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Law RA, Kiepas A, Desta HE, Perez Ipiña E, Parlani M, Lee SJ, Yankaskas CL, Zhao R, Mistriotis P, Wang N, Gu Z, Kalab P, Friedl P, Camley BA, Konstantopoulos K. Cytokinesis machinery promotes cell dissociation from collectively migrating strands in confinement. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq6480. [PMID: 36630496 PMCID: PMC9833664 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cells tune adherens junction dynamics to regulate epithelial integrity in diverse (patho)physiological processes, including cancer metastasis. We hypothesized that the spatially confining architecture of peritumor stroma promotes metastatic cell dissemination by remodeling cell-cell adhesive interactions. By combining microfluidics with live-cell imaging, FLIM/FRET biosensors, and optogenetic tools, we show that confinement induces leader cell dissociation from cohesive ensembles. Cell dissociation is triggered by myosin IIA (MIIA) dismantling of E-cadherin cell-cell junctions, as recapitulated by a mathematical model. Elevated MIIA contractility is controlled by RhoA/ROCK activation, which requires distinct guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Confinement activates RhoA via nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of the cytokinesis-regulatory proteins RacGAP1 and Ect2 and increased microtubule dynamics, which results in the release of active GEF-H1. Thus, confining microenvironments are sufficient to induce cell dissemination from primary tumors by remodeling E-cadherin cell junctions via the interplay of microtubules, nuclear trafficking, and RhoA/ROCK/MIIA pathway and not by down-regulating E-cadherin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Law
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alexander Kiepas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Habben E. Desta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Emiliano Perez Ipiña
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maria Parlani
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Se Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Christopher L. Yankaskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Runchen Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nianchao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhizhan Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.K.); (Z.G.)
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Brian A. Camley
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.K.); (Z.G.)
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2
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Jin Y, Li Z, Wu Y, Li H, Liu Z, Liu L, Ouyang N, Zhou T, Fang B, Xia L. Aberrant Fluid Shear Stress Contributes to Articular Cartilage Pathogenesis via Epigenetic Regulation of ZBTB20 by H3K4me3. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6067-6083. [PMID: 34824542 PMCID: PMC8610757 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s339382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease for human beings, characterized by severe inflammation, cartilage degradation, and subchondral bone destruction. However, current therapies are limited to relieving pain or joint replacement and no effective treatment methods have been discovered to improve degenerative changes. Currently, a variety of evidences have indicated that aberrant mechanical stimuli is closely associated with articular joint pathogenesis, while the detailed underlying mechanism remains unelucidated. In the present study, we determined to investigate the impact of excessive high fluid shear stress (FSS) on primary chondrocytes and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms. Materials and Methods Phalloidin staining and EdU staining were used to evaluate cell morphology and viability. The mRNA level and protein level of genes were determined by qPCR, Western blot assay, and immunofluorescence staining. Mechanistic investigation was performed through RNA-sequencing and CUT&Tag sequencing. In vivo, we adopted unilateral anterior crossbites (UAC) mice model to investigate the expression of H3K4me3 and ZBTB20 in aberrant force-related cartilage pathogenesis. Results The results demonstrated that FSS greatly disrupts cell morphology and significantly decreased chondrocyte viability. Aberrant FSS induces remarkable inflammatory mediators production, leading to cartilage degeneration and degradation. In depth mechanistic study showed that FSS results in more than 10-fold upregulation of H3K4me3, and the modulatory effect of H3K4me3 on cartilage was obtained by directly targeting ZBTB20. Furthermore, Wnt signaling was strongly activated in high FSS-induced OA pathogenesis, and the negative impact of ZBTB20 on chondrocytes was also achieved through activating Wnt signaling pathway. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of H3K4me3 activation by MM-102 or treatment with Wnt pathway inhibitor LF3 could effectively alleviate the destructive effect of FSS on chondrocytes. In vivo UAC mice model validated the dysregulation of H3K4me3 and ZBTB20 in aberrant force-induced cartilage pathogenesis. Conclusion Through the combination of in vitro FSS model and in vivo UAC model, KMT2B-H3K4me3-ZBTB20 axis was first identified in aberrant FSS-induced cartilage pathogenesis, which may provide evidences for epigenetic-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxia Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanran Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairui Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningjuan Ouyang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
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3
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Lu CD, Ma JK, Luo ZY, Tai QX, Wang P, Guan PP. Transferrin is responsible for mediating the effects of iron ions on the regulation of anterior pharynx-defective-1α/β and Presenilin 1 expression via PGE 2 and PGD 2 at the early stage of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3117-3135. [PMID: 30383537 PMCID: PMC6286844 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transferrin (Tf) is an important iron-binding protein postulated to play a key role in iron ion (Fe) absorption via the Tf receptor (TfR), which potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the role of Tf in AD remains unknown. Using mouse-derived neurons and APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice as model systems, we firstly revealed the mechanisms of APH-1α/1β and presenilin 1 (PS1) upregulation by Fe in prostaglandin (PG) E2- and PGD2-dependent mechanisms. Specifically, Fe stimulated the expression of mPGES-1 and the production of PGE2 and PGD2 via the Tf and TfR system. Highly accumulated PGE2 markedly induced the expression of anterior pharynx-defective-1α and -1β (APH-1α/1β) and PS1 via an EP receptor-dependent mechanism. In contrast, PGD2 suppressed the expression of APH-1α/1β and PS1 via a prostaglandin D2 (DP) receptor-dependent mechanism. As the natural dehydrated product of PGD2, 15d-PGJ2 exerts inhibitory effects on the expression of APH-1α/1β and PS1 in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ-dependent manner. The expression of APH-1α/1β and PS1 ultimately determined the production and deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ), an effect that potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Di Lu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Kang Ma
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Yang Luo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Qun-Xi Tai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
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4
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Mistriotis P, Wisniewski EO, Bera K, Keys J, Li Y, Tuntithavornwat S, Law RA, Perez-Gonzalez NA, Erdogmus E, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Sun SX, Kalab P, Lammerding J, Konstantopoulos K. Confinement hinders motility by inducing RhoA-mediated nuclear influx, volume expansion, and blebbing. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:4093-4111. [PMID: 31690619 PMCID: PMC6891075 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells migrate in vivo through complex confining microenvironments, which induce significant nuclear deformation that may lead to nuclear blebbing and nuclear envelope rupture. While actomyosin contractility has been implicated in regulating nuclear envelope integrity, the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, we argue that confinement-induced activation of RhoA/myosin-II contractility, coupled with LINC complex-dependent nuclear anchoring at the cell posterior, locally increases cytoplasmic pressure and promotes passive influx of cytoplasmic constituents into the nucleus without altering nuclear efflux. Elevated nuclear influx is accompanied by nuclear volume expansion, blebbing, and rupture, ultimately resulting in reduced cell motility. Moreover, inhibition of nuclear efflux is sufficient to increase nuclear volume and blebbing on two-dimensional surfaces, and acts synergistically with RhoA/myosin-II contractility to further augment blebbing in confinement. Cumulatively, confinement regulates nuclear size, nuclear integrity, and cell motility by perturbing nuclear flux homeostasis via a RhoA-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Emily O Wisniewski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kaustav Bera
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeremy Keys
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Yizeng Li
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA
| | - Soontorn Tuntithavornwat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert A Law
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicolas A Perez-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Eda Erdogmus
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Runchen Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sean X Sun
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD .,Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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5
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Cao LL, Guan PP, Liang YY, Huang XS, Wang P. Calcium Ions Stimulate the Hyperphosphorylation of Tau by Activating Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase 1. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:108. [PMID: 31143112 PMCID: PMC6521221 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is reportedly associated with the accumulation of calcium ions (Ca2+), and this accumulation is responsible for the phosphorylation of tau. Although several lines of evidence demonstrate the above phenomenon, the inherent mechanisms remain unknown. Using APP/PS1 Tg mice and neuroblastoma (N)2a cells as in vivo and in vitro experimental models, we observed that Ca2+ stimulated the phosphorylation of tau by activating microsomal PGE synthase 1 (mPGES1) in a prostaglandin (PG) E2-dependent EP receptor-activating manner. Specifically, the highly accumulated Ca2+ stimulated the expression of mPGES1 and the synthesis of PGE2. Treatment with the inhibitor of Ca2+ transporter, NMDAR, attenuated the expression of mPGES1 and the production of PGE2 were attenuated in S(+)-ketamine-treated APP/PS1 Tg mice. Elevated levels of PGE2 were responsible for the hyperphosphorylation of tau in an EP-1-, EP-2-, and EP-3-dependent but not EP4-dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 5-activating manner. Reciprocally, the knockdown of the expression of mPGES1 ameliorated the expected cognitive decline by inhibiting the phosphorylation of tau in APP/PS1 Tg mice. Moreover, CDK5 was found to be located downstream of EP1-3 to regulate the phosphorylation of tau though the cleavage of p35 to p25. Finally, the phosphorylation of tau by Ca2+ contributed to the cognitive decline of APP/PS1 Tg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Long Cao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Yue Liang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Shi Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Kopp BT, Thompson R, Kim J, Konstan R, Diaz A, Smith B, Shrestha C, Rogers LK, Hayes D, Tumin D, Woodley FW, Ramilo O, Sanders DB, Groner JA, Mejias A. Secondhand smoke alters arachidonic acid metabolism and inflammation in infants and children with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2019; 74:237-246. [PMID: 30661024 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms that facilitate early infection and inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) are unclear. We previously demonstrated that children with CF and parental-reported secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) have increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. SHSe hinders arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites that mediate immune function in patients without CF, and may influence CF immune dysfunction. We aimed to define SHSe's impact on inflammation mediators and infection in children with CF. METHODS Seventy-seven children with CF <10 years of age (35 infants <1 year; 42 children 1-10 years) were enrolled and hair nicotine concentrations measured as an objective surrogate of SHSe. AA signalling by serum and macrophage lipidomics, inflammation using blood transcriptional profiles and in vitro macrophage responses to bacterial infection after SHSe were assessed. RESULTS Hair nicotine concentrations were elevated in 63% of patients. Of the AA metabolites measured by plasma lipidomics, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) concentrations were decreased in children with CF exposed to SHSe, and associated with more frequent hospitalisations (p=0.007) and worsened weight z scores (p=0.008). Children with CF exposed to SHSe demonstrated decreased expression of the prostaglandin genes PTGES3 and PTGR2 and overexpression of inflammatory pathways. These findings were confirmed using an in vitro model, where SHSe was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in PGD2 and increased methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus survival in human CF macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Infants and young children with CF and SHSe have altered AA metabolism and dysregulated inflammatory gene expression resulting in impaired bacterial clearance. Our findings identified potential therapeutic targets to halt early disease progression associated with SHSe in the young population with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Kopp
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rohan Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeeho Kim
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Konstan
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alejandro Diaz
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bennett Smith
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chandra Shrestha
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lynette K Rogers
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Don Hayes
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dmitry Tumin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Frederick W Woodley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Don B Sanders
- Riley Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Judith A Groner
- Section of Ambulatory Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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7
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Guan PP, Ding WY, Wang P. The roles of prostaglandin F 2 in regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 via an insulin growth factor-2-dependent mechanism in sheared chondrocytes. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:27. [PMID: 30510777 PMCID: PMC6261940 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) was recently identified as being regulated by the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in response to high fluid shear stress. Although the metabolic products of COX-2, including prostaglandin (PG)E2, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), and PGF2α, have been reported to be effective in regulating the occurrence and development of OA by activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the roles of PGF2α in OA are largely overlooked. Thus, we showed that high fluid shear stress induced the mRNA expression of MMP-12 via cyclic (c)AMP- and PGF2α-dependent signaling pathways. Specifically, we found that high fluid shear stress (20 dyn/cm2) significantly increased the expression of MMP-12 at 6 h ( > fivefold), which then slightly decreased until 48 h ( > threefold). In addition, shear stress enhanced the rapid synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2α, which generated synergistic effects on the expression of MMP-12 via EP2/EP3-, PGF2α receptor (FPR)-, cAMP- and insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2)-dependent phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B (AKT), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-activating pathways. Prolonged shear stress induced the synthesis of 15d-PGJ2, which is responsible for suppressing the high levels of MMP-12 at 48 h. These in vitro observations were further validated by in vivo experiments to evaluate the mechanisms of MMP-12 upregulation during the onset of OA by high fluid shear stress. By delineating this signaling pathway, our data provide a targeted therapeutic basis for combating OA. Shear stress induces cartilage cells to produce hormone-like molecules that activate the expression of an enzyme implicated in the development of osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. Pu Wang and colleagues from Northeastern University in Shenyang, China, exposed human cartilage cells to high fluid shear stress for up to 2 days. This frictional strain rapidly stimulated the production of a proinflammatory enzyme, COX-2, which in turn promoted the synthesis of two hormone-like substances, called prostaglandins. These prostaglandins, PGE2 and PGF2α, then induced expression of an osteoarthritis-associated enzyme called MMP-12 that destroys the supporting structure that surrounds cartilage cells. The researchers, working both in human cells and in mouse models, further delineated several intermediate signaling molecules in the pathway linking shear stress with MMP-12 activation, thereby revealing several new potential drug targets for combating osteoarthritis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 P. R. China
| | - Wei-Yan Ding
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 P. R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819 P. R. China
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8
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Abstract
Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the gaps in our knowledge of the roles of COX-2 and PGs in AD have not been filled. Here, we summarized the literature showing that COX-2 dysregulation obviously influences abnormal cleavage of β-amyloid precursor protein, aggregation and deposition of Aβ in β-amyloid plaques and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis have been assessed to elucidate the mechanisms of COX-2 regulation of AD. Notably, an imbalance of these factors ultimately produces cognitive decline. The current review substantiates our understanding of the mechanisms of COX-2-induced AD and establishes foundations for the design of feasible therapeutic strategies to treat AD.-Guan, P.-P., Wang, P. Integrated communications between cyclooxygenase-2 and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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9
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Yu X, Guan PP, Zhu D, Liang YY, Wang T, Wang ZY, Wang P. Magnesium Ions Inhibit the Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor α and the Activity of γ-Secretase in a β-Amyloid Protein-Dependent Mechanism in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:172. [PMID: 29899688 PMCID: PMC5988891 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment. The neuropathological features of AD are the aggregation of extracellular amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and tau phosphorylation. Recently, AD was found to be associated with magnesium ion (Mg2+) deficit and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) elevation in the serum or brains of AD patients. To study the relationship between Mg2+ and TNF-α, we used human- or mouse-derived glial and neuronal cell lines or APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice as in vitro and in vivo experimental models, respectively. Our data demonstrates that magnesium-L-threonate (MgT) can decrease the expression of TNF-α by restoring the levels of Mg2+ in glial cells. In addition, PI3-K/AKT and NF-κB signals play critical roles in mediating the effects of Mg2+ on suppressing the expression of TNF-α. In neurons, Mg2+ elevation showed similar suppressive effects on the expression of presenilin enhancer 2 (PEN2) and nicastrin (NCT) through a PI3-K/AKT and NF-κB-dependent mechanism. As the major components of γ-secretase, overexpression of presenilin 1 (PS1), PEN2 and NCT potentially promote the synthesis of Aβ, which in turn activates TNF-α in glial cells. Reciprocally, TNF-α stimulates the expression of PEN2 and NCT in neurons. The crosstalk between TNF-α and Aβ in glial cells and neurons could ultimately aggravate the development and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Yue Liang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Hyperbaric oxygen protects type II collagen in interleukin-1β-induced mandibular condylar chondrocyte via inhibiting the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60312-60323. [PMID: 28947973 PMCID: PMC5601141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms of Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) protective on interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced rat's mandibular condylar chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were exposure to Hyperbaric oxygen after induced inflammatory by IL-1β. After that, the expression of p-JNK and c-Jun was increased significantly, while the Sox-9 was decreased significantly, Immunofluorescence results showed that the expression of p-JNK and p-c-Jun were decreased while the expression of Sox-9 and COL2 were increased in chondrocytes treated with IL-1β and selective JNK inhibitor. Hyperbaric oxygen might plays similar roles with the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125, inducing the increase of Sox-9 and COL2 expression. On the whole, IL-1β induced inflammatory in chondrocytes by activating the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway and down-regulate the expression of Sox-9 and COL2. However, Hyperbaric oxygen can inhibits IL-1β induced inflammatory response in chondrocytes though block the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway and up-regulate the expression of Sox-9 and COL2.
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11
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Zheng SQ, Gong ZY, Lu CD, Wang P. Prostaglandin I 2 is responsible for ameliorating prostaglandin E 2 stress in stimulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor α in a β-amyloid protein -dependent mechanism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102801-102819. [PMID: 29262525 PMCID: PMC5732691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been found to be induced during the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using mouse-derived astrocyte and APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) mice as model systems, we firstly elucidated the mechanisms underlying COX-2 metabolic production including prostaglandin (PG)E2- and PGI2-mediated tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) regulation. Specifically, PGE2 accumulation in astrocyte activated the p38 and JNK/c-Jun signaling pathways via phosphorylation, resulting in TNF-α expression. In contrast, the administration of PGI2 attenuated the effects of PGE2 in stimulating the production of TNF-α by inhibiting the activity of TNF-α promoter and the binding activity of AP1 on the promoter of TNF-α. Moreover, our data also showed that not only Aβ1-42 oligomers but also Aβ1-42 fibrils have the ability to involve in mediating the antagonistic effects of PGE2 and PGI2 on regulating the expression of TNF-α via a p38- and JNK/c-Jun-dependent, AP1-transactivating mechanism. Reciprocally, the production of TNF-α finally accelerated the deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ)1-42 in β-amyloid plaques (APs), which contribute to the cognitive decline of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qin Zheng
- The College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Gong
- The College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Di Lu
- The College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- The College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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12
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Interstitial Space. Protein Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315374307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Wang P, Guan PP, Yu X, Zhang LC, Su YN, Wang ZY. Prostaglandin I₂ Attenuates Prostaglandin E₂-Stimulated Expression of Interferon γ in a β-Amyloid Protein- and NF-κB-Dependent Mechanism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20879. [PMID: 26869183 PMCID: PMC4751455 DOI: 10.1038/srep20879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been recently identified as being involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of an important COX-2 metabolic product, prostaglandin (PG) I2, in AD development remains unknown. Using mouse-derived astrocytes as well as APP/PS1 transgenic mice as model systems, we firstly elucidated the mechanisms of interferon γ (IFNγ) regulation by PGE2 and PGI2. Specifically, PGE2 accumulation in astrocytes activated the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways by phosphorylation, which resulted in IFNγ expression. In contrast, the administration of PGI2 attenuated the effects of PGE2 on stimulating the production of IFNγ via inhibiting the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus. Due to these observations, we further studied these prostaglandins and found that both PGE2 and PGI2 increased Aβ1-42 levels. In detail, PGE2 induced IFNγ expression in an Aβ1-42-dependent manner, whereas PGI2-induced Aβ1-42 production did not alleviate cells from IFNγ inhibition by PGI2 treatment. More importantly, our data also revealed that not only Aβ1-42 oligomer but also fibrillar have the ability to induce the expression of IFNγ via stimulation of NF-κB nuclear translocation in astrocytes of APP/PS1 mice. The production of IFNγ finally accelerated the deposition of Aβ1-42 in β-amyloid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Su
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
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14
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Wang P, Yu X, Guan PP, Guo JW, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Wang ZY. Magnesium ion influx reduces neuroinflammation in Aβ precursor protein/Presenilin 1 transgenic mice by suppressing the expression of interleukin-1β. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 14:451-464. [PMID: 26549801 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with magnesium ion (Mg2+) deficits and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) elevations in the serum or brains of AD patients. However, the mechanisms regulating IL-1β expression during Mg2+ dyshomeostasis in AD remain unknown. We herein studied the mechanism of IL-1β reduction using a recently developed compound, magnesium-L-threonate (MgT). Using human glioblastoma A172 and mouse brain D1A glial cells as an in vitro model system, we delineated the signaling pathways by which MgT suppressed the expression of IL-1β in glial cells. In detail, we found that MgT incubation stimulated the activity of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling pathways by phosphorylation, which resulted in IL-1β suppression. Simultaneous inhibition of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and PPARγ induced IL-1β upregulation in MgT-stimulated glial cells. In accordance with our in vitro data, the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of MgT into the ventricles of APP/PS1 transgenic mice and treatment of Aβ precursor protein (APP)/PS1 brain slices suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1β. These in vivo observations were further supported by the oral administration of MgT for 5 months. Importantly, Mg2+ influx into the ventricles of the mice blocked the effects of IL-1β or amyloid β-protein oligomers in the cerebrospinal fluid. This reduced the stimulation of IL-1β expression in the cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which potentially contributed to the inhibition of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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15
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Yu X, Guan PP, Guo JW, Wang Y, Cao LL, Xu GB, Konstantopoulos K, Wang ZY, Wang P. By suppressing the expression of anterior pharynx-defective-1α and -1β and inhibiting the aggregation of β-amyloid protein, magnesium ions inhibit the cognitive decline of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 transgenic mice. FASEB J 2015; 29:5044-58. [PMID: 26293690 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-275578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a magnesium ion (Mg(2+)) deficit in the serum or brain. However, the mechanisms regulating the roles of Mg(2+) in the pathologic condition of AD remain unknown. We studied whether brain Mg(2+) can decrease β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and ameliorate the cognitive decline in a model of AD, the APPswe/PS1DE9 transgenic (Tg) mouse. We used a recently developed compound, magnesium-L-threonate (MgT), for a treatment that resulted in enhanced clearance of Aβ in an anterior pharynx-defective (APH)-1α/-1β-dependent manner. To further explore how MgT treatment inhibits cognitive decline in APP/PS1 Tg mice, the critical molecules for amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage and signaling pathways were investigated. In neurons, ERK1/2 and PPARγ signaling pathways were activated by MgT treatment, which in turn suppressed (by >80%) the expression of APH-1α/-1β, which is responsible for the deposition of Aβ and potentially contributes to the memory deficit that occurs in AD. More important, Aβ oligomers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) further promoted the expression of APH-1α/-1β (by >2.5-fold), which enhances the γ-cleavage of APP and Aβ deposition during AD progression. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of AD progression and are instrumental for developing better strategies to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- *College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- *College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing-Wen Guo
- *College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- *College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Long-Long Cao
- *College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guo-Biao Xu
- *College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- *College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- *College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pu Wang
- *College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, and Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Guan PP, Guo JW, Yu X, Wang Y, Wang T, Konstantopoulos K, Wang ZY, Wang P. The role of cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β and fibroblast growth factor-2 in the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in sheared-chondrocytes and articular cartilage. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10412. [PMID: 25992485 PMCID: PMC4438667 DOI: 10.1038/srep10412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MMP-1 expression is detected in fluid shear stress (20 dyn/cm2)-activated and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes, however, the precise mechanisms underlying shear-induced MMP-1 synthesis remain unknown. Using primary chondrocytes and T/C-28a2 chondrocytic cells as model systems, we report that prolonged application of high fluid shear to human chondrocytes induced the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), which led to a marked increase in MMP-1 expression. IL-1β, COX-2-dependent PGE2 activated the PI3-K/AKT and p38 signaling pathways, which were in turn responsible for MMP-1 synthesis via NF-κB- and c-Jun-transactivating pathways. Prolonged shear stress exposure (>12 h) induced 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) synthesis. Although 15d-PGJ2 suppressed PI3-K/AKT and p38 signaling pathways, it stimulated MMP-1 expression via activating heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). The critical role of COX-2 in regulating MMP-1 expression in articular cartilage in vivo was demonstrated using COX-2+/− transgenic mice in the absence or presence of rofecoxib oral administration. These findings provide novel insights for developing therapeutic strategies to combat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Jing-Wen Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- 1] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering [2] Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology [3] Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center [4] Center of Cancer Nanotechonology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 21218
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, P. R. China, 110819
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17
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Guan PP, Yu X, Guo JJ, Wang Y, Wang T, Li JY, Konstantopoulos K, Wang ZY, Wang P. By activating matrix metalloproteinase-7, shear stress promotes chondrosarcoma cell motility, invasion and lung colonization. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9140-9159. [PMID: 25823818 PMCID: PMC4496208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fluid flow and associated shear stress are relevant mechanical signals in cartilage and bone (patho)physiology. However, their effects on chondrosarcoma cell motility, invasion and metastasis have yet to be delineated. Using human SW1353, HS.819.T and CH2879 chondrosarcoma cell lines as model systems, we found that fluid shear stress induces the accumulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which in turn markedly enhance chondrosarcoma cell motility and invasion via the induction of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7). Specifically, shear-induced cAMP and IL-1β activate PI3-K, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways, which lead to the synthesis of MMP-7 via transactivating NF-κB and c-Jun in human chondrosarcoma cells. Importantly, MMP-7 upregulation in response to shear stress exposure has the ability to promote lung colonization of chondrosarcomas in vivo. These findings offer a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying MMP-7 activation in shear-stimulated chondrosarcoma cells, and provide insights on designing new therapeutic strategies to interfere with chondrosarcoma invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
- Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, Center of Cancer Nanotechonology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States of America
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
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18
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Fluid shear promotes chondrosarcoma cell invasion by activating matrix metalloproteinase 12 via IGF-2 and VEGF signaling pathways. Oncogene 2014; 34:4558-69. [PMID: 25435370 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid flow in and around the tumor tissue is a physiologically relevant mechanical signal that regulates intracellular signaling pathways throughout the tumor. Yet, the effects of interstitial flow and associated fluid shear stress on the tumor cell function have been largely overlooked. Using in vitro bioengineering models in conjunction with molecular cell biology tools, we found that fluid shear (2 dyn/cm(2)) markedly upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) expression and its activity in human chondrosarcoma cells. MMP-12 expression is induced in human chondrocytes during malignant transformation. However, the signaling pathway regulating MMP-12 expression and its potential role in human chondrosarcoma cell invasion and metastasis have yet to be delineated. We discovered that fluid shear stress induces the synthesis of insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) B and D, which in turn transactivate MMP-12 via PI3-K, p38 and JNK signaling pathways. IGF-2-, VEGF-B- or VEGF-D-stimulated chondrosarcoma cells display markedly higher migratory and invasive potentials in vitro, which are blocked by inhibiting MMP-12, PI3-K, p38 or JNK activity. Moreover, recombinant human MMP-12 or MMP-12 overexpression can potentiate chondrosarcoma cell invasion in vitro and the lung colonization in vivo. By reconstructing and delineating the signaling pathway regulating MMP-12 activation, potential therapeutic strategies that interfere with chondrosarcoma cell invasion may be identified.
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19
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Wang P, Guan P, Wang T, Yu X, Guo J, Wang Z. Aggravation of Alzheimer's disease due to the COX-2-mediated reciprocal regulation of IL-1β and Aβ between glial and neuron cells. Aging Cell 2014; 13:605-15. [PMID: 24621265 PMCID: PMC4326948 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and displays the characteristics of chronic neurodegenerative disorders; amyloid plaques (AP) that contain amyloid β-protein (Aβ) accumulate in AD, which is also characterized by tau phosphorylation. Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that long-term treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) markedly reduces the risk of AD by inhibiting the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Although the levels of COX-2 and its metabolic product prostaglandin (PG)E2 are elevated in the brain of AD patients, the mechanisms for the development of AD remain unknown. Using human- or mouse-derived glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cell lines as model systems, we delineated the signaling pathways by which COX-2 mediates the reciprocal regulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Aβ between glial and neuron cells. In glioblastoma cells, COX-2 regulates the synthesis of IL-1β in a PGE2 -dependent manner. Moreover, COX-2-derived PGE2 signals the activation of the PI3-K/AKT and PKA/CREB pathways via cyclic AMP; these pathways transactivate the NF-κB p65 subunit via phosphorylation at Ser 536 and Ser 276, leading to IL-1β synthesis. The secretion of IL-1β from glioblastoma cells in turn stimulates the expression of COX-2 in human or mouse neuroblastoma cells. Similar regulatory mechanisms were found for the COX-2 regulation of BACE-1 expression in neuroblastoma cells. More importantly, Aβ deposition mediated the inflammatory response of glial cells via inducing the expression of COX-2 in glioblastoma cells. These findings not only provide new insights into the mechanisms of COX-2-induced AD but also initially define the therapeutic targets of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Pei‐Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Jian‐Jun Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
| | - Zhan‐You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110819China
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20
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Stroka KM, Gu Z, Sun SX, Konstantopoulos K. Bioengineering paradigms for cell migration in confined microenvironments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 30:41-50. [PMID: 24973724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental process underlying diverse (patho)physiological phenomena. The classical understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cell migration has been based on in vitro studies on two-dimensional substrates. More recently, mounting evidence from intravital studies has shown that during metastasis, tumor cells must navigate complex microenvironments in vivo, including narrow, pre-existing microtracks created by anatomical structures. It is becoming apparent that unraveling the mechanisms of confined cell migration in this context requires a multi-disciplinary approach through integration of in vivo and in vitro studies, along with sophisticated bioengineering techniques and mathematical modeling. Here, we highlight such an approach that has led to discovery of a new model for cell migration in confined microenvironments (i.e., the Osmotic Engine Model).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Stroka
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhizhan Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sean X Sun
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences - Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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21
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Wang P, Guan PP, Wang T, Yu X, Guo JJ, Konstantopoulos K, Wang ZY. Interleukin-1β and cyclic AMP mediate the invasion of sheared chondrosarcoma cells via a matrix metalloproteinase-1-dependent mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:923-33. [PMID: 24472657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is a potential biomarker for chondrosarcoma that is overexpressed at the invading edges of articular cartilage, and its expression correlates with poor survival rates. However, the molecular mechanisms of MMP-1 regulation and its potential contribution to chondrosarcoma cell invasion have yet to be elucidated, especially in shear-activated cells. Using molecular biology tools and an in vitro fluid shear model, we report that shear stress upregulates cyclic AMP (cAMP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release, which in turn promotes the invasion of chondrosarcoma cells via the induction of MMP-1 in a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. Activated PI3-K and ERK1/2 signaling pathways phosphorylate c-Jun, which in turn transactivates MMP-1 in human chondrosarcoma cells. Collectively, fluid shear stress upregulates matrix MMP-1 expression, which is responsible for the enhanced invasion of human chondrosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBio Technology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Physical Sciences-Oncology Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center of Cancer Nanotechonology Excellence, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China.
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22
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Kaiser F, Steptoe A, Thompson S, Henderson B. Monocyte cytokine synthesis in response to extracellular cell stress proteins suggests these proteins exhibit network behaviour. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:135-44. [PMID: 23775284 PMCID: PMC3857429 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human peripheral blood monocytes were exposed to single or pairs of cell stress proteins (CSPs), specifically Hsp10, Hsp27, Hsp60 and Hsp70-the former two having anti-inflammatory actions while the latter pair being assumed to be pro-inflammatory in activity. This study was to test if these proteins exhibited any network behaviour. To control for possible lipopolysaccharide contamination, polymyxin B was used. Surprisingly, at concentrations higher than 1 μg/ml, polymyxin B itself could induce cytokine synthesis. A number of commercial sources of the molecular chaperones were tested, and marked variations in monocyte cytokine synthesis were found. All four CSPs stimulated the same profile of IL-1/IL-6 synthesis and IL-10/TNF-α synthesis although the kinetics of production of these two pairs of cytokines were very different. A key question was whether extracellular molecular chaperones exhibited network behaviour. To test this, monocytes were cultured with suboptimal concentrations of single CSP and pairs of CSP to look for additive, synergistic or antagonistic cell responses. The major finding was that pairs of molecular chaperones, including chaperones thought to stimulate monocyte cytokine synthesis, could produce significant antagonistic cellular responses. This demonstrates that extracellular CSPs constitute an additional potent layer within the complex cytokine network and furthermore suggests that monocytes have evolved to dampen their immune responses upon exposure to extracellular networks of CSPs-perhaps as a mechanism for protecting cells against detrimental cellular stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kaiser
- Department of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK,
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23
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Wang P, Guan PP, Guo C, Zhu F, Konstantopoulos K, Wang ZY. Fluid shear stress-induced osteoarthritis: roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and its metabolic products in inducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. FASEB J 2013; 27:4664-77. [PMID: 23964078 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-234542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical overloading of cartilage is involved in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) by both biochemical and mechanical pathways. The application of fluid shear stress to chondrocytes recapitulates the earmarks of OA, as evidenced by the release of proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and apoptotic factors. Dysregulations or mutations in these genes might directly cause OA in addition to determining the stage at which OA becomes apparent, the joint sites involved, and the severity of the disease and how rapidly it progresses. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this review, we propose that the dysregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is associated with fluid shear stress-induced OA via its metabolic products at different stages of the disease. Indeed, high fluid shear stress rapidly induces the production of PICs and MMPs via COX-2-derived prostaglandin (PG)E2 at the early stage of OA. In contrast, prolonged shear exposure (>12 h) aggravates the condition by concurrently up-regulating the expression of proapoptotic genes and down-regulating the expression of antiapoptotic genes in a 15-deoxy-Δ (12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2)-dependent manner at the late stage of disease. These observations may help to resolve long-standing questions in OA progression and provide insight for development of strategies to treat and combat OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- 1Z.-Y.W., College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, P. R. China.
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24
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Yeh CC, Chang SF, Huang TY, Chang HI, Kuo HC, Wu YC, Hsieh CH, Shi CS, Chen CN. Shear stress modulates macrophage-induced urokinase plasminogen activator expression in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R53. [PMID: 23597113 PMCID: PMC4060380 DOI: 10.1186/ar4215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Synovial macrophages, which can release proinflammatory factors, are responsible for the upregulation of cartilage-breakdown proteases and play critical roles in cartilage degradation during the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, shear stress exerts multifunctional effects on chondrocytes by inducing the synthesis of catabolic or anabolic genes. However, the interplay of macrophages, chondrocytes, and shear stress during the regulation of cartilage function remains poorly understood. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of human chondrocyte urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression by macrophages and shear stress. Methods Human chondrocytes were stimulated by peripheral blood-macrophage- conditioned medium (PB-MCM), or exposure of chondrocytes cultured in PB-MCM to different levels of shear stress (2 to 20 dyn/cm2). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze uPA gene expression. Inhibitors and small interfering RNA were used to investigate the mechanism for the effects of PB-MCM and shear stress in chondrocytes. Results Stimulation of human chondrocytes with PB-MCM was found to induce uPA expression. We demonstrated that activation of the JNK and Akt pathways and NF-κB are critical for PB-MCM-induced uPA expression. Blocking assays by using IL-1ra further demonstrated that IL-1β in PB-MCM is the major mediator of uPA expression in chondrocytes. PB-MCM-treated chondrocytes subjected to a lower level of shear stress showed inhibition of MCM-induced JNK and Akt phosphorylation, NF-κB activation, and uPA expression. The PB-MCM-induced uPA expression was suppressed by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist. The inhibitor or siRNA for AMPK abolished the shear-mediated inhibition of uPA expression. Conclusions These data support the hypothesis that uPA upregulation stimulated by macrophages may play an active role in the onset of OA and in the shear-stress protection against this induction.
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Grabias BM, Konstantopoulos K. Notch4-dependent antagonism of canonical TGF-β1 signaling defines unique temporal fluctuations of SMAD3 activity in sheared proximal tubular epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F123-33. [PMID: 23576639 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00594.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is thought to drive fibrogenesis in numerous organ systems. However, we recently established that ectopic expression of TGF-β1 abrogates collagen accumulation via canonical SMAD signaling mechanisms in a shear-induced model of kidney fibrosis. We herein delineate the temporal control of endogenous TGF-β1 signaling that generates sustained synchronous fluctuations in TGF-β1 cascade activation in shear-stimulated proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs). During 8-h exposure to physiological shear stress (0.3 dyn/cm²), PTECs experience in situ oscillatory concentrations of active endogenous TGF-β1 that are ~10-fold greater than those detected under higher stress regimes (2-4 dyn/cm²). The elevated levels of intrinsic TGF-β1 maturation observed under physiological conditions are accompanied by persistent downstream SMAD3 activation. Pathological shear stresses (2 dyn/cm²) first elicit temporal variations in phosphorylated SMAD3 with an apparent period of ~6 h, whereas even higher stresses (4 dyn/cm²) abolish SMAD3 activation. These divergent patterns of SMAD3 activation are attributed to varying levels of Notch4-dependent phospho-SMAD3 degradation. Depletion of Notch4 in shear-stimulated PTECs eventually increases the levels of active TGF-β1 protein by approximately fivefold, recovers stable SMAD phosphorylation and ubiquitinated SMAD species, and attenuates collagen accumulation. Collectively, these data establish Notch4 as a critical mediator of shear-induced fibrosis and further reinforce the renoprotective effects of canonical TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Grabias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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