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Bauvois B, Nguyen-Khac F, Merle-Béral H, Susin SA. CD38/NAD + glycohydrolase and associated antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: from interconnected signalling pathways to therapeutic strategies. Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00165-2. [PMID: 39009062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a heterogenous disease characterized by the accumulation of neoplastic CD5+/CD19+ B lymphocytes. The spreading of the leukaemia relies on the CLL cell's ability to survive in the blood and migrate to and proliferate within the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. Some patients with CLL are either refractory to the currently available therapies or relapse after treatment; this emphasizes the need for novel therapeutic strategies that improving clinical responses and overcome drug resistance. CD38 is a marker of a poor prognosis and governs a set of survival, proliferation and migration signals that contribute to the pathophysiology of CLL. The literature data evidence a spatiotemporal association between the cell surface expression of CD38 and that of other CLL antigens, such as the B-cell receptor (BCR), CD19, CD26, CD44, the integrin very late antigen 4 (VLA4), the chemokine receptor CXCR4, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGF-R2), and the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin receptor (NGAL-R). Most of these proteins contribute to CLL cell survival, proliferation and trafficking, and cooperate with CD38 in multilayered signal transduction processes. In general, these antigens have already been validated as therapeutic targets in cancer, and a broad repertoire of specific monoclonal antibodies and derivatives are available. Here, we review the state of the art in this field and examine the therapeutic opportunities for cotargeting CD38 and its partners in CLL, e.g. by designing novel bi-/trispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Florence Nguyen-Khac
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Hélène Merle-Béral
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Santos A Susin
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMRS1138, Drug Resistance in Hematological Malignancies Team, F-75006 Paris, France.
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Cyclic peptides as an inhibitor of metastasis in breast cancer targeting MMP-1: Computational approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Structure-based molecular insights into matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors in cancer treatments. Future Med Chem 2021; 14:35-51. [PMID: 34779649 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease inhibitors are of considerable interest as anticancer agents. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were the earliest type of proteases considered as anticancer targets. The developments of MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) by pharmaceutical companies can be dated from the early 1980s. Thus far, none of the over 50 MMPIs entering clinical trials have been approved. This work summarizes the reported studies on the structure of MMPs and complexes with ligands and inhibitors, based on which, the authors analyzed the clinical failures of MMPIs in a structural biological manner. Furthermore, MMPs were systematically compared with urokinase, a protease-generating plasmin, which plays similar pathological roles in cancer development; the reasons for the clinical successes of urokinase inhibitors and the clinical failures of MMPIs are discussed.
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Luo H, Zhai L, Qiu W, Liang H, Yu L, Li Y, Xiong M, Guo J, Tang H. p16 loss facilitate hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells through promoting cell proliferation and accelerating the cell cycle progression. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1591-1599. [PMID: 33932074 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The p16INK4A is a multifunction gene that includes regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence and tumor development. However, the effects of p16 in hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore whether p16 loss facilitate malignant transformation in TK6 cells. The results demonstrated that p16/Rb signal pathway was suppressed in hydroquinone-induced malignant transformation of TK6 cells. We further confirmed that p16 loss stimulated cell proliferation, and accelerated cell cycle progression in vitro and in vivo. The immunoblotting analysis indicated that p16 regulated cell cycle progression via Rb and p53. Therefore, we conclude that p16 is involved in HQ-induced malignant transformation associated with suppressing Rb and p53 which resulting in accelerating the cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Weifeng Qiu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hairong Liang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Mengyun Xiong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaying Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Das S, Amin SA, Jha T. Inhibitors of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) for the management of hematological malignancies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113623. [PMID: 34157437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are collectively known as gelatinases whereas MMP-2 is gelatinase-A and MMP-9 is termed as gelatinase-B. Gelatinases and other matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have long been associated with solid tumor invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. However, there is paucity of data available regarding the role of gelatinases in hematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that gelatinases activities or functions are correlated with hematological malignancies. Strategies for designing more specific gelatinase inhibitors like catalytic (CAT) domain inhibitors and hemopexin (PEX) domain inhibitors as well as signaling pathway based or gelatinase expression inhibitors had been reported against hematologic malignant cells. Several substrate based non-selective to non-substrate based relatively selective synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs) had been developed. Few MMPIs had reached in clinical trials during the period of 1990s-2000s. Unfortunately the anti-tumor and anti-metastatic efficacies of these MMPIs were not justified with patients having several advanced stage solid tumor cancers in any substantial number of clinical trials. Till date not a single MMPI passed phase III clinical trials designed for advanced metastatic cancers due to adverse events as well as lack of ability to show uniformity in disease prolongation. With the best of our knowledge no clinical trial study has been reported with small molecule synthetic inhibitors against hematological malignancies. This review looks at the outcome of clinical trials of MMPIs for advanced stage solid tumors. This can therefore, act as a learning experience for future development of successful gelatinase inhibitors for the management of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Das
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Sk Abdul Amin
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Tarun Jha
- Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Christina VS, Sundaram RL, Sivamurugan V, Kumar DT, Mohanapriya CD, Shailaja VL, Thyagarajan SP, Doss CGP, Gnanambal KME. Inhibition of MMP2-PEX by a novel ester of dihydroxy cinnamic and linoleic acid from the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11451. [PMID: 34075089 PMCID: PMC8169913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are pivotal for cancer cell migration and metastasis which are generally over-expressed in such cell types. Many drugs targeting MMPs do so by binding to the conserved catalytic domains and thus exhibit poor selectivity due to domain-similarities with other proteases. We report herein the binding of a novel compound [3-(E-3,4-dihydroxycinnamaoyloxyl)-2-hydroxypropyl 9Z, 12Z-octadeca-9, 12-dienoate; Mol. wt: 516.67 Da], (C1), isolated from a seagrass, Cymodocea serrulata to the unconserved hemopexin-like (PEX) domain of MMP2 (- 9.258 kcal/mol). MD simulations for 25 ns, suggest stable ligand-target binding. In addition, C1 killed an ovarian cancer cell line, PA1 at IC50: 5.8 μM (lesser than Doxorubicin: 8.6 µM) and formed micronuclei, apoptotic bodies and nucleoplasmic bridges whilst causing DNA laddering, S and G2/M phase dual arrests and MMP disturbance, suggesting intrinsic apoptosis. The molecule increased mRNA transcripts of BAX and BAD and down-regulated cell survival genes, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, MMP2 and MMP9. The chemical and structural details of C1 were deduced through FT-IR, GC-MS, ESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR [both 1D and 2D] spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Christina
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, SRI RAMACHANDRA Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Deemed to be University (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - R Lakshmi Sundaram
- Central Research Facility (CRF), SRI RAMACHANDRA Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Deemed to be University (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - V Sivamurugan
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 030, India.
| | - D Thirumal Kumar
- Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 078, India
| | - C D Mohanapriya
- Central Research Facility (CRF), SRI RAMACHANDRA Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Deemed to be University (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - V L Shailaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, SRI RAMACHANDRA Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Deemed to be University (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India
| | - S P Thyagarajan
- Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women (Deemed University), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 043, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - K Mary Elizabeth Gnanambal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, SRI RAMACHANDRA Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Deemed to be University (DU), Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 116, India.
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Liu Z, Liu H, Yu D, Gao J, Ruan B, Long R. Downregulation of miR‑29b‑3p promotes α‑tubulin deacetylation by targeting the interaction of matrix metalloproteinase‑9 with integrin β1 in nasal polyps. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:126. [PMID: 33982786 PMCID: PMC8128418 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9 is a key enzyme responsible for extracellular matrix degradation and contributes to the progressive histological changes observed in lower respiratory tract infections. Integrin β1 and α‑tubulin are potential MMP‑9‑interacting proteins, and microRNA (miR)‑29b‑3p can regulate MMP‑9 expression. MMP‑9 is highly expressed in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), regardless of its effects on miR‑29b‑3p, integrin β1 and α‑tubulin expression. In the present study, samples from 100 patients with CRSwNPs were examined via reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR to assess the mRNA expression of miR‑29b‑3p, and western blotting was performed to assess the protein expression of MMP‑2, MMP‑9, acetyl‑α‑tubulin, integrin β1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP‑1). A dual‑luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the direct binding of miR‑29b‑3p and MMP‑2/MMP‑9. Co‑immunoprecipitation (Co‑IP) and GST pull‑down assays showed that integrin β1 and α‑tubulin were MMP‑9‑interacting proteins. Cell viability, apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine levels were determined via a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. miR‑29b‑3p expression was found to be positively correlated with MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 expression. Whereas, TIMP‑1 expression was negatively correlated with MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 expression. The dual‑luciferase assay revealed that miR‑29b‑3p targeted the 3' untranslated region of MMP‑2/MMP‑9. The Co‑IP and GST pull‑down assays showed that MMP‑9 could directly bind to integrin β1 and indirectly bind to α‑tubulin. Finally, the overexpression of miR‑29b‑3p decreased the expression of MMP‑9 and increased the levels of acetyl‑α‑tubulin. By contrast, the knockdown of miR‑29b‑3p increased the expression of MMP‑9 and decreased the levels of acetyl‑α‑tubulin. Additionally, MMP‑9 expression was found to be negatively correlated with acetyl‑α‑tubulin expression. Of note, the expression of integrin β1 did not change following the overexpression and knockdown of MMP‑9. Finally, the overexpression of miR‑29b‑3p not only decreased MMP‑9 expression, but also alleviated lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammation in NP69 cells. The results showed that the downregulation of miR‑29b‑3p promoted α‑tubulin deacetylation by increasing the number of MMP‑9‑integrin β1 complexes in CRSwNPs, thus targeting miR‑29b‑3p/MMP‑9 may be a potential novel strategy for the clinical treatment of CRSwNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, P.R. China
| | - Deshun Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Biao Ruan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Long
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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8
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Gerber A, Goldklang M, Stearns K, Ma X, Xiao R, Zelonina T, D'Armiento J. Attenuation of pulmonary injury by an inhaled MMP inhibitor in the endotoxin lung injury model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L1036-L1047. [PMID: 33026238 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00420.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by pulmonary edema and poor gas exchange resulting from severe inflammatory lung injury. Neutrophilic infiltration and increased pulmonary vascular permeability are hallmarks of early ARDS and precipitate a self-perpetuating cascade of inflammatory signaling. The biochemical processes initiating these events remain unclear. Typically associated with extracellular matrix degradation, recent data suggest matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regulators of pulmonary inflammation. To demonstrate that inhalation of a broad MMP inhibitor attenuates LPS induced pulmonary inflammation. Nebulized CGS27023AM (CGS) was administered to LPS-injured mice. Pulmonary CGS levels were examined by mass spectroscopy. Inflammatory scoring of hematoxylin-eosin sections, examination of vascular integrity via lung wet/dry and bronchoalveolar lvage/serum FITC-albumin ratios were performed. Cleaved caspase-3 levels were also assessed. Differential cell counts and pulse-chase labeling were utilized to determine the effects of CGS on neutrophil migration. The effects of CGS on human neutrophil migration and viability were examined using Boyden chambers and MTT assays. Nebulization successfully delivered CGS to the lungs. Treatment decreased pulmonary inflammatory scores, edema, and apoptosis in LPS treated animals. Neutrophil chemotaxis was reduced by CGS treatment, with inhalation causing significant reductions in both the total number and newly produced bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells infiltrating the lung. Mechanistic studies on cells isolated from humans demonstrate that CGS-treated neutrophils exhibit decreased chemotaxis. The protective effect observed following treatment with a nonspecific MMP inhibitor indicates that one or more MMPs mediate the development of pulmonary edema and neutrophil infiltration in response to LPS injury. In accordance with this, inhaled MMP inhibitors warrant further study as a potential new therapeutic avenue for treatment of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gerber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Monica Goldklang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kyle Stearns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Xinran Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tina Zelonina
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeanine D'Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Islam Y, Khalid A, Pluchino S, Sivakumaran M, Teixidò M, Leach A, Fatokun AA, Downing J, Coxon C, Ehtezazi T. Development of Brain Targeting Peptide Based MMP-9 Inhibiting Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Brain Diseases with Elevated MMP-9 Activity. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3134-3144. [PMID: 32621836 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Latent and active levels of cerebral matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) are elevated in neurological diseases and brain injuries, contributing to neurological damage and poor clinical outcomes. This study aimed developing peptide-based nanoparticles with ability to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and inhibit MMP-9. Three amphiphilic peptides were synthesised containing brain-targeting ligands (HAIYPRH or CKAPETALC) conjugated with MMP-9 inhibiting peptide (CTTHWGFTLC) linked by glycine (spacer) at the N-terminus, and the peptide sequences were conjugated at the N- terminus to cholesterol. 19F NMR assay was developed to measure MMP-9 inhibition. Cell toxicity was evaluated by the LDH assay, and dialysis studies were conducted with/without fetal bovine serum. An in vitro model was employed to evaluate the ability of nanoparticles crossing the BBB. The amphiphilic peptide (Cholesterol-GGGCTTHWGFTLCHAIYPRH) formed nanoparticles (average size of 202.8 nm) with ability to cross the BBB model. MMP-9 inhibiting nanoparticles were non-toxic to cells, and reduced MMP-9 activity from kobs of 4.5 × 10-6s-1 to complete inhibition. Dialysis studies showed that nanoparticles did not disassemble by extreme dilution (40 folds), but gradually hydrolysed by serum enzymes. In conclusion, the MMP-9 inhibiting nanoparticles reduced the activity of MMP-9, with acceptable serum stability, minimal cell toxicity and ability to cross the in vitro BBB model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamir Islam
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Aneesa Khalid
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building - Cambridge Biosciences Campus and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0HA Cambridge, UK
| | - Muttuswamy Sivakumaran
- Department of Haematology, Peterborough City Hospital, Edith Cavell Campus, Bretton Gate Peterborough, PE3 9GZ Peterborough, UK
| | - Meritxell Teixidò
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Andrew Leach
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Amos A Fatokun
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - James Downing
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Christopher Coxon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
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Hariono M, Nuwarda RF, Yusuf M, Rollando R, Jenie RI, Al-Najjar B, Julianus J, Putra KC, Nugroho ES, Wisnumurti YK, Dewa SP, Jati BW, Tiara R, Ramadani RD, Qodria L, Wahab HA. Arylamide as Potential Selective Inhibitor for Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9): Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 60:349-359. [PMID: 31825614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that compounds bearing an arylamide linked to a heterocyclic planar ring have successfully inhibited the hemopexin-like domain (PEX9) of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). PEX9 has been suggested to be more selectively targeted than MMP9's catalytic domain in a degrading extracellular matrix under some pathologic conditions, especially in cancer. In this study, we aim to synthesize and evaluate 10 arylamide compounds as MMP9 inhibitors through an enzymatic assay as well as a cellular assay. The mechanism of inhibition for the most active compounds was investigated via molecular dynamics simulation (MD). Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock4.0 with PEX9 as the protein model to predict the binding of the designed compounds. The synthesis was carried out by reacting aniline derivatives with 3-bromopropanoyl chloride using pyridine as the catalyst at room temperature. The MMP9 assay was conducted using the FRET-based MMP9 kits protocol and gelatin zymography assay. The cytotoxicity assay was done using the MTT method, and the MD simulation was performed using AMBER16. Assay on MMP9 demonstrated activities of three compounds (2, 7, and 9) with more than 50% inhibition. Further inhibition on MMP9 expressed by 4T1 showed that two compounds (7 and 9) inhibited its gelatinolytic activity more than 50%. The cytotoxicity assay against 4T1 cells results in the inhibition of the cell growth with an EC50 of 125 μM and 132 μM for 7 and 9, respectively. The MD simulation explained a stable interaction of 7 and 9 in PEX9 at 100 ns with a free energy of binding of -8.03 kcal/mol and -6.41 kcal/mol, respectively. Arylamides have potential effects as selective MMP9 inhibitors in inhibiting breast cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maywan Hariono
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Rina F Nuwarda
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Padjadjaran University , Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363 , West Java , Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , Padjadjaran University , Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363 , West Java , Indonesia
| | - Rollando Rollando
- Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Science and Technology , Ma Chung University , Malang 65151 , Indonesia
| | - Riris I Jenie
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gadjah Mada University , Sekip Utara 55281 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Belal Al-Najjar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences , AlAhliyya Amman University , Amman 19328 , Jordan
| | - Jeffry Julianus
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Kevin C Putra
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Ervan S Nugroho
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Yohanes K Wisnumurti
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Sangga P Dewa
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Benedictus W Jati
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Reynaldo Tiara
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Sanata Dharma University , Depok, Sleman 55282 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Ratna D Ramadani
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gadjah Mada University , Sekip Utara 55281 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Lailatul Qodria
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy , Gadjah Mada University , Sekip Utara 55281 , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Habibah A Wahab
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and USM-RIKEN Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS) , Universiti Sains Malaysia , 11800 Minden , Pulau Pinang , Malaysia
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11
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Adhipandito CF, Ludji DPKS, Aprilianto E, Jenie RI, Al-Najjar B, Hariono M. Matrix metalloproteinase9 as the protein target in anti-breast cancer drug discovery: an approach by targeting hemopexin domain. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-019-0001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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12
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The Rebirth of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors: Moving Beyond the Dogma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090984. [PMID: 31461880 PMCID: PMC6769477 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors began in earnest over three decades ago. Initial clinical trials were disappointing, resulting in a negative view of MMPs as therapeutic targets. As a better understanding of MMP biology and inhibitor pharmacokinetic properties emerged, it became clear that initial MMP inhibitor clinical trials were held prematurely. Further complicating matters were problematic conclusions drawn from animal model studies. The most recent generation of MMP inhibitors have desirable selectivities and improved pharmacokinetics, resulting in improved toxicity profiles. Application of selective MMP inhibitors led to the conclusion that MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13, and MT1-MMP are not involved in musculoskeletal syndrome, a common side effect observed with broad spectrum MMP inhibitors. Specific activities within a single MMP can now be inhibited. Better definition of the roles of MMPs in immunological responses and inflammation will help inform clinic trials, and multiple studies indicate that modulating MMP activity can improve immunotherapy. There is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved MMP inhibitor for periodontal disease, and several MMP inhibitors are in clinic trials, targeting a variety of maladies including gastric cancer, diabetic foot ulcers, and multiple sclerosis. It is clearly time to move on from the dogma of viewing MMP inhibition as intractable.
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13
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Redondo-Muñoz J, García-Pardo A, Teixidó J. Molecular Players in Hematologic Tumor Cell Trafficking. Front Immunol 2019; 10:156. [PMID: 30787933 PMCID: PMC6372527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The trafficking of neoplastic cells represents a key process that contributes to progression of hematologic malignancies. Diapedesis of neoplastic cells across endothelium and perivascular cells is facilitated by adhesion molecules and chemokines, which act in concert to tightly regulate directional motility. Intravital microscopy provides spatio-temporal views of neoplastic cell trafficking, and is crucial for testing and developing therapies against hematologic cancers. Multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are hematologic malignancies characterized by continuous neoplastic cell trafficking during disease progression. A common feature of these neoplasias is the homing and infiltration of blood cancer cells into the bone marrow (BM), which favors growth and survival of the malignant cells. MM cells traffic between different BM niches and egress from BM at late disease stages. Besides the BM, CLL cells commonly home to lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen. Likewise, ALL cells also infiltrate extramedullary organs, such as the central nervous system, spleen, liver, and testicles. The α4β1 integrin and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 are key molecules for MM, ALL, and CLL cell trafficking into and out of the BM. In addition, the chemokine receptor CCR7 controls CLL cell homing to LNs, and CXCR4, CCR7, and CXCR3 contribute to ALL cell migration across endothelia and the blood brain barrier. Some of these receptors are used as diagnostic markers for relapse and survival in ALL patients, and their level of expression allows clinicians to choose the appropriate treatments. In CLL, elevated α4β1 expression is an established adverse prognostic marker, reinforcing its role in the disease expansion. Combining current chemotherapies with inhibitors of malignant cell trafficking could represent a useful therapy against these neoplasias. Moreover, immunotherapy using humanized antibodies, CAR-T cells, or immune check-point inhibitors together with agents targeting the migration of tumor cells could also restrict their survival. In this review, we provide a view of the molecular players that regulate the trafficking of neoplastic cells during development and progression of MM, CLL, and ALL, together with current therapies that target the malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Redondo-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ERL, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angeles García-Pardo
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Teixidó
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Cuffaro D, Nuti E, Gifford V, Ito N, Camodeca C, Tuccinardi T, Nencetti S, Orlandini E, Itoh Y, Rossello A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bifunctional inhibitors of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:196-207. [PMID: 30522899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen degradation and proMMP-2 activation are major functions of MT1-MMP to promote cancer cell invasion. Since both processes require MT1-MMP homodimerization on the cell surface, herein we propose that the use of bifunctional inhibitors of this enzyme could represent an innovative approach to efficiently reduce tumor growth. A small series of symmetrical dimers derived from previously described monomeric arylsulfonamide hydroxamates was synthesized and tested in vitro on isolated MMPs. A nanomolar MT1-MMP inhibitor, compound 6, was identified and then submitted to cell-based assays on HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Dimer 6 reduced MT1-MMP-dependent proMMP-2 activation, collagen degradation and collagen invasion in a dose-dependent manner with better results even compared to its monomeric analogue 4. This preliminary study suggests that dimeric MT1-MMP inhibitors might be further developed and exploited as an alternative tool to reduce cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Nuti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Gifford
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Noriko Ito
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Camodeca
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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15
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Boon L, Ugarte-Berzal E, Martens E, Vandooren J, Rybakin V, Colau D, Gordon-Alonso M, van der Bruggen P, Stöcker W, Becker-Pauly C, Witters P, Morava E, Jaeken J, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Propeptide glycosylation and galectin-3 binding decrease proteolytic activation of human proMMP-9/progelatinase B. FEBS J 2018; 286:930-945. [PMID: 30422384 PMCID: PMC7379967 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secreted as proenzymes, containing propeptides that interact with the catalytic zinc, thereby controlling MMP activation. The MMP‐9 propeptide is unique in the MMP family because of its post‐translational modification with an N‐linked oligosaccharide. ProMMP‐9 activation by MMP‐3 occurs stepwise by cleavage of the propeptide in an aminoterminal (pro‐AT) and carboxyterminal (pro‐CT) peptide. We chemically synthesized aglycosyl pro‐AT and pro‐CT and purified recombinant glycosylated pro‐ATSf−9. First, we report new cleavage sites in the MMP‐9 propeptide by MMP‐3 and neutrophil elastase. Additionally, we demonstrated with the use of western blot analysis a higher resistance of glycosylated versus aglycosyl pro‐AT against proteolysis by MMP‐3, MMP‐9, meprin α, neutrophil elastase and by protease‐rich synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Moreover, we investigated the effect of glycosylation on proteolytic activation of human proMMP‐9 with the use of zymography and dye‐quenched gelatin cleavage analysis. Compared to recombinant Sf‐9 proMMP‐9 glycoforms, larger oligosaccharides of human neutrophil proMMP‐9 increased resistance against proteolytic activation. Additionally, proMMP‐9 from Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation patients, compared to healthy controls, showed a higher activation rate by MMP‐3. Finally, we demonstrated that glycan‐galectin‐3 interactions reduced proMMP‐9 activation. In conclusion, modification of MMP‐9 propeptide glycosylation is a fine‐tuning mechanism and co‐determines the specific activity of MMP‐9 in physiology and pathology. Enzymes MMP‐9 EC 3.4.24.35, MMP‐3 EC 3.4.24.17, meprin α EC 3.4.24.18, neutrophil elastase EC 3.4.21.37, trypsin EC 3.4.21.4 and PNGase F EC 3.5.1.52.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boon
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Didier Colau
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Walter Stöcker
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Peter Witters
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, ON, USA
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are structurally related endopeptidases. They are also known as metzincins due to their interaction with zinc ion of the conserved methionine (Met) at the active site. MMPs play an important role in physiological and signaling processes of wound healing, bone resorption and angiogenesis. The structure of MMPs consists of signal peptide, propeptide, catalytic domain, hinge region and hemopexin-like domain. MMP-9 shares high structural and functional similarities with MMP-2, therefore designing selective MMP-9 inhibitors (MMPIs) is challenging. The selectivity can be achieved by targeting S2 subsite of MMP-9 that is having difference with MMP-2. Further, targeting its exosite and protein disulfide isomerase may also provide selective MMPIs. The review highlights the molecular features and basis of MMP-9 enzyme action. The MMPIs reported in the recent years have also been included.
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17
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Alford VM, Kamath A, Ren X, Kumar K, Gan Q, Awwa M, Tong M, Seeliger MA, Cao J, Ojima I, Sampson NS. Targeting the Hemopexin-like Domain of Latent Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (proMMP-9) with a Small Molecule Inhibitor Prevents the Formation of Focal Adhesion Junctions. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2788-2803. [PMID: 28945333 PMCID: PMC5697452 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A lack
of target specificity has greatly hindered the success of
inhibitor development against matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) for
the treatment of various cancers. The MMP catalytic domains are highly
conserved, whereas the hemopexin-like domains of MMPs are unique to
each family member. The hemopexin-like domain of MMP-9 enhances cancer
cell migration through self-interaction and heterointeractions with
cell surface proteins including CD44 and α4β1 integrin.
These interactions activate EGFR-MAP kinase dependent signaling that
leads to cell migration. In this work, we generated a library of compounds,
based on hit molecule N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-2-[(4-oxo-6-propyl-1H-pyrimidin-2-yl)sulfanyl]-acetamide, that target the hemopexin-like
domain of MMP-9. We identify N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-oxo-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinazolin-2-ylthio)butanamide, 3c, as a potent lead (Kd = 320
nM) that is specific for binding to the proMMP-9 hemopexin-like domain.
We demonstrate that 3c disruption of MMP-9 homodimerization
prevents association of proMMP-9 with both α4β1 integrin
and CD44 and results in the dissociation of EGFR. This disruption
results in decreased phosphorylation of Src and its downstream target
proteins focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin (PAX), which are
implicated in promoting tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion.
Using a chicken chorioallantoic membrane in vivo assay,
we demonstrate that 500 nM 3c blocks cancer cell invasion
of the basement membrane and reduces angiogenesis. In conclusion,
we present a mechanism of action for 3c whereby targeting
the hemopexin domain results in decreased cancer cell migration through
simultaneous disruption of α4β1 integrin and EGFR signaling
pathways, thereby preventing signaling bypass. Targeting through the
hemopexin-like domain is a powerful approach to antimetastatic drug
development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M. Alford
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Anushree Kamath
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Qianwen Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Monaf Awwa
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Michael Tong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Markus A. Seeliger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Iwao Ojima
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Nicole S. Sampson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook, New York, United States
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18
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Fragments generated upon extracellular matrix remodeling: Biological regulators and potential drugs. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:170-189. [PMID: 29133183 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by several protease families releases a number of bioactive fragments, which regulate numerous biological processes such as autophagy, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, fibrosis, tumor growth, metastasis and wound healing. We review here the proteases which generate bioactive ECM fragments, their ECM substrates, the major bioactive ECM fragments, together with their biological properties and their receptors. The translation of ECM fragments into drugs is challenging and would take advantage of an integrative approach to optimize the design of pre-clinical and clinical studies. This could be done by building the contextualized interaction network of the ECM fragment repertoire including their parent proteins, remodeling proteinases, and their receptors, and by using mathematical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA Lyon, CPE, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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19
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Ugarte-Berzal E, Vandooren J, Bailón E, Opdenakker G, García-Pardo A. Inhibition of MMP-9-dependent Degradation of Gelatin, but Not Other MMP-9 Substrates, by the MMP-9 Hemopexin Domain Blades 1 and 4. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11751-60. [PMID: 27044750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays important roles in normal development, inflammation, and cancer. MMP-9 efficiently degrades the extracellular matrix component gelatin, and the hemopexin domain of MMP-9 (PEX9) inhibits this degradation. To study the molecular basis of this inhibition, we generated GST fusion proteins containing PEX9 or truncated forms corresponding to specific structural blades (B1-B4) of PEX9. GST-PEX9 inhibited MMP-9-driven gelatin proteolysis, measured by gelatin zymography, FITC-gelatin conversion, and DQ-gelatin degradation assays. However, GST-PEX9 did not prevent the degradation of other MMP-9 substrates, such as a fluorogenic peptide, αB crystalline, or nonmuscular actin. Therefore, PEX9 may inhibit gelatin degradation by shielding gelatin and specifically preventing its binding to MMP-9. Accordingly, GST-PEX9 also abolished the degradation of gelatin by MMP-2, confirming that PEX9 is not an MMP-9 antagonist. Moreover, GST-B4 and, to a lesser extent, GST-B1 also inhibited gelatin degradation by MMP-9, indicating that these regions are responsible for the inhibitory activity of PEX9. Accordingly, ELISAs demonstrated that GST-B4 and GST-B1 specifically bound to gelatin. Our results establish new functions of PEX9 attributed to blades B4 and B1 and should help in designing specific inhibitors of gelatin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Ugarte-Berzal
- From the Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KULeuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KULeuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elvira Bailón
- From the Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain and
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KULeuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angeles García-Pardo
- From the Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain and
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20
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Ricard-Blum S, Vallet SD. Matricryptins Network with Matricellular Receptors at the Surface of Endothelial and Tumor Cells. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 26869928 PMCID: PMC4740388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a source of bioactive fragments called matricryptins or matrikines resulting from the proteolytic cleavage of extracellular proteins (e.g., collagens, elastin, and laminins) and proteoglycans (e.g., perlecan). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cathepsins, and bone-morphogenetic protein-1 release fragments, which regulate physiopathological processes including tumor growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis, a pre-requisite for tumor growth. A number of matricryptins, and/or synthetic peptides derived from them, are currently investigated as potential anti-cancer drugs both in vitro and in animal models. Modifications aiming at improving their efficiency and their delivery to their target cells are studied. However, their use as drugs is not straightforward. The biological activities of these fragments are mediated by several receptor families. Several matricryptins may bind to the same matricellular receptor, and a single matricryptin may bind to two different receptors belonging or not to the same family such as integrins and growth factor receptors. Furthermore, some matricryptins interact with each other, integrins and growth factor receptors crosstalk and a signaling pathway may be regulated by several matricryptins. This forms an intricate 3D interaction network at the surface of tumor and endothelial cells, which is tightly associated with other cell-surface associated molecules such as heparan sulfate, caveolin, and nucleolin. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the behavior of this network is required in order to optimize the development of matricryptins as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5246 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - University Lyon 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain D Vallet
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR 5246 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - University Lyon 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon Villeurbanne, France
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21
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Circular trimers of gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 constitute a distinct population of functional enzyme molecules differentially regulated by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. Biochem J 2015; 465:259-70. [PMID: 25360794 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) (EC 3.4.24.35) cleaves many substrates and is produced by most cell types as a zymogen, proMMP-9, in complex with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). Natural proMMP-9 occurs as monomers, homomultimers and heterocomplexes, but our knowledge about the overall structure of proMMP-9 monomers and multimers is limited. We investigated biochemical, biophysical and functional characteristics of zymogen and activated forms of MMP-9 monomers and multimers. In contrast with a conventional notion of a dimeric nature of MMP-9 homomultimers, we demonstrate that these are reduction-sensitive trimers. Based on the information from electrophoresis, AFM and TEM, we generated a 3D structure model of the proMMP-9 trimer. Remarkably, the proMMP-9 trimers possessed a 50-fold higher affinity for TIMP-1 than the monomers. In vivo, this finding was reflected in a higher extent of TIMP-1 inhibition of angiogenesis induced by trimers compared with monomers. Our results show that proMMP-9 trimers constitute a novel structural and functional entity that is differentially regulated by TIMP-1.
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22
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Mehner C, Hockla A, Miller E, Ran S, Radisky DC, Radisky ES. Tumor cell-produced matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) drives malignant progression and metastasis of basal-like triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2736-49. [PMID: 24811362 PMCID: PMC4058041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in diverse roles in breast cancer development and progression. While many of the different MMPs expressed in breast cancer are produced by stromal cells MMP-9 is produced mainly by the tumor cells themselves. To date, the functional role of tumor cell-produced MMP-9 has remained unclear. Here, we show that human breast cancer cell-produced MMP-9 is specifically required for invasion in cell culture and for pulmonary metastasis in a mouse orthotopic model of basal-like breast cancer. We also find that tumor cell-produced MMP-9 promotes tumor vascularization with only modest impact on primary tumor growth, and that silencing of MMP-9 expression in tumor cells leads to an altered transcriptional program consistent with reversion to a less malignant phenotype. MMP-9 is most highly expressed in human basal-like and triple negative tumors, where our data suggest that it contributes to metastatic progression. Our results suggest that MMP9 may offer a target for anti-metastatic therapies for basal-like triple negative breast cancers, a poor prognosis subtype with few available molecularly targeted therapeutic options.
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23
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Orian-Rousseau V, Ponta H. Perspectives of CD44 targeting therapies. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:3-14. [PMID: 25472903 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CD44 is a family of single-span transmembrane glycoproteins. Members of this family differ in the extracellular domain where ten variant exons are either excluded or included in various combinations. CD44 isoforms participate in many physiological processes including hematopoiesis, regeneration, lymphocyte homing and inflammation. Most importantly, they are involved in pathological processes and in particular in cancer. In several types of tumors, CD44 together with other antigens specifies for cancer stem cell populations. Mechanistically, CD44 proteins act as receptors for hyaluronan, co-receptor for receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) or G-protein-coupled receptors or provide a platform for metalloproteinases. For all these reasons, targeting CD44 may be a successful approach in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the various possibilities of targeting CD44. Among these are the production of CD44 ectodomains, antibodies, peptides or aptamers. Also inhibition of CD44 expression has been proposed. Finally, the function of CD44 as a hyaluronan receptor was also taken advantage of. We are convinced that the success of these therapies will depend on an increased understanding of the molecular functions of specific CD44 isoforms in particular in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Orian-Rousseau
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Postfach 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany,
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24
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Ugarte-Berzal E, Bailón E, Amigo-Jiménez I, Albar JP, García-Marco JA, García-Pardo A. A novel CD44-binding peptide from the pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 hemopexin domain impairs adhesion and migration of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15340-9. [PMID: 24739387 PMCID: PMC4140891 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.559187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
(pro)MMP-9 binds to CLL cells through the PEX9 domain and contributes to CLL progression. To biochemically characterize this interaction and identify potential therapeutic targets, we prepared GST-PEX9 forms containing structural blades B1B2 or B3B4. We recently described a sequence in blade B4 (P3 sequence) that bound α4β1 integrin and partially impaired cell adhesion and migration. We have now studied the possible contribution of the B1B2 region to cell interaction with PEX9. CLL cells bound to GST-B1B2 and CD44 was the primary receptor. GST-B1B2 inhibited CLL cell migration as effectively as GST-B3B4. Overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the B1B2 region identified the sequence FDAIAEIGNQLYLFKDGKYW, present in B1 and contained in peptide P6, as the most effective site. P6 inhibited cell adhesion to PEX9 in a dose-dependent manner and with an IC50 value of 90 μM. P6 also inhibited cell adhesion to hyaluronan but had no effect on adhesion to VCAM-1 (α4β1 integrin ligand), confirming its specific interaction with CD44. Spatial localization analyses mapped P6 to the central cavity of PEX9, in close proximity to the previously identified P3 sequence. Both P6 and P3 equally impaired cell adhesion to (pro)MMP-9. Moreover, P6 synergistically cooperated with P3, resulting in complete inhibition of CLL cell binding to PEX9, chemotaxis, and transendothelial migration. Thus, P6 is a novel sequence in PEX9 involved in cell-PEX9/(pro)MMP-9 binding by interacting with CD44. Targeting both sites, P6 and P3, should efficiently prevent (pro)MMP-9 binding to CLL cells and its pathological consequences.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Disease Progression
- Drug Design
- Enzyme Precursors/chemistry
- Enzyme Precursors/metabolism
- Female
- Hemopexin/chemistry
- Hemopexin/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/chemistry
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/metabolism
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Ugarte-Berzal
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Bailón
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Amigo-Jiménez
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Albar
- the Proteomics Facility, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, Spain, and
| | - José A García-Marco
- Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles García-Pardo
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain,
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25
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Bouchet S, Bauvois B. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), Pro-Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (pro-MMP-9) and Their Complex Pro-MMP-9/NGAL in Leukaemias. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:796-812. [PMID: 24713998 PMCID: PMC4074804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) have gained attention as cancer biomarkers. The inactive zymogen form of MMP-9 (pro-MMP-9) also exists as a disulphide-linked heterodimer bound to NGAL in humans. Leukaemias represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which vary in their clinical behavior and pathophysiology. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the expression profiles of pro-MMP-9 and NGAL as prognostic factors in leukaemias. We also report the expression of the pro-MMP-9/NGAL complex in these diseases. We discuss the roles of (pro)-MMP-9 (active and latent forms) and NGAL in tumour development, and evaluate the mechanisms by which pro-MMP-9/NGAL may influence the actions of (pro)-MMP-9 and NGAL in cancer. Emerging knowledge about the coexpression and the biology of (pro)-MMP-9, NGAL and their complex in cancer including leukaemia may improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bouchet
- INSERM U1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France.
| | - Brigitte Bauvois
- INSERM U1138, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris 75006, France.
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26
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Farina AR, Mackay AR. Gelatinase B/MMP-9 in Tumour Pathogenesis and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:240-96. [PMID: 24473089 PMCID: PMC3980597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its original identification as a leukocyte gelatinase/type V collagenase and tumour type IV collagenase, gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is now recognised as playing a central role in many aspects of tumour progression. In this review, we relate current concepts concerning the many ways in which gelatinase B/MMP-9 influences tumour biology. Following a brief outline of the gelatinase B/MMP-9 gene and protein, we analyse the role(s) of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in different phases of the tumorigenic process, and compare the importance of gelatinase B/MMP-9 source in the carcinogenic process. What becomes apparent is the importance of inflammatory cell-derived gelatinase B/MMP-9 in tumour promotion, early progression and triggering of the "angiogenic switch", the integral relationship between inflammatory, stromal and tumour components with respect to gelatinase B/MMP-9 production and activation, and the fundamental role for gelatinase B/MMP-9 in the formation and maintenance of tumour stem cell and metastatic niches. It is also apparent that gelatinase B/MMP-9 plays important tumour suppressing functions, producing endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors, promoting inflammatory anti-tumour activity, and inducing apoptosis. The fundamental roles of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in cancer biology underpins the need for specific therapeutic inhibitors of gelatinase B/MMP-9 function, the use of which must take into account and substitute for tumour-suppressing gelatinase B/MMP-9 activity and also limit inhibition of physiological gelatinase B/MMP-9 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
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27
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Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exhibit a broad array of activities, some catalytic and some non-catalytic in nature. An overall lack of selectivity has rendered small molecule, active site targeted MMP inhibitors problematic in execution. Inhibitors that favor few or individual members of the MMP family often take advantage of interactions outside the enzyme active site. We presently focus on peptide-based MMP inhibitors and probes that do not incorporate conventional Zn2+ binding groups. In some cases, these inhibitors and probes function by binding only secondary binding sites (exosites), while others bind both exosites and the active site. A myriad of MMP mediated-activities beyond selective catalysis can be inhibited by peptides, particularly cell adhesion, proliferation, motility, and invasion. Selective MMP binding peptides comprise highly customizable, unique imaging agents. Areas of needed improvement for MMP targeting peptides include binding affinity and stability.
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28
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McQuibban GA, Gong JH, Tam EM, McCulloch CA, Clark-Lewis I, Overall CM. Inflammation dampened by gelatinase A cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 48:222-72. [PMID: 10947989 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.770819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue degradation by the matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase A is pivotal to inflammation and metastases. Recognizing the catalytic importance of substrate-binding exosites outside the catalytic domain, we screened for extracellular substrates using the gelatinase A hemopexin domain as bait in the yeast two-hybrid system. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3) was identified as a physiological substrate of gelatinase A. Cleaved MCP-3 binds to CC-chemokine receptors-1, -2, and -3, but no longer induces calcium fluxes or promotes chemotaxis, and instead acts as a general chemokine antagonist that dampens inflammation. This suggests that matrix metalloproteinases are both effectors and regulators of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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