1
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Suzuki M, Fujimori H, Wakatsuki K, Manaka Y, Asai H, Hyodo M, Matsuno Y, Kusumoto-Matsuo R, Shiroishi M, Yoshioka KI. Genome destabilization-associated phenotypes arising as a consequence of therapeutic treatment are suppressed by Olaparib. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281168. [PMID: 36706121 PMCID: PMC9882903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancy is often associated with therapeutic resistance and metastasis, usually arising after therapeutic treatment. These include radio- and chemo-therapies, which cause cancer cell death by inducing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). However, it is still unclear how resistance to these DSBs is induced and whether it can be suppressed. Here, we show that DSBs induced by camptothecin (CPT) and radiation jeopardize genome stability in surviving cancer cells, ultimately leading to the development of resistance. Further, we show that cytosolic DNA, accumulating as a consequence of genomic destabilization, leads to increased cGAS/STING-pathway activation and, ultimately, increased cell migration, a precursor of metastasis. Interestingly, these genomic destabilization-associated phenotypes were suppressed by the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. Recognition of DSBs by Rad51 and genomic destabilization were largely reduced by Olaparib, while the DNA damage response and cancer cell death were effectively increased. Thus, Olaparib decreases the risk of therapeutic resistance and cell migration of cells that survive radio- and CPT-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafuka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujimori
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kakeru Wakatsuki
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Manaka
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of NCC Cancer Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Asai
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of NCC Cancer Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Hyodo
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuno
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Kusumoto-Matsuo
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Shiroishi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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2
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Yoshioka KI, Kusumoto-Matsuo R, Matsuno Y, Ishiai M. Genomic Instability and Cancer Risk Associated with Erroneous DNA Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12254. [PMID: 34830134 PMCID: PMC8625880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancers develop as a consequence of genomic instability, which induces genomic rearrangements and nucleotide mutations. Failure to correct DNA damage in DNA repair defective cells, such as in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutated backgrounds, is directly associated with increased cancer risk. Genomic rearrangement is generally a consequence of erroneous repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), though paradoxically, many cancers develop in the absence of DNA repair defects. DNA repair systems are essential for cell survival, and in cancers deficient in one repair pathway, other pathways can become upregulated. In this review, we examine the current literature on genomic alterations in cancer cells and the association between these alterations and DNA repair pathway inactivation and upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.K.-M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Rika Kusumoto-Matsuo
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.K.-M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yusuke Matsuno
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (R.K.-M.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ishiai
- Central Radioisotope Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
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3
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Yoshioka KI, Matsuno Y. Genomic destabilization and its associated mutagenesis increase with senescence-associated phenotype expression. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:515-522. [PMID: 33222327 PMCID: PMC7893996 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer develops through multiple rounds of clonal evolution of cells with abrogated defense systems. Such clonal evolution is triggered by genomic destabilization with associated mutagenesis. However, what increases the risk of genomic destabilization remains unclear. Genomic instability is usually the result of erroneous repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSB); paradoxically, however, most cancers develop with genomic instability but lack mutations in DNA repair systems. In this manuscript, we review current knowledge regarding a cellular state that increases the risk of genomic destabilization, in which cells exhibit phenotypes often observed during senescence. In addition, we explore the pathways that lead to genomic destabilization and its associated mutagenesis, which ultimately result in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuno
- Laboratory of Genome Stability Maintenance, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Carullo G, Mazzotta S, Koch A, Hartmann KM, Friedrich O, Gilbert DF, Vega-Holm M, Schneider-Stock R, Aiello F. New Oleoyl Hybrids of Natural Antioxidants: Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation as Inducers of Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111077. [PMID: 33153029 PMCID: PMC7692320 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the beneficial role of a healthy lifestyle, particularly emphasizing the quality of foods and cancer management, is accepted worldwide. Polyphenols and oleic acid play a key role in this context, but are still scarcely used as anti-cancer agents due to their bio-accessibility limits. Therefore, we aimed to synthesize a set of new oleoyl-hybrids of quercetin, morin, pinocembrin, and catechin to overcome the low bioavailability of polyphenols, throughout a bio-catalytic approach using pancreatic porcine lipase as a catalyst. The in vitro assays, using a wide panel of human cancer cell lines showed, mainly for two novel regioisomer oleoyl-hybrids of quercetin, a remarkable increase in apoptotic cell populations. We suggested that the DNA damage shown as ɣH2AX signals might be the major cause of apoptotic cell death. Finally, we demonstrated convincing data about two novel polyphenol-based hybrids displaying a highly selective anti-cancer cytotoxicity and being superior compared to their reference/parental compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41071 Seville, Spain;
| | - Adrian Koch
- Institiute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Universitätsstr. 22, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Experimental Tumorpathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Universitätsstr. 22, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristin M. Hartmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (K.M.H.); (O.F.); (D.F.G.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (K.M.H.); (O.F.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Daniel F. Gilbert
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (K.M.H.); (O.F.); (D.F.G.)
| | - Margarita Vega-Holm
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González 2, 41071 Seville, Spain;
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Institiute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Universitätsstr. 22, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Experimental Tumorpathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Universitätsstr. 22, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.S.-S.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Correspondence: (R.S.-S.); (F.A.)
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5
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Resveratrol and its Related Polyphenols Contribute to the Maintenance of Genome Stability. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5388. [PMID: 32214146 PMCID: PMC7096489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62292-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic destabilisation is associated with the induction of mutations, including those in cancer-driver genes, and subsequent clonal evolution of cells with abrogated defence systems. Such mutations are not induced when genome stability is maintained; however, the mechanisms involved in genome stability maintenance remain elusive. Here, resveratrol (and related polyphenols) is shown to enhance genome stability in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, ultimately protecting the cells against the induction of mutations in the ARF/p53 pathway. Replication stress-associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that accumulated with genomic destabilisation were effectively reduced by resveratrol treatment. In addition, resveratrol transiently stabilised the expression of histone H2AX, which is involved in DSB repair. Similar effects on the maintenance of genome stability were observed for related polyphenols. Accordingly, we propose that polyphenol consumption can contribute to the suppression of cancers that develop with genomic instability, as well as lifespan extension.
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6
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Fujimori H, Hyodo M, Matsuno Y, Shimizu A, Minakawa Y, Atsumi Y, Nakatsu Y, Tsuzuki T, Murakami Y, Yoshioka KI. Mismatch repair dependence of replication stress-associated DSB recognition and repair. Heliyon 2019; 5:e03057. [PMID: 32083205 PMCID: PMC7019108 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancers develop with one of two types of genomic instability, namely, chromosomal instability (CIN) or microsatellite instability (MSI). Both are induced by replication stress-associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The type of genomic instability that arises is dependent on the choice of DNA repair pathway. Specifically, MSI is induced via a PolQ-dependent repair pathway called microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) in a mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient background. However, it is unclear how the MMR status determines the choice of DSB repair pathway. Here, we show that replication stress-associated DSBs initially targeted by the homologous recombination (HR) system were subsequently hijacked by PolQ-dependent MMEJ in MMR-deficient cells, but persisted as HR intermediates in MMR-proficient cells. PolQ interacting with MMR factors was effectively loaded onto damaged chromatin in an MMR-deficient background, in which merged MRE11/γH2AX foci also effectively formed. Thus, the choice of DNA repair pathway according to the MMR status determines whether CIN or MSI is induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Fujimori
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Mai Hyodo
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuno
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Minakawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Atsumi
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuzuki
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Murakami
- Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshioka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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7
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Yoshioka KI, Matsuno Y, Hyodo M, Fujimori H. Genomic-Destabilization-Associated Mutagenesis and Clonal Evolution of Cells with Mutations in Tumor-Suppressor Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111643. [PMID: 31653100 PMCID: PMC6895985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer is driven by genomic instability and mutations. In general, cancer develops via multiple steps. Each step involves the clonal evolution of cells with abrogated defense systems, such as cells with mutations in cancer-suppressor genes. However, it remains unclear how cellular defense systems are abrogated and the associated clonal evolution is triggered and propagated. In this manuscript, we review current knowledge regarding mutagenesis associated with genomic destabilization and its relationship with the clonal evolution of cells over the course of cancer development, focusing especially on mechanistic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Yoshioka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Matsuno
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Mai Hyodo
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Haruka Fujimori
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
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8
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Matsuno Y, Atsumi Y, Shimizu A, Katayama K, Fujimori H, Hyodo M, Minakawa Y, Nakatsu Y, Kaneko S, Hamamoto R, Shimamura T, Miyano S, Tsuzuki T, Hanaoka F, Yoshioka KI. Replication stress triggers microsatellite destabilization and hypermutation leading to clonal expansion in vitro. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3925. [PMID: 31477700 PMCID: PMC6718401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancers are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI) and hypermutation. However, it remains unclear how MSI and hypermutation arise and contribute to cancer development. Here, we show that MSI and hypermutation are triggered by replication stress in an MMR-deficient background, enabling clonal expansion of cells harboring ARF/p53-module mutations and cells that are resistant to the anti-cancer drug camptothecin. While replication stress-associated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused chromosomal instability (CIN) in an MMR-proficient background, they induced MSI with concomitant suppression of CIN via a PARP-mediated repair pathway in an MMR-deficient background. This was associated with the induction of mutations, including cancer-driver mutations in the ARF/p53 module, via chromosomal deletions and base substitutions. Immortalization of MMR-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in association with ARF/p53-module mutations was ~60-fold more efficient than that of wild-type MEFs. Thus, replication stress-triggered MSI and hypermutation efficiently lead to clonal expansion of cells with abrogated defense systems. Mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient cancers are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI) and hypermutation. Here authors reveal a mechanism by which replication stress induces MSI and associated induction of mutations in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuno
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuko Atsumi
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kotoe Katayama
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujimori
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Mai Hyodo
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yusuke Minakawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Syuzo Kaneko
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Cancer Translational Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Tsurumai-cho, Syouwa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuzuki
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumio Hanaoka
- Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan.,National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshioka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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9
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Keil M, Meyer MT, Dannheisig DP, Maerz LD, Philipp M, Pfister AS. Loss of Peter Pan protein is associated with cell cycle defects and apoptotic events. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:882-895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Bhuvanalakshmi G, Gamit N, Patil M, Arfuso F, Sethi G, Dharmarajan A, Kumar AP, Warrier S. Stemness, Pluripotentiality, and Wnt Antagonism: sFRP4, a Wnt antagonist Mediates Pluripotency and Stemness in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:E25. [PMID: 30591679 PMCID: PMC6356444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic resistance of glioblastoma has been attributed to a self-renewing subpopulation, the glioma stem cells (GSCs), which is known to be maintained by the Wnt β-catenin pathway. Our previous findings demonstrated that exogeneous addition of the Wnt antagonist, secreted fizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) hampered stem cell properties in GSCs. METHODS To understand the molecular mechanism of sFRP4, we overexpressed sFRP4 (sFRP4 OE) in three human glioblastoma cell lines U87MG, U138MG, and U373MG. We also performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing of sFRP4 OE and RNA sequencing of sFRP4 OE and sFRP4 knocked down U87 cells. RESULTS We observed nuclear localization of sFRP4, suggesting an unknown nuclear role. ChIP-sequencing of sFRP4 pulldown DNA revealed a homeobox Cphx1, related to the senescence regulator ETS proto-oncogene 2 (ETS2). Furthermore, miRNA885, a p53-mediated apoptosis inducer, was upregulated in sFRP4 OE cells. RNA sequencing analysis suggested that sFRP4-mediated apoptosis is via the Fas-p53 pathway by activating the Wnt calcium and reactive oxygen species pathways. Interestingly, sFRP4 OE cells had decreased stemness, but when knocked down in multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, pluripotentiality was induced and the Wnt β-catenin pathway was upregulated. CONCLUSIONS This study unveils a novel nuclear role for sFRP4 to promote apoptosis by a possible activation of DNA damage machinery in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurubharathi Bhuvanalakshmi
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular and Neuronal Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
| | - Naisarg Gamit
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular and Neuronal Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
| | - Manasi Patil
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular and Neuronal Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Cancer Program, Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular and Neuronal Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560 065, India.
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11
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Davient B, Ng JPZ, Xiao Q, Li L, Yang L. Comparative Transcriptomics Unravels Prodigiosin's Potential Cancer-Specific Activity Between Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells and Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:573. [PMID: 30568916 PMCID: PMC6290060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is extremely lethal upon metastasis and requires safe and effective systemic therapies to improve a patient's prognosis. Prodigiosin (PG) appears to selectively and effectively target cancer but not healthy cells. However, PG's cancer-specific activity has remained elusive until recently. Methods: PG's cancer-specific performance was compared to Docetaxel (DTX), Paclitaxel (PTX), and Doxorubicin (DOX) against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human small airway epithelial cells (HSAEC). Combination of PG with DTX, PTX, or DOX in a 1:1 ED50 ratio was also evaluated. MTT assay was used to determine the post-treatment cell viability. RNA-sequencing was used for comparative transcriptomics analysis between A549 and HSAEC treated with 1.0 μM PG for 24 h. Results: PG reduced A549 cell viability by four-folds greater than HSAEC. In comparison to DTX, PTX and DOX, PG was ~1.7 times more toxic toward A549, and 2.5 times more protective toward HSAEC. Combination of PG in a 1:1 ED50 ratio with DTX, PTX, or DOX failed to exhibit synergistic toxicity toward A549 or protection toward HSAEC. In A549, genes associated in DNA replication were downregulated, while genes directly or indirectly associated in lipid and cholesterol biogenesis were upregulated. In HSAEC, co-upregulation of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive genes was observed. Conclusion: An overactive lipid and cholesterol biogenesis could have caused A549's autophagy, while a balancing-act between genes of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive nature could have conferred HSAEC heightened survival. Overall, PG appears to be a smart chemotherapeutic agent that may be both safe and effective for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Davient
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessica Pei Zhen Ng
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Respiratory Medicine, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Matsuno Y, Hyodo M, Fujimori H, Shimizu A, Yoshioka KI. Sensitization of Cancer Cells to Radiation and Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Camptothecin Using Inhibitors of PARP and Other Signaling Molecules. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100364. [PMID: 30274183 PMCID: PMC6210148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation and certain anticancer drugs damage DNA, resulting in apoptosis induction in cancer cells. Currently, the major limitations on the efficacy of such therapies are development of resistance and adverse side effects. Sensitization is an important strategy for increasing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. In this manuscript, we review possible sensitization strategies for radiation and anticancer drugs that cause DNA damage, focusing especially on modulation of damage repair pathways and the associated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuno
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Mai Hyodo
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Haruka Fujimori
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshioka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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13
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Zhuo M, Gorgun MF, Englander EW. Neurotoxicity of cytarabine (Ara-C) in dorsal root ganglion neurons originates from impediment of mtDNA synthesis and compromise of mitochondrial function. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:9-19. [PMID: 29698743 PMCID: PMC5971160 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) neurotoxicity caused by cancer drugs hinders attainment of chemotherapy goals. Due to leakiness of the blood nerve barrier, circulating chemotherapeutic drugs reach PNS neurons and adversely affect their function. Chemotherapeutic drugs are designed to target dividing cancer cells and mechanisms underlying their toxicity in postmitotic neurons remain to be fully clarified. The objective of this work was to elucidate progression of events triggered by antimitotic drugs in postmitotic neurons. For proof of mechanism study, we chose cytarabine (ara-C), an antimetabolite used in treatment of hematological cancers. Ara-C is a cytosine analog that terminates DNA synthesis. To investigate how ara-C affects postmitotic neurons, which replicate mitochondrial but not genomic DNA, we adapted a model of Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) neurons. We showed that DNA polymerase γ, which is responsible for mtDNA synthesis, is inhibited by ara-C and that sublethal ara-C exposure of DRG neurons leads to reduction in mtDNA content, ROS generation, oxidative mtDNA damage formation, compromised mitochondrial respiration and diminution of NADPH and GSH stores, as well as, activation of the DNA damage response. Hence, it is plausible that in ara-C exposed DRG neurons, ROS amplified by the high mitochondrial content shifts from physiologic to pathologic levels signaling stress to the nucleus. Combined, the findings suggest that ara-C neurotoxicity in DRG neurons originates in mitochondria and that continuous mtDNA synthesis and reliance on oxidative phosphorylation for energy needs sensitize the highly metabolic neurons to injury by mtDNA synthesis terminating cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Murat F Gorgun
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ella W Englander
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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14
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Quin J, Chan KT, Devlin JR, Cameron DP, Diesch J, Cullinane C, Ahern J, Khot A, Hein N, George AJ, Hannan KM, Poortinga G, Sheppard KE, Khanna KK, Johnstone RW, Drygin D, McArthur GA, Pearson RB, Sanij E, Hannan RD. Inhibition of RNA polymerase I transcription initiation by CX-5461 activates non-canonical ATM/ATR signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49800-49818. [PMID: 27391441 PMCID: PMC5226549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase I (Pol I)-mediated transcription of the ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) is confined to the nucleolus and is a rate-limiting step for cell growth and proliferation. Inhibition of Pol I by CX-5461 can selectively induce p53-mediated apoptosis of tumour cells in vivo. Currently, CX-5461 is in clinical trial for patients with advanced haematological malignancies (Peter Mac, Melbourne). Here we demonstrate that CX-5461 also induces p53-independent cell cycle checkpoints mediated by ATM/ATR signaling in the absence of DNA damage. Further, our data demonstrate that the combination of drugs targeting ATM/ATR signaling and CX-5461 leads to enhanced therapeutic benefit in treating p53-null tumours in vivo, which are normally refractory to each drug alone. Mechanistically, we show that CX-5461 induces an unusual chromatin structure in which transcriptionally competent relaxed rDNA repeats are devoid of transcribing Pol I leading to activation of ATM signaling within the nucleoli. Thus, we propose that acute inhibition of Pol transcription initiation by CX-5461 induces a novel nucleolar stress response that can be targeted to improve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Quin
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keefe T Chan
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Devlin
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Biomedicum 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Donald P Cameron
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeannine Diesch
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Josep Carreras Institute for Leukaemia Research (IJC), Campus ICO-HGTP, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Ahern
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amit Khot
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadine Hein
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Amee J George
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherine M Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Gretchen Poortinga
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen E Sheppard
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane City, Qld, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Grant A McArthur
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross D Hannan
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Cuya SM, Comeaux EQ, Wanzeck K, Yoon KJ, van Waardenburg RCAM. Dysregulated human Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I acts as cellular toxin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86660-86674. [PMID: 27893431 PMCID: PMC5349943 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (TDP1) hydrolyzes the drug-stabilized 3’phospho-tyrosyl bond formed between DNA topoisomerase I (TOPO1) and DNA. TDP1-mediated hydrolysis uses a nucleophilic histidine (Hisnuc) and a general acid/base histidine (Hisgab). A Tdp1Hisgab to Arg mutant identified in patients with the autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease SCAN1 causes stabilization of the TDP1-DNA intermediate. Based on our previously reported Hisgab-substitutions inducing yeast toxicity (Gajewski et al. J. Mol. Biol. 415, 741-758, 2012), we propose that converting TDP1 into a cellular poison by stabilizing the covalent enzyme-DNA intermediate is a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we analyzed the toxic effects of two TDP1 catalytic mutants in HEK293 cells. Expression of human Tdp1HisnucAla and Tdp1HisgabAsn mutants results in stabilization of the covalent TDP1-DNA intermediate and induces cytotoxicity. Moreover, these mutants display reduced in vitro catalytic activity compared to wild type. Co-treatment of Tdp1mutant with topotecan shows more than additive cytotoxicity. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that stabilization of the TDP1-DNA covalent intermediate is a potential anti-cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma M Cuya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
| | - Evan Q Comeaux
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA.,Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Keith Wanzeck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0001, USA
| | - Karina J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, USA
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16
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Walter L, Pujada A, Bhatnagar N, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW, Laroui H, Garg P. Epithelial derived-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) exhibits a novel defensive role of tumor suppressor in colitis associated cancer by activating MMP9-Notch1-ARF-p53 axis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:364-378. [PMID: 27861153 PMCID: PMC5352126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis associated cancer (CAC) is chronic inflammation driven colon cancer, prevalent among individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP9) is one of the essential regulators of extra cellular matrix components. We have shown that MMP9 is protective in CAC contrary to its inflammatory role in acute-colitis. Aim of our study is to identify the mechanism of the protective role of epithelial derived-MMP9 in CAC. We used homozygous transgenic mice constitutively-expressing MMP9 in colonic-epithelium (TgM9) and wild-type (WT) littermates for in vivo experiments. Stably-transfected HCT116 with/without MMP9, and mouse embryonic-fibroblasts (WT and MMP9−/−, MEFs) were used for in vitro experiments. TgM9 mice exhibited less tumor burden, increased apoptosis, and increased expressions of active-Notch1, p53, p21WAF1/Cip1, caspase-3 and cyclin E in CAC compared to WTs. These results were supported by MEFs data. HCT116-cells overexpressing MMP9 indicated decreased cell proliferation, S-phase cell-cycle arrest and less DNA damage compared to vector. MMP9−/− mice showed attenuation of MMP9 was directly associated with p19ARF. Our study identifies the tumor suppressor role of epithelial derived-MMP9 in CAC via novel mechanistic pathway “MMP9-Notch1-ARF-p53 axis” regulating apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and DNA damage implying, that MMP9 expression might be a natural/biological way to suppress colonic ulceration due to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewins Walter
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adani Pujada
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hamed Laroui
- Department of Chemistry/Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pallavi Garg
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Minakawa Y, Shimizu A, Matsuno Y, Yoshioka KI. Genomic Destabilization Triggered by Replication Stress during Senescence. Cancers (Basel) 2017. [PMCID: PMC5704177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancers develop after middle age, and are often associated with multiple mutations and genomic instability, implying that genomic destabilization is critical for age-related tumor development. In this manuscript, we review current knowledge regarding (1) the senescent cellular background, which is associated with a higher risk of genomic destabilization; and (2) the contributions of genomic destabilization to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Minakawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuno
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshioka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; (Y.M.); (A.S.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Cisplatin Toxicity in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Is Relieved by Meclizine via Diminution of Mitochondrial Compromise and Improved Clearance of DNA Damage. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7883-7895. [PMID: 27858292 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity of peripheral nervous system (PNS) hinders efficacy of cancer treatments. Mechanisms initiating PNS injury by anticancer drugs are incompletely understood delaying development of effective management strategies. To understand events triggered in PNS by cancer drugs, we exposed dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to cisplatin, a drug from platinum-based class of chemotherapeutics frequently implicated in peripheral neuropathies. While cisplatin enters cancer cells and forms cisplatin/DNA crosslinks that block cell proliferation, circulating cisplatin can also reach the PNS and produce crosslinks that impede critical DNA transactions in postmitotic neurons. Cisplatin forms crosslinks with both, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Crosslinks are repairable primarily via the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, which is present in nuclei but absent from mitochondrial compartment. Hence, high mitochondrial content and limited shielding by blood nerve barrier make DRG neurons particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial injury by cisplatin. We report that in DRG neurons, cisplatin elevates reactive oxygen species, depletes mtDNA, and impairs mitochondrial respiration, whereas concomitant meclizine supplementation preserves redox balance, attenuates mitochondrial compromise, and augments DNA repair. Meclizine is an antihistamine drug recently implicated in neuroprotection via modulation of energy metabolism. Our data demonstrate that in the mitochondria-rich DRG neurons, meclizine mitigates cisplatin-induced mitochondrial compromise via enhancement of pentose phosphate pathway and repletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione stores. The findings suggest that meclizine-mediated preservation of redox balance sustains mitochondrial respiration and supports execution of cellular processes, including timely removal of cisplatin crosslinks from nuclear DNA, thereby attenuating cisplatin toxicity in DRG neurons. Collectively, the findings reveal potential for pharmacologic modulation of dorsal root ganglion neurons metabolism for protection against toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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19
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Minakawa Y, Atsumi Y, Shinohara A, Murakami Y, Yoshioka KI. Gamma-irradiated quiescent cells repair directly induced double-strand breaks but accumulate persistent double-strand breaks during subsequent DNA replication. Genes Cells 2016; 21:789-97. [PMID: 27251002 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
H2AX is expressed at very low levels in quiescent normal cells in vivo and in vitro. Such cells repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by γ-irradiation through a transient stabilization of H2AX. However, the resultant cells accumulate small numbers of irreparable (or persistent) DSBs via an unknown mechanism. We found that quiescent cells that had repaired DSBs directly induced by γ-rays were prone to accumulate DSBs during the subsequent DNA replication. Unlike directly induced DSBs, secondary DSBs were not efficiently repaired, although Rad51 and 53BP1 were recruited to these sites. H2AX was dramatically stabilized in response to DSBs directly caused by γ-rays, enabling γH2AX foci formation and DSB repair, whereas H2AX was barely stabilized in response to secondary DSBs, in which γH2AX foci were small and DSBs were not efficiently repaired. Our results show a pathway that leads to the persistent DSB formation after γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Minakawa
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yuko Atsumi
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Division of Integrated Protein Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Murakami
- Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-1-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo, 125-8585, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yoshioka
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
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20
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Fujimori H, Sato A, Kikuhara S, Wang J, Hirai T, Sasaki Y, Murakami Y, Okayasu R, Masutani M. A comprehensive analysis of radiosensitization targets; functional inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 3B radiosensitizes by disrupting DNA damage regulation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18231. [PMID: 26667181 PMCID: PMC4678329 DOI: 10.1038/srep18231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive genome-wide screen of radiosensitization targets in HeLa cells was performed using a shRNA-library/functional cluster analysis and DNMT3B was identified as a candidate target. DNMT3B RNAi increased the sensitivity of HeLa, A549 and HCT116 cells to both γ-irradiation and carbon-ion beam irradiation. DNMT3B RNAi reduced the activation of DNA damage responses induced by γ-irradiation, including HP1β-, γH2AX- and Rad51-foci formation. DNMT3B RNAi impaired damage-dependent H2AX accumulation and showed a reduced level of γH2AX induction after γ-irradiation. DNMT3B interacted with HP1β in non-irradiated conditions, whereas irradiation abrogated the DNMT3B/HP1β complex but induced interaction between DNMT3B and H2AX. Consistent with radiosensitization, TP63, BAX, PUMA and NOXA expression was induced after γ-irradiation in DNMT3B knockdown cells. Together with the observation that H2AX overexpression canceled radiosensitization by DNMT3B RNAi, these results suggest that DNMT3B RNAi induced radiosensitization through impairment of damage-dependent HP1β foci formation and efficient γH2AX-induction mechanisms including H2AX accumulation. Enhanced radiosensitivity by DNMT3B RNAi was also observed in a tumor xenograft model. Taken together, the current study implies that comprehensive screening accompanied by a cluster analysis enabled the identification of radiosensitization targets. Downregulation of DNMT3B, one of the targets identified using this method, radiosensitizes cancer cells by disturbing multiple DNA damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Fujimori
- Division of Genome Stability Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Chemotherapy and Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Division of Genome Stability Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sota Kikuhara
- Division of Genome Stability Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Chemotherapy and Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Junhui Wang
- Division of Genome Stability Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 103-8501, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirai
- Division of Genome Stability Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Division of Chemotherapy and Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Murakami
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okayasu
- Open Laboratory/Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Division of Genome Stability Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Division of Chemotherapy and Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Department of Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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ATM and SIRT6/SNF2H Mediate Transient H2AX Stabilization When DSBs Form by Blocking HUWE1 to Allow Efficient γH2AX Foci Formation. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2728-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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22
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Yoshioka KI, Atsumi Y, Nakagama H, Teraoka H. Development of cancer-initiating cells and immortalized cells with genomic instability. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:483-489. [PMID: 25815132 PMCID: PMC4369504 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers that develop after middle age usually exhibit genomic instability and multiple mutations. This is in direct contrast to pediatric tumors that usually develop as a result of specific chromosomal translocations and epigenetic aberrations. The development of genomic instability is associated with mutations that contribute to cellular immortalization and transformation. Cancer occurs when cancer-initiating cells (CICs), also called cancer stem cells, develop as a result of these mutations. In this paper, we explore how CICs develop as a result of genomic instability, including looking at which cancer suppression mechanisms are abrogated. A recent in vitro study revealed the existence of a CIC induction pathway in differentiating stem cells. Under aberrant differentiation conditions, cells become senescent and develop genomic instabilities that lead to the development of CICs. The resulting CICs contain a mutation in the alternative reading frame of CDKN2A (ARF)/p53 module, i.e., in either ARF or p53. We summarize recently established knowledge of CIC development and cellular immortality, explore the role of the ARF/p53 module in protecting cells from transformation, and describe a risk factor for genomic destabilization that increases during the process of normal cell growth and differentiation and is associated with the downregulation of histone H2AX to levels representative of growth arrest in normal cells.
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H2AX phosphorylation regulated by p38 is involved in Bim expression and apoptosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells induced by imatinib. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1281-92. [PMID: 24830786 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that histone H2AX plays a critical role in regulation of tumor cell apoptosis and acts as a novel human tumor suppressor protein. However, the action of H2AX in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells is unknown. The detailed mechanism and epigenetic regulation by H2AX remain elusive in cancer cells. Here, we report that H2AX was involved in apoptosis of CML cells. Overexpression of H2AX increased apoptotic sensitivity of CML cells (K562) induced by imatinib. However, overexpression of Ser139-mutated H2AX (blocking phosphorylation) decreased sensitivity of K562 cells to apoptosis. Similarly, knockdown of H2AX made K562 cells resistant to apoptotic induction. These results revealed that the function of H2AX involved in apoptosis is strictly related to its phosphorylation (Ser139). Our data further indicated that imatinib may stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family member p38, and H2AX phosphorylation followed a similar time course, suggesting a parallel response. H2AX phosphorylation can be blocked by p38 siRNA or its inhibitor. These data demonstrated that H2AX phosphorylation was regulated by p38 MAPK pathway in K562 cells. However, the p38 MAPK downstream, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 and -2, which phosphorylated histone H3, were not required for H2AX phosphorylation during apoptosis. Finally, we provided epigenetic evidence that H2AX phosphorylation regulated apoptosis-related gene Bim expression. Blocking of H2AX phosphorylation inhibited Bim gene expression. Taken together, these data demonstrated that H2AX phosphorylation regulated by p38 is involved in Bim expression and apoptosis in CML cells induced by imatinib.
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24
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Chen L, Liu T, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wang X, Di W, Zhang S. Citrate synthase expression affects tumor phenotype and drug resistance in human ovarian carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115708. [PMID: 25545012 PMCID: PMC4278743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrate synthase (CS), one of the key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, catalyzes the reaction between oxaloacetic acid and acetyl coenzyme A to generate citrate. Increased CS has been observed in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we found higher CS expression in malignant ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer cell lines compared to benign ovarian tumors and normal human ovarian surface epithelium, respectively. CS knockdown by RNAi could result in the reduction of cell proliferation, and inhibition of invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. The drug resistance was also inhibited possibly through an excision repair cross complementing 1 (ERCC1)-dependent mechanism. Finally, upon CS knockdown we observed significant increase expression of multiple genes, including ISG15, IRF7, CASP7, and DDX58 in SKOV3 and A2780 cells by microarray analysis and real-time PCR. Taken together, these results suggested that CS might represent a potential therapeutic target for ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Wen Di
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WD); (SZ)
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WD); (SZ)
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