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Pracharova J, Cyrikova T, Berecka M, Biersack B, Kasparkova J, Brabec V. Antimetastatic activity of (arene)ruthenium(II) complex of 4-aryl-4H-naphthopyran. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 400:111180. [PMID: 39089413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer remains a formidable challenge in anticancer therapy. Despite efforts to develop effective antimetastasis drugs over the past half-century, currently approved treatments fall short of expectations. This report highlights the promising antiproliferative activity of a ruthenium-based therapeutic agent, namely dichlorido(p-cymene)[2-amino-4-(pyridin-3-yl)-4H-benzo[h]-chromene-3-carbonitrile]ruthenium(II) (complex 1) against metastatic cell lines. Complex 1 shows significant efficacy in metastatic LoVo and Du-145 cell lines at nanomolar concentrations, being markedly more active than clinically used anticancer cisplatin. Studies on the MDA-MB-231 cell line, which displays invasive characteristics, demonstrated that 1 significantly reduces cell invasion. This efficacy was confirmed by its impact on matrix metalloproteinase production in MDA-MB-231 cells. Given that cell migration drives cancer invasion and metastasis, complex 1's effect on MDA-MB-231 cell migration was evaluated via wound healing assay and vimentin network analysis. Results indicated a strong reduction in migration. A re-adhesion assay further demonstrated that 1 significantly lowers the re-adhesion ability of MDA-MB-231 cells compared to cisplatin. To better simulate the human body environment, a 3D spheroid invasion assay was used. This method showed that 1 effectively inhibits tumor spheroids from infiltrating the surrounding extracellular matrix. This study underscores the potential of (arene)ruthenium(II) complexes with naphthopyran ligands as potent antimetastatic agents for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Pracharova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Cyrikova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Berecka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Zhu H, Bao Y, Dou X, Zuo X, Ye J, Ma H, Bu Y, Wang Y, Zhu J. KIF2C is a critical regulator for malignant progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:2538-2554. [PMID: 38859848 PMCID: PMC11162673 DOI: 10.62347/cibm2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant cause of mortality, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our studies have revealed that KIF2C plays a crucial role in tumor proliferation and metastasis in HNSCC. The results demonstrate that KIF2C is highly expressed at both the mRNA and protein levels and is closely associated with lymph node metastasis. The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses indicate that the differentially expressed genes are enriched in processes or pathways related to cell adhesion and cell mitosis in HNSCC. Moreover, the established protein-protein interaction network identifies KIF2C as a potential hub gene in HNSCC. Knockdown of KIF2C has been demonstrated to significantly reduce cell migration and invasion ability, leading to cell cycle arrest, a high proportion of abnormal cell apoptosis, and cell chromosome division mismatches in the HNSCC cell line. Downstream genes such as PDGFA, EGFR, TP63, SNAI2, KRT5, and KRT14 were found to be down-regulated, and multiple critical pathways, including mTOR, ERK, and PI3K-AKT pathways, were inactivated as a result of KIF2C knockdown. These findings provide strong evidence for the crucial role of KIF2C in HNSCC and suggest that targeting KIF2C may be a promising therapeutic strategy for this disease. Knockdown of KIF2C has been shown to significantly inhibit tumor proliferation in nude mice, demonstrating the potential therapeutic role of KIF2C in HNSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xuanqi Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Junhong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Haiyu Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, P. R. China
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3
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Rodrigues AJ, Chernikova SB, Wang Y, Trinh TTH, Solow-Cordero DE, Alexandrova L, Casey KM, Alli E, Aggarwal A, Quill T, Koegel AK, Feldman BJ, Ford JM, Hayden-Gephart M. Repurposing mebendazole against triple-negative breast cancer CNS metastasis. J Neurooncol 2024; 168:125-138. [PMID: 38563850 PMCID: PMC11093727 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often metastasizes to the central nervous system (CNS) and has the highest propensity among breast cancer subtypes to develop leptomeningeal disease (LMD). LMD is a spread of cancer into leptomeningeal space that speeds up the disease progression and severely aggravates the prognosis. LMD has limited treatment options. We sought to test whether the common anti-helminthic drug mebendazole (MBZ) may be effective against murine TNBC LMD. METHODS A small-molecule screen involving TNBC cell lines identified benzimidazoles as potential therapeutic agents for further study. In vitro migration assays were used to evaluate cell migration capacity and the effect of MBZ. For in vivo testing, CNS metastasis was introduced into BALB/c athymic nude mice through internal carotid artery injections of brain-tropic MDA-MB-231-BR or MCF7-BR cells. Tumor growth and spread was monitored by bioluminescence imaging and immunohistochemistry. MBZ was given orally at 50 and 100 mg/kg doses. MBZ bioavailability was assayed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis and migration assays revealed higher migratory capacity of TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes. MBZ effectively slowed down migration of TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 and its brain tropic derivative MDA-MB-231-BR. In animal studies, MBZ reduced leptomeningeal spread, and extended survival in brain metastasis model produced by MDA-MB-231-BR cells. MBZ did not have an effect in the non-migratory MCF7-BR model. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that MBZ is a safe and effective oral agent in an animal model of TNBC CNS metastasis. Our findings are concordant with previous efforts involving MBZ and CNS pathology and support the drug's potential utility to slow down leptomeningeal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Rodrigues
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sophia B Chernikova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Yuelong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Thy T H Trinh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David E Solow-Cordero
- High-Throughput Screening Knowledge Center, Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ludmila Alexandrova
- Vincent Coates Foundation Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth Alli
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | | | - Tyler Quill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ashley K Koegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Brian J Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - James M Ford
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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4
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Shen X, Xiong F, Niu X, Gong S, Sun X, Xiao Y, Yang Y, Chen F. Molecular mechanism of quality changes in solid endosperm of tender coconut during room temperature storage based on transcriptome and metabolome. Food Chem 2024; 436:137615. [PMID: 37837686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Tender coconut (TC) is popular around the world. Postharvest storage of TC leads to a decline in its appearance quality and flavor in both liquid endosperm (LE) and solid endosperm (SE). While LE is the most consumed part and remains in a liquid state, SE is the only cellular tissue directly connected to LE and may be the main contributor to flavor deterioration during storage. This study focused on investigating SE changes during TC storage at 25 °C using computed tomographic technology, transcriptome and metabolome analyses. The results showed increased thickness and density, elevated protein and fat contents, and decreased reducing and soluble sugars in SE of TC during storage. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that these changes were mainly associated with the gene transcription levels involved in amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, along with specific metabolites. These findings offer valuable insights for controlling TC quality during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shen
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqing Niu
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Shufang Gong
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Xiwei Sun
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China
| | - Yaodong Yang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang 571339, China.
| | - Fusheng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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5
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Sulimenko V, Sládková V, Sulimenko T, Dráberová E, Vosecká V, Dráberová L, Skalli O, Dráber P. Regulation of microtubule nucleation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells by ARF GTPase-activating protein GIT2. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321321. [PMID: 38370406 PMCID: PMC10870779 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of high-affinity IgE receptors (FcϵRIs) on granulated mast cells triggers signaling pathways leading to a calcium response and release of inflammatory mediators from secretory granules. While microtubules play a role in the degranulation process, the complex molecular mechanisms regulating microtubule remodeling in activated mast cells are only partially understood. Here, we demonstrate that the activation of bone marrow mast cells induced by FcϵRI aggregation increases centrosomal microtubule nucleation, with G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 2 (GIT2) playing a vital role in this process. Both endogenous and exogenous GIT2 were associated with centrosomes and γ-tubulin complex proteins. Depletion of GIT2 enhanced centrosomal microtubule nucleation, and phenotypic rescue experiments revealed that GIT2, unlike GIT1, acts as a negative regulator of microtubule nucleation in mast cells. GIT2 also participated in the regulation of antigen-induced degranulation and chemotaxis. Further experiments showed that phosphorylation affected the centrosomal localization of GIT2 and that during antigen-induced activation, GIT2 was phosphorylated by conventional protein kinase C, which promoted microtubule nucleation. We propose that GIT2 is a novel regulator of microtubule organization in activated mast cells by modulating centrosomal microtubule nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadym Sulimenko
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimíra Sládková
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tetyana Sulimenko
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eduarda Dráberová
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Věra Vosecká
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lubica Dráberová
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Omar Skalli
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Pavel Dráber
- Laboratory of Biology of Cytoskeleton, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Das A, Chakrabarty S, Nag D, Paul S, Ganguli A, Chakrabarti G. Heavy water (D 2O) induces autophagy-dependent apoptotic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon microtubule disruption. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105703. [PMID: 37751786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deuterium oxide (D2O) or heavy water is known to have diverse biological activities and have a few therapeutic applications due to its limited toxicity to human subjects. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of D2O-induced cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. RESULTS We found that D2O-treatment resulted in cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in A549 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, limited cytotoxicity was observed in lung fibroblasts WI38 cells. Moreover, D2O-treatment resulted in the disruption of the cellular microtubule network, accompanied by the generation of ROS. On further investigation, we observed that the intracellular ROS triggered autophagic responses in D2O-treated cells, leading to apoptosis by inhibiting the oncogenic PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR signaling. D2O-treatment was also found to enhance the efficacy of paclitaxel in A549 cells. SIGNIFICANCE D2O induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis in A549 cells via ROS generation upon microtubule depolymerization and inhibition of PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR signaling. It augments the efficacy of other microtubule-targeting anticancer drug taxol, which indicates the potential therapeutic importance of D2O as an anticancer agent either alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Das
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India; Department of Biochemistry, Royal School of Biosciences, The Assam Royal Global University, Assam 781035, India.
| | - Subhendu Chakrabarty
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India; Department of Microbiology, M.U.C. Women's College, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104, India
| | - Debasish Nag
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Santanu Paul
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, West Bengal 700121, India
| | - Arnab Ganguli
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, West Bengal 700091, India
| | - Gopal Chakrabarti
- Department of Biotechnology and Dr. B.C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India.
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Milosevic E, Stanisavljevic N, Boskovic S, Stamenkovic N, Novkovic M, Bavelloni A, Cenni V, Kojic S, Jasnic J. Antitumor activity of natural pigment violacein against osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10975-10987. [PMID: 37270734 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sarcomas are rare and heterogenic tumors with unclear etiology. They develop in bone and connective tissue, mainly in pediatric patients. To increase efficacy of current therapeutic options, natural products showing selective toxicity to tumor cells are extensively investigated. Here, we evaluated antitumor activity of bacterial pigment violacein in osteosarcoma (OS) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines. METHODS The toxicity of violacein was assessed in vitro and in vivo, using MTT assay and FET test. The effect of violacein on cell migration was monitored by wound healing assay, cell death by flow cytometry, uptake of violacein by fluorescence microscopy, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by DCFH-DA assay and lipid peroxidation by TBARS assay. RESULTS Violacein IC50 values for OS and RMS cells were in a range from 0.35 to 0.88 µM. Its selectivity toward malignant phenotype was confirmed on non-cancer V79-4 cells, and it was safe in vivo, for zebrafish embryos in doses up to 1 µM. Violacein induced apoptosis and affected the migratory potential of OS and RMS cells. It was found on the surfaces of tested cells. Regarding the mechanism of action, violacein acted on OS and RMS cells independently of oxidative signaling, as judged by no increase in intracellular ROS generation and no lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION Our study provided further evidence that reinforces the potential of violacein as an anticancer agent and candidate to consider for improvement of the effectiveness of traditional OS and RMS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Milosevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stanisavljevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Boskovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Stamenkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Novkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi-Luca Cavalli-Sforza" Unit of Bologna, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Snezana Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jasnic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042, Belgrade, Serbia.
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8
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Hoti Q, Rustem DG, Dalmizrak O. Avermectin B1a Shows Potential Anti-Proliferative and Anticancer Effects in HCT-116 Cells via Enhancing the Stability of Microtubules. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6272-6282. [PMID: 37623214 PMCID: PMC10452980 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Avermectins are a group of macrocyclic lactones that are commonly used as pesticides to treat pests and parasitic worms. Some members of the avermectin family, such as ivermectin, have been found to exhibit anti-proliferative activity toward cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-cancer activities of avermectin B1a using the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line. The MTT assay was used to calculate the IC50 by incubating cells with increasing doses of avermectin B1a for 24, 48, and 72 h. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis following the 24 h incubation of cells. The migration capacity of the HCT-116 cells in the absence or presence of avermectin B1a was also investigated. Finally, tubulin polymerization in the presence of avermectin B1a was evaluated. Avermectin B1a presented anti-proliferative activity with an IC50 value of 30 μM. Avermectin B1a was found to promote tubulin polymerization at 30 μM. In addition, avermectin B1a induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells and substantially diminished their ability to migrate. Avermectin B1a exhibits significant anti-cancer activity and enhances tubulin polymerization, suggesting that it can be used as a promising microtubule-targeting agent for the development of future anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ozlem Dalmizrak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, 99138, Mersin 10, Turkey; (Q.H.); (D.G.R.)
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9
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Lavrsen K, Rajendraprasad G, Leda M, Eibes S, Vitiello E, Katopodis V, Goryachev AB, Barisic M. Microtubule detyrosination drives symmetry breaking to polarize cells for directed cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300322120. [PMID: 37216553 PMCID: PMC10235987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300322120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To initiate directed movement, cells must become polarized, establishing a protrusive leading edge and a contractile trailing edge. This symmetry-breaking process involves reorganization of cytoskeleton and asymmetric distribution of regulatory molecules. However, what triggers and maintains this asymmetry during cell migration remains largely elusive. Here, we established a micropatterning-based 1D motility assay to investigate the molecular basis of symmetry breaking required for directed cell migration. We show that microtubule (MT) detyrosination drives cell polarization by directing kinesin-1-based transport of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein to cortical sites. This is essential for the formation of cell's leading edge during 1D and 3D cell migration. These data, combined with biophysical modeling, unveil a key role for MT detyrosination in the generation of a positive feedback loop linking MT dynamics and kinesin-1-based transport. Thus, symmetry breaking during cell polarization relies on a feedback loop driven by MT detyrosination that supports directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Lavrsen
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Girish Rajendraprasad
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcin Leda
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Eibes
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisa Vitiello
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vasileios Katopodis
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew B. Goryachev
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Beus M, Pongrac IM, Capjak I, Ilić K, Vrček E, Ćurlin M, Milić M, Čermak AMM, Pavičić I. Particle surface functionalization affects mechanism of endocytosis and adverse effects of silver nanoparticles in mammalian kidney cells. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:416-430. [PMID: 36065485 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show a plethora of possible applications due to their antimicrobial properties. Different coatings of AgNPs are used in order to increase stability, availability, and activity. However, the question about the toxicity after prolonged exposure still remains. Here, we show that different surface coatings affect in vitro toxicity and internalization of AgNPs in porcine kidney (PK15) cells. AgNPs coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate (AOT), poly-L-lysine (PLL), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were toxic at the concentration of 10 mg Ag/L and higher. The toxicity increased in the following manner: PVP-AgNPs < CTAB-AgNPs < PLL-AgNPs < AOT-AgNPs < BSA-AgNPs. All types of AgNPs were internalized by the PK15 cells in a dose-dependent manner with greater internalization of AgNPs bearing positive surface charge. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments showed that AgNPs were located in the lysosomal compartments, while the co-treatment with known inhibitors of endocytosis pathways suggested macropinocytosis as the preferred internalization pathway. When inside the cell, all types of AgNPs induced the formation of reactive oxygen species while decreasing the concentration of the cell's endogenous antioxidant glutathione. The comet assay indicated possible genotoxicity of tested AgNPs starting at the concentration of 2 mg Ag/L or higher, depending on the surface functionalization. This study demonstrates the toxicity of AgNPs pointing to the importance of biosafety evaluation when developing novel AgNPs-containing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Beus
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor M Pongrac
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Capjak
- Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Ilić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ena Vrček
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ćurlin
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Guan G, Cannon RD, Coates DE, Mei L. Effect of the Rho-Kinase/ROCK Signaling Pathway on Cytoskeleton Components. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:272. [PMID: 36833199 PMCID: PMC9957420 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells are important in tissue homeostasis and enable cell growth, division, migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mechanical properties are determined to a large extent by the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is a complex and dynamic network composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules. These cellular structures confer both cell shape and mechanical properties. The architecture of the networks formed by the cytoskeleton is regulated by several pathways, a key one being the Rho-kinase/ROCK signaling pathway. This review describes the role of ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase) and how it mediates effects on the key components of the cytoskeleton that are critical for cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhao Guan
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Richard D. Cannon
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Dawn E. Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Li Mei
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, 310 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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12
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Discovery of Simple Diacylhydrazine-Functionalized Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Potential Microtubule Stabilizers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012365. [PMID: 36293224 PMCID: PMC9604255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop novel microtubule-binding agents for cancer therapy, an array of N-cinnamoyl-N'-(substituted)acryloyl hydrazide derivatives were facilely synthesized through a two-step process. Initially, the antiproliferative activity of these title compounds was explored against A549, 98 PC-3 and HepG2 cancer cell lines. Notably, compound I23 exhibited the best antiproliferative activity against three cancer lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.36 to 5.99 μM and concurrently afforded a lower cytotoxicity towards the NRK-52E cells. Anticancer mechanism investigations suggested that the highly bioactive compound I23 could potentially promote the protofilament assembly of tubulin, thus eventually leading to the stagnation of the G2/M phase cell cycle of HepG2 cells. Moreover, compound I23 also disrupted cancer cell migration and significantly induced HepG2 cells apoptosis in a dosage-dependent manner. Additionally, the in silico analysis indicated that compound I23 exhibited an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile. Overall, these easily prepared N-cinnamoyl-N'-(substituted)acryloyl hydrazide derivatives could serve as potential microtubule-interacting agents, probably as novel microtubule-stabilizers.
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13
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Bhattarai RS, Bariwal J, Kumar V, Hao C, Deng S, Li W, Mahato RI. pH-sensitive nanomedicine of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor for lung metastatic melanoma. J Control Release 2022; 350:569-583. [PMID: 36037976 PMCID: PMC10322201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule binding agents such as paclitaxel and vincristine have activity in metastatic melanoma. However, even responsive tumors develop resistance, highlighting the need to investigate new drug molecules. Here, we showed that a new compound, CH-2-102, developed by our group, has high anti-tumor efficacy in human and murine melanoma cells. We confirmed that CH-2-102 robustly suppresses the microtubule polymerization process by directly interacting with the colchicine binding site. Our results unveil that CH-2-102 suppresses microtubule polymerization and subsequently induces G2 phase cell arrest as one of the possible mechanisms. Notably, CH-2-102 maintains its efficacy even in the paclitaxel resistance melanoma cells due to different binding sites and a non-Pgp substrate. We developed a pH-responsive drug-polymer Schiff bases linker for high drug loading into nanoparticles (NPs). Our CH-2-102 conjugated NPs induced tumor regression more effectively than Abraxane® (Nab-paclitaxel, N-PTX), free drug, and non-sensitive NPs in B16-F10 cell-derived lung metastasis mouse model. Furthermore, our results suggest that the formulation has a high impact on the in vivo efficacy of the drug and warrants further investigation in other cancers, particularly taxane resistant. In conclusion, the microtubule polymerization inhibitor CH-2-102 conjugated pH-responsive NPs induce tumor regression in lung metastasis melanoma mice, suggesting it may be an effective strategy for treating metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan S Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jitender Bariwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Chen Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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14
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Time-Series Clustering of Single-Cell Trajectories in Collective Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194587. [PMID: 36230509 PMCID: PMC9559181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we normalized trajectories containing both mesenchymal and epithelial cells to remove the effect of cell location on clustering, and performed a dimensionality reduction on the time series data before clustering. When the clustering results were superimposed on the trajectories prior to normalization, the results still showed similarities in location, indicating that this method can find cells with similar migration patterns. These data highlight the reliability of this method in identifying consistent migration patterns in collective cell migration. Abstract Collective invasion drives multicellular cancer cells to spread to surrounding normal tissues. To fully comprehend metastasis, the methodology of analysis of individual cell migration in tissue should be well developed. Extracting and classifying cells with similar migratory characteristics in a colony would facilitate an understanding of complex cell migration patterns. Here, we used electrospun fibers as the extracellular matrix for the in vitro modeling of collective cell migration, clustering of mesenchymal and epithelial cells based on trajectories, and analysis of collective migration patterns based on trajectory similarity. We normalized the trajectories to eliminate the effect of cell location on clustering and used uniform manifold approximation and projection to perform dimensionality reduction on the time-series data before clustering. When the clustering results were superimposed on the trajectories before normalization, the results still exhibited positional similarity, thereby demonstrating that this method can identify cells with similar migration patterns. The same cluster contained both mesenchymal and epithelial cells, and this result was related to cell location and cell division. These data highlight the reliability of this method in identifying consistent migration patterns during collective cell migration. This provides new insights into the epithelial–mesenchymal interactions that affect migration patterns.
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15
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Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Kroll J, van den Heuvel D, Renkawitz J, Müller-Taubenberger A. Centrosome Positioning in Migrating Dictyostelium Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111776. [PMID: 35681473 PMCID: PMC9179490 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Directional cell migration and the establishment of polarity play an important role in development, wound healing, and host cell defense. While actin polymerization provides the driving force at the cell front, the microtubule network assumes a regulatory function, in coordinating front protrusion and rear retraction. By using Dictyostelium discoideum cells as a model for amoeboid movement in different 2D and 3D environments, the position of the centrosome relative to the nucleus was analyzed using live-cell microscopy. Our results showed that the centrosome was preferentially located rearward of the nucleus under all conditions tested for directed migration, while the nucleus was oriented toward the expanding front. When cells are hindered from straight movement by obstacles, the centrosome is displaced temporarily from its rearward location to the side of the nucleus, but is reoriented within seconds. This relocalization is supported by the presence of intact microtubules and their contact with the cortex. The data suggest that the centrosome is responsible for coordinating microtubules with respect to the nucleus. In summary, we have analyzed the orientation of the centrosome during different modes of migration in an amoeboid model and present evidence that the basic principles of centrosome positioning and movement are conserved between Dictyostelium and human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.I.-A.); (D.v.d.H.)
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Kroll
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (J.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Dominic van den Heuvel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.I.-A.); (D.v.d.H.)
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Renkawitz
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (J.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Annette Müller-Taubenberger
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cell Biology (Anatomy III), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-75873
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16
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Xu D, Shen H, Tian M, Chen W, Zhang X. Cucurbitacin I inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro. J Cancer 2022; 13:2050-2060. [PMID: 35517401 PMCID: PMC9066209 DOI: 10.7150/jca.65875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive solid malignancies, as it has a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. The growth and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells into normal tissues and organs make resection and treatment difficult. Finding an effective chemotherapy drug for this disease is crucial. In this study, we selected the tetracyclic triterpenoid compound cucurbitacin I, which may be used as a potential therapeutic drug for treating pancreatic cancer. First, we found that cucurbitacin I inhibited pancreatic cancer proliferation in a dose-time dependent manner. Further studies have shown that cucurbitacin I blocks the cell cycle of pancreatic cancer in the G2/M phase and induces cell apoptosis. In addition, under the action of the compound, the invasion ability of cells was greatly reduced and markedly impaired the growth of pancreatic tumour xenografts in nude mice. Furthermore, the decrease in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation caused by cucurbitacin I appeared to involve JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway inhibition, and the use of JAK2/STAT3 activators effectively restored the inhibition. In conclusion, our research may provide a basis for the further development of pancreatic cancer treatment drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, China.,Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310000, China
| | - Hongzhang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, China.,Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310000, China
| | - Mengyao Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, China
| | - Wangyang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, China.,Hangzhou Institute of Digestive Diseases, Hangzhou310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Biliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310000, China
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17
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Induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) by epigallocatechin-3-gallate to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SNAI1-overexpressed renal cells: A potential anti-fibrotic strategy. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Deng S, Leong HC, Datta A, Gopal V, Kumar AP, Yap CT. PI3K/AKT Signaling Tips the Balance of Cytoskeletal Forces for Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1652. [PMID: 35406424 PMCID: PMC8997157 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes, which include cell growth, survival, metabolism, and motility. In response to internal and external stimuli, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway co-opts other signaling pathways, cellular components, and cytoskeletal proteins to reshape individual cells. The cytoskeletal network comprises three main components, which are namely the microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. Collectively, they are essential for many fundamental structures and cellular processes. In cancer, aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and alteration of cytoskeletal structures have been observed to be highly prevalent, and eventually contribute to many cancer hallmarks. Due to their critical roles in tumor progression, pharmacological agents targeting PI3K/AKT, along with cytoskeletal components, have been developed for better intervention strategies against cancer. In our review, we first discuss existing evidence in-depth and then build on recent advances to propose new directions for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.G.)
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Hin Chong Leong
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Arpita Datta
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Vennila Gopal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.G.)
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.G.)
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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19
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de Oliveira-Júnior RG, Alves Ferraz CA, de Oliveira AP, da Cruz Araújo EC, Prunier G, Beaugeard L, Groult H, Picot L, de Alencar Filho EB, El Aouad N, Rolim LA, Almeida JRGDS. Bis-nor-diterpene from Cnidoscolus quercifolius (Euphorbiaceae) induces tubulin depolymerization-mediated apoptosis in BRAF-mutated melanoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 355:109849. [PMID: 35150652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of cytotoxic extract and fractions of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl led to isolation of five terpenoids, including three lupane-type triterpenes (1-3) and two bis-nor-diterpenes (4-5). Compounds 4 (phyllacanthone) and 5 (favelanone) are commonly found in this species and have unique chemical structure. Although their cytotoxic activity against cancer cells has been previously reported, the anticancer potential of these molecules remains poorly explored. In this paper, the antimelanoma potential of phyllacanthone (PHY) was described for the first time. Cell viability assay showed a promising cytotoxic activity (IC50 = 40.9 μM) against chemoresistant human melanoma cells expressing the BRAF oncogenic mutation (A2058 cell line). After 72 h of treatment, PHY inhibited cell migration and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed that the pro-apoptotic effect of PHY is probably associated with tubulin depolymerization, resulting in cytoskeleton disruption of melanoma cells. Molecular docking investigation confirmed this hypothesis given that satisfactory interaction between PHY and tubulin was observed, particularly at the colchicine binding site. These results suggest PHY from C. quercifolius could be potential leader for the design of new antimelanoma drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christiane Adrielly Alves Ferraz
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, 56304-205, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, 56304-205, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Edigênia Cavalcante da Cruz Araújo
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, 56304-205, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Grégoire Prunier
- LIENSs UMR CNRS 7266, La Rochelle Université, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Laureen Beaugeard
- LIENSs UMR CNRS 7266, La Rochelle Université, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Hugo Groult
- LIENSs UMR CNRS 7266, La Rochelle Université, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | - Laurent Picot
- LIENSs UMR CNRS 7266, La Rochelle Université, 17042, La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Noureddine El Aouad
- Research Team on Biological Engineering, Agrifood and Aquaculture, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Larache, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Route de Rabat, 92000, Larache, Morocco
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Center for Studies and Research of Medicinal Plants, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, 56304-205, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
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20
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Nganfo WA, Kenfack-Sadem C, Fotué AJ, Ekosso MC, Wopunghwo SN, Fai LC. Dynamics of exciton polaron in microtubule. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08897. [PMID: 35265761 PMCID: PMC8899671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we study the dynamical properties of the exciton-polaron in the microtubule. The study was carried out using a unitary transformation and an approximate diagonalization technique. Analytically, the modeling of exciton-polaron dynamics in microtubules is presented. From this model, the ground state energy, mobility, and entropy of the exciton-polaron are derived as a function of microtubule's parameters. Numerical results show that, depending on the three vibrational modes (protofilament, helix, antihelix) in MTs, exciton-polaron energy is anisotropic and is more present on the protofilament than the helix and absent on the antihelix. Taking into account the variation of the protofilament vibrations by fixing the helix vibrations, exciton-polaron moves between the 1st and 2nd protofilaments. It is seen that the variation of the two vibrations induces mobility of the quasiparticle between the 1st and 15th protofilament. This result points out the importance of helix vibrations on the dynamics of quasiparticles. It is observed that the mobility of the exciton polaron and the entropy of the system are strongly influenced by the vibrations through the protofilament and helix. The effects of the one through the antihelix is negligible. The entropy of the system is similar to that of mobility. Confirming that the quasiparticles move in the protofilament faster than in the helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Nganfo
- Condensed Matter and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Dschang, Po Box 67, Cameroon
| | - C Kenfack-Sadem
- Condensed Matter and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Dschang, Po Box 67, Cameroon
| | - A J Fotué
- Condensed Matter and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Dschang, Po Box 67, Cameroon
| | - M C Ekosso
- Condensed Matter and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Dschang, Po Box 67, Cameroon
| | - S N Wopunghwo
- Condensed Matter and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Dschang, Po Box 67, Cameroon
| | - L C Fai
- Condensed Matter and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, University of Dschang, Po Box 67, Cameroon
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21
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Gaillard J, Blanchoin L, Théry M, Schaedel L. Visualization and Quantification of Microtubule Self-Repair. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2430:279-289. [PMID: 35476339 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1983-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery, several decades ago, microtubule dynamic instability has been the subject of countless studies that demonstrate its impact on cellular behavior in health and disease. Recent studies reveal a new dimension of microtubule dynamics. Microtubules are not only dynamic at their tips but also exhibit loss and incorporation of tubulin subunits along their lattice far from the tips. Although this phenomenon has been observed to occur under various conditions in vitro as well as in cells, many questions remain regarding the regulation of lattice dynamics and their contribution to overall microtubule network organization and function. Compared to microtubule tip dynamics, the dynamics of tubulin incorporation along the lattice are more challenging to investigate as they are hidden in classical experimental setups, which is likely the reason they were overlooked for a long time. In this chapter, we present a strategy to visualize and quantify the incorporation of tubulin subunits into the microtubule lattice in vitro. The proposed method does not require specialized equipment and can thus be carried out readily in most research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gaillard
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Phyiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Phyiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, UMRS1160, CytoMorpho Lab, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Théry
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, Biosciences & Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Phyiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, CytoMorpho Lab, Grenoble, France
- Univ. Paris Diderot, INSERM, CEA, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, UMRS1160, CytoMorpho Lab, Paris, France
| | - Laura Schaedel
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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22
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Stoiber P, Scribani Rossi P, Pokharel N, Germany JL, York EA, Schaus SE, Hansen U. Factor quinolinone inhibitors alter cell morphology and motility by destabilizing interphase microtubules. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23564. [PMID: 34876605 PMCID: PMC8651680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor quinolinone inhibitors are promising anti-cancer compounds, initially characterized as specific inhibitors of the oncogenic transcription factor LSF (TFCP2). These compounds exert anti-proliferative activity at least in part by disrupting mitotic spindles. Herein, we report additional interphase consequences of the initial lead compound, FQI1, in two telomerase immortalized cell lines. Within minutes of FQI1 addition, the microtubule network is disrupted, resulting in a substantial, although not complete, depletion of microtubules as evidenced both by microtubule sedimentation assays and microscopy. Surprisingly, this microtubule breakdown is quickly followed by an increase in tubulin acetylation in the remaining microtubules. The sudden breakdown and partial depolymerization of the microtubule network precedes FQI1-induced morphological changes. These involve rapid reduction of cell spreading of interphase fetal hepatocytes and increase in circularity of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Microtubule depolymerization gives rise to FH-B cell compaction, as pretreatment with taxol prevents this morphological change. Finally, FQI1 decreases the rate and range of locomotion of interphase cells, supporting an impact of FQI1-induced microtubule breakdown on cell motility. Taken together, our results show that FQI1 interferes with microtubule-associated functions in interphase, specifically cell morphology and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stoiber
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558MCBB Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Pietro Scribani Rossi
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.7841.aPresent Address: Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Niranjana Pokharel
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Jean-Luc Germany
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Emily A. York
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Scott E. Schaus
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Center for Molecular Discovery, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Ulla Hansen
- MCBB Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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23
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Post-translational modifications of tubulin: their role in cancers and the regulation of signaling molecules. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 30:521-528. [PMID: 34671113 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules play an important role in regulating several vital cellular activities, including cell division and tissue organization, through their dynamic protofilament network. In addition to forming the cytoskeleton, microtubules regulate the intracellular trafficking of cytoplasmic components and various signaling molecules, depending on the presence of post-transitional modifications (PTMs) and binding proteins. Accumulating evidence indicates the significant role of microtubule PTMs on cancer behavior. The PTMs that frequently occur on microtubules include acetylation, detyrosination, tyrosination, polyglutamylation, and polyglycylation. Alterations in these PTMs cause global effects on intracellular signal transduction, strongly linked to cancer pathogenesis. This review provides an update on the role of microtubule PTMs in cancer aggressiveness, particularly regarding cell death, sensitivity to chemotherapy, cell migration, and invasion. Additionally, it provides a mechanistic explanation of the molecular signaling pathways involved. This information might prove useful for predictive or therapeutic purposes.
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24
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Chatterjee D, Chakrabarti O. Role of stress granules in modulating senescence and promoting cancer progression: Special emphasis on glioma. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:551-561. [PMID: 34460104 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) contain mRNAs and proteins stalled in translation during stress; these are increasingly being implicated in diseases, including neurological disorders and cancer. The dysregulated assembly, persistence, disassembly and clearance of SGs contribute to the process of senescence. Senescence has long been a mysterious player in cellular physiology and associated diseases. The systemic process of aging has been pivotal in the development of various neurological disorders like age-related neuropathy, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Glioma is a cancer of neurological origin with a very poor prognosis and high rate of recurrence, SGs have only recently been implicated in its pathogenesis. Senescence has long been established to play an antitumorigenic role, however, relatively less studied is its protumorigenic importance. Here, we have evaluated the existing literature to assess the crosstalk of the two biological phenomena of senescence and SG formation in the context of tumorigenesis. In this review, we have attempted to analyze the contribution of senescence in regulating diverse cellular processes, like, senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP), microtubular reorganization, telomeric alteration, autophagic clearance and how intricately these phenomena are tied with the formation of SGs. Finally, we propose that interplay between senescence, its contributing factors and the genesis of SGs can drive tumorigenicity of gliomas, which can potentially be utilized for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmita Chatterjee
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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25
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Looi ML, Wong AKH, Gnapragasan SA, Japri AZ, Rajedadram A, Pin KY. Anti-migratory effects of Piper betle leaf aqueous extract on cancer cells and its microtubule targeting properties. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:745-748. [PMID: 32893531 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Piper betle (PB), also known as "betel" in Malay language, is a tropical Asian vine. PB leaves are commonly chewed by Asians along with betel quid. It contains phenols such as eugenol and hydroxychavicol along with chlorophyll, β-carotene, and vitamin C (Salehi et al., 2019). Extracts from PB leaves have various medicinal properties including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects (Salehi et al., 2019). Previous research has shown that PB induces cell cycle arrest at late S or G2/M phase and causes apoptosis at higher doses (Wu et al., 2014; Guha Majumdar and Subramanian, 2019). A combination of PB leaf extract has also been shown to enhance the cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in cancer cells (Ng et al., 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Lee Looi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Alwyn Khai Howe Wong
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Shelly Anne Gnapragasan
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Anis Zafirah Japri
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Aiysvariyah Rajedadram
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kar Yong Pin
- Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan 52109, Malaysia
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26
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Mohapatra S, Gupta V, Mondal P, Chatterjee S, Bhunia D, Ghosh S. A Small Molecule with Bridged Carbonyl and Tri-fluoro-aceto-phenone Groups Impedes Microtubule Dynamics and Subsequently Triggers Cancer Cell Apoptosis. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2703-2714. [PMID: 33983670 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We identified a new microtubule targeted small molecule, which showed significant anticancer activity and induced apoptotic death of cancer cells. Precisely the central bridged carbonyl group and trifluoro-acetophenone group of a bis-benzothiazole molecule (BBT) interacts with tubulin close to the curcumin site and perturbs microtubule dynamics as well as causes microtubule depolymerization. We observed a significant enhancement of fluorescence while BBT interacts with the tubulin through bridged carbonyl moiety, a similar phenomenon to colchicine. Further, BBT activates tumor-suppressing bim and p53-puma axes to inhibit cancer survival. It also shows promising results against a tumor spheroid model. BBT is also capable of tumor regression, which shows that this molecule can serve as a potential template for the design of next-generation microtubule targeted anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswat Mohapatra
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Prasenjit Mondal
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Shreyam Chatterjee
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Debmalya Bhunia
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 62, Surpura Bypass Road, Karwar, Rajasthan, 342037, India.,Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
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27
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Datta A, Deng S, Gopal V, Yap KCH, Halim CE, Lye ML, Ong MS, Tan TZ, Sethi G, Hooi SC, Kumar AP, Yap CT. Cytoskeletal Dynamics in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition: Insights into Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1882. [PMID: 33919917 PMCID: PMC8070945 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells, a vital cellular process during metastasis is the transformation of epithelial cells towards motile mesenchymal cells called the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The cytoskeleton is an active network of three intracellular filaments: actin cytoskeleton, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. These filaments play a central role in the structural design and cell behavior and are necessary for EMT. During EMT, epithelial cells undergo a cellular transformation as manifested by cell elongation, migration, and invasion, coordinated by actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The actin cytoskeleton is an extremely dynamic structure, controlled by a balance of assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. Actin-binding proteins regulate the process of actin polymerization and depolymerization. Microtubule reorganization also plays an important role in cell migration and polarization. Intermediate filaments are rearranged, switching to a vimentin-rich network, and this protein is used as a marker for a mesenchymal cell. Hence, targeting EMT by regulating the activities of their key components may be a potential solution to metastasis. This review summarizes the research done on the physiological functions of the cytoskeleton, its role in the EMT process, and its effect on multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells-highlight some future perspectives in cancer therapy by targeting cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Datta
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Shuo Deng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Vennila Gopal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Kenneth Chun-Hong Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Clarissa Esmeralda Halim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Mun Leng Lye
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Mei Shan Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Shing Chuan Hooi
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Celestial T. Yap
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (A.D.); (S.D.); (V.G.); (K.C.-H.Y.); (C.E.H.); (M.L.L.); (M.S.O.); (S.C.H.)
- Cancer Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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28
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Kauanova S, Urazbayev A, Vorobjev I. The Frequent Sampling of Wound Scratch Assay Reveals the "Opportunity" Window for Quantitative Evaluation of Cell Motility-Impeding Drugs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640972. [PMID: 33777948 PMCID: PMC7991799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing assay performed with automated microscopy is widely used in drug testing, cancer cell analysis, and similar approaches. It is easy to perform, and the results are reproducible. However, it is usually used as a semi-quantitative approach because of inefficient image segmentation in transmitted light microscopy. Recently, several algorithms for wound healing quantification were suggested, but none of them was tested on a large dataset. In the current study, we develop a pipeline allowing to achieve correct segmentation of the wound edges in >95% of pictures and extended statistical data processing to eliminate errors of cell culture artifacts. Using this tool, we collected data on wound healing dynamics of 10 cell lines with 10 min time resolution. We determine that the overall kinetics of wound healing is non-linear; however, all cell lines demonstrate linear wound closure dynamics in a 6-h window between the fifth and 12th hours after scratching. We next analyzed microtubule-inhibiting drugs’, nocodazole, vinorelbine, and Taxol, action on the kinetics of wound healing in the drug concentration-dependent way. Within this time window, the measurements of velocity of the cell edge allow the detection of statistically significant data when changes did not exceed 10–15%. All cell lines show decrease in the wound healing velocity at millimolar concentrations of microtubule inhibitors. However, dose-dependent response was cell line specific and drug specific. Cell motility was completely inhibited (edge velocity decreased 100%), while in others, it decreased only slightly (not more than 50%). Nanomolar doses (10–100 nM) of microtubule inhibitors in some cases even elevated cell motility. We speculate that anti-microtubule drugs might have specific effects on cell motility not related to the inhibition of the dynamic instability of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sholpan Kauanova
- School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Arshat Urazbayev
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivan Vorobjev
- School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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29
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Sakai M, Yoshimura R. Mechanotransduction-Targeting Drugs Attenuate Stiffness-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation in Vitro. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:416-421. [PMID: 33328427 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In hepatitis, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) produce collagens, causing liver fibrosis. Microenvironmental stiffness is a known trigger of HSC activation and is communicated through mechanotransduction. Cell proliferation, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type Iα (Col1α) are indicative of activated HSCs. We hypothesized that certain compounds could interfere with the HSC's recognition of microenvironmental stiffness by blocking cell adhesion signaling. To verify the potential of mechanotransduction, and in particular of focal adhesion proteins, as liver fibrosis drug targets, we evaluated existing drugs. We examined the effects of the integrin antagonist, BS-1417; the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor, defactinib; the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, roscovitine; and two microtubule modulators, paclitaxel and colchicine, on stiffness-induced HSC activation. To determine the extent of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) participation in mechanotransduction, we measured gene expression levels of α-SMA and Col1α. We also measured ATP levels to determine cell number. Results revealed that interestingly, although TGF-β did not show additional HSC activation after stiffness stimulation, the TGF-β receptor inhibitor, SB525334, markedly suppressed stiffness-induced α-SMA and Col1α mRNA expression. BS-1417, roscovitine, defactinib and colchicine suppressed α-SMA and Col1α mRNA expression as well as the number of HSCs. Paclitaxel also suppressed stiffness-induced α-SMA mRNA expression and the number of HSCs, but mildly reduced that of Col1α mRNA. Together, these results show that an integrin antagonist and mechanotransduction-targeting drugs reduced stiffness-induced HSC activation in a dose-dependent fashion. The targeting of focal adhesion proteins involved in mechanotransduction is promising in liver fibrosis drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsuko Sakai
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology
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30
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Zong H, Hazelbaker M, Moe C, Ems-McClung SC, Hu K, Walczak CE. Spatial regulation of MCAK promotes cell polarization and focal adhesion turnover to drive robust cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:590-604. [PMID: 33566676 PMCID: PMC8101467 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-05-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric distribution of microtubule (MT) dynamics in migrating cells is important for cell polarization, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain underexplored. Here, we addressed this question by studying the role of the MT depolymerase, MCAK (mitotic centromere-associated kinesin), in the highly persistent migration of RPE-1 cells. MCAK knockdown leads to slowed migration and poor directional movement. Fixed and live cell imaging revealed that MCAK knockdown results in excessive membrane ruffling as well as defects in cell polarization and the maintenance of a major protrusive front. Additionally, loss of MCAK increases the lifetime of focal adhesions by decreasing their disassembly rate. These functions correlate with a spatial distribution of MCAK activity, wherein activity is higher in the trailing edge of cells compared with the leading edge. Overexpression of Rac1 has a dominant effect over MCAK activity, placing it downstream of or in a parallel pathway to MCAK function in migration. Together, our data support a model in which the polarized distribution of MCAK activity and subsequent differential regulation of MT dynamics contribute to cell polarity, centrosome positioning, and focal adhesion dynamics, which all help facilitate robust directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Zong
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Mark Hazelbaker
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Christina Moe
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | | | - Ke Hu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - Claire E Walczak
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405
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31
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Humeau J, Bezu L, Kepp O, Senovilla L, Liu P, Kroemer G. Quantification of eIF2α Phosphorylation Associated with Mitotic Catastrophe by Immunofluorescence Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2267:217-226. [PMID: 33786795 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1217-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe is an oncosuppressive mechanism that drives cells toward senescence or death when an error occurs during mitosis. Eukaryotic cells have developed adaptive signaling pathways to cope with stress. The phosphorylation on serine 51 of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF2α) is a highly conserved event in stress responses, including the one that is activated upon treatment with mitotic catastrophe inducing agents, such as microtubular poisons or actin blockers. The protocol described herein details a method to quantify the phosphorylation of eIF2α by high-throughput immunofluorescence microscopy. This method is useful to capture the 'integrated stress response', which is characterized by eIF2α phosphorylation in the context of mitotic catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Humeau
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Lucillia Bezu
- Cell biology and metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Cell biology and metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Peng Liu
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Cell biology and metabolomics platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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32
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Yang YW, Marrufo A, Chase J, Woodard GA, Jablons DM, Lemjabbar-Alaoui H. Ponatinib is a potential therapeutic approach for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Exp Lung Res 2020; 47:9-25. [PMID: 33107354 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1836691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and deadly malignancy. Current MPM therapies remain inadequate, and outcomes are often disappointing. New meaningful therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Accumulating evidence indicates that the cAbl pathway promotes various tumor-stimulating processes in MPM. In this study, we sought to determine ponatinib's potential utility, a clinically approved and potent cAbl inhibitor, in MPM treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four MPM lines (MSTO211H, H28, H2452, H2052) were treated with ponatinib in vitro, and their growth was assessed. Scratch wound assay was used to investigate the ponatinib effect on cell migration. The expression levels of pAbl and its downstream effectors pCrkL, pAKT, and pSTAT5 were characterized. The in vivo ponatinib effect was evaluated in human MPM cells derived tumor model. RESULTS In all four MPM lines, significant expression levels of phosphorylated cAbl/Arg and pCrkl were observed. Differentially but strongly, ponatinib inhibited the in vitro cell growth and migration of all four MPM line. Western blot analysis showed that the activation of Abl signaling was blocked in the ponatinib-treated MMP lines. In keeping, the cellular levels of pAbl and its downstream effector pCrkL, pAKT, and pSTAT5 were markedly decrease following ponatinib treatment. Moreover, ponatinib treatment amplified the levels of γH2AX in cells denoting increased double-strand DNA breaks levels. Notably, ponatinib treatment reduced in vivo tumor growth and reduced pCrkl and pSTAT5 levels in tumor samples. CONCLUSION Ponatinib may offer a new therapeutic strategy for MPM patients based on cAbl signaling pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Yang
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Angelica Marrufo
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jillian Chase
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gavitt A Woodard
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David M Jablons
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hassan Lemjabbar-Alaoui
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Ghosh S, Lalani R, Maiti K, Banerjee S, Bhatt H, Bobde YS, Patel V, Biswas S, Bhowmick S, Misra A. Synergistic co-loading of vincristine improved chemotherapeutic potential of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin against triple negative breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 31:102320. [PMID: 33075540 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current work aims to explore the biological characteristics of vincristine synergistic co-loading into pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in non-indicated modalities of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The combinatorial liposome prepared by active co-loading of the drugs against modified ammonium ion gradient exhibited 95% encapsulation of both drugs. The cellular uptake studies using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed significantly increased uptake of dual drug formulation as against liposomal doxorubicin. The co-loaded liposome formulation had significantly increased cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase with subsequent apoptosis and reduced cell viability in both tumor cell lines than doxorubicin liposome. This carrier exhibited similar acute toxicity, pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles with significant increase in tumor regression as compared to liposomal doxorubicin. These results indicate that co-encapsulation of vincristine into clinically used pegylated liposomal doxorubicin significantly improved in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic efficacy against NSCLC and TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; Formulation Development Department - Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rohan Lalani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Kuntal Maiti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; Formulation Development Department - Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Shubhadeep Banerjee
- Formulation Development Department - Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Himanshu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Yamini Shankar Bobde
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vivek Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Subhas Bhowmick
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; Formulation Development Department - Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ambikanandan Misra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalabhavan Campus, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; Pharmaceutical Research, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Lemjabbar-Alaoui H, Peto CJ, Yang YW, Jablons DM. AMXI-5001, a novel dual parp1/2 and microtubule polymerization inhibitor for the treatment of human cancers. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2649-2676. [PMID: 32905466 PMCID: PMC7471353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has recently emerged as a central mediator in cancer resistance against numerous anticancer agents to include chemotherapeutic agents such as microtubule targeting agents and DNA damaging agents. Here, we describe AMXI-5001, a novel, highly potent dual PARP1/2 and microtubule polymerization inhibitor with favorable metabolic stability, oral bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic properties. The potency and selectivity of AMXI-5001 were determined by biochemical assays. Anticancer activity either as a single-agent or in combination with other antitumor agents was evaluated in vitro. In vivo antitumor activity as a single-agent was assessed in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model. AMXI-5001 demonstrates comparable IC50 inhibition against PARP and microtubule polymerization as clinical PARP inhibitors (Olaparib, Rucaparib, Niraparib, and Talazoparib) and the potent polymerization inhibitor (Vinblastine), respectively. In vitro, AMXI-5001 exhibited selective antitumor cytotoxicity across a wide variety of human cancer cells with much lower IC50s than existing clinical PARP1/2 inhibitors. AMXI-5001 is highly active in both BRCA mutated and wild type cancers. AMXI-5001 is orally bioavailable. AMXI-5001 elicited a remarkable In vivo preclinical anti-tumor activity in a BRCA mutated TNBC model. Oral administration of AMXI-5001 induced complete regression of established tumors, including exceedingly large tumors. AMXI-5001 resulted in superior anti-tumor effects compared to either single agent (PARP or microtubule) inhibitor or combination with both agents. AMXI-5001 will enter clinical trial testing soon and represents a promising, novel first in class dual PARP1/2 and microtubule polymerization inhibitor that delivers continuous and synchronous one-two punch cancer therapy with one molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Lemjabbar-Alaoui
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Csaba J Peto
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Yang
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - David M Jablons
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Oncology Program, University of California San Francisco 94143, USA
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Kim KJ, Kim JW, Sung JH, Suh KJ, Lee JY, Kim SH, Lee JO, Kim JW, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Bang SM, Lee JS, Kim HK, Lee KW. PI3K-targeting strategy using alpelisib to enhance the antitumor effect of paclitaxel in human gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12308. [PMID: 32704014 PMCID: PMC7378194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations are frequently observed in various human cancers including gastric cancer (GC). This study was conducted to investigate the anti-tumor effects of alpelisib, a PI3K p110α-specific inhibitor, using preclinical models of GC. In addition, the combined effects of alpelisib and paclitaxel on GC were evaluated. Among the SNU1, SNU16, SNU484, SNU601, SNU638, SNU668, AGS, and MKN1 GC cells, three PIK3CA-mutant cells were predominantly sensitive to alpelisib. Alpelisib monotherapy decreased AKT and S6K1 phosphorylation and induced G0/G1 phase arrest regardless of PIK3CA mutational status. The alpelisib and paclitaxel combination demonstrated synergistic anti-proliferative effects, preferentially on PIK3CA-mutant cells, resulting in increased DNA damage response and apoptosis. In addition, alpelisib and paclitaxel combination potentiated anti-migratory activity in PIK3CA-mutant cells. Alpelisib partially reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers in PIK3CA-mutant cells. In a xenograft model of MKN1 cells, the alpelisib and paclitaxel combination significantly enhanced anti-tumor activity by decreasing Ki-67 expression and increasing apoptosis. Moreover, this combination tended to prolong the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our data suggest promising anti-tumor efficacy of alpelisib alone or in combination with paclitaxel in PIK3CA-mutant GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui-Jin Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hea Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Jin Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Mee Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hark Kyun Kim
- National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Lucia U, Grisolia G, Ponzetto A, Bergandi L, Silvagno F. Thermomagnetic resonance affects cancer growth and motility. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200299. [PMID: 32874627 PMCID: PMC7428280 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The fight against a multifaceted incurable disease such as cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach to overcome the multitude of molecular defects at its origin. Here, a new thermophysical biochemical approach has been suggested and associated with the use of electromagnetic fields to control the growth of cancer cells. In particular, thermodynamic analysis of the heat transfer is developed in correlation with cellular parameters such as the volume/area ratio. We propose that the electromagnetic wave, at the specific frequency calculated as the characteristic response time of any cell type to the external thermal perturbation, can affect resonant intracellular molecular oscillations. The biochemical model hypothesizes that microtubules are stabilized, and the impact is predicted on cell growth, migration and mitochondrial activity. Experimental validation of the theoretical results shows that the thermodynamic analysis allows the application of the specific electromagnetic field able to decrease cancer cell invasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisolia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Bergandi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Author for correspondence: Francesca Silvagno e-mail:
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Abdelkarim H, Hitchinson B, Qu X, Banerjee A, Komarova YA, Gaponenko V. NMR resonance assignment and structure prediction of the C-terminal domain of the microtubule end-binding protein 3. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232338. [PMID: 32421702 PMCID: PMC7233555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
End-binding proteins (EBs) associate with the growing microtubule plus ends to regulate microtubule dynamics as well as the interaction with intracellular structures. EB3 contributes to pathological vascular leakage through interacting with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 3 (IP3R3), a calcium channel located at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. The C-terminal domain of EB3 (residues 200–281) is functionally important for this interaction because it contains the effector binding sites, a prerequisite for EB3 activity and specificity. Structural data for this domain is limited. Here, we report the backbone chemical shift assignments for the human EB3 C-terminal domain and computationally explore its EB3 conformations. Backbone assignments, along with computational models, will allow future investigation of EB3 structural dynamics, interactions with effectors, and will facilitate the development of novel EB3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Abdelkarim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ben Hitchinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Yulia A. Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YAK); (VG)
| | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YAK); (VG)
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38
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Polymethoxyflavones from Gardenia oudiepe (Rubiaceae) induce cytoskeleton disruption-mediated apoptosis and sensitize BRAF-mutated melanoma cells to chemotherapy. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109109. [PMID: 32376239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 10 natural and semisynthetic flavonoids (1 to 10) were obtained from Gardenia oudiepe (Rubiaceae), an endemic plant from New Caledonia. Most of them were polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) of rare occurrence. After a cell viability screening test, PMFs 2 and 3 showed significant cytotoxic activity against A2058 human melanoma cells (IC50 = 3.92 and 8.18 μM, respectively) and were selected for in-depth pharmacological assays. Both compounds inhibited cell migration and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest after 72h of treatment. Immunofluorescence assays indicated that these outcomes were possibly related to the induction of cytoskeleton disruption associated to actin and tubulin depolymerization. These data were confirmed by molecular docking studies, which showed a good interaction between PMFs 2 and 3 and tubulin, particularly at the colchicine binding site. As A2058 are considered as chemoresistant to conventional chemotherapy, compounds 2 and 3 (½IC50) were associated to clinically-used antimelanoma drugs (vemurafenib and dacarbazine) and combined therapies efficacy was assessed by the MTT assay. PMFs 2 restored the sensitivity of A2058 cells to dacarbazine treatment (IC50 = 49.38 μM vs. >100 μM). Taken together, these data suggest that PMFs from G. oudiepe could be potential leaders for the design of new antimelanoma drugs.
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Du M, Wang G, Barsukov IL, Gross SR, Smith R, Rudland PS. Direct interaction of metastasis-inducing S100P protein with tubulin causes enhanced cell migration without changes in cell adhesion. Biochem J 2020; 477:1159-1178. [PMID: 32065231 PMCID: PMC7108782 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of S100P promotes breast cancer metastasis in animals and elevated levels in primary breast cancers are associated with poor patient outcomes. S100P can differentially interact with nonmuscle myosin (NM) isoforms (IIA > IIC > IIB) leading to the redistribution of actomyosin filaments to enhance cell migration. Using COS-7 cells which do not naturally express NMIIA, S100P is now shown to interact directly with α,β-tubulin in vitro and in vivo with an equilibrium Kd of 2-3 × 10-7 M. The overexpressed S100P is located mainly in nuclei and microtubule organising centres (MTOC) and it significantly reduces their number, slows down tubulin polymerisation and enhances cell migration in S100P-induced COS-7 or HeLa cells. It fails, however, to significantly reduce cell adhesion, in contrast with NMIIA-containing S100P-inducible HeLa cells. When taxol is used to stabilise MTs or colchicine to dissociate MTs, S100P's stimulation of migration is abolished. Affinity-chromatography of tryptic digests of α and β-tubulin on S100P-bound beads identifies multiple S100P-binding sites consistent with S100P binding to all four half molecules in gel-overlay assays. When screened by NMR and ITC for interacting with S100P, four chemically synthesised peptides show interactions with low micromolar dissociation constants. The two highest affinity peptides significantly inhibit binding of S100P to α,β-tubulin and, when tagged for cellular entry, also inhibit S100P-induced reduction in tubulin polymerisation and S100P-enhancement of COS-7 or HeLa cell migration. A third peptide incapable of interacting with S100P also fails in this respect. Thus S100P can interact directly with two different cytoskeletal filaments to independently enhance cell migration, the most important step in the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Guozheng Wang
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Igor L. Barsukov
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Stephane R. Gross
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Richard Smith
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Philip S. Rudland
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
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40
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He J, Huang H, Du Y, Peng D, Zhou Y, Li Y, Wang H, Zhou Y, Nie Y. Association of DCBLD2 upregulation with tumor progression and poor survival in colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 43:409-420. [PMID: 32166582 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DCBLD2 expression dysregulation has been reported in several types of human cancer. As yet, however, the role of DCBLD2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is not known. METHODS CRC tissues were obtained from patients undergoing surgery from February 2009 to May 2014 (n = 90). Tissue microarray construction and immunohistochemistry were carried out to determine DCBLD2 expression. In vivo studies were performed in 4-week-old BALB/c nude mice. In vitro studies were conducted using CRC-derived HT29 and HCT116 cell lines. RESULTS DCBLD2 expression was found to be significantly increased in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that DCBLD2 expression was positively correlated with the stage of the disease, the degree of differentiation and vascular invasion. High DCBLD2 expression was significantly associated with a poor overall survival. In vitro, DCBLD2 expression downregulation significantly reduced CRC cell proliferation and invasion. In a mouse xenograft model, DCBLD2 expression downregulation reduced lung metastasis and increased overall survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that DCBLD2 overexpression induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activates the JAK/STAT3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS We found that high DCBLD2 expression correlated with a poor clinical outcome, as well as tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. DCBLD2 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yanlei Du
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Dong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Youlian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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Altonsy MO, Ganguly A, Amrein M, Surmanowicz P, Li SS, Lauzon GJ, Mydlarski PR. Beta3-Tubulin is Critical for Microtubule Dynamics, Cell Cycle Regulation, and Spontaneous Release of Microvesicles in Human Malignant Melanoma Cells (A375). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051656. [PMID: 32121295 PMCID: PMC7084453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs), microfilaments, and intermediate filaments, the main constituents of the cytoskeleton, undergo continuous structural changes (metamorphosis), which are central to cellular growth, division, and release of microvesicles (MVs). Altered MTs dynamics, uncontrolled proliferation, and increased production of MVs are hallmarks of carcinogenesis. Class III beta-tubulin (β3-tubulin), one of seven β-tubulin isotypes, is a primary component of MT, which correlates with enhanced neoplastic cell survival, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. We studied the effects of β3-tubulin gene silencing on MTs dynamics, cell cycle, and MVs release in human malignant melanoma cells (A375). The knockdown of β3-tubulin induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, impaired MTs dynamics, and reduced spontaneous MVs release. Additional studies are therefore required to elucidate the pathophysiologic and therapeutic role of β3-tubulin in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O. Altonsy
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Anutosh Ganguly
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Matthias Amrein
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Philip Surmanowicz
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Shu Shun Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Gilles J. Lauzon
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
| | - P. Régine Mydlarski
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada; (M.O.A.); (A.G.); (P.S.); (G.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-955-8345; Fax: +1-403-955-8200
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Sferra A, Petrini S, Bellacchio E, Nicita F, Scibelli F, Dentici ML, Alfieri P, Cestra G, Bertini ES, Zanni G. TUBB Variants Underlying Different Phenotypes Result in Altered Vesicle Trafficking and Microtubule Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041385. [PMID: 32085672 PMCID: PMC7073044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulinopathies are rare neurological disorders caused by alterations in tubulin structure and function, giving rise to a wide range of brain abnormalities involving neuronal proliferation, migration, differentiation and axon guidance. TUBB is one of the ten β-tubulin encoding genes present in the human genome and is broadly expressed in the developing central nervous system and the skin. Mutations in TUBB are responsible for two distinct pathological conditions: the first is characterized by microcephaly and complex structural brain malformations and the second, also known as “circumferential skin creases Kunze type” (CSC-KT), is associated to neurological features, excess skin folding and growth retardation. We used a combination of immunocytochemical and cellular approaches to explore, on patients’ derived fibroblasts, the functional consequences of two TUBB variants: the novel mutation (p.N52S), associated with basal ganglia and cerebellar dysgenesis, and the previously reported variant (p.M73T), linked to microcephaly, corpus callosum agenesis and CSC-KT skin phenotype. Our results demonstrate that these variants impair microtubule (MT) function and dynamics. Most importantly, our studies show an altered epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transferrin (Tf) intracellular vesicle trafficking in both patients’ fibroblasts, suggesting a specific role of TUBB in MT-dependent vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Sferra
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.N.); (E.S.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Department of Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.N.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Francesco Scibelli
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Maria Lisa Dentici
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Alfieri
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (P.A.)
| | - Gianluca Cestra
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR) and University of Rome “Sapienza”, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.N.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.N.); (E.S.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (G.Z.)
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Sobierajska K, Ciszewski WM, Sacewicz-Hofman I, Niewiarowska J. Endothelial Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1234:71-86. [PMID: 32040856 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37184-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical process required for tumor progression. Newly formed blood vessels provide nutrition and oxygen to the tumor contributing to its growth and development. However, endothelium also plays other functions that promote tumor metastasis. It is involved in intravasation, which allows invasive cancer cells to translocate into the blood vessel lumen. This phenomenon is an important stage for cancer metastasis. Besides direct association with cancer development, endothelial cells are one of the main sources of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The heterogeneous group of CAFs is the main inductor of migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells. Therefore, the endothelium is also indirectly responsible for metastasis. Considering the above, the endothelium is one of the important targets of anticancer therapy. In the chapter, we will present mechanisms regulating endothelial function, dependent on cancer and cancer niche cells. We will focus on possibilities of suppressing pro-metastatic endothelial functions, applied in anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jolanta Niewiarowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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During mitosis ZEB1 "switches" from being a chromatin-bound epithelial gene repressor, to become a microtubule-associated protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118673. [PMID: 32057919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are polymers of α/β-tubulin, with microtubule organization being regulated by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Herein, we describe a novel role for the epithelial gene repressor, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), that "switches" from a chromatin-associated protein during interphase, to a MAP that associates with α-, β- and γ-tubulin during mitosis. Additionally, ZEB1 was also demonstrated to associate with γ-tubulin at the microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Using confocal microscopy, ZEB1 localization was predominantly nuclear during interphase, with α/β-tubulin being primarily cytoplasmic and the association between these proteins being minimal. However, during the stages of mitosis, ZEB1 co-localization with α-, β-, and γ-tubulin was significantly increased, with the association commonly peaking during metaphase in multiple tumor cell-types. ZEB1 was also observed to accumulate in the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. The increased interaction between ZEB1 and α-tubulin during mitosis was also confirmed using the proximity ligation assay. In contrast to ZEB1, its paralog ZEB2, was mainly perinuclear and cytoplasmic during interphase, showing some co-localization with α-tubulin during mitosis. Considering the association between ZEB1 with α/β/γ-tubulin during mitosis, studies investigated ZEB1's role in the cell cycle. Silencing ZEB1 resulted in a G2-M arrest, which could be mediated by the up-regulation of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 that are known downstream targets repressed by ZEB1. However, it cannot be excluded the G2/M arrest observed after ZEB1 silencing is not due to its roles as a MAP. Collectively, ZEB1 plays a role as a MAP during mitosis and could be functionally involved in this process.
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Rashid A, Naaz A, Rai A, Chatterji BP, Panda D. Inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 suppresses microtubule dynamics in MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 465:27-36. [PMID: 31782084 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a mitotic serine/threonine kinase implicated in spindle formation and cytokinesis in mammalian cells. Here, purified Plk1 was found to bind to reconstituted microtubules in vitro. Further, Plk1 was found to co-localize with interphase microtubules in MCF-7 cells and to co-immunoprecipitate with polymerized tubulin. The binding of Plk1 to interphase microtubules appeared to increase with an increase in the level of tubulin acetylation in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, Plk1 inhibitor III, an inhibitor of Plk1 kinase activity, treatment increased the association of Plk1 with the interphase microtubules in MCF-7 cells. Therefore, the effect of inhibition of Plk1 kinase activity on the dynamic instability of microtubules was determined by time-lapse imaging in MCF-7 cells. Plk1 inhibitor III dampened the dynamic instability of microtubules. For example, Plk1 inhibitor III (3 μM) reduced the rate and extent of the growing phase by 28 and 48%, respectively, and inhibited the dynamicity of microtubules by 53% as compared to the microtubules in control MCF-7 cells. Plk1 inhibitor III treatment also increased the level of acetylated microtubules, indicating that it stabilizes microtubules. The findings indicated that Plk1 interacts with microtubules and Plk1 may have a role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz Rashid
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Afsana Naaz
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Ankit Rai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Biswa Prasun Chatterji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Chen Y, Mo L, Wang X, Chen B, Hua Y, Gong L, Yang F, Li Y, Chen F, Zhu G, Ni W, Zhang C, Cheng Y, Luo Y, Shi J, Qiu M, Wu S, Tan Z, Wang K. TPGS-1000 exhibits potent anticancer activity for hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1624-1642. [PMID: 31986488 PMCID: PMC7053644 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS1000) is the most active water-soluble derivative of vitamin E and has been widely used as a carrier of solvents, plasticizers, emulsifiers, absorbent agents and refractory drug delivery systems. However, its anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) properties have not been explored. HCC cells were treated with different concentrations of TPGS1000. Cell survival was tested by CCK8 assay, and cell migration was tested by wound healing and Transwell assay. EdU staining verified cell proliferation, and signalling pathway was assayed by Western blot analysis. The BALB/c-nu mouse xenograft model was established to test HCC cell growth in vivo. In vitro TPGS1000 significantly inhibited the viability and mobility of HCC cells (HepG2, Hep3B and Huh7) in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis indicated that TPGS1000 treatment arrested the HCC cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and induction of cell apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL and Annexin V-7-AAD staining. Further pharmacological analysis indicated that collapse of the transmembrane potential of mitochondria, increased ROS generation, PARP-induced cell apoptosis and FoxM1-p21-mediated cell cycle arresting, were involved in the anti-HCC activity of TPGS1000. Moreover, treatment in vivo with TPGS1000 effectively impaired the growth of HCC xenografts in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqin Mo
- Cancer Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Life Sciences Research Institute, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfen Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linyan Gong
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guiting Zhu
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Ni
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuming Cheng
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Oncology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Life Sciences Research Institute, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shixiu Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou Tan
- Life Sciences Research Institute, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
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BAG6 is a novel microtubule-binding protein that regulates ciliogenesis by modulating the cell cycle and interacting with γ-tubulin. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111776. [PMID: 31838060 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-binding proteins provide an alternative and vital pathway to the functional diversity of microtubules. Considerable work is still required to understand the complexities of microtubule-associated cellular processes and to identify novel microtubule-binding proteins. In this study, we identify Bcl2-associated athanogene cochaperone 6 (BAG6) as a novel microtubule-binding protein and reveal that it is crucial for primary ciliogenesis. By immunofluorescence we show that BAG6 largely colocalizes with intracellular microtubules and by co-immunoprecipitation we demonstated that it can interact with α-tubulin. Additionally, both the UBL and BAG domains of BAG6 are indispensable for its interaction with α-tubulin. Moreover, the assembly of primary cilia in RPE-1 cells is significantly inhibited upon the depletion of BAG6. Notably, BAG6 inhibition leads to an abnormal G0/G1 transition during the cell cycle. In addition, BAG6 colocalizes and interactes with the centrosomal protein γ-tubulin, suggesting that BAG6 might regulate primary ciliogenesis through its action in centrosomal function. Collectively, our findings suggest that BAG6 is a novel microtubule-bindng protein crucial for primary ciliogenesis.
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Ghezzi B, Lagonegro P, Fukata N, Parisi L, Calestani D, Galli C, Salviati G, Macaluso GM, Rossi F. Sub-Micropillar Spacing Modulates the Spatial Arrangement of Mouse MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121701. [PMID: 31795174 PMCID: PMC6955749 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface topography is one of the main factors controlling cell responses on implanted devices and a proper definition of the characteristics that optimize cell behavior may be crucial to improve the clinical performances of these implants. Substrate geometry is known to affect cell shape, as cells try to optimize their adhesion by adapting to the irregularities beneath, and this in turn profoundly affects their activity. In the present study, we cultured murine calvaria MC3T3-E1 cells on surfaces with pillars arranged as hexagons with two different spacings and observed their morphology during adhesion and growth. Cells on these highly ordered substrates attached and proliferated effectively, showing a marked preference for minimizing the inter-pillar distance, by following specific pathways across adjacent pillars and displaying consistent morphological modules. Moreover, cell behavior appeared to follow tightly controlled patterns of extracellular protein secretion, which preceded and matched cells and, on a sub-cellular level, cytoplasmic orientation. Taken together, these results outline the close integration of surface features, extracellular proteins alignment and cell arrangement, and provide clues on how to control and direct cell spatial order and cell morphology by simply acting on inter-pillar spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Ghezzi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (G.M.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Lagonegro
- ISMAC-CNR, Institute for macromolecular studies, Via Corti, 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.C.); (G.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Naoki Fukata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan;
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (G.M.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Labör für Orale Molekularbiologie, Klinik für Kieferorthopädie, Zahnmedizinische Klinik, Universität Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Davide Calestani
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.C.); (G.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Carlo Galli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Salviati
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.C.); (G.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Guido M. Macaluso
- Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (G.M.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.C.); (G.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Francesca Rossi
- IMEM-CNR, Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Parco Area delle Scienze, 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (D.C.); (G.S.); (F.R.)
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Liang Z, Li X, Chen J, Cai H, Zhang L, Li C, Tong J, Hu W. PRC1 promotes cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by regulating p21/p27-pRB family molecules and FAK-paxillin pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:2059-2072. [PMID: 35116955 PMCID: PMC8799135 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.09.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to demonstrate the function and molecular mechanism of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) in the carcinogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed. Cell culture and plasmid construction were conducted for cell transfection. mRNA and protein expression, cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle were detected. Mice models were also constructed. The relationship between PRC1 and the prognosis of NSCLC patients was analyzed. Results PRC1 expression was higher in tumor tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05). Cells transfected with the high-expression PRC1 plasmid (TOPO-PRC1 group) had the stronger ability of proliferation and migration (P<0.05) along with a lower incidence of stay at the G2/M phase (P<0.05) than the low-expression PRC1 plasmid. Mice models showed tumors obtained from mice in the TOPO-PRC1 group significantly grew faster, larger, and heavier (P<0.05) than the low-expression PRC1 group. Among the 150 NSCLC patients, patients with the higher PRC1 expression were more likely to have lymph node metastasis occur (P<0.05) and progress into an advanced stage (P<0.05), and showed shorter survival (P<0.05). Moreover, the TOPO-PRC1 group had a lower phosphorylation level, and a lower expression of Cip1/p21 (P<0.05) and Kip1/p27 (P<0.01). Conclusions PRC1 could promote cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through FAK-paxillin pathway molecules and the regulation of the phosphorylation level of p21/p27-pRB family molecules. PRC1 might be a new and promising therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Haina Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Chenwei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Jingjie Tong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
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Pause of the target gliding microtuble on the virtual cathode. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:821-825. [PMID: 31079919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the transient response of gliding microtubules on a virtual cathode. In vivo activities, microtubule-kinesin systems are known to act as motor proteins with respect to cell motility cytokinesis and cellular transport by hydrolyzing ATP molecules. With development of in vitro assays, motor proteins have been attracting much attention as a key component for highly efficient nano-transportation systems. The molecular functions based on structural states are affected by changing the ionic condition of the molecular functions and by changing the electrical field in solution because of electrical charges of the molecules. The virtual cathode, which was generated on the SiN display surface by a low energy electron beam, locally induced electrochemical reactions and electric field around the targeted molecules on the display surface, and then the gliding motions of the targeted microtubules were regulated. In this study, we demonstrated that the virtual cathode display temporally stops a selected gliding microtubule by only applying the virtual cathode to the microtubule. The pause mode of the microtubule was easily canceled by simply turning the virtual cathode off, and then the gliding motion was restarted.
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