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Krishnacoumar B, Stenzel M, Garibagaoglu H, Omata Y, Sworn RL, Hofmann T, Ipseiz N, Czubala MA, Steffen U, Maccataio A, Stoll C, Böhm C, Herrmann M, Uderhardt S, Jenkins RH, Taylor PR, Grüneboom A, Zaiss MM, Schett G, Krönke G, Scholtysek C. Caspase-8 promotes scramblase-mediated phosphatidylserine exposure and fusion of osteoclast precursors. Bone Res 2024; 12:40. [PMID: 38987568 PMCID: PMC11237014 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient cellular fusion of mononuclear precursors is the prerequisite for the generation of fully functional multinucleated bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, the exact molecular factors and mechanisms controlling osteoclast fusion remain incompletely understood. Here we identify RANKL-mediated activation of caspase-8 as early key event during osteoclast fusion. Single cell RNA sequencing-based analyses suggested that activation of parts of the apoptotic machinery accompanied the differentiation of osteoclast precursors into mature multinucleated osteoclasts. A subsequent characterization of osteoclast precursors confirmed that RANKL-mediated activation of caspase-8 promoted the non-apoptotic cleavage and activation of downstream effector caspases that translocated to the plasma membrane where they triggered activation of the phospholipid scramblase Xkr8. Xkr8-mediated exposure of phosphatidylserine, in turn, aided cellular fusion of osteoclast precursors and thereby allowed generation of functional multinucleated osteoclast syncytia and initiation of bone resorption. Pharmacological blockage or genetic deletion of caspase-8 accordingly interfered with fusion of osteoclasts and bone resorption resulting in increased bone mass in mice carrying a conditional deletion of caspase-8 in mononuclear osteoclast precursors. These data identify a novel pathway controlling osteoclast biology and bone turnover with the potential to serve as target for therapeutic intervention during diseases characterized by pathologic osteoclast-mediated bone loss. Proposed model of osteoclast fusion regulated by caspase-8 activation and PS exposure. RANK/RANK-L interaction. Activation of procaspase-8 into caspase-8. Caspase-8 activates caspase-3. Active capase-3 cleaves Xkr8. Local PS exposure is induced. Exposed PS is recognized by the fusion partner. FUSION. PS is re-internalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Krishnacoumar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Biopsectroscopy, Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany.
- Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany.
| | - Martin Stenzel
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biopsectroscopy, Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Hilal Garibagaoglu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rachel L Sworn
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thea Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natacha Ipseiz
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Magdalena A Czubala
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonio Maccataio
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Stoll
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Uderhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Optical Imaging Competence Centre (FAU OICE), Exploratory Research Unit, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert H Jenkins
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Heath Park, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Biopsectroscopy, Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45147, Germany
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Scholtysek
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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Davidovich P, Higgins CA, Najda Z, Longley DB, Martin SJ. cFLIP L acts as a suppressor of TRAIL- and Fas-initiated inflammation by inhibiting assembly of caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 NF-κB-activating complexes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113476. [PMID: 37988267 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL and FasL are potent inducers of apoptosis but can also promote inflammation through assembly of cytoplasmic caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 (FADDosome) complexes, wherein caspase-8 acts as a scaffold to drive FADD/RIPK1-mediated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. cFLIP is also recruited to FADDosomes and restricts caspase-8 activity and apoptosis, but whether cFLIP also regulates death receptor-initiated inflammation is unclear. Here, we show that silencing or deletion of cFLIP leads to robustly enhanced Fas-, TRAIL-, or TLR3-induced inflammatory cytokine production, which can be uncoupled from the effects of cFLIP on caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. Mechanistically, cFLIPL suppresses Fas- or TRAIL-initiated NF-κB activation through inhibiting the assembly of caspase-8/FADD/RIPK1 FADDosome complexes, due to the low affinity of cFLIPL for FADD. Consequently, increased cFLIPL occupancy of FADDosomes diminishes recruitment of FADD/RIPK1 to caspase-8, thereby suppressing NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production downstream. Thus, cFLIP acts as a dual suppressor of apoptosis and inflammation via distinct modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Davidovich
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Catherine A Higgins
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Zaneta Najda
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Seamus J Martin
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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3
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Wang J, Tomar D, Martin TG, Dubey S, Dubey PK, Song J, Landesberg G, McCormick MG, Myers VD, Merali S, Merali C, Lemster B, McTiernan CF, Khalili K, Madesh M, Cheung JY, Kirk JA, Feldman AM. Bag3 Regulates Mitochondrial Function and the Inflammasome Through Canonical and Noncanonical Pathways in the Heart. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:820-839. [PMID: 37547075 PMCID: PMC10401293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2-associated athanogene-3 (Bag3) is expressed in all animal species, with Bag3 levels being most prominent in the heart, the skeletal muscle, the central nervous system, and in many cancers. Preclinical studies of Bag3 biology have focused on animals that have developed compromised cardiac function; however, the present studies were performed to identify the pathways perturbed in the heart even before the occurrence of clinical signs of dilatation and failure of the heart. These studies show that hearts carrying variants that knockout one allele of BAG3 have significant alterations in multiple cellular pathways including apoptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuFang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhadendra Tomar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas G. Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Strich School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Praveen K. Dubey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianliang Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gavin Landesberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael G. McCormick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Salim Merali
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carmen Merali
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bonnie Lemster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles F. McTiernan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph Y. Cheung
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Strich School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Brenner CM, Choudhary M, McCormick MG, Cheung D, Landesberg GP, Wang JF, Song J, Martin TG, Cheung JY, Qu HQ, Hakonarson H, Feldman AM. BAG3: Nature's Quintessential Multi-Functional Protein Functions as a Ubiquitous Intra-Cellular Glue. Cells 2023; 12:937. [PMID: 36980278 PMCID: PMC10047307 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BAG3 is a 575 amino acid protein that is found throughout the animal kingdom and homologs have been identified in plants. The protein is expressed ubiquitously but is most prominent in cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, the brain and in many cancers. We describe BAG3 as a quintessential multi-functional protein. It supports autophagy of both misfolded proteins and damaged organelles, inhibits apoptosis, maintains the homeostasis of the mitochondria, and facilitates excitation contraction coupling through the L-type calcium channel and the beta-adrenergic receptor. High levels of BAG3 are associated with insensitivity to chemotherapy in malignant cells whereas both loss of function and gain of function variants are associated with cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn M. Brenner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 752, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (C.M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Muaaz Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 752, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (C.M.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Michael G. McCormick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 752, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (C.M.B.); (M.C.)
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - David Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 752, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (C.M.B.); (M.C.)
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Gavin P. Landesberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 752, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (C.M.B.); (M.C.)
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ju-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 752, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (C.M.B.); (M.C.)
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jianliang Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 752, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (C.M.B.); (M.C.)
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Thomas G. Martin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Colorado University School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joseph Y. Cheung
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 191104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 191104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 191104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 191104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 191104, USA
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, MERB 752, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (C.M.B.); (M.C.)
- Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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5
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Vougioukalaki M, Georgila K, Athanasiadis EI, Eliopoulos AG. Cell adhesion tunes inflammatory TPL2 kinase signal transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:156. [PMID: 35218437 PMCID: PMC11072766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through adhesion-related molecules is important for cancer growth and metastasis and cancer cells are resistant to anoikis, a form of cell death ensued by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix. Herein, we report that detached carcinoma cells and immortalized fibroblasts display defects in TNF and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-induced MEK-ERK signaling. Cell detachment results in reduced basal levels of the MEK kinase TPL2, compromises TPL2 activation and sensitizes carcinoma cells to death-inducing receptor ligands, mimicking the synthetic lethal interactions between TPL2 inactivation and TNF or CD40L stimulation. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), which is activated in focal adhesions and mediates anchorage-dependent survival signaling, was found to sustain steady state TPL2 protein levels and to be required for TNF-induced TPL2 signal transduction. We show that when FAK levels are reduced, as seen in certain types of malignancy or malignant cell populations, the formation of cIAP2:RIPK1 complexes increases, leading to reduced TPL2 expression levels by a dual mechanism: first, by the reduction in the levels of NF-κΒ1 which is required for TPL2 stability; second, by the engagement of an RelA NF-κΒ pathway that elevates interleukin-6 production, leading to activation of STAT3 and its transcriptional target SKP2 which functions as a TPL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. These data underscore a new mode of regulation of TNF family signal transduction on the TPL2-MEK-ERK branch by adhesion-related molecules that may have important ramifications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vougioukalaki
- Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantina Georgila
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil I Athanasiadis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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6
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Masaki S, Watanabe T, Arai Y, Sekai I, Hara A, Kurimoto M, Otsuka Y, Masuta Y, Yoshikawa T, Takada R, Kamata K, Minaga K, Yamashita K, Kudo M. Expression levels of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and colitogenic cytokines are inversely correlated with the activation of interferon regulatory factor 4. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 207:340-350. [PMID: 35553628 PMCID: PMC9113101 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins 1 (cIAP1) and 2 (cIAP2) are involved in signaling pathways mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Excessive activation of TLRs and TNF-α underlies the immunopathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the roles played by cIAP1 and cIAP2 in the development of CD and UC remain poorly understood. In this study, we attempted to clarify the molecular link between cIAP1/cIAP2 and colonic inflammation. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) treated with siRNAs specific for cIAP1 or cIAP2 exhibited reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine responses upon stimulation with TLR ligands. Expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in human DCs was suppressed in the presence of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). This effect was associated with inhibition of cIAP1 and cIAP2 polyubiquitination. To verify these in vitro findings, we created mice overexpressing IRF4 in DCs and showed that these mice were resistant to trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis as compared with wild-type mice; these effects were accompanied by reduced expression levels of cIAP1 and cIAP2. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by mesenteric lymph node cells upon stimulation with TLR ligands was reduced in mice with DC-specific IRF4 overexpression as compared with that in wild-type mice. Finally, in clinical samples of the colonic mucosa from patients with CD, there was a negative relationship between the percentage of IRF4+ DCs and percentages of cIAP1+ or cIAP2+ lamina propria mononuclear cells. These data suggest that the colitogenic roles of cIAP1 and cIAP2 are negatively regulated by IRF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Correspondence: Tomohiro Watanabe, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikue Sekai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akane Hara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Masuta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Takada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamashita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
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The Immuno-Modulatory Effects of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Antagonists in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010207. [PMID: 31947615 PMCID: PMC7017284 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of cancer cells is their ability to evade cell death via apoptosis. The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are a family of proteins that act to promote cell survival. For this reason, upregulation of IAPs is associated with a number of cancer types as a mechanism of resistance to cell death and chemotherapy. As such, IAPs are considered a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment, based on the role of IAPs in resistance to apoptosis, tumour progression and poor patient prognosis. The mitochondrial protein smac (second mitochondrial activator of caspases), is an endogenous inhibitor of IAPs, and several small molecule mimetics of smac (smac-mimetics) have been developed in order to antagonise IAPs in cancer cells and restore sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. However, recent studies have revealed that smac-mimetics have broader effects than was first attributed. It is now understood that they are key regulators of innate immune signalling and have wide reaching immuno-modulatory properties. As such, they are ideal candidates for immunotherapy combinations. Pre-clinically, successful combination therapies incorporating smac-mimetics and oncolytic viruses, as with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, have been reported, and clinical trials incorporating smac-mimetics and immune checkpoint blockade are ongoing. Here, the potential of IAP antagonism to enhance immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of cancer will be discussed.
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Hill FI, Kelly AR, Davis AM, Tse MPY. Large B‐cell lymphoma in the colon and mesocolon of a Thoroughbred racehorse: Detection prior to development of clinical signs using clinicopathological markers of inflammation. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. I. Hill
- City U Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong KowloonHong Kong
| | - A. R. Kelly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Services Equine Hospital The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sha Tin Racecourse Sha Tin Hong Kong
| | - A. M. Davis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Services Equine Hospital The Hong Kong Jockey Club Sha Tin Racecourse Sha Tin Hong Kong
| | - M. P. Y. Tse
- City U Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences City University of Hong Kong KowloonHong Kong
- Animal Health Diagnostic Centre Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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9
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Schmidt N, Haydn T, Schneider I, Busch H, Boerries M, Fulda S. Smac mimetic induces an early wave of gene expression via NF-κB and AP-1 and a second wave via TNFR1 signaling. Cancer Lett 2018; 421:170-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Hirani A, Grover A, Lee YW, Pathak Y, Sutariya V. Nanotechnology for Omics-Based Ocular Drug Delivery. Ophthalmology 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5195-9.ch017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from ocular diseases that impair vision and can lead to blindness. Advances in genomics and proteomics have revealed a number of different molecular markers specific for different ocular diseases, thereby optimizing the processes of drug development and discovery. Nanotechnology can increase the throughput of data obtained in omics-based studies and allows for more sensitive diagnostic techniques as more efficient drug delivery systems. Biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials developed through omics-based research are able to target reported molecular markers for different ocular diseases and offer novel alternatives to conventional drug therapy. In this chapter, the authors review the pathophysiology, current genomic and proteomic information, and current nanomaterial-based therapies of four ocular diseases: glaucoma, uveal melanoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Omics-based research can be used to elucidate specific genes and proteins and develop novel nanomedicine formulations to prevent, halt, or cure ocular diseases at the transcriptional or translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Hirani
- University of South Florida, USA & Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, USA
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11
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Kubyshkin AV, Novosyolov SV, Fomochkina II, Kharchenko VZ, Pisarev AA, Gordeeva AE, Beketov AA, Kochkina AV, Fedosov MI, Anisimova LV, Goncharov RG. Expression of caspase-3 and the cytokine level in experimental reperfusion syndrome upon treatment with peroxiredoxin 6. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Kearney CJ, Vervoort SJ, Ramsbottom KM, Freeman AJ, Michie J, Peake J, Casanova JL, Picard C, Tangye SG, Ma CS, Johnstone RW, Randall KL, Oliaro J. DOCK8 Drives Src-Dependent NK Cell Effector Function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:ji1700751. [PMID: 28794229 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) gene cause an autosomal recessive form of hyper-IgE syndrome, characterized by chronic immunodeficiency with persistent microbial infection and increased incidence of malignancy. These manifestations suggest a defect in cytotoxic lymphocyte function and immune surveillance. However, how DOCK8 regulates NK cell-driven immune responses remains unclear. In this article, we demonstrate that DOCK8 regulates NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine production in response to target cell engagement or receptor ligation. Genetic ablation of DOCK8 in human NK cells attenuated cytokine transcription and secretion through inhibition of Src family kinase activation, particularly Lck, downstream of target cell engagement or NKp30 ligation. PMA/Ionomycin treatment of DOCK8-deficient NK cells rescued cytokine production, indicating a defect proximal to receptor ligation. Importantly, NK cells from DOCK8-deficient patients had attenuated production of IFN-γ and TNF-α upon NKp30 stimulation. Taken together, we reveal a novel molecular mechanism by which DOCK8 regulates NK cell-driven immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Kearney
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Cancer Therapeutics Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kelly M Ramsbottom
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew J Freeman
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jessica Michie
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jane Peake
- University of Queensland and Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
- Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics and Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Medical School, University Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics and Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Cancer Therapeutics Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Katrina L Randall
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia; and
- Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jane Oliaro
- Immune Defence Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Guicciardi ME, Krishnan A, Bronk SF, Hirsova P, Griffith TS, Gores GJ. Biliary tract instillation of a SMAC mimetic induces TRAIL-dependent acute sclerosing cholangitis-like injury in mice. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2535. [PMID: 28055006 PMCID: PMC5386369 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiopathogenesis characterized by fibrous cholangiopathy of large and small bile ducts. Systemic administration of a murine TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor agonist induces a sclerosing cholangitis injury in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting endogenous TRAIL may contribute to sclerosing cholangitis syndromes. Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAP-1 and cIAP-2) are negative regulators of inflammation and TRAIL receptor signaling. We hypothesized that if endogenous TRAIL promotes sclerosing cholangitis, then cIAP depletion should also induce this biliary tract injury. Herein, we show that cIAP protein levels are reduced in the interlobular bile ducts of human PSC livers. Downregulation of cIAPs in normal human cholangiocytes in vitro by use of a SMAC mimetic (SM) induces moderate, ripoptosome-mediated apoptosis and RIP1-independent upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Cytokine and chemokine expression was mediated by the non-canonical activation of NF-κB. To investigate whether downregulation of cIAPs is linked to generation of a PSC-like phenotype, an SM was directly instilled into the mouse biliary tree. Twelve hours after biliary instillation, TUNEL-positive cholangiocytes were identified; 5 days later, PSC-like changes were observed in the SM-treated mice, including a fibrous cholangiopathy of the interlobular bile ducts, portal inflammation, significant elevation of serum markers of cholestasis and cholangiographic evidence of intrahepatic biliary tract injury. In contrast, TRAIL and TRAIL-receptor deficient mice showed no sign of cholangiopathy following SM intrabiliary injection. We conclude that in vivo antagonism of cIAPs in mouse biliary epithelial cells is sufficient to trigger cholangiocytes apoptosis and a proinflammatory response resulting in a fibrous cholangiopathy resembling human sclerosing cholangitis. Therefore, downregulation of cIAPs in PSC cholangiocytes may contribute to the development of the disease. Our results also indicate that inhibition of TRAIL signaling pathways may be beneficial in the treatment of PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Guicciardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven F Bronk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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14
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Hirani A, Grover A, Lee YW, Pathak Y, Sutariya V. Nanotechnology for Omics-Based Ocular Drug Delivery. Oncology 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from ocular diseases that impair vision and can lead to blindness. Advances in genomics and proteomics have revealed a number of different molecular markers specific for different ocular diseases, thereby optimizing the processes of drug development and discovery. Nanotechnology can increase the throughput of data obtained in omics-based studies and allows for more sensitive diagnostic techniques as more efficient drug delivery systems. Biocompatible and biodegradable nanomaterials developed through omics-based research are able to target reported molecular markers for different ocular diseases and offer novel alternatives to conventional drug therapy. In this chapter, the authors review the pathophysiology, current genomic and proteomic information, and current nanomaterial-based therapies of four ocular diseases: glaucoma, uveal melanoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Omics-based research can be used to elucidate specific genes and proteins and develop novel nanomedicine formulations to prevent, halt, or cure ocular diseases at the transcriptional or translational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Hirani
- University of South Florida, USA & Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University, USA
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15
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Ginsenoside Rg3 Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion via Attenuating Apoptosis and Inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6967853. [PMID: 28105061 PMCID: PMC5220470 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6967853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the ginsenosides which are the main constituents isolated from Panax ginseng. Previous study demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 had a protective effect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion- (I/R-) induced injury. Objective. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on cardiac function impairment induced by myocardial I/R in rats. Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to myocardial I/R. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters and histopathological examination were carried out. The expressions of P53, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the left ventricles were measured. Results. Ginsenoside Rg3 increased a left ventricular fractional shortening and left ventricular ejection fraction. Treatment with ginsenoside Rg3 also alleviated increases of left ventricular end diastolic pressure and decreases of left ventricular systolic pressure and ±dp/dt in myocardial I/R-rats. Ginsenoside Rg3 decreased apoptosis cells through inhibiting the activation of caspase-3. Ginsenoside Rg3 also caused significant reductions of the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in left ventricles of myocardial I/R-rats. Conclusion. The findings suggested that ginsenoside Rg3 possessed the effect of improving myocardial I/R-induced cardiac function impairment and that the mechanism of pharmacological action of ginsenoside Rg3 was related to its properties of antiapoptosis and anti-inflammation.
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16
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Fei L, Xu K. Zhikang Capsule ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by inhibition of inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:236-247. [PMID: 27452656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhikang Capsule (ZKC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) modified from classic formulas Qi-Li-San (an ancient formula dating to Qing Dynasty) and Fu-Jin-Sheng-Ji-San (written into The Golden Mirror of Medicine). ZKC contains 14 kinds of materials and has been widely used for the clinical therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) for a long time. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of ZKC are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the protective effect of ZKC on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed with 3% DSS in drinking water for one week to induce experimental colitis. They were randomly assigned to six groups according to the treatment conditions. The histological changes of colon tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-12) and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-4 and IL-10) was detected by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays (ELISAs). The production of MPO, SOD, MDA, NO, and caspase-3 was assessed by biochemical assay kits. The expression of iNOS, ICAM-1, and NF-ΚB was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining. The levels of TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6 were determined by western blot. RESULTS Histologic analysis exhibited that ZKC alleviated the inflammation, loss of goblet cells, and submucosal edema induced by DSS. ZKC significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoted the anti-inflammatory mediators. The antioxidation of ZKC was indicated by increased activity of SOD and reduced production of MDA, NO, and iNOS in ZKC-treated mice. Furthermore, ZKC repressed the colonic expression of caspase-3 and the activity of the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrated the protective effect of ZKC on DSS-induced colitis. For the first time, we identified four therapeutic mechanisms of ZKC, including effective inhibition of the inflammatory responses, significant alleviation of intestinal epithelium apoptosis, considerable prevention of oxidative stress, and selective down-regulation of the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling pathway. With high therapeutic effects and low toxic effects, ZKC exhibits great superiority over western medicines in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
| | - Keshu Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
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17
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Alvarez-Diaz S, Dillon CP, Lalaoui N, Tanzer MC, Rodriguez DA, Lin A, Lebois M, Hakem R, Josefsson EC, O'Reilly LA, Silke J, Alexander WS, Green DR, Strasser A. The Pseudokinase MLKL and the Kinase RIPK3 Have Distinct Roles in Autoimmune Disease Caused by Loss of Death-Receptor-Induced Apoptosis. Immunity 2016; 45:513-526. [PMID: 27523270 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3 and the pseudo-kinase MLKL have been identified as key regulators of the necroptotic cell death pathway, although a role for MLKL within the whole animal has not yet been established. Here, we have shown that MLKL deficiency rescued the embryonic lethality caused by loss of Caspase-8 or FADD. Casp8(-/-)Mlkl(-/-) and Fadd(-/-)Mlkl(-/-) mice were viable and fertile but rapidly developed severe lymphadenopathy, systemic autoimmune disease, and thrombocytopenia. These morbidities occurred more rapidly and with increased severity in Casp8(-/-)Mlkl(-/-) and Fadd(-/-)Mlkl(-/-) mice compared to Casp8(-/-)Ripk3(-/-) or Fadd(-/-)Ripk3(-/-) mice, respectively. These results demonstrate that MLKL is an essential effector of aberrant necroptosis in embryos caused by loss of Caspase-8 or FADD. Furthermore, they suggest that RIPK3 and/or MLKL may exert functions independently of necroptosis. It appears that non-necroptotic functions of RIPK3 contribute to the lymphadenopathy, autoimmunity, and excess cytokine production that occur when FADD or Caspase-8-mediated apoptosis is abrogated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alvarez-Diaz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Christopher P Dillon
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Najoua Lalaoui
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Maria C Tanzer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Diego A Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ann Lin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Marion Lebois
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Razq Hakem
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Emma C Josefsson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Lorraine A O'Reilly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
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Amarante-Mendes GP, Griffith TS. Therapeutic applications of TRAIL receptor agonists in cancer and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 155:117-31. [PMID: 26343199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TRAIL/Apo-2L is a member of the TNF superfamily first described as an apoptosis-inducing cytokine in 1995. Similar to TNF and Fas ligand, TRAIL induces apoptosis in caspase-dependent manner following TRAIL death receptor trimerization. Because tumor cells were shown to be particularly sensitive to this cytokine while normal cells/tissues proved to be resistant along with being able to synthesize and release TRAIL, it was rapidly appreciated that TRAIL likely served as one of our major physiologic weapons against cancer. In line with this, a number of research laboratories and pharmaceutical companies have attempted to exploit the ability of TRAIL to kill cancer cells by developing recombinant forms of TRAIL or TRAIL receptor agonists (e.g., receptor-specific mAb) for therapeutic purposes. In this review article we will describe the biochemical pathways used by TRAIL to induce different cell death programs. We will also summarize the clinical trials related to this pathway and discuss possible novel uses of TRAIL-related therapies. In recent years, the physiological importance of TRAIL has expanded beyond being a tumoricidal molecule to one critical for a number of clinical settings - ranging from infectious disease and autoimmunity to cardiovascular anomalies. We will also highlight some of these conditions where modulation of the TRAIL/TRAIL receptor system may be targeted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo P Amarante-Mendes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia, Brazil.
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, Masonic Cancer Center, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
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19
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Zhang L, Tong X, Li J, Huang Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Huang J, Wang J, Liu B. Apoptotic and autophagic pathways with relevant small-molecule compounds, in cancer stem cells. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:385-97. [PMID: 26013704 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are suspected of contributing to cancer cell self-renewal capacity and resistance to radiation and/or chemotherapy. Including evasion of apoptosis and autophagic cell death, CSCs have revealed abilities to resist cell death, making them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Recently, molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and of autophagy in CSCs have been gradually explored, comparing them in stem cells and in cancer cells; distinct expression of these systems in CSCs may elucidate how these cells exert their capacity of unlimited self-renewal and hierarchical differentiation. Due to their proposed ability to drive tumour initiation and progression, CSCs may be considered to be potentially useful pharmacological targets. Further, multiple compounds have been verified as triggering apoptosis and/or autophagy, suppressing tumour growth, thus providing new strategies for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarized regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in CSCs to elucidate how key proteins participate in control of survival and death; in addition, currently well-studied compounds that target CSC apoptosis and autophagy are selectively presented. With increasing attention to CSCs in cancer therapy, researchers are now trying to find responses to unsolved questions as unambiguous as possible, which may provide novel insight into future anti-cancer regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xupeng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Kolitz S, Hasson T, Towfic F, Funt JM, Bakshi S, Fowler KD, Laifenfeld D, Grinspan A, Artyomov MN, Birnberg T, Schwartz R, Komlosh A, Hayardeny L, Ladkani D, Hayden MR, Zeskind B, Grossman I. Gene expression studies of a human monocyte cell line identify dissimilarities between differently manufactured glatiramoids. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10191. [PMID: 25998228 PMCID: PMC4441120 DOI: 10.1038/srep10191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glatiramer Acetate (GA) has provided safe and effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients for two decades. It acts as an antigen, yet the precise mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated, and no validated pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic biomarkers exist. In order to better characterize GA’s biological impact, genome-wide expression studies were conducted with a human monocyte (THP-1) cell line. Consistent with previous literature, branded GA upregulated anti-inflammatory markers (e.g. IL10), and modulated multiple immune-related pathways. Despite some similarities, significant differences were observed between expression profiles induced by branded GA and Probioglat, a differently-manufactured glatiramoid purported to be a generic GA. Key results were verified using qRT-PCR. Genes (e.g. CCL5, adj. p < 4.1 × 10−5) critically involved in pro-inflammatory pathways (e.g. response to lipopolysaccharide, adj. p = 8.7 × 10−4) were significantly induced by Probioglat compared with branded GA. Key genes were also tested and confirmed at the protein level, and in primary human monocytes. These observations suggest differential biological impact by the two glatiramoids and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tal Hasson
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | - Shlomo Bakshi
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Tal Birnberg
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - David Ladkani
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | - Iris Grossman
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Abstract
The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) play a critical role in the regulation of cellular apoptosis and cytokine signaling. IAP family members include XIAP, cIAP1, cIAP2, NAIP, survivin, Apollon/Bruce, ML-IAP/livin and TIAP. The IAPs have been targeted using both antisense oligonucleotides and small molecule inhibitors. Several research teams have advanced compounds that bind the highly conserved BIR3 domains of the IAPs into clinical trials, as single agents and in combination with standard of care. This patent review highlights the medicinal chemistry strategies that have been applied to the development of clinical compounds.
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Identification of IRF1 as critical dual regulator of Smac mimetic-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine response. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1562. [PMID: 25501823 PMCID: PMC4454156 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase) mimetics are considered as promising anticancer therapeutics and used to induce apoptosis by antagonizing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, which are often abundantly expressed in cancer cells. Here, we identify interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) as a novel critical regulator of Smac mimetic BV6-induced apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokine secretion with impact on the immune response. IRF1 knockdown rescues cells from BV6-induced apoptosis and attenuates BV6-stimulated upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), indicating that IRF1 mediates BV6-triggered cell death, at least in part, by inducing TNFα. This notion is supported by data showing that exogenous supply of TNFα restores BV6-induced cell death in IRF-knockdown cells. Interestingly, IRF1 selectively controls the induction of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) target genes, as IRF1 depletion attenuates BV6-stimulated upregulation of TNFα and interleukin-8 (IL-8) but not p100 and RelB. Concomitant knockdown of IRF1 and p65 cooperate to inhibit BV6-induced cell death, implying a cooperative interaction of IRF1 and NF-κB. In addition, IRF1 silencing hampers TNFα induction by TNFα itself as an another prototypical NF-κB stimulus. Importantly, IRF1 depletion impedes BV6-stimulated secretion of additional proinflammatory cytokines such as granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-8, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and migration of primary monocytes to BV6-treated tumor cells. In conclusion, this identification of IRF1 as a dual regulator of BV6-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion provides novel insights into determinants of sensitivity towards Smac mimetic and possible implications of Smac mimetic treatment on tumor microenvironment and immune response.
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23
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An S, Yang Y, Ward R, Liu Y, Guo XX, Xu TR. Raf-interactome in tuning the complexity and diversity of Raf function. FEBS J 2014; 282:32-53. [PMID: 25333451 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Raf kinases have been intensely studied subsequent to their discovery 30 years ago. The Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK/MAPK) signaling pathway is at the heart of the signaling networks that control many fundamental cellular processes and Raf kinases takes centre stage in the MAPK pathway, which is now appreciated to be one of the most common sources of the oncogenic mutations in cancer. The dependency of tumors on this pathway has been clearly demonstrated by targeting its key nodes; however, blockade of the central components of the MAPK pathway may have some unexpected side effects. Over recent years, the Raf-interactome or Raf-interacting proteins have emerged as promising targets for protein-directed cancer therapy. This review focuses on the diversity of Raf-interacting proteins and discusses the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate Raf function, as well as the implications of targeting Raf-interacting proteins in the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su An
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, China
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24
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Cellular inhibitors of apoptosis (cIAP) 1 and 2 are increased in placenta from obese pregnant women. Placenta 2014; 35:831-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Pedersen J, LaCasse EC, Seidelin JB, Coskun M, Nielsen OH. Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) regulate intestinal immunity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) inflammation. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:652-65. [PMID: 25282548 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family members, notably cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP, are critical and universal regulators of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mediated survival, inflammatory, and death signaling pathways. Furthermore, IAPs mediate the signaling of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)1/NOD2 and other intracellular NOD-like receptors in response to bacterial pathogens. These pathways are important to the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inactivating mutations in the X-chromosome-linked IAP (XIAP) gene causes an immunodeficiency syndrome, X-linked lymphoproliferative disease type 2 (XLP2), in which 20% of patients develop severe intestinal inflammation. In addition, 4% of males with early-onset IBD also have inactivating mutations in XIAP. Therefore, the IAPs play a greater role in gut homeostasis, immunity and IBD development than previously suspected, and may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannie Pedersen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Eric C LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Jakob B Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Coskun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ole H Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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26
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Hematopoietic RIPK1 deficiency results in bone marrow failure caused by apoptosis and RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14436-41. [PMID: 25246544 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409389111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is recruited to the TNF receptor 1 to mediate proinflammatory signaling and to regulate TNF-induced cell death. RIPK1 deficiency results in postnatal lethality, but precisely why Ripk1(-/-) mice die remains unclear. To identify the lineages and cell types that depend on RIPK1 for survival, we generated conditional Ripk1 mice. Tamoxifen administration to adult RosaCreER(T2)Ripk1(fl/fl) mice results in lethality caused by cell death in the intestinal and hematopoietic lineages. Similarly, Ripk1 deletion in cells of the hematopoietic lineage stimulates proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and hematopoietic cell death, resulting in bone marrow failure. The cell death reflected cell-intrinsic survival roles for RIPK1 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, because Vav-iCre Ripk1(fl/fl) fetal liver cells failed to reconstitute hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated recipients. We demonstrate that RIPK3 deficiency partially rescues hematopoiesis in Vav-iCre Ripk1(fl/fl) mice, showing that RIPK1-deficient hematopoietic cells undergo RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. However, the Vav-iCre Ripk1(fl/fl) Ripk3(-/-) progenitors remain TNF sensitive in vitro and fail to repopulate irradiated mice. These genetic studies reveal that hematopoietic RIPK1 deficiency triggers both apoptotic and necroptotic death that is partially prevented by RIPK3 deficiency. Therefore, RIPK1 regulates hematopoiesis and prevents inflammation by suppressing RIPK3 activation.
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27
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Lappas M. Cellular Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins cIAP1 and cIAP2 are Increased after Labour in Foetal Membranes and Myometrium and are Essential for TNF-α-Induced Expression of Pro-Labour Mediators. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:313-29. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre; Mercy Hospital for Women; Heidelberg VIC Australia
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
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28
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Condon SM, Mitsuuchi Y, Deng Y, LaPorte MG, Rippin SR, Haimowitz T, Alexander MD, Kumar PT, Hendi MS, Lee YH, Benetatos CA, Yu G, Kapoor GS, Neiman E, Seipel ME, Burns JM, Graham MA, McKinlay MA, Li X, Wang J, Shi Y, Feltham R, Bettjeman B, Cumming MH, Vince JE, Khan N, Silke J, Day CL, Chunduru SK. Birinapant, a smac-mimetic with improved tolerability for the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3666-77. [PMID: 24684347 DOI: 10.1021/jm500176w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Birinapant (1) is a second-generation bivalent antagonist of IAP proteins that is currently undergoing clinical development for the treatment of cancer. Using a range of assays that evaluated cIAP1 stability and oligomeric state, we demonstrated that 1 stabilized the cIAP1-BUCR (BIR3-UBA-CARD-RING) dimer and promoted autoubiquitylation of cIAP1 in vitro. Smac-mimetic 1-induced loss of cIAPs correlated with inhibition of TNF-mediated NF-κB activation, caspase activation, and tumor cell killing. Many first-generation Smac-mimetics such as compound A (2) were poorly tolerated. Notably, animals that lack functional cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP are not viable, and 2 mimicked features of triple IAP knockout cells in vitro. The improved tolerability of 1 was associated with (i) decreased potency against cIAP2 and affinity for XIAP BIR3 and (ii) decreased ability to inhibit XIAP-dependent signaling pathways. The P2' position of 1 was critical to this differential activity, and this improved tolerability has allowed 1 to proceed into clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Condon
- TetraLogic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 343 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
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29
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cIAPs and XIAP regulate myelopoiesis through cytokine production in an RIPK1- and RIPK3-dependent manner. Blood 2014; 123:2562-72. [PMID: 24497535 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-06-510743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), particularly cIAP1, can promote production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and sensitize cancer cell lines to TNF-induced necroptosis by promoting formation of a death-inducing signaling complex containing receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase (RIPK) 1 and 3. To define the role of IAPs in myelopoiesis, we generated a mouse with cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP deleted in the myeloid lineage. Loss of cIAPs and XIAP in the myeloid lineage caused overproduction of many proinflammatory cytokines, resulting in granulocytosis and severe sterile inflammation. In vitro differentiation of macrophages from bone marrow in the absence of cIAPs and XIAP led to detectable levels of TNF and resulted in reduced numbers of mature macrophages. The cytokine production and consequent cell death caused by IAP depletion was attenuated by loss or inhibition of TNF or TNF receptor 1. The loss of RIPK1 or RIPK3, but not the RIPK3 substrate mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, attenuated TNF secretion and thereby prevented apoptotic cell death and not necrosis. Our results demonstrate that cIAPs and XIAP together restrain RIPK1- and RIPK3-dependent cytokine production in myeloid cells to critically regulate myeloid homeostasis.
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30
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Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are required for effective T-cell expansion/survival during antiviral immunity in mice. Blood 2014; 123:659-68. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-479543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
IAPs are required for survival and expansion of activated T cells. IAP antagonists sensitize to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cell death of activated T cells during viral infection.
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31
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Pulmonary artery perfusion with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody reduces cardiopulmonary bypass-induced inflammatory lung injury in a rabbit model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83236. [PMID: 24386164 PMCID: PMC3873915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung injury is one of the main complications associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is one of the key factors mediating the CPB-induced inflammatory reactions. Our previous studies have shown that endotracheal administration of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibody (TNF-α Ab) produces some beneficial effects on lung in a rabbit CPB model. In this study, we further examined the effects of pulmonary artery perfusion with TNF-α Ab (27 ng/kg) on lung tissue integrity and pulmonary inflammation during CPB and investigated the mechanism underlying the TNF-α Ab-mediated effects in a rabbit model of CPB. Our results from transmission electron microscopy showed that the perfusion with TNF-α Ab alleviated CPB-induced histopathological changes in lung tissue. The perfusion with TNF-α Ab also prevented CPB-induced pulmonary edema and improved oxygenation index. Parameters indicating pulmonary inflammation, including neutrophil count and plasma TNF-α and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were significantly reduced during CPB by pulmonary artery perfusion with TNF-α Ab, suggesting that the perfusion with TNF-α Ab reduces CPB-induced pulmonary inflammation. We further investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects of TNF-α Ab on lung. Our quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that pulmonary artery perfusion with TNF-α Ab significantly decreased TNF-α expression in lung tissue during CPB. The apoptotic index in lung tissue and the expression of proteins that play stimulatory roles in apoptosis pathways including the fas ligand (FasL) and Bax were markedly reduced during CPB by the perfusion with TNF-α Ab. In contrast, the expression of Bcl-2, which plays an inhibitory role in apoptosis pathways, was significantly increased during CPB by the perfusion with TNF-α Ab, indicating that the perfusion with TNF-α Ab significantly reduces CPB-induced apoptosis in lung. Thus, our study suggests that pulmonary artery perfusion with TNF-α Ab might be a promising approach for attenuating CPB-induced inflammatory lung injury.
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32
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Hornburger MC, Mayer BA, Leonhardt S, Willer EA, Zahler S, Beyerle A, Rajalingam K, Vollmar AM, Fürst R. A novel role for inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins as regulators of endothelial barrier function by mediating RhoA activation. FASEB J 2013; 28:1938-46. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-235754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Hornburger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt/MainFrankfurt/MainGermany
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Bettina A. Mayer
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Stefanie Leonhardt
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Elisabeth A. Willer
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Andrea Beyerle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt/MainFrankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical School, Goethe University Frankfurt/MainFrankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Angelika M. Vollmar
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug ResearchUniversity of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt/MainFrankfurt/MainGermany
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33
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Wang Y, Mo L, Wei W, Shi X. Efficacy and safety of dendrimer nanoparticles with coexpression of tumor necrosis factor-α and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in gene radiotherapy of the human uveal melanoma OCM-1 cell line. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:3805-16. [PMID: 24124368 PMCID: PMC3795008 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s48950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor, and brachytherapy is one of the most common and effective treatment strategies. In order to find a safer and more effective way to increase the radio sensitivity of the tumor, we tried to use the dendrimer nanoparticle performing coexpression gene radiotherapy. In this study, we constructed recombinant DNA plasmids (early growth response-1 tumor necrosis factor-α [pEgr1-TNFα], pEgr1 thymidine kinase [TK], and pEgr1-TNFα-TK) according to the Egr1 promoter sequence. The sequences of human TNFα and herpes simplex virus (HSV) TK that were published by GenBank. Agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing had proven that we constructed the double-gene recombined plasmids pEgr1-TNF-TK correctly, as well as the plasmids pEgr1-TNFα and pEgr1-TK. The dendrimer nanoparticles combined with plasmid DNA as dendriplexes were verified with agarose gel electrophoresis and observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy to define size and shape. Zeta potential was measured using a Zetasizer analyzer. Optimal size and neutral zeta-potential characteristics of dendriplexes were achieved for the transfection studies. DNase I examination proved that the dendriplexes could protect plasmid DNA for at least 6 hours. The recombinant plasmids were transfected with dendrimer nanoparticles into the human choroidal melanoma OCM-1 cell line, followed by exposure to iodine-125 ((125)I) after transfection. After transfection with dendrimer nanoparticles and the irradiation of (125)I, the gene expressions of TNFα and HSV1-TK were significantly increased at the protein level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis in OCM-1 cells. The cellular morphology of OCM-1 cells altering was observed by TEM, and a decrease in cell proliferation was revealed in cell-growth curves. Flow cytometry of annexin V/propidium iodide double-dyeing apoptosis and caspase-3 fluorescence staining showed that this treatment method could turn transfected OCM-1 cells into apoptosis and necrosis by the effects of the gene expression. This study indicated that the dendrimer nanoparticles with coexpression of TNF-α and HSV1-TK gene therapy are effective and safe and can provide us with a novel strategy to treat human uveal melanoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchih Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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34
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Yang C, Novack DV. Anti-cancer IAP antagonists promote bone metastasis: a cautionary tale. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:496-506. [PMID: 23740289 PMCID: PMC3962044 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bone microenvironment is complex, containing bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, bone-maintaining osteocytes, hematopoietic lineage cells, as well as blood vessels, nerves, and stromal cells. Release of embedded growth factors from the bone matrix via osteoclast resorption has been shown to participate in the alteration of bone microenvironment to facilitate tumor metastasis to this organ. Many types of malignancies including solid tumors and leukemias are associated with elevated levels of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, and IAP antagonists represent an important emerging class of anti-cancer agents. IAPs exert anti-apoptotic roles by inhibiting caspases and upregulating pro-survival proteins, at least in part by activating classical NF-κB signaling. In addition, IAPs act as negative regulators in the alternative NF-κB pathway, so that IAP antagonists stimulate this pathway. The role of the classical NF-κB pathway in IAP antagonist-induced apoptosis has been extensively studied, whereas much less attention has been paid to the role of these agents in the alternative pathway. Thus far, several IAP antagonists have been tested in preclinical and early stage clinical trials, and have shown promise in sensitizing tumor cells to apoptosis without significant side effects. However, recent preclinical evidence suggests an increased risk of bone metastasis caused by IAP antagonists, along with potential for promoting osteoporosis. In this review, the connection between IAP antagonists, the alternative NF-κB pathway, osteoclasts, and bone metastasis are discussed. In light of these effects of IAP antagonists on the bone microenvironment, more attention should be paid to this and other host tissues as these drugs are developed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8301, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
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