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Jin X, Yue X, Huang Z, Meng X, Xu S, Wu Y, Wan Y, Inoue A, Narisawa M, Hu L, Shi GP, Umegaki H, Murohara T, Lei Y, Kuzuya M, Cheng XW. Cathepsin K deficiency prevented stress-related thrombosis in a mouse FeCl 3 model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:205. [PMID: 38703204 PMCID: PMC11069486 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to chronic psychological stress (CPS) is a risk factor for thrombotic cardiocerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs). The expression and activity of the cysteine cathepsin K (CTSK) are upregulated in stressed cardiovascular tissues, and we investigated whether CTSK is involved in chronic stress-related thrombosis, focusing on stress serum-induced endothelial apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old wild-type male mice (CTSK+/+) randomly divided to non-stress and 3-week restraint stress groups received a left carotid artery iron chloride3 (FeCl3)-induced thrombosis injury for biological and morphological evaluations at specific timepoints. On day 21 post-stress/injury, the stress had enhanced the arterial thrombi weights and lengths, in addition to harmful alterations of plasma ADAMTS13, von Willebrand factor, and plasminogen activation inhibitor-1, plus injured-artery endothelial loss and CTSK protein/mRNA expression. The stressed CTSK+/+ mice had increased levels of injured arterial cleaved Notch1, Hes1, cleaved caspase8, matrix metalloproteinase-9/-2, angiotensin type 1 receptor, galactin3, p16IN4A, p22phox, gp91phox, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, TNF-α, MCP-1, and TLR-4 proteins and/or genes. Pharmacological and genetic inhibitions of CTSK ameliorated the stress-induced thrombus formation and the observed molecular and morphological changes. In cultured HUVECs, CTSK overexpression and silencing respectively increased and mitigated stressed-serum- and H2O2-induced apoptosis associated with apoptosis-related protein changes. Recombinant human CTSK degraded γ-secretase substrate in a dose-dependent manor and activated Notch1 and Hes1 expression upregulation. CONCLUSIONS CTSK appeared to contribute to stress-related thrombosis in mice subjected to FeCl3 stress, possibly via the modulation of vascular inflammation, oxidative production and apoptosis, suggesting that CTSK could be an effective therapeutic target for CPS-related thrombotic events in patients with CCVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Jin
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzijie, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Xueling Yue
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzijie, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzijie, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuna Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzijie, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzijie, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi-Ken, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Megumi Narisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi-Ken, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzijie, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
- Department of Intensive Care, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzijie, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Meitetsu Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, 451-8511, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, 1327 Juzijie, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Singh K, Madarati H, Sohrabipour S, Sparring T, Teney C, Kretz CA. Metalloprotease domain latency protects ADAMTS13 against broad-spectrum inhibitors of metalloproteases while maintaining activity toward VWF. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1789-1801. [PMID: 36990157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAMTS13 is a circulating metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) in a shear-dependent manner. ADAMTS13 is secreted as an active protease but has a long half-life, suggesting that it is resistant to circulating protease inhibitors. These zymogen-like properties indicate that ADAMTS13 exists as a latent protease that is activated by its substrate. OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanism of ADAMTS13 latency and resistance to metalloprotease inhibitors. METHODS Probe the active site of ADAMTS13 and variants using alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs), and Marimastat. RESULTS ADAMTS13 and C-terminal deletion mutants are not inhibited by A2M, TIMPs, or Marimastat, but cleave FRETS-VWF73, suggesting that the metalloprotease domain is latent in the absence of substrate. Within the metalloprotease domain, mutating the gatekeeper triad (R193, D217, D252) or substituting the calcium-binding (R180-R193) or the variable (G236-S263) loops with corresponding features from ADAMTS5 did not sensitize MDTCS to inhibition. However, substituting the calcium-binding loop and an extended variable loop (G236-S263) corresponding to the S1-S1' pockets with those from ADAMTS5, resulted in MDTCS-GVC5 inhibition by Marimastat, but not by A2M or TIMP3. Substituting the MD domains of ADAMTS5 into full-length ADAMTS13 resulted in a 50-fold reduction in activity compared with the substitution into MDTCS. However, both chimeras were susceptible to inhibition, suggesting that the closed conformation does not contribute to the latency of the metalloprotease domain. CONCLUSION The metalloprotease domain protects ADAMTS13 from inhibitors and exists in a latent state that is partially maintained by loops flanking the S1 and S1' specificity pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Singh
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hasam Madarati
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sahar Sohrabipour
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Sparring
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cherie Teney
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin A Kretz
- Department of Medicine, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Pillai VG, Zheng XL. A novel mechanism underlying allosteric regulation of ADAMTS-13 revealed by hydrogen-deuterium exchange plus mass spectrometry. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 7:100012. [PMID: 36852110 PMCID: PMC9958085 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ADAMTS-13, a plasma metalloprotease, cleaves von Willebrand factor. ADAMTS-13 activity appears to be regulated through allosteric inhibition by its distal C-terminus. Objectives The objective of this study was to better understand how domain-domain interactions may affect ADAMTS-13 conformations and functions. Methods We performed deuterium-hydrogen exchange plus mass spectrometry to assess the number and rate of deuterium incorporation into various peptides of full-length ADAMTS-13 and its truncated variants. Results Under physiological conditions, a bimodal distribution of deuterium incorporation was detected in the peptides from metalloprotease (217-230 and 282-304), cysteine-rich (446-482), and CUB (for complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1) domains (1185-1214, 1313-1330, 1341-1347, 1358-1378, and 1393-1407) of full-length recombinant ADAMTS-13, but not of truncated variants. These results suggest that the full-length ADAMTS-13 undergoes conformational changes. On removal of the middle and distal C-terminal domains, the number and rate of deuterium incorporation were increased in the peptides from cysteine-rich (445-467, 467-482, and 495-503) and spacer domains (621-642 and 655-654) but decreased in the peptides from metalloprotease (115-124, 217-230, and 274-281). Moreover, most peptides, except for 217-230 and 1357-1376, exhibited a pD-dependent deuterium incorporation in the full-length ADAMTS-13, but not in the truncated variant (eg, MDTCS or T5C). These results further suggest that the bimodal deuterium incorporation observed in the peptides from the full-length ADAMTS-13 is the result of potential impact from the middle to distal C-terminal domains. Surface plasmon resonance revealed the direct binding interactions between the distal and proximal domains of ADAMTS-13. Conclusion Our results provide novel insight on how intramolecular interactions may affect conformations of ADAMTS-13, thus regulating its proteolytic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram G. Pillai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - X. Long Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Developmental Sciences, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA,Correspondence X. Long Zheng, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, 5016 Delp, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
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4
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Rose KWJ, Taye N, Karoulias SZ, Hubmacher D. Regulation of ADAMTS Proteases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:701959. [PMID: 34268335 PMCID: PMC8275829 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.701959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motifs (ADAMTS) proteases are secreted metalloproteinases that play key roles in the formation, homeostasis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The substrate spectrum of ADAMTS proteases can range from individual ECM proteins to entire families of ECM proteins, such as the hyalectans. ADAMTS-mediated substrate cleavage is required for the formation, remodeling and physiological adaptation of the ECM to the needs of individual tissues and organ systems. However, ADAMTS proteases can also be involved in the destruction of tissues, resulting in pathologies such as arthritis. Specifically, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 contribute to irreparable cartilage erosion by degrading aggrecan, which is a major constituent of cartilage. Arthritic joint damage is a major contributor to musculoskeletal morbidity and the most frequent clinical indication for total joint arthroplasty. Due to the high sequence homology of ADAMTS proteases in their catalytically active site, it remains a formidable challenge to design ADAMTS isotype-specific inhibitors that selectively inhibit ADAMTS proteases responsible for tissue destruction without affecting the beneficial functions of other ADAMTS proteases. In vivo, proteolytic activity of ADAMTS proteases is regulated on the transcriptional and posttranslational level. Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms that regulate ADAMTS protease activity in tissues including factors that induce ADAMTS gene expression, consequences of posttranslational modifications such as furin processing, the role of endogenous inhibitors and pharmacological approaches to limit ADAMTS protease activity in tissues, which almost exclusively focus on inhibiting the aggrecanase activity of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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5
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Increased dipeptidyl peptidase-4 accelerates chronic stress-related thrombosis in a mouse carotid artery model. J Hypertens 2021; 38:1504-1513. [PMID: 32205561 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to chronic psychosocial stress is a risk factor for metabolic cardiovascular disorders. Given that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has an important role in human pathobiology, we investigated the role of DPP-4 in stress-related thrombosis in mice, focusing on oxidative stress and the von Willebrand factor (vWF)-cleaving protease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13). METHODS AND RESULTS Male mice randomly assigned to nonstress and 2-week immobilized-stress groups underwent iron chloride3 (FeCl3)-induced carotid artery thrombosis surgery for morphological and biochemical studies at specific times. On day 14 post-stress/surgery, stress had enhanced the lengths and weights of arterial thrombi, with alterations of plasma DPP-4, plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 and ADAMTS13. The stressed mice had increased levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, gp91phox, p22phox, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, cathepsins S and K mRNAs and/or proteins, and reduced levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, catalase and superoxide dismutase-1 mRNAs and/or proteins. Stress also accelerated arterial endothelial cell damage. The DPP-4 inhibitor anagliptin ameliorated the stress-induced targeted molecular and morphological changes and thrombosis. In vitro, DPP-4 inhibition also mitigated the alterations in the targeted ADAMTS13 and other oxidative and inflammatory molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in response to H2O2. CONCLUSION DPP-4 inhibition appeared to improve the FeCl3-induced thrombosis in mice that received stress, possibly via the improvement of ADAMTS13 and oxidative stress, suggesting that DPP-4 could become a novel therapeutic target for chronic psychological stress-related thrombotic events in metabolic cardiovascular disorders.
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Yao Y, Hu C, Song Q, Li Y, Da X, Yu Y, Li H, Clark IM, Chen Q, Wang QK. ADAMTS16 activates latent TGF-β, accentuating fibrosis and dysfunction of the pressure-overloaded heart. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:956-969. [PMID: 31297506 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac fibrosis is a major cause of heart failure (HF), and mediated by the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. However, limited tools are available to block cardiac fibrosis. ADAMTS16 is a member of the ADAMTS superfamily of extracellular protease enzymes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and remodelling. In this study, we aimed to establish ADAMTS16 as a key regulator of cardiac fibrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that ADAMTS16 was significantly up-regulated in mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and HF, which was correlated with increased expression of Mmp2, Mmp9, Col1a1, and Col3a1. Overexpression of ADAMTS16 accelerated the AngII-induced activation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Protein structural analysis and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that ADAMTS16 interacted with the latency-associated peptide (LAP)-transforming growth factor (TGF)-β via a RRFR motif. Overexpression of ADAMTS16 induced the activation of TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts; however, the effects were blocked by a mutation of the RRFR motif to IIFI, knockdown of Adamts16 expression, or a TGF-β-neutralizing antibody (ΝAb). The RRFR tetrapeptide, but not control IIFI peptide, blocked the interaction between ADAMTS16 and LAP-TGF-β, and accelerated the activation of TGF-β in cardiac fibroblasts. In TAC mice, the RRFR tetrapeptide aggravated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy by up-regulation of ECM proteins, activation of TGF-β, and increased SMAD2/SMAD3 signalling, however, the effects were blocked by TGF-β-NAb. CONCLUSION ADAMTS16 promotes cardiac fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and HF by facilitating cardiac fibroblasts activation via interacting with and activating LAP-TGF-β signalling. The RRFR motif of ADAMTS16 disrupts the interaction between ADAMTS16 and LAP-TGF-β, activates TGF-β, and aggravated cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. This study identifies a novel regulator of TGF-β signalling and cardiac fibrosis, and provides a new target for the development of therapeutic treatment of cardiac fibrosis and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Changqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qixue Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xingwen Da
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yubin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qing K Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Science, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Treatment of Dystrophic mdx Mice with an ADAMTS-5 Specific Monoclonal Antibody Increases the Ex Vivo Strength of Isolated Fast Twitch Hindlimb Muscles. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030416. [PMID: 32156081 PMCID: PMC7175239 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling contributes to muscle degeneration and weakness in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). ADAMTS-5, a secreted metalloproteinase with catalytic activity against versican, is implicated in myogenesis and inflammation. Here, using the mdx mouse model of DMD, we report increased ADAMTS-5 expression in dystrophic hindlimb muscles, localized to regions of regeneration and inflammation. To investigate the pathophysiological significance of this, 4-week-old mdx mice were treated with an ADAMTS-5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or IgG2c (IgG) isotype control for 3 weeks. ADAMTS-5 mAb treatment did not reduce versican processing, as protein levels of the cleaved versikine fragment did not differ between hindlimb muscles from ADAMTS-5 mAb or IgG treated mdx mice. Nonetheless, ADAMTS-5 blockade improved ex vivo strength of isolated fast extensor digitorum longus, but not slow soleus, muscles. The underpinning mechanism may include modulation of regenerative myogenesis, as ADAMTS-5 blockade reduced the number of recently repaired desmin positive myofibers without affecting the number of desmin positive muscle progenitor cells. Treatment with the ADAMTS-5 mAb did not significantly affect makers of muscle damage, inflammation, nor fiber size. Altogether, the positive effects of ADAMTS-5 blockade in dystrophic muscles are fiber-type-specific and independent of versican processing.
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Exosites in Hypervariable Loops of ADAMTS Spacer Domains control Substrate Recognition and Proteolysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10914. [PMID: 31358852 PMCID: PMC6662762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS (A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase domain with Thrombospondin type 1 Motif)-1, -4 and -5 share the abilities to cleave large aggregating proteoglycans including versican and aggrecan. These activities are highly relevant to cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis and during development. Here, using purified recombinant ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5, we quantify, compare, and define the molecular basis of their versicanase activity. A novel sandwich-ELISA detecting the major versican cleavage fragment was used to determine, for the first time, kinetic constants for versican proteolysis. ADAMTS-5 (kcat/Km 35 × 105 M−1 s−1) is a more potent (~18-fold) versicanase than ADAMTS-4 (kcat/Km 1.86 × 105 M−1 sec−1), whereas ADAMTS-1 versicanase activity is comparatively low. Deletion of the spacer domain reduced versicanase activity of ADAMTS-5 19-fold and that of ADAMTS-4 167-fold. Co-deletion of the ADAMTS-5 cysteine-rich domain further reduced versicanase activity to a total 153-fold reduction. Substitution of two hypervariable loops in the spacer domain of ADAMTS-5 (residues 739–744 and 837–844) and ADAMTS-4 (residues 717–724 and 788–795) with those of ADAMTS-13, which does not cleave proteoglycans, caused spacer-dependent reductions in versicanase activities. Our results demonstrate that these loops contain exosites critical for interaction with and processing of versican. The hypervariable loops of ADAMTS-5 are shown to be important also for its aggrecanase activity. Together with previous work on ADAMTS-13 our results suggest that the spacer domain hypervariable loops may exercise significant control of ADAMTS proteolytic activity as a general principle. Identification of specific exosites also provides targets for selective inhibitors.
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9
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The ADAMTS hyalectanase family: biological insights from diverse species. Biochem J 2017; 473:2011-22. [PMID: 27407170 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type-1 motifs (ADAMTS) family of metzincins are complex secreted proteins that have diverse functions during development. The hyalectanases (ADAMTS1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 15 and 20) are a subset of this family that have enzymatic activity against hyalectan proteoglycans, the processing of which has important implications during development. This review explores the evolution, expression and developmental functions of the ADAMTS family, focusing on the ADAMTS hyalectanases and their substrates in diverse species. This review gives an overview of how the family and their substrates evolved from non-vertebrates to mammals, the expression of the hyalectanases and substrates in different species and their functions during development, and how these functions are conserved across species.
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10
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Zhang L, Su J, Shen F, Ma Z, Zhao Y, Xia L, Ruan C. A novel monoclonal antibody against the von Willebrand Factor A2 domain reduces its cleavage by ADAMTS13. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:42. [PMID: 28166803 PMCID: PMC5292787 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the C-terminal α-helix of the human von Willebrand factor A2, designated SZ-179. We showed that SZ-179 inhibited the interactions between VWF and ADAMTS13 and prevented the degradation of high molecular weight VWF multimers. Importantly, SZ-179 reduced the proteolysis of VWF-R1597W mutant by rADAMTS13 dose-dependently under native conditions. Our findings reveal a potential therapeutic target for bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jian Su
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lijun Xia
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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11
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Nurnberg ST, Zhang H, Hand NJ, Bauer RC, Saleheen D, Reilly MP, Rader DJ. From Loci to Biology: Functional Genomics of Genome-Wide Association for Coronary Disease. Circ Res 2016; 118:586-606. [PMID: 26892960 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have provided a rich collection of ≈ 58 coronary artery disease (CAD) loci that suggest the existence of previously unsuspected new biology relevant to atherosclerosis. However, these studies only identify genomic loci associated with CAD, and many questions remain even after a genomic locus is definitively implicated, including the nature of the causal variant(s) and the causal gene(s), as well as the directionality of effect. There are several tools that can be used for investigation of the functional genomics of these loci, and progress has been made on a limited number of novel CAD loci. New biology regarding atherosclerosis and CAD will be learned through the functional genomics of these loci, and the hope is that at least some of these new pathways relevant to CAD pathogenesis will yield new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia T Nurnberg
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Robert C Bauer
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Danish Saleheen
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
| | - Daniel J Rader
- From the Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine (S.T.N., R.C.B., D.J.R.), Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine (H.Z., M.P.R., D.J.R.), Department of Genetics (N.J.H., D.J.R.), and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (D.S.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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12
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ADAM and ADAMTS Family Proteins and Snake Venom Metalloproteinases: A Structural Overview. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8050155. [PMID: 27196928 PMCID: PMC4885070 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family proteins constitute a major class of membrane-anchored multidomain proteinases that are responsible for the shedding of cell-surface protein ectodomains, including the latent forms of growth factors, cytokines, receptors and other molecules. Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are major components in most viper venoms. SVMPs are primarily responsible for hemorrhagic activity and may also interfere with the hemostatic system in envenomed animals. SVMPs are phylogenetically most closely related to ADAMs and, together with ADAMs and related ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family proteinases, constitute adamalysins/reprolysins or the M12B clan (MEROPS database) of metalloproteinases. Although the catalytic domain structure is topologically similar to that of other metalloproteinases such as matrix metalloproteinases, the M12B proteinases have a modular structure with multiple non-catalytic ancillary domains that are not found in other proteinases. Notably, crystallographic studies revealed that, in addition to the conserved metalloproteinase domain, M12B members share a hallmark cysteine-rich domain designated as the “ADAM_CR” domain. Despite their name, ADAMTSs lack disintegrin-like structures and instead comprise two ADAM_CR domains. This review highlights the current state of our knowledge on the three-dimensional structures of M12B proteinases, focusing on their unique domains that may collaboratively participate in directing these proteinases to specific substrates.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW ADAMTS13 is a zinc-containing metalloprotease that cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF). Deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity is accountable for a potentially fatal blood disorder thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Understanding of ADAMTS13-VWF interaction is essential for developing novel treatments to this disorder. RECENT FINDINGS Despite the proteolytic activity of ADAMTS13 being restricted to the metalloprotease domain, the ancillary proximal C-terminal domains including the disintegrin domain, first TSP-1 repeat, cysteine-rich region, and spacer domain are all required for cleavage of VWF and its analogs. Recent studies have added to our understandings of the role of the specific regions in the disintegrin domain, the cysteine-rich domain, and the spacer domain responsible for its interaction with VWF. Additionally, regulative functions of the distal portion of ADAMTS13 including the TSP-1 2-8 repeats and the CUB domains have been proposed. Finally, fine mapping of anti-ADAMTS13 antibody epitopes have provided further insight into the essential structural elements in ADAMTS13 for VWF binding and the mechanism of autoantibody-mediated TTP. SUMMARY Significant progress has been made in our understandings of the structure-function relationship of ADAMTS13 in the past decade. To further investigate ADAMTS13-VWF interactions for medical applications, these interactions must be studied under physiological conditions in vivo.
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Liu Y, Yasukawa M, Chen K, Hu L, Broaddus RR, Ding L, Mardis ER, Spellman P, Levine DA, Mills GB, Shmulevich I, Sood AK, Zhang W. Association of Somatic Mutations of ADAMTS Genes With Chemotherapy Sensitivity and Survival in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. JAMA Oncol 2016; 1:486-94. [PMID: 26181259 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Chemotherapy response in the majority of patients with ovarian cancer remains unpredictable. OBJECTIVE To identify novel molecular markers for predicting chemotherapy response in patients with ovarian cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Observational study of genomics and clinical data of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cases with genomic and clinical data made public between 2009 and 2014 via the Cancer Genome Atlas project. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Chemotherapy response (primary outcome) and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and platinum-free duration (secondary outcome). RESULTS In 512 patients with ovarian cancer with available whole-exome sequencing data, mutations from 8 members of the ADAMTS family (ADAMTS mutations) with an overall mutation rate of approximately 10.4% were associated with a significantly higher chemotherapy sensitivity (100% for ADAMTS-mutated vs 64% for ADAMTS wild-type cases; P < .001) and longer platinum-free duration (median platinum-free duration, 21.7 months for ADAMTS-mutated vs 10.1 months for ADAMTS wild-type cases; P = .001). Moreover, ADAMTS mutations were associated with significantly better OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54 [95% CI, 0.42-0.89]; P = .01 and median OS, 58.0 months for ADAMTS-mutated vs 41.3 months for ADAMTS wild-type cases) and PFS (HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.38-0.70]; P < .001 and median PFS, 31.8 for ADAMTS-mutated vs 15.3 months for ADAMTS wild-type cases). After adjustment by BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, surgical stage, residual tumor, and patient age, ADAMTS mutations were significantly associated with better OS (HR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.32-0.87]; P = .01), PFS (HR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.25-0.62]; P < .001), and platinum-free survival (HR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.28-0.73]; P = .001). ADAMTS-mutated cases exhibited a distinct mutation spectrum and were significantly associated with tumors with a higher genome-wide mutation rate than ADAMTS wild-type cases across the whole exome (median mutation number per sample, 121 for ADAMTS-mutated vs 69 for ADAMTS wild-type cases; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE ADAMTS mutations may contribute to outcomes in ovarian cancer cases without BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston2Institute for Systems Biology/MD Anderson Cancer Center Genome Data Analysis Center, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maya Yasukawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Limei Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Russell R Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Li Ding
- Genome Institute, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Paul Spellman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ilya Shmulevich
- Institute for Systems Biology/MD Anderson Cancer Center Genome Data Analysis Center, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Bethesda, Maryland9Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston11Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston2Institute for Systems Biology/MD Anderson Cancer Center Genome Data Analysis Center, The Cancer Genome Atlas, Bethesda, Maryland
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15
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Craig VJ, Zhang L, Hagood JS, Owen CA. Matrix metalloproteinases as therapeutic targets for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 53:585-600. [PMID: 26121236 PMCID: PMC4742954 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0020tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a restrictive lung disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current medical therapies are not fully effective at limiting mortality in patients with IPF, and new therapies are urgently needed. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteinases that, together, can degrade all components of the extracellular matrix and numerous nonmatrix proteins. MMPs and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF based upon the results of clinical studies reporting elevated levels of MMPs (including MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-8, and MMP-9) in IPF blood and/or lung samples. Surprisingly, studies of gene-targeted mice in murine models of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) have demonstrated that most MMPs promote (rather than inhibit) the development of PF and have identified diverse mechanisms involved. These mechanisms include MMPs: (1) promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMP-3 and MMP-7); (2) increasing lung levels or activity of profibrotic mediators or reducing lung levels of antifibrotic mediators (MMP-3, MMP-7, and MMP-8); (3) promoting abnormal epithelial cell migration and other aberrant repair processes (MMP-3 and MMP-9); (4) inducing the switching of lung macrophage phenotypes from M1 to M2 types (MMP-10 and MMP-28); and (5) promoting fibrocyte migration (MMP-8). Two MMPs, MMP-13 and MMP-19, have antifibrotic activities in murine models of PF, and two MMPs, MMP-1 and MMP-10, have the potential to limit fibrotic responses to injury. Herein, we review what is known about the contributions of MMPs and TIMPs to the pathogenesis of IPF and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J. Craig
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James S. Hagood
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California, and
- Rady Children’s Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, California; and
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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16
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Ambrosino N, Casaburi R, Chetta A, Clini E, Donner CF, Dreher M, Goldstein R, Jubran A, Nici L, Owen CA, Rochester C, Tobin MJ, Vagheggini G, Vitacca M, ZuWallack R. 8th international conference on management and rehabilitation of chronic respiratory failure: the long summaries – part 1. Multidiscip Respir Med 2015. [PMCID: PMC4595244 DOI: 10.1186/s40248-015-0026-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes the Part 1 of the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Management and Rehabilitation of Chronic Respiratory Failure, held in Pescara, Italy, on 7 and 8 May, 2015. It summarizes the contributions from numerous experts in the field of chronic respiratory disease and chronic respiratory failure. The outline follows the temporal sequence of presentations. This paper (Part 1) includes sections regarding: Advances in Asthma and COPD Therapy (Novel Therapeutic Targets for Asthma: Proteinases, Blood Biomarker Changes in COPD Patients); The problem of Hospital Re-Admission following Discharge after the COPD Exacerbation (Characteristics of the Hospitalized COPD Patient, Reducing Hospital Readmissions Following COPD Exacerbation).
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17
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Inhibition of aggrecanases as a therapeutic strategy in osteoarthritis. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1399-412. [PMID: 25329196 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a large effort to target aggrecanases, which are responsible for the degradation of the aggrecan in the extracellular matrix of joints, in order to hopefully lead to new treatments for osteoarthritis. Only a few inhibitors have been effective in explants or rodent models and thus only a few have reached the clinic, none of which have proven to be effective. In this article, a survey of chemical series is described, covering historical and recent inhibitors and highlighting how some of their problems were resolved, with a critical overview of the challenges encountered. A large effort should be undertaken in designing smaller compounds with higher residence times, defining new interaction sites on the aggrecanases and exploiting target flexibility.
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18
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Dubail J, Apte SS. Insights on ADAMTS proteases and ADAMTS-like proteins from mammalian genetics. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:24-37. [PMID: 25770910 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian ADAMTS superfamily comprises 19 secreted metalloproteinases and 7 ADAMTS-like proteins, each the product of a distinct gene. Thus far, all appear to be relevant to extracellular matrix function or to cell-matrix interactions. Most ADAMTS functions first emerged from analysis of spontaneous human and animal mutations and genetically engineered animals. The clinical manifestations of Mendelian disorders resulting from mutations in ADAMTS2, ADAMTS10, ADAMTS13, ADAMTS17, ADAMTSL2 and ADAMTSL4 identified essential roles for each gene, but also suggested potential cooperative functions of ADAMTS proteins. These observations were extended by analysis of spontaneous animal mutations, such as in bovine ADAMTS2, canine ADAMTS10, ADAMTS17 and ADAMTSL2 and mouse ADAMTS20. These human and animal disorders are recessive and their manifestations appear to result from a loss-of-function mechanism. Genome-wide analyses have determined an association of some ADAMTS loci such as ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS7, with specific traits and acquired disorders. Analysis of genetically engineered rodent mutations, now achieved for over half the superfamily, has provided novel biological insights and animal models for the respective human genetic disorders and suggested potential candidate genes for related human phenotypes. Engineered mouse mutants have been interbred to generate combinatorial mutants, uncovering cooperative functions of ADAMTS proteins in morphogenesis. Specific genetic models have provided crucial insights on mechanisms of osteoarthritis (OA), a common adult-onset degenerative condition. Engineered mutants will facilitate interpretation of exome variants identified in isolated birth defects and rare genetic conditions, as well as in genome-wide screens for trait and disease associations. Mammalian forward and reverse genetics, together with genome-wide analysis, together constitute a powerful force for revealing the functions of ADAMTS proteins in physiological pathways and health disorders. Their continuing use, together with genome-editing technology and the ability to generate stem cells from mutants, presents numerous opportunities for advancing basic knowledge, human disease pathways and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Dubail
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Bauer RC, Tohyama J, Cui J, Cheng L, Yang J, Zhang X, Ou K, Paschos GK, Zheng XL, Parmacek MS, Rader DJ, Reilly MP. Knockout of Adamts7, a novel coronary artery disease locus in humans, reduces atherosclerosis in mice. Circulation 2015; 131:1202-1213. [PMID: 25712206 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.012669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have established ADAMTS7 as a locus for coronary artery disease in humans. However, these studies fail to provide directionality for the association between ADAMTS7 and coronary artery disease. Previous reports have implicated ADAMTS7 in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell migration, but a role for and the direction of impact of this gene in atherogenesis have not been shown in relevant model systems. METHODS AND RESULTS We bred an Adamts7 whole-body knockout mouse onto both the Ldlr and Apoe knockout hyperlipidemic mouse models. Adamts7(-/-)/Ldlr(-/-) and Adamts7(-/-)/Apoe(-/-) mice displayed significant reductions in lesion formation in aortas and aortic roots compared with controls. Adamts7 knockout mice also showed reduced neointimal formation after femoral wire injury. Adamts7 expression was induced in response to injury and hyperlipidemia but was absent at later time points, and primary Adamts7 knockout vascular smooth muscle cells showed reduced migration in the setting of tumor necrosis factor-α stimulation. ADAMTS7 localized to cells positive for smooth muscle cell markers in human coronary artery disease lesions, and subcellular localization studies in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells placed ADAMTS7 at the cytoplasm and cell membrane, where it colocalized with markers of podosomes. CONCLUSIONS These data represent the first in vivo experimental validation of the association of Adamts7 with atherogenesis, likely through modulation of vascular cell migration and matrix in atherosclerotic lesions. These results demonstrate that Adamts7 is proatherogenic, lending directionality to the original genetic association and supporting the concept that pharmacological inhibition of ADAMTS7 should be atheroprotective in humans, making it an attractive target for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Bauer
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Junichiro Tohyama
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jian Cui
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lan Cheng
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jifu Yang
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kristy Ou
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Georgios K Paschos
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA
| | - X Long Zheng
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael S Parmacek
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Philadelphia, PA.,The Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA.,The Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, PA
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20
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Zheng XL. Structure-function and regulation of ADAMTS-13 protease. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11 Suppl 1:11-23. [PMID: 23809107 PMCID: PMC3713533 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ADAMTS-13, a plasma reprolysin-like metalloprotease, cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF). Severe deficiency of plasma ADAMTS-13 activity results in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), while mild to moderate deficiencies of plasma ADAMTS-13 activity are emerging risk factors for developing myocardial and cerebral infarction, pre-eclampsia, and malignant malaria. Moreover, Adamts13(-/-) mice develop more severe inflammatory responses, leading to increased ischemia/perfusion injury and formation of atherosclerosis. Structure-function studies demonstrate that the N-terminal portion of ADAMTS-13 (MDTCS) is necessary and sufficient for proteolytic cleavage of VWF under various conditions and attenuation of arterial/venous thrombosis after oxidative injury. The more distal portion of ADAMTS-13 (TSP1 2-8 repeats and CUB domains) may function as a disulfide bond reductase to prevent an elongation of ultra-large VWF strings on activated endothelial cells and inhibit platelet adhesion/aggregation on collagen surface under flow. Remarkably, the proteolytic cleavage of VWF by ADAMTS-13 is accelerated by FVIII and platelets under fluid shear stress. A disruption of the interactions between FVIII (or platelet glycoprotein 1bα) and VWF dramatically impairs ADAMTS-13-dependent proteolysis of VWF in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that FVIII and platelets may be physiological cofactors regulating VWF proteolysis. Finally, the structure-function and autoantibody mapping studies allow us to identify an ADAMTS-13 variant with increased specific activity but reduced inhibition by autoantibodies in patients with acquired TTP. Together, these findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of VWF proteolysis and tools for the therapy of acquired TTP and perhaps other arterial thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Kumar S, Rao N, Ge R. Emerging Roles of ADAMTSs in Angiogenesis and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2012; 4:1252-99. [PMID: 24213506 PMCID: PMC3712723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers4041252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A Disintegrin-like And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs—ADAMTSs—are a multi-domain, secreted, extracellular zinc metalloproteinase family with 19 members in humans. These extracellular metalloproteinases are known to cleave a wide range of substrates in the extracellular matrix. They have been implicated in various physiological processes, such as extracellular matrix turnover, melanoblast development, interdigital web regression, blood coagulation, ovulation, etc. ADAMTSs are also critical in pathological processes such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, cancer, angiogenesis, wound healing, etc. In the past few years, there has been an explosion of reports concerning the role of ADAMTS family members in angiogenesis and cancer. To date, 10 out of the 19 members have been demonstrated to be involved in regulating angiogenesis and/or cancer. The mechanism involved in their regulation of angiogenesis or cancer differs among different members. Both angiogenesis-dependent and -independent regulation of cancer have been reported. This review summarizes our current understanding on the roles of ADAMTS in angiogenesis and cancer and highlights their implications in cancer therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saran Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Abstract
A disintegrin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-16 (Adamts16) is an important candidate gene for hypertension. The goal of the present study was to further assess the candidacy of Adamts16 by targeted disruption of this gene in a rat genetic model of hypertension. A rat model was generated by manipulating the genome of the Dahl Salt-sensitive (S) rat using zinc-finger nucleases, wherein the mutant rat had a 17 bp deletion in the first exon of Adamts16, introducing a stop codon in the transcript. Systolic blood pressure (BP) of the homozygous Adamts16(mutant) rats was lower by 36 mmHg compared with the BP of the S rats. The Adamts16(mutant) rats exhibited significantly lower aortic pulse wave velocity and vascular media thickness compared with S rats. Scanning electron and fluorescence microscopic studies indicated that the mechanosensory cilia of vascular endothelial cells from the Adamts16(mutant) rats were longer than that of the S rats. Furthermore, Adamts16(mutant) rats showed splitting and thickening of glomerular capillaries and had a longer survival rate, compared with the S rats. Taken together, these physiological observations functionally link Adamts16 to BP regulation and suggest the vasculature as the potential site of action of Adamts16 to lower BP.
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Structural basis for the sheddase function of human meprin β metalloproteinase at the plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16131-6. [PMID: 22988105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211076109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectodomain shedding at the cell surface is a major mechanism to regulate the extracellular and circulatory concentration or the activities of signaling proteins at the plasma membrane. Human meprin β is a 145-kDa disulfide-linked homodimeric multidomain type-I membrane metallopeptidase that sheds membrane-bound cytokines and growth factors, thereby contributing to inflammatory diseases, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. In addition, it cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the β-secretase site, giving rise to amyloidogenic peptides. We have solved the X-ray crystal structure of a major fragment of the meprin β ectoprotein, the first of a multidomain oligomeric transmembrane sheddase, and of its zymogen. The meprin β dimer displays a compact shape, whose catalytic domain undergoes major rearrangement upon activation, and reveals an exosite and a sugar-rich channel, both of which possibly engage in substrate binding. A plausible structure-derived working mechanism suggests that substrates such as APP are shed close to the plasma membrane surface following an "N-like" chain trace.
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