJ extracts compared to control. To expand on these findings by assessing the ability of 100% GJ to modify starch digestion and glucose transport from a model starch-rich meal, 100% Niagara and Concord GJ samples were combined with a starch rich model meal (1:1 and 1:2 wt:wt) and glucose release and transport were assessed in a coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. Digestive release of glucose from the starch model meal was decreased when digested in the presence of GJs (5.9%-15% relative to sugar matched control). Furthermore, transport of d7-glu was reduced 10%-38% by digesta containing bioaccessible phenolics from Concord and Niagara GJ compared to control. These data suggest that phenolics present in 100% GJ may alter absorption of monosaccharides naturally present in 100% GJ and may potentially alter glycemic response if consumed with a starch rich meal.
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Bourebaba L, Saci S, Touguit D, Gali L, Terkmane S, Oukil N, Bedjou F. Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of total calystegines extracted from Hyoscyamus albus. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:337-44. [PMID: 27470371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyoscyamus albus L. (Solanaceae) an old medicinal plant is a rich source of tropane and nortropane alkaloids which confers to this plant a number of very interesting and beneficial therapeutic effects. PURPOSE Calystegines that are polyhydroxylated alkaloids and imino-sugars poccess significant glycosidases inhibitory activities and are therefore good candidats for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. STUDY DESIGN Calystegines extracted from Hyoscyamys albus seeds were tested for teir acute oral toxicity and investigated for their in-vivo antidiabetic effect on Streptozotocine induced diabetes in mice. METHODES Calystegines were extracted from the seeds plant using an Ion exchange column; the remaining extract was then administrated orally to mice at several single doses for acute toxicity assay. A dose of 130mg/kg streptozotocine was injected to mice to induce diabetes mellitus, and diabetic mice were treated orally during 20days with 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg calystegines and 20mg/kg glibenclamide as the reference drug. RESULTS Acute oral toxicity showed that calystegines are not toxic up to a dose of 2000mg/kg with absence of any signs of intoxication and damages in Liver and kidney tissues. The nortropane alkaloids markedly reduced blood glucose levels and lipid parameters of diabetic mice to normal concentrations after 20days of treatment at 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg (p<0.05). Histopathological study of diabetic mice pancreas indicated that calystegines of Hyoscyamus albus have minimized streptozotocine damages on β-cells of islets of langerhans, stimulated β-cells regeneration and improved with this insulin secretion. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that calystegines are potent antidiabetic agents with antihyperglicemic and hypolipidemic effects, and a protective fonction on pancreas in streptozotocin induced diabetes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie.
| | - Souaad Saci
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Damia Touguit
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Lynda Gali
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Schahinez Terkmane
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Naima Oukil
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Fatiha Bedjou
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie végétale et d'Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algérie
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Ibrahim MA, Yunusa I, Kabir N, Ali Baba S, Yushau AM, Ibrahim SS, Bello ZI, Suleiman SH, Isah MB. In vivo maltase and sucrase inhibitory activities of five underutilized Nigerian edible fruits. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-160057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isa Yunusa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria
| | - Nafisa Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Shazali Ali Baba
- Department of Biochemistry, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria
| | - Amina Muhammad Yushau
- Department of Biochemistry, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria
| | - Suraj Suraj Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Nigeria
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Chaudet MM, Rose DR. Divergent evolution for diverse substrate recognition by family 31 glycoside hydrolases. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:323-30. [PMID: 27459002 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates make up an important component of our diet, contributing a significant portion to our total caloric intake. The ability to harvest these molecules for energy is reliant on the activity of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Family 31 α-glucosidases are a group of glycoside hydrolases that has been shown to play a key role in the metabolic process of hydrolyzing dietary starch into monomers of glucose. The purpose of the research presented here is to explore evolutionary changes that occurred within this family of glycoside hydrolases, and to relate these divergences to observed structural differences in relation to predicted substrate preferences. Here we report specific single amino acid changes that are believed to have arisen through evolution, and are directly related to the ability of these enzymes to bind different starch-based glycans. Through phylogenetic analysis we observed a number of evolutionary adaptions that we believe resulted in duplicated genes that allow for the efficient utilization of dietary starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Chaudet
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - D R Rose
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Enzymatic synthesis of 2-deoxyglucose-containing maltooligosaccharides for tracing the location of glucose absorption from starch digestion. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Modeling of cooked starch digestion process using recombinant human pancreatic α-amylase and maltase-glucoamylase for in vitro evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res 2015; 414:15-21. [PMID: 26162745 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In human, digestion of cooked starch mainly involves breaking down of α-amylase to α-limit dextrins and small linear malto-oligosaccharides, which are in turn hydrolyzed to glucose by the gut mucosal maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM). Human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA), amino- and carboxyl-terminal portions of MGAM (ntMGAM and ctMGAM) catalyze the hydrolysis of α-D-(1,4) glycosidic linkages in starch, playing a crucial role in the production of glucose in the human lumen. Accordingly, these enzymes are effective drug targets for the treatments of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this study, a Plackett-Burman based statistical screening procedure was adopted to determine the most critical factors affecting cooked starch digestion by the combination of HPA, ctMGAM and ntMGAM. Six factors were tested and experimental results showed that pH and temperature were the major influencing factors, with optimal pH and temperature at 6.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Surprisingly, ntMGAM had no significant contribution to the glucose production from starch digestion compared to the HPA and ctMGAM. The optimal proportion of HPA and ctMGAM in a starch digestion system was further determined by response surface methodology. Results showed a maximum starch digestion (88.05%) within 0.5 h when used HPA:ctMGAM=1:9 (U). The inhibitory effects of various inhibitors on the cooked starch digestion by HPA1/ctMGAM9 were evaluated by determining their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Acarviostatin II03 showed the highest inhibitory activity, with 67 times higher potency than acarbose. Moreover, acarviostatin II03 could significantly depress postprandial blood glucose levels in mice, better than that by acarbose. These findings suggest that our in vitro enzymatic system can simulate in vivo starch digestion process, and thus can be used to screen and evaluate α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Roskar I, Molek P, Vodnik M, Stempelj M, Strukelj B, Lunder M. Peptide modulators of alpha-glucosidase. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 6:625-31. [PMID: 26543535 PMCID: PMC4627538 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Acute glucose fluctuations during the postprandial period pose great risk for cardiovascular complications and thus represent an important therapeutic approach in type 2 diabetes. In the present study, screening of peptide libraries was used to select peptides with an affinity towards mammalian intestinal alpha-glucosidase as potential leads in antidiabetic agent development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three phage-displayed peptide libraries were used in independent selections with different elution strategies to isolate target-binding peptides. Selected peptides displayed on phage were tested to compete for an enzyme-binding site with known competitive inhibitors, acarbose and voglibose. The four best performing peptides were synthesized. Their binding to the mammalian alpha-glucosidase and their effect on enzyme activity were evaluated. RESULTS Two linear and two cyclic heptapeptides with high affinity towards intestinal alpha-glucosidase were selected. Phage-displayed as well as synthetic peptides bind into or to the vicinity of the active site on the enzyme. Both cyclic peptides inhibited enzyme activity, whereas both linear peptides increased enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS Although natural substrates of glycosidase are polysaccharides, in the present study we successfully isolated novel peptide modulators of alpha-glucosidase. Modulatory activity of selected peptides could be further optimized through peptidomimetic design. They represent promising leads for development of efficient alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Roskar
- Entrapharm d.o.o., University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Molek
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Vodnik
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Stempelj
- Entrapharm d.o.o., University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Strukelj
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Lunder
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
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