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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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2
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Burla B, Oh J, Nowak A, Piraud N, Meyer E, Mei D, Bendt AK, Studt JD, Frey BM, Torta F, Wenk MR, Krayenbühl PA. Plasma and platelet lipidome changes in Fabry disease. Clin Chim Acta 2024:119833. [PMID: 38955246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) leading to systemic manifestations such as chronic kidney disease, cardiomyopathy, and stroke. There is still a need for novel markers for improved FD screening and prognosis. Moreover, the pathological mechanisms in FD, which also include systemic inflammation and fibrosis are not yet fully understood. METHODS Plasma and platelets were obtained from 11 ERT (enzyme-replacement therapy)-treated symptomatic, 4 asymptomatic FD patients, and 13 healthy participants. A comprehensive targeted lipidomics analysis was conducted quantitating more than 550 lipid species. RESULTS Sphingadiene (18:2;O2)-containing sphingolipid species, including Gb3 and galabiosylceramide (Ga2), were significantly increased in FD patients. Plasma levels of lyso-dihexosylceramides, sphingoid base 1-phosphates (S1P), and GM3 ganglioside were also altered in FD patients, as well as specific plasma ceramide ratios used in cardiovascular disease risk prediction. Gb3 did not increase in patients' platelets but displayed a high inter-individual variability in patients and healthy participants. Platelets accumulated, however, lyso-Gb3, acylcarnitines, C16:0-sphingolipids and S1P. CONCLUSIONS This study identified new aspects of the systemic and cellular lipid metabolism in FD, a possible involvement of platelets in FD, and potential novel markers for FD screening and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jeongah Oh
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Program and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albina Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Psychiatric University Clinic Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Eduardo Meyer
- Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ding Mei
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Program and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne K Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jan-Dirk Studt
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat M Frey
- Swiss Red Cross (SRC), Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Federico Torta
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Program and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Precision Medicine Translational Research Program and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Krayenbühl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; General Practice Brauereistrasse, Uster-Zurich, Switzerland
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Richardson WJ, Humphrey SB, Sears SM, Hoffman NA, Orwick AJ, Doll MA, Doll CL, Xia C, Hernandez-Corbacho M, Snider JM, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Snider AJ, Siskind LJ. Expression of Ceramide Synthases in Mice and Their Roles in Regulating Acyl-Chain Sphingolipids: A Framework for Baseline Levels and Future Implications in Aging and Disease. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:131-143. [PMID: 38164625 PMCID: PMC10877707 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are an important class of lipids present in all eukaryotic cells that regulate critical cellular processes. Disturbances in sphingolipid homeostasis have been linked to several diseases in humans. Ceramides are central in sphingolipid metabolism and are largely synthesized by six ceramide synthase (CerS) isoforms (CerS1-6), each with a preference for different fatty acyl chain lengths. Although the tissue distribution of CerS mRNA expression in humans and the roles of CerS isoforms in synthesizing ceramides with different acyl chain lengths are known, it is unknown how CerS expression dictates ceramides and downstream metabolites within tissues. In this study, we analyzed sphingolipid levels and CerS mRNA expression in 3-month-old C57BL/6J mouse brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and skeletal muscle. The results showed that CerS expression and sphingolipid species abundance varied by tissue and that CerS expression was a predictor of ceramide species within tissues. Interestingly, although CerS expression was not predictive of complex sphingolipid species within all tissues, composite scores for CerSs contributions to total sphingolipids measured in each tissue correlated to CerS expression. Lastly, we determined that the most abundant ceramide species in mouse tissues aligned with CerS mRNA expression in corresponding human tissues (based on chain length preference), suggesting that mice are relevant preclinical models for ceramide and sphingolipid research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The current study demonstrates that ceramide synthase (CerS) expression in specific tissues correlates not only with ceramide species but contributes to the generation of complex sphingolipids as well. As many of the CerSs and/or specific ceramide species have been implicated in disease, these studies suggest the potential for CerSs as therapeutic targets and the use of sphingolipid species as diagnostics in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney J Richardson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Sophia B Humphrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Sophia M Sears
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Nicholas A Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Andrew J Orwick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Chelsea L Doll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Catherine Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Maria Hernandez-Corbacho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Justin M Snider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (W.J.R., S.B.H., S.M.S., N.A.H., A.J.O., M.A.D., L.J.S.); Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (M.H.-C., L.M.O., Y.A.H.); Northport Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York (L.M.O., Y.A.H.); School of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (C.L.D., C.X., J.M.S., A.J.S.); and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky (L.J.S.)
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4
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Pepe G, Cotugno M, Marracino F, Capocci L, Pizzati L, Forte M, Stanzione R, Scarselli P, Di Pardo A, Sciarretta S, Volpe M, Rubattu S, Maglione V. Abnormal expression of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes in the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rat models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159411. [PMID: 37949293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids exert important roles within the cardiovascular system and related diseases. Perturbed sphingolipid metabolism was previously reported in cerebral and renal tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Specific defects related to the synthesis of sphingolipids and to the metabolism of Sphingosine-1-Phospahte (S1P) were exclusively identified in the stroke-prone (SHRSP) with the respect to the stroke-resistant (SHRSR) strain. In this study, we explored any existing perturbation in either protein or gene expression of enzymes involved in the sphingolipid pathways in cardiac tissue from both SHRSP and SHRSR strains, compared to the normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) strain. The two hypertensive rat models showed an overall perturbation of the expression of different enzymes involved in the sphingolipid metabolism in the heart. In particular, whereas the expression of the S1P-metabolizing-enzyme, SPHK2, was significantly reduced in both SHR strains, SGPL1 protein levels were decreased only in SHRSP. The protein levels of S1P receptors 1-3 were reduced only in the cardiac tissue of SHRSP, whereas S1PR2 levels were reduced in both SHR strains. The de novo synthesis of sphingolipids was aberrant in the two hypertensive strains. A significant reduction of mRNA expression of the Sgms1 and Smpd3 enzymes, implicated in the metabolism of sphingomyelin, was found in both hypertensive strains. Interestingly, Smpd2, devoted to sphingomyelin degradation, was reduced only in the heart of SHRSP. In conclusion, alterations in the expression of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes may be involved in the susceptibility to cardiac damage of hypertensive rat strains. Specific differences detected in the SHRSP, however, deserve further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy; Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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5
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Chua XY, Torta F, Chong JR, Venketasubramanian N, Hilal S, Wenk MR, Chen CP, Arumugam TV, Herr DR, Lai MKP. Lipidomics profiling reveals distinct patterns of plasma sphingolipid alterations in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:214. [PMID: 38087395 PMCID: PMC10714620 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are two of the commonest causes of dementia in the elderly. Of the myriad biomolecules implicated in dementia pathogenesis, sphingolipids have attracted relatively scant research attention despite their known involvement in multiple pathophysiological processes. The potential utility of peripheral sphingolipids as biomarkers in dementia cohorts with high concomitance of cerebrovascular diseases is also unclear. METHODS Using a lipidomics platform, we performed a case-control study of plasma sphingolipids in a prospectively assessed cohort of 526 participants (non-cognitively impaired, NCI = 93, cognitively impaired = 217, AD = 166, VaD = 50) using a lipidomics platform. RESULTS Distinct patterns of sphingolipid alterations were found in AD and VaD, namely an upregulation of d18:1 species in AD compared to downregulation of d16:1 species in VaD. In particular, GM3 d18:1/16:0 and GM3 d18:1/24:1 showed the strongest positive associations with AD. Furthermore, evaluation of sphingolipids panels showed specific combinations with higher sensitivity and specificity for classification of AD (Cer d16:1/24:0. Cer d18:1/16:0, GM3 d16:1/22:0, GM3 d18:1/16:0, SM d16:1/22:0, HexCer d18:1/18:0) and VAD (Cer d16:1/24:0, Cer d18:1/16:0, Hex2Cer d16:1/16:0, HexCer d18:1/18:0, SM d16:1/16:0, SM d16:1/20:0, SM d18:2/22:0) compared to NCI. CONCLUSIONS AD and VaD are associated with distinct changes of plasma sphingolipids, warranting further studies into underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and assessments of their potential utility as dementia biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ying Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce R Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Center for Genetic Disorders and Aging Research, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Memory, Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Kovilakath A, Wohlford G, Cowart LA. Circulating sphingolipids in heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1154447. [PMID: 37229233 PMCID: PMC10203217 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of significant advancements in early detection and treatment of heart failure have precipitated the need for discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Over the past decade, circulating sphingolipids have elicited promising results as biomarkers that premonish adverse cardiac events. Additionally, compelling evidence directly ties sphingolipids to these events in patients with incident heart failure. This review aims to summarize the current literature on circulating sphingolipids in both human cohorts and animal models of heart failure. The goal is to provide direction and focus for future mechanistic studies in heart failure, as well as pave the way for the development of new sphingolipid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - George Wohlford
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - L. Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Richmond Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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7
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Guo J, Feng J, Qu H, Xu H, Zhou H. Potential Drug Targets for Ceramide Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9120434. [PMID: 36547431 PMCID: PMC9782850 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9120434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease poses a significant threat to the quality of human life. Metabolic abnormalities caused by excessive caloric intake have been shown to lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Ceramides are structural molecules found in biological membranes; they are crucial for cell survival and lipid metabolism, as they maintain barrier function and membrane fluidity. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that ceramide has a strong correlation with cardiovascular disease progression. Nevertheless, it remains a challenge to develop sphingolipids as therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the three synthesis pathways of ceramide and other intermediates that are important in ceramide metabolism. Furthermore, mechanistic studies and therapeutic strategies, including clinical drugs and bioactive molecules based on these intermediates, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiling Feng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiyan Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-5132-3089 (H.X.); +86-021-2025-6770 (H.Z.)
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 528, Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-021-5132-3089 (H.X.); +86-021-2025-6770 (H.Z.)
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8
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Santos TCB, Dingjan T, Futerman AH. The sphingolipid anteome: implications for evolution of the sphingolipid metabolic pathway. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2345-2363. [PMID: 35899376 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Modern cell membranes contain a bewildering complexity of lipids, among them sphingolipids (SLs). Advances in mass spectrometry have led to the realization that the number and combinatorial complexity of lipids, including SLs, is much greater than previously appreciated. SLs are generated de novo by four enzymes, namely serine palmitoyltransferase, 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase, ceramide synthase and dihydroceramide Δ4-desaturase 1. Some of these enzymes depend on the availability of specific substrates and cofactors, which are themselves supplied by other complex metabolic pathways. The evolution of these four enzymes is poorly understood and likely depends on the co-evolution of the metabolic pathways that supply the other essential reaction components. Here, we introduce the concept of the 'anteome', from the Latin ante ('before') to describe the network of metabolic ('omic') pathways that must have converged in order for these pathways to co-evolve and permit SL synthesis. We also suggest that current origin of life and evolutionary models lack appropriate experimental support to explain the appearance of this complex metabolic pathway and its anteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania C B Santos
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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9
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Kim J, Pewzner-Jung Y, Joseph T, Ben-Dor S, Futerman AH. Generation of a ceramide synthase 6 mouse lacking the DDRSDIE C-terminal motif. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271675. [PMID: 35849604 PMCID: PMC9292091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The important membrane lipid, ceramide, is generated by a family of homologous enzymes, the ceramide synthases (CerSs), multi-spanning membrane proteins located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Six CerS isoforms exist in mammals with each using a subset of acyl-CoAs for (dihydro)ceramide synthesis. A number of mice have been generated in which one or other CerS has been genetically manipulated, including complete knock-outs, with each displaying phenotypes concomitant with the expression levels of the CerS in question and the presumed biological function of the ceramide species that it generates. We recently described a short C-terminal motif in the CerS which is involved in CerS dimer formation; deleting this motif had no effect on the ability of the CerS to synthesize ceramide in vitro. In the current study, we generated a CerS6 mouse using CRISPR-Cas9, in which the DDRSDIE motif was replaced by ADAAAIA. While levels of CerS6ADAAAIA expression were unaffected in the CerS6ADAAAIA mouse, and CerS6ADAAAIA was able to generate C16-ceramide in vitro, ceramide levels were significantly reduced in the CerS6ADAAAIA mouse, suggesting that replacing this motif affects an as-yet unknown mechanism of regulation of ceramide synthesis via the DDRSDIE motif in vivo. Crossing CerS6ADAAAIA mice with CerS5 null mice led to generation of viable mice in which C16-ceramide levels were reduced by up to 90%, suggesting that depletion of C16-ceramide levels is compensated for by other ceramide species with different acyl chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Kim
- Department Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tammar Joseph
- Department Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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10
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Montefusco D, Jamil M, Maczis MA, Schroeder W, Levi M, Ranjit S, Allegood J, Bandyopadhyay D, Retnam R, Spiegel S, Cowart LA. Sphingosine Kinase 1 Mediates Sexual Dimorphism in Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of NASH. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101523. [PMID: 35671973 PMCID: PMC9194589 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are more likely to progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis than women. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this dimorphism is unclear. We have previously shown that mice with global deletion of SphK1, the enzyme that produces the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), were protected from development of NASH. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of hepatocyte-specific SphK1 in development of NASH and to compare its contribution to hepatosteatosis in male and female mice. RESULTS We generated hepatocyte-specific SphK1 knockout mice (SphK1-hKO). Unlike the global knockout, SphK1-hKO male mice were not protected from diet-induced steatosis, inflammation, or fibrogenesis. In contrast, female SphK1-hKO mice were protected from inflammation. Surprisingly, however, in these female mice, there was a ∼10-fold increase in the fibrosis markers Col1α1 and 2-3 fold induction of alpha smooth muscle actin and the pro-fibrotic chemokine CCL5. Because increased fibrosis in female SphK1-hKO mice occurred despite an attenuated inflammatory response, we investigated the crosstalk between hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, central players in fibrosis. We found that estrogen stimulated release of S1P from female hepatocytes preventing TGFβ-induced expression of Col1α1 in HSCs via S1PR3. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed a novel pathway of estrogen-mediated cross-talk between hepatocytes and HSCs that may contribute to sex differences in NAFLD through an anti-fibrogenic function of the S1P/S1PR3 axis. This pathway is susceptible to pharmacologic manipulation, which may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montefusco
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA.
| | - Maryam Jamil
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - Melissa A Maczis
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - William Schroeder
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, USA
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, USA
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | | | - Reuben Retnam
- Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Biostatistics, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VA, USA; Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMC, Richmond, VA, USA
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11
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Lone MA, Bourquin F, Hornemann T. Serine Palmitoyltransferase Subunit 3 and Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:47-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Wang T, Wang Z, de Fabritus L, Tao J, Saied EM, Lee HJ, Ramazanov BR, Jackson B, Burkhardt D, Parker M, Gleinich AS, Wang Z, Seo DE, Zhou T, Xu S, Alecu I, Azadi P, Arenz C, Hornemann T, Krishnaswamy S, van de Pavert SA, Kaech SM, Ivanova NB, Santori FR. 1-deoxysphingolipids bind to COUP-TF to modulate lymphatic and cardiac cell development. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3128-3145.e15. [PMID: 34762852 PMCID: PMC8628544 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Identification of physiological modulators of nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) activity is paramount for understanding the link between metabolism and transcriptional networks that orchestrate development and cellular physiology. Using libraries of metabolic enzymes alongside their substrates and products, we identify 1-deoxysphingosines as modulators of the activity of NR2F1 and 2 (COUP-TFs), which are orphan NHRs that are critical for development of the nervous system, heart, veins, and lymphatic vessels. We show that these non-canonical alanine-based sphingolipids bind to the NR2F1/2 ligand-binding domains (LBDs) and modulate their transcriptional activity in cell-based assays at physiological concentrations. Furthermore, inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis phenocopies NR2F1/2 deficiency in endothelium and cardiomyocytes, and increases in 1-deoxysphingosine levels activate NR2F1/2-dependent differentiation programs. Our findings suggest that 1-deoxysphingosines are physiological regulators of NR2F1/2-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Lauriane de Fabritus
- Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Jinglian Tao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Essa M Saied
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ho-Joon Lee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Bulat R Ramazanov
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Benjamin Jackson
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Daniel Burkhardt
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mikhail Parker
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anne S Gleinich
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhirui Wang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dong Eun Seo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shihao Xu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Irina Alecu
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge A van de Pavert
- Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Natalia B Ivanova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Fabio R Santori
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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13
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Choi RH, Tatum SM, Symons JD, Summers SA, Holland WL. Ceramides and other sphingolipids as drivers of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:701-711. [PMID: 33772258 PMCID: PMC8978615 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increases in calorie consumption and sedentary lifestyles are fuelling a global pandemic of cardiometabolic diseases, including coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy and heart failure. These lifestyle factors, when combined with genetic predispositions, increase the levels of circulating lipids, which can accumulate in non-adipose tissues, including blood vessel walls and the heart. The metabolism of these lipids produces bioactive intermediates that disrupt cellular function and survival. A compelling body of evidence suggests that sphingolipids, such as ceramides, account for much of the tissue damage in these cardiometabolic diseases. In humans, serum ceramide levels are proving to be accurate biomarkers of adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes. In mice and rats, pharmacological inhibition or depletion of enzymes driving de novo ceramide synthesis prevents the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In cultured cells and isolated tissues, ceramides perturb mitochondrial function, block fuel usage, disrupt vasodilatation and promote apoptosis. In this Review, we discuss the body of literature suggesting that ceramides are drivers - and not merely passengers - on the road to cardiovascular disease. Moreover, we explore the feasibility of therapeutic strategies to lower ceramide levels to improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hee Choi
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Ran Hee Choi, Sean M. Tatum
| | - Sean M. Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Ran Hee Choi, Sean M. Tatum
| | - J. David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A. Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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14
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Dingjan T, Futerman AH. The role of the 'sphingoid motif' in shaping the molecular interactions of sphingolipids in biomembranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183701. [PMID: 34302797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids can be differentiated from other membrane lipids by the distinctive chemistry of the sphingoid long chain base (LCB), which is generated by the condensation of an amino acid (normally but not always serine) and a fatty acyl CoA (normally palmitoyl CoA) by the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT). The first five carbon atoms of the sphingoid LCB, herein defined as the 'sphingoid motif', are largely responsible for the unique chemical and biophysical properties of sphingolipids since they can undergo a relatively large number (compared to other lipid species) of molecular interactions with other membrane lipids, via hydrogen-bonding, charge-pairing, hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. These interactions are responsible, for instance, for the association of sphingolipids with cholesterol in the membrane lipid bilayer. Here, we discuss some of the unique properties of this sphingoid motif, and in addition to outlining how this structural motif drives intra-bilayer interactions, discuss the atomic details of the interactions with two critical players in the biosynthetic pathway, namely SPT, and the ceramide transport protein, CERT. In the former, the selectivity of sphingolipid synthesis relies on a hydrogen bond interaction between Lys379 of SPTLC2 and the l-serine sidechain hydroxyl moiety. In the latter, the entire sphingoid motif is stereoselectively recognized by a hydrogen-bonding network involving all three sphingoid motif heteroatoms. The remarkable selectivity of these interactions, and the subtle means by which these interactions are modified and regulated in eukaryotic cells raises a number of challenging questions about the generation of these proteins, and of their interactions with the sphingoid motif in evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamir Dingjan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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15
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Green CD, Maceyka M, Cowart LA, Spiegel S. Sphingolipids in metabolic disease: The good, the bad, and the unknown. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1293-1306. [PMID: 34233172 PMCID: PMC8269961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid metabolites ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are a recent addition to the lipids accumulated in obesity and have emerged as important molecular players in metabolic diseases. Here we summarize evidence that dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism correlates with pathogenesis of metabolic diseases in humans. This review discusses the current understanding of how ceramide regulates signaling and metabolic pathways to exacerbate metabolic diseases and the Janus faces for its further metabolite S1P, the kinases that produce it, and the multifaceted and at times opposing actions of S1P receptors in various tissues. Gaps and limitations in current knowledge are highlighted together with the need to further decipher the full array of their actions in tissue dysfunction underlying metabolic pathologies, pointing out prospects to move this young field of research toward the development of effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VCU School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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16
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Muralidharan S, Shimobayashi M, Ji S, Burla B, Hall MN, Wenk MR, Torta F. A reference map of sphingolipids in murine tissues. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109250. [PMID: 34133933 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SPs) have both a structural role in the cell membranes and a signaling function that regulates many cellular processes. The enormous structural diversity and low abundance of many SPs pose a challenge for their identification and quantification. Recent advances in lipidomics, in particular liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS), provide methods to detect and quantify many low-abundant SP species reliably. Here we use LC-MS to compile a "murine sphingolipid atlas," containing the qualitative and quantitative distribution of 114 SPs in 21 tissues of a widely utilized wild-type laboratory mouse strain (C57BL/6). We report tissue-specific SP fingerprints, as well as sex-specific differences in the same tissue. This is a comprehensive, quantitative sphingolipidomic map of mammalian tissues collected in a systematic fashion. It will complement other tissue compendia for interrogation into the role of SP in mammalian health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Mitsugu Shimobayashi
- Biozentrum - Center for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shanshan Ji
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum - Center for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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17
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Kicking off sphingolipid biosynthesis: structures of the serine palmitoyltransferase complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:229-231. [PMID: 33558763 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Structural insights into the assembly and substrate selectivity of human SPT-ORMDL3 complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:249-257. [PMID: 33558762 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-00553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in the de novo biosynthesis of all sphingolipids. ORMDLs regulate SPT function, with human ORMDL3 being related to asthma. Here we report three high-resolution cryo-EM structures: the human SPT complex, composed of SPTLC1, SPTLC2 and SPTssa; the SPT-ORMDL3 complex; and the SPT-ORMDL3 complex bound to two substrates, PLP-L-serine (PLS) and a non-reactive palmitoyl-CoA analogue. SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 form a dimer of heterodimers as the catalytic core. SPTssa participates in acyl-CoA coordination, thereby stimulating the SPT activity and regulating the substrate selectivity. ORMDL3 is located in the center of the complex, serving to stabilize the SPT assembly. Our structural and biochemical analyses provide a molecular basis for the assembly and substrate selectivity of the SPT and SPT-ORMDL3 complexes, and lay a foundation for mechanistic understanding of sphingolipid homeostasis and for related therapeutic drug development.
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19
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Seah JYH, Chew WS, Torta F, Khoo CM, Wenk MR, Herr DR, Tai ES, van Dam RM. Dietary Fat and Protein Intake in Relation to Plasma Sphingolipids as Determined by a Large-Scale Lipidomic Analysis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020093. [PMID: 33567768 PMCID: PMC7915172 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid concentrations have been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Because sphingolipids can be synthesized de novo from saturated fatty acids (SFA), dietary fatty acids may affect plasma sphingolipid concentrations. We aimed to evaluate dietary fat and protein intakes in relation to circulating sphingolipid levels. We used cross-sectional data from 2860 ethnic Chinese Singaporeans collected from 2004–2007. Nutrient intakes were estimated on the basis of a validated 159-item food frequency questionnaire. We quantified 79 molecularly distinct sphingolipids in a large-scale lipidomic evaluation from plasma samples. Higher saturated fat intake was associated with higher concentrations of 16:1;O2 sphingolipids including ceramides, monohexosylcermides, dihexosylceramides, sphingomyelins, and sphingosine 1-phosphates. Higher polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with lower plasma long-chain ceramides and long-chain monohexosylcermide concentrations. Protein intake was inversely associated with concentrations of most subclasses of sphingolipids, with the exception of sphingolipids containing a 16:1;O2 sphingoid base. Lower intake of saturated fat and higher intake of polyunsaturated fat and protein may decrease plasma concentrations of several sphingolipid classes. These findings may represent a novel biological mechanism for the impact of nutrient intakes on cardio-metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowy Yi Hoong Seah
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence: (J.Y.H.S.); (R.M.v.D.); Tel.: +65-6516-4980 (R.M.v.D.)
| | - Wee Siong Chew
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (W.S.C.); (D.R.H.)
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117596, Singapore; (F.T.); (M.R.W.)
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, NUS, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117596, Singapore; (F.T.); (M.R.W.)
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, NUS, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore 117600, Singapore; (W.S.C.); (D.R.H.)
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Rob M. van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117549, Singapore;
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, NUS, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (J.Y.H.S.); (R.M.v.D.); Tel.: +65-6516-4980 (R.M.v.D.)
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Lam BWS, Yam TYA, Chen CP, Lai MKP, Ong WY, Herr DR. The noncanonical chronicles: Emerging roles of sphingolipid structural variants. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109890. [PMID: 33359087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SPs) are structurally diverse and represent one of the most quantitatively abundant classes of lipids in mammalian cells. In addition to their structural roles, many SP species are known to be bioactive mediators of essential cellular processes. Historically, studies have focused on SP species that contain the canonical 18‑carbon, mono-unsaturated sphingoid backbone. However, increasingly sensitive analytical technologies, driven by advances in mass spectrometry, have facilitated the identification of previously under-appreciated, molecularly distinct SP species. Many of these less abundant species contain noncanonical backbones. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have identified clinical associations between these noncanonical SPs and disease, suggesting that there is functional significance to the alteration of SP backbone structure. For example, associations have been found between SP chain length and cardiovascular disease, pain, diabetes, and dementia. This review will provide an overview of the processes that are known to regulate noncanonical SP accumulation, describe the clinical correlations reported for these molecules, and review the experimental evidence for the potential functional implications of their dysregulation. It is likely that further scrutiny of noncanonical SPs may provide new insight into pathophysiological processes, serve as useful biomarkers for disease, and lead to the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Wan Shing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ting Yu Amelia Yam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; American University of Health Sciences, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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21
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Subunit composition of the mammalian serine-palmitoyltransferase defines the spectrum of straight and methyl-branched long-chain bases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15591-15598. [PMID: 32576697 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002391117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are chemically diverse lipids that have important structural and signaling functions within mammalian cells. SLs are commonly defined by the presence of a long-chain base (LCB) that is normally formed by the conjugation of l-serine and palmitoyl-CoA. This pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-dependent reaction is mediated by the enzyme serine-palmitoyltransferase (SPT). However, SPT can also metabolize other acyl-CoAs, in the range of C14 to C18, forming a variety of LCBs that differ by structure and function. Mammalian SPT consists of three core subunits: SPTLC1, SPTLC2, and SPTLC3. Whereas SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 are ubiquitously expressed, SPTLC3 expression is restricted to certain tissues only. The influence of the individual subunits on enzyme activity is not clear. Using cell models deficient in SPTLC1, SPTLC2, and SPTLC3, we investigated the role of each subunit on enzyme activity and the LCB product spectrum. We showed that SPTLC1 is essential for activity, whereas SPTLC2 and SPTLC3 are partly redundant but differ in their enzymatic properties. SPTLC1 in combination with SPTLC2 specifically formed C18, C19, and C20 LCBs while the combination of SPTLC1 and SPTLC3 yielded a broader product spectrum. We identified anteiso-branched-C18 SO (meC18SO) as the primary product of the SPTLC3 reaction. The meC18SO was synthesized from anteiso-methyl-palmitate, in turn synthesized from a precursor metabolite generated in the isoleucine catabolic pathway. The meC18SO is metabolized to ceramides and complex SLs and is a constituent of human low- and high-density lipoproteins.
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22
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Choi S, Snider JM, Cariello CP, Lambert JM, Anderson AK, Cowart LA, Snider AJ. Sphingosine kinase 1 is required for myristate-induced TNFα expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 149:106423. [PMID: 32006664 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFA) have been known to trigger inflammatory signaling in metabolic tissues; however, the effects of specific SFAs in the intestinal epithelium have not been well studied. Several previous studies have implicated disruptions in sphingolipid metabolism by oversupply of SFAs in inflammatory process. Also, our previous studies have implicated sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as having key roles in the regulation of inflammatory processes in the intestinal epithelium. Therefore, to define the role for specific SFAs in inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells, we examined myristate (C14:0) and palmitate (C16:0). Myristate, but not palmitate, significantly induced the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and it was SK1-dependent. Interestingly, myristate-induced TNFα expression was not suppressed by inhibition of S1P receptors (S1PRs), hinting at a potential novel intracellular target of S1P. Additionally, myristate regulated the expression of TNFα via JNK activation in an SK1-dependent manner, suggesting a novel S1PR-independent target as a mediator between SK1 and JNK in response to myristate. Lastly, a myristate-enriched milk fat-based diet (MFBD) increased expression of TNFα in colon tissues and elevated the S1P to sphingosine ratio, demonstrating the potential of myristate-involved pathobiologies in intestinal tissues. Taken together our studies suggest that myristate regulates the expression of TNFα in the intestinal epithelium via regulation of SK1 and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhwa Choi
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Chris P Cariello
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Johana M Lambert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Andrea K Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA.
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23
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Cresci S, Zhang R, Yang Q, Duncan MS, Xanthakis V, Jiang X, Vasan RS, Schaffer JE, Peterson LR. Genetic Architecture of Circulating Very-Long-Chain (C24:0 and C22:0) Ceramide Concentrations. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:172-183. [PMID: 32489964 PMCID: PMC7266332 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Total ceramide concentrations are linked with increased insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction. However, recent studies have demonstrated that plasma concentrations of specific very-long-chain fatty ceramides (C24:0 and C22:0) are associated with a reduced incidence of coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. We hypothesized that specific genetic loci are associated with plasma C22:0 and C24:0 concentrations. METHODS Heritability and genome-wide association studies of plasma C24:0 and C22:0 ceramide concentrations were performed among 2,217 participants in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort, adjusting for cardiovascular risk factor covariates and cardiovascular drug treatment. RESULTS The multivariable-adjusted heritability for C22:0 and C24:0 ceramides was 0.42 (standard error [SE], 0.07; p=1.8E-9) and 0.25 (SE, 0.08; p=0.00025), respectively. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), all on chromosome 20, significantly associated with C22:0 concentrations; the closest gene to these variants was SPTLC3. The lead SNP (rs4814175) significantly associated with 3% lower plasma C22:0 concentrations (p=2.83E-11). Nine SNPs, all on chromosome 20 and close to SPTLC3, were significantly associated with C24:0 ceramide concentrations. All 9 were also significantly related to plasma C22:0 levels. The lead SNP (rs168622) was significantly associated with 10% lower plasma C24:0 ceramide concentrations (p=9.94E-09). CONCLUSION SNPs near the SPTLC3 gene, which encodes serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 3 (SPTLC3; part of the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of de novo sphingolipid synthesis) were associated with plasma C22:0 and C24:0 ceramide concentrations. These results are biologically plausible and suggest that SPTLC3 may be a potential therapeutic target for C24:0 and C22:0 ceramide modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Cresci
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruibo Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meredith S. Duncan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean E. Schaffer
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Linda R. Peterson
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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24
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Kovilakath A, Cowart LA. Sphingolipid Mediators of Myocardial Pathology. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:23-49. [PMID: 32821720 PMCID: PMC7379069 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. While the causes of cardiomyopathy continue to be elucidated, current evidence suggests that aberrant bioactive lipid signaling plays a crucial role as a component of cardiac pathophysiology. Sphingolipids have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, as they regulate numerous cellular processes that occur in primary and secondary cardiomyopathies. Experimental evidence gathered over the last few decades from both in vitro and in vivo model systems indicates that inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis attenuate a variety of cardiomyopathic symptoms. In this review, we focus on various cardiomyopathies in which sphingolipids have been implicated and the potential therapeutic benefits that could be gained by targeting sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - L. Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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25
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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26
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Kovilakath A, Jamil M, Cowart LA. Sphingolipids in the Heart: From Cradle to Grave. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:652. [PMID: 33042014 PMCID: PMC7522163 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and this has largely been driven by the increase in metabolic disease in recent decades. Metabolic disease alters metabolism, distribution, and profiles of sphingolipids in multiple organs and tissues; as such, sphingolipid metabolism and signaling have been vigorously studied as contributors to metabolic pathophysiology in various pathological outcomes of obesity, including cardiovascular disease. Much experimental evidence suggests that targeting sphingolipid metabolism may be advantageous in the context of cardiometabolic disease. The heart, however, is a structurally and functionally complex organ where bioactive sphingolipids have been shown not only to mediate pathological processes, but also to contribute to essential functions in cardiogenesis and cardiac function. Additionally, some sphingolipids are protective in the context of ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition to mechanistic contributions, untargeted lipidomics approaches used in recent years have identified some specific circulating sphingolipids as novel biomarkers in the context of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent literature on both deleterious and beneficial contributions of sphingolipids to cardiogenesis and myocardial function as well as recent identification of novel sphingolipid biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk prediction and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Maryam Jamil
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lauren Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lauren Ashley Cowart
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27
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Tan-Chen S, Guitton J, Bourron O, Le Stunff H, Hajduch E. Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Skeletal Muscle: From Physiology to Physiopathology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:491. [PMID: 32849282 PMCID: PMC7426366 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids represent one of the major classes of eukaryotic lipids. They play an essential structural role, especially in cell membranes where they also possess signaling properties and are capable of modulating multiple cell functions, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. Many sphingolipid derivatives, such as ceramide, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and ganglioside, have been shown to play many crucial roles in muscle under physiological and pathological conditions. This review will summarize our knowledge of sphingolipids and their effects on muscle fate, highlighting the role of this class of lipids in modulating muscle cell differentiation, regeneration, aging, response to insulin, and contraction. We show that modulating sphingolipid metabolism may be a novel and interesting way for preventing and/or treating several muscle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tan-Chen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Guitton
- Université Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Eric Hajduch
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Boretti FS, Burla B, Deuel J, Gao L, Wenk MR, Liesegang A, Sieber-Ruckstuhl NS. Serum lipidome analysis of healthy beagle dogs receiving different diets. Metabolomics 2019; 16:1. [PMID: 31797205 PMCID: PMC6890591 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Food and dietary ingredients have significant effects on metabolism and health. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether and how different diets affected the serum lipidomic profile of dogs. METHODS Sixteen healthy beagles were fed a commercial dry diet for 3 months (control diet). After an overnight fasting period, a blood sample was taken for serum lipidomic profile analysis, and each dog was then randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 was fed a commercial diet (Diet 1) and group 2 was fed a self-made, balanced diet supplemented with linseed oil and salmon oil (Diet 2) for 3 months. After an overnight fasting period, a blood sample was taken from each dog. Serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol analyses were performed and the serum lipidomic profiles were analyzed using targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Dogs fed the supplemented self-made diet (Diet 2) had significantly higher omega-3 fatty acid-containing lipids species and significantly lower saturated and mono- and di-unsaturated lipid species. Concentrations of sphingosine 1-phosphate species S1P d16:1 and S1P d17:1 were significantly increased after feeding Diet 2. CONCLUSION This study found that different diets had significant effects on the dog's serum lipidomic profile. Therefore, in studies that include lipidomic analyses, diet should be included as a confounding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas S Boretti
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Deuel
- Divison of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Liang Gao
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nadja S Sieber-Ruckstuhl
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Abstract
Ceramides are products of metabolism that accumulate in individuals with obesity or dyslipidaemia and alter cellular processes in response to fuel surplus. Their actions, when prolonged, elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies diabetes and heart disease. Here, we review the history of research on these enigmatic molecules, exploring their discovery and mechanisms of action, the evolutionary pressures that have given them their unique attributes and the potential of ceramide-reduction therapies as treatments for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Bhagirath Chaurasia
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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30
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Zhu WK, Xu WH, Wang J, Huang YQ, Abudurexiti M, Qu YY, Zhu YP, Zhang HL, Ye DW. Decreased SPTLC1 expression predicts worse outcomes in ccRCC patients. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1552-1562. [PMID: 31512789 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1 (SPTLC1) catalyzes the first step in sphingolipid synthesis and has been implicated in the progression of various cancers. However, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the expression and prognostic value of SPTLC1 in ccRCC. METHODS Three ccRCC patient cohorts were studied. ccRCC and adjacent normal kidney tissue samples were obtained from 183 patients at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) and subjected to immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to evaluate SPTLC1 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Two validation cohorts consisting of mRNA and clinicopathological data sets from patients with ccRCC were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, n = 429) and Oncomine (n = 178) databases. Associations between low and high SPTLC1 mRNA and protein expression and survival were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Independent prognostic factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS SPTLC1 mRNA or protein were expressed at significantly lower levels in ccRCC tissues compared with normal kidney tissues in all three patient cohorts (P < .001). Low SPTLC1 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival in the FUSCC (P = .041) and Oncomine (P < .001) cohorts, and was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (P < .0001) and progression-free survival (P < .001) in the TCGA cohort. Bioinformatics analysis identified 10 genes significantly coregulated with SPTLC1 in ccRCC, most of which contributed to sphingomyelin metabolism (SPTLC2, SPTLC3, SPTSSA, SPTSSB, ORMDL1, ORMDL2, ORMDL3, ZDHHC9, GOLGA7B, and KDSR). Functional enrichment analysis predicted that SPTLC1 and its network play significant roles in inflammatory, hypoxia, and interferon gamma responses, and in allograft rejection pathways. CONCLUSION Low SPTLC1 expression is significantly associated with disease progression and poor survival in patients with ccRCC, suggesting that SPTLC1 may function as a tumor suppressor. Thus, SPTLC1 could be a potential new biomarker and/or therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kai Zhu
- Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mierxiati Abudurexiti
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Carreira AC, Santos TC, Lone MA, Zupančič E, Lloyd-Evans E, de Almeida RFM, Hornemann T, Silva LC. Mammalian sphingoid bases: Biophysical, physiological and pathological properties. Prog Lipid Res 2019:100995. [PMID: 31445071 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingoid bases encompass a group of long chain amino alcohols which form the essential structure of sphingolipids. Over the last years, these amphiphilic molecules were moving more and more into the focus of biomedical research due to their role as bioactive molecules. In fact, free sphingoid bases interact with specific receptors and target molecules and have been associated with numerous biological and physiological processes. In addition, they can modulate the biophysical properties of biological membranes. Several human diseases are related to pathological changes in the structure and metabolism of sphingoid bases. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their biological and pathophysiological actions remain elusive. Within this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical and biophysical properties of the most common sphingoid bases and to discuss their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Carreira
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - T C Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN) and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Lone
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zupančič
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Lloyd-Evans
- Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - R F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L C Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN) and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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32
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Chew WS, Torta F, Ji S, Choi H, Begum H, Sim X, Khoo CM, Khoo EYH, Ong WY, Van Dam RM, Wenk MR, Tai ES, Herr DR. Large-scale lipidomics identifies associations between plasma sphingolipids and T2DM incidence. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126925. [PMID: 31162145 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids (SPs) are ubiquitous, structurally diverse molecules that include ceramides, sphingomyelins, and sphingosines. They are involved in various pathologies including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, it is likely that perturbations in plasma concentrations of SPs are associated with disease. Identifying these associations may reveal useful biomarkers or provide insight into disease processes. METHODS We performed a lipidomics evaluation of molecularly-distinct SPs in the plasma of 2,302 ethnically-Chinese Singaporeans using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. SP profiles were compared to clinical and biochemical characteristics, and subjects were evaluated by follow-up visits for 11 years. RESULTS We found that ceramides correlate positively but hexosylceramides correlate negatively with body mass index (BMI) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Furthermore, SPs with a d16:1 sphingoid backbone correlate more positively with BMI and HOMA-IR, while d18:2 SPs correlate less positively, relative to canonical d18:1 SPs. We also found that higher concentrations of two distinct sphingomyelins were associated with a higher risk of T2DM (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18-1.78 for SM d16:1/C18:0; and HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.17-1.68 for SM d18:1/C18:0). CONCLUSION We identified significant associations between SPs and obesity/T2DM characteristics, specifically, that of hexosylceramides, d16:1 SPs, and d18:2 SPs. This suggests that the balance of SP metabolism, rather than ceramide accumulation, is associated with the pathology of obesity. We further identified two specific SPs that may represent prognostic biomarkers for T2DM. FUNDING Funding sources are listed in the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Ji
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National Health System, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Husna Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National Health System, Singapore
| | - Eric Yin Hao Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National Health System, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M Van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National Health System, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National Health System, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Deron R Herr
- Department of Pharmacology and.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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33
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Carreira AC, Santos TC, Lone MA, Zupančič E, Lloyd-Evans E, de Almeida RFM, Hornemann T, Silva LC. Mammalian sphingoid bases: Biophysical, physiological and pathological properties. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100988. [PMID: 31132366 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingoid bases encompass a group of long chain amino alcohols which form the essential structure of sphingolipids. Over the last years, these amphiphilic molecules were moving more and more into the focus of biomedical research due to their role as bioactive molecules. In fact, free sphingoid bases interact with specific receptors and target molecules, and have been associated with numerous biological and physiological processes. In addition, they can modulate the biophysical properties of biological membranes. Several human diseases are related to pathological changes in the structure and metabolism of sphingoid bases. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their biological and pathophysiological actions remain elusive. Within this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical and biophysical properties of the most common sphingoid bases and to discuss their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Carreira
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal; Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - T C Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN), IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Lone
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zupančič
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal
| | - E Lloyd-Evans
- Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - R F M de Almeida
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica (CQB) e Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - T Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L C Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa 1649-003, Portugal; Centro de Química-Física Molecular - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CQFM-IN), IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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34
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Changes in the Canine Plasma Lipidome after Short- and Long-Term Excess Glucocorticoid Exposure. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6015. [PMID: 30979907 PMCID: PMC6461633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are critical regulators of metabolic control in mammals and their aberrant function has been linked to several pathologies. GCs are widely used in human and veterinary clinical practice as potent anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive agents. Dyslipidaemia is a frequently observed consequence of GC treatment, typified by increased lipolysis, lipid mobilization, liponeogenesis, and adipogenesis. Dogs with excess GC show hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the risk of developing atherosclerotic lesions is low as compared to humans. This study aimed to examine alterations in the canine plasma lipidome in a model of experimentally induced short-term and long-term GC excess. Both treatments led to significant plasma lipidome alterations, which were more pronounced after long-term excess steroid exposure. In particular, monohexosylceramides, phosphatidylinositols, ether phosphatidylcholines, acyl phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerols and sphingosine 1-phosphates showed significant changes. The present study highlights the hitherto unknown effects of GCs on lipid metabolism, which will be important in the further elucidation of the role and function of GCs as drugs and in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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35
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Magaye RR, Savira F, Hua Y, Kelly DJ, Reid C, Flynn B, Liew D, Wang BH. The role of dihydrosphingolipids in disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1107-1134. [PMID: 30523364 PMCID: PMC11105797 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrosphingolipids refer to sphingolipids early in the biosynthetic pathway that do not contain a C4-trans-double bond in the sphingoid backbone: 3-ketosphinganine (3-ketoSph), dihydrosphingosine (dhSph), dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (dhS1P) and dihydroceramide (dhCer). Recent advances in research related to sphingolipid biochemistry have shed light on the importance of sphingolipids in terms of cellular signalling in health and disease. However, dihydrosphingolipids have received less attention and research is lacking especially in terms of their molecular mechanisms of action. This is despite studies implicating them in the pathophysiology of disease, for example dhCer in predicting type 2 diabetes in obese individuals, dhS1P in cardiovascular diseases and dhSph in hepato-renal toxicity. This review gives a comprehensive summary of research in the last 10-15 years on the dihydrosphingolipids, 3-ketoSph, dhSph, dhS1P and dhCer, and their relevant roles in different diseases. It also highlights gaps in research that could be of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R Magaye
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Feby Savira
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yue Hua
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Darren J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher Reid
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bernard Flynn
- Australian Translational Medicinal Chemistry Facility, Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bing H Wang
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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36
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Choi S, Snider AJ. Diet, lipids and colon cancer. CELLULAR NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND CANCER 2019; 347:105-144. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zelnik ID, Rozman B, Rosenfeld-Gur E, Ben-Dor S, Futerman AH. A Stroll Down the CerS Lane. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1159:49-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21162-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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38
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Ren J, Saied EM, Zhong A, Snider J, Ruiz C, Arenz C, Obeid LM, Girnun GD, Hannun YA. Tsc3 regulates SPT amino acid choice in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by promoting alanine in the sphingolipid pathway. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2126-2139. [PMID: 30154231 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m088195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of most sphingolipids (SPLs) starts with condensation between serine and an activated long-chain fatty acid catalyzed by serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). SPT can also use other amino acids to generate small quantities of noncanonical SPLs. The balance between serine-derived and noncanonical SPLs is pivotal; for example, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I results from SPT mutations that cause an abnormal accumulation of alanine-derived SPLs. The regulatory mechanism for SPT amino acid selectivity and physiological functions of noncanonical SPLs are unknown. We investigated SPT selection of amino acid substrates by measuring condensation products of serine and alanine in yeast cultures and SPT use of serine and alanine in a TSC3 knockout model. We identified the Tsc3 subunit of SPT as a regulator of amino acid substrate selectivity by demonstrating its primary function in promoting alanine utilization by SPT and confirmed its requirement for the inhibitory effect of alanine on SPT utilization of serine. Moreover, we observed downstream metabolic consequences to Tsc3 loss: serine influx into the SPL biosynthesis pathway increased through Ypk1-depenedent activation of SPT and ceramide synthases. This Ypk1-dependent activation of serine influx after Tsc3 knockout suggests a potential function for deoxy-sphingoid bases in modulating Ypk1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Ren
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Essa M Saied
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Aaron Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Justin Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Christian Ruiz
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY
| | - Geoffrey D Girnun
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY .,Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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39
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Choi S, Snider JM, Olakkengil N, Lambert JM, Anderson AK, Ross-Evans JS, Cowart LA, Snider AJ. Myristate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress requires ceramide synthases 5/6 and generation of C14-ceramide in intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:5724-5736. [PMID: 29768040 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800141r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) have been shown to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and chronic inflammatory responses, as well as alter sphingolipid metabolism. Disruptions in ER stress and sphingolipid metabolism have also been implicated in intestinal inflammation. Therefore, to elucidate the roles of SFAs in ER stress and inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells, we examined myristate (C14:0) and palmitate (C16:0). Myristate, but not palmitate, induced ER stress signaling, including activation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) signaling. Myristate significantly increased C14-ceramide levels, whereas palmitate increased several long-chain ceramides. To define the role of ceramide synthases (CerSs) in myristate-induced ER stress, we used the pharmacologic inhibitor, fumonisin B1 (FB1), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) for CerS5 and 6, the primary isoforms that are involved in C14-ceramide generation. FB1 and siRNA for CerS5 or 6 suppressed myristate-induced C14-ceramide generation and XBP1 splicing (XBP1s). Moreover, increased XBP1s induced the downstream expression of IL-6 in a CerS5/6-dependent manner. In addition, a myristate-enriched milk fat-based diet, but not a lard-based diet, increased C14-ceramide, XBP1s, and IL-6 expression in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that myristate modulates ER stress and cytokine production in the intestinal epithelium via CerS5/6 and C14-ceramide generation.-Choi, S., Snider, J. M., Olakkengil, N., Lambert, J. M., Anderson, A. K., Ross-Evans, J. S., Cowart, L. A., Snider, A. J. Myristate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress requires ceramide synthases 5/6 and generation of C14-ceramide in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhwa Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Olakkengil
- Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Johana M Lambert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea K Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica S Ross-Evans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
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40
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Law BA, Hancock WD, Cowart LA. Getting to the heart of the sphingolipid riddle. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 1:111-122. [PMID: 33195889 PMCID: PMC7665081 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome induce dyslipidemia resulting in inundation of peripheral organs with fatty acids. These not only serve as substrates for energy production, but also contribute to aberrant production of bioactive lipids. Moreover, lipid metabolism is affected in many cardiac disorders including heart failure, ischemia reperfusion injury, and others. While lipids serve crucial homeostatic roles, perturbing biosynthesis of lipid mediators leads to aberrant cell signaling, which contributes to maladaptive cardiovascular programs. Bioactive sphingolipids, in particular, have been implicated in pathophysiology in the heart and vasculature by a variety of studies in cells, animal models, and humans. Because of the burgeoning interest in sphingolipid-driven biology in the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to discuss the experimental considerations for studying sphingolipid metabolism and signaling, emphasizing the caveats to some widely available experimental tools and approaches. Additionally, there is a growing appreciation for the diversity of ceramide structures generated via specific enzymes and bearing disparate cellular functions. While targeting these individual species and enzymes constitutes a major advance, studies show that sphingolipid synthesis readily adapts to compensate for experimental targeting of any individual pathway, thereby convoluting data interpretation. Furthermore, though some molecular mechanisms of sphingolipid action are known, signaling pathways impacted by sphingolipids remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss these issues and highlight recent studies as well as future directions that may extend our understanding of the metabolism and signaling actions of these enigmatic lipids in the cardiovascular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britany A Law
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Present Address: Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Duke University, Durham NC
| | - William D. Hancock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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Law BA, Liao X, Moore KS, Southard A, Roddy P, Ji R, Szulc Z, Bielawska A, Schulze PC, Cowart LA. Lipotoxic very-long-chain ceramides cause mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cell death in cardiomyocytes. FASEB J 2018; 32:1403-1416. [PMID: 29127192 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700300r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating data support a role for bioactive lipids as mediators of lipotixicity in cardiomyocytes. One class of these, the ceramides, constitutes a family of molecules that differ in structure and are synthesized by distinct enzymes, ceramide synthase (CerS)1-CerS6. Data support that specific ceramides and the enzymes that catalyze their formation play distinct roles in cell function. In a mouse model of diabetic cardiomyopathy, sphingolipid profiling revealed increases in not only the CerS5-derived ceramides but also in very long chain (VLC) ceramides derived from CerS2. Overexpression of CerS2 elevated VLC ceramides caused insulin resistance, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mitophagy. Palmitate induced CerS2 and oxidative stress, mitophagy, and apoptosis, which were prevented by depletion of CerS2. Neither overexpression nor knockdown of CerS5 had any function in these processes, suggesting a chain-length dependent impact of ceramides on mitochondrial function. This concept was also supported by the observation that synthetic mitochondria-targeted ceramides led to mitophagy in a manner proportional to N-acyl chain length. Finally, blocking mitophagy exacerbated cell death. Taken together, our results support a model by which CerS2 and VLC ceramides have a distinct role in lipotoxicity, leading to mitochondrial damage, which results in subsequent adaptive mitophagy. Our data reveal a novel lipotoxic pathway through CerS2.-Law, B. A., Liao, X., Moore, K. S., Southard, A., Roddy, P., Ji, R., Szulc, Z., Bielawska, A., Schulze, P. C., Cowart, L. A. Lipotoxic very-long-chain ceramides cause mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cell death in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Law
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xianghai Liao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kelsey S Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Abigail Southard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick Roddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ruiping Ji
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zdzislaw Szulc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ala Bielawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology, and Intensive Medical Care, Department of Internal Medicine I, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, University of Jena, Jena, Germany; and
| | - L Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Veteran's Affairs, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Sphingolipids, including the two central bioactive lipids ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), have opposing roles in regulating cancer cell death and survival, respectively, and there have been exciting developments in understanding how sphingolipid metabolism and signalling regulate these processes in response to anticancer therapy. Recent studies have provided mechanistic details of the roles of sphingolipids and their downstream targets in the regulation of tumour growth and response to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy using innovative molecular, genetic and pharmacological tools to target sphingolipid signalling nodes in cancer cells. For example, structure-function-based studies have provided innovative opportunities to develop mechanism-based anticancer therapeutic strategies to restore anti-proliferative ceramide signalling and/or inhibit pro-survival S1P-S1P receptor (S1PR) signalling. This Review summarizes how ceramide-induced cellular stress mediates cancer cell death through various mechanisms involving the induction of apoptosis, necroptosis and/or mitophagy. Moreover, the metabolism of ceramide for S1P biosynthesis, which is mediated by sphingosine kinase 1 and 2, and its role in influencing cancer cell growth, drug resistance and tumour metastasis through S1PR-dependent or receptor-independent signalling are highlighted. Finally, studies targeting enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism and/or signalling and their clinical implications for improving cancer therapeutics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 957, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Merrill AH, Sullards MC. Opinion article on lipidomics: Inherent challenges of lipidomic analysis of sphingolipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:774-776. [PMID: 28161582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A challenge for sphingolipidomic analysis is the vast number of subspecies, including a large number of isomers-a complication that was even appreciated by the original discoverer of sphingolipids J. L. W. Thudichum (The Chemistry of the Brain, p. x, 1884): "In the course of my researches many unforeseen complications arose, prominent amongst which were those caused by the occurrence of chemical principles having the same atomic or elementary composition, but differing in other chemical, or in physical properties, varieties producing the phenomenon which in chemistry is termed isomerism." Therefore, it is essential to choose the appropriate method(s) for the goal of the analysis, to know the assumptions and limitations of method(s) used, and to temper interpretation of the data accordingly. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: BBALIP_Lipidomics Opinion Articles edited by Sepp Kohlwein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred H Merrill
- School of Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230 USA.
| | - M Cameron Sullards
- School of Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230 USA.
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Ross JS, Russo SB, Chavis GC, Cowart LA. Sphingolipid regulators of cellular dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systems overview. CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY 2017; 9:553-569. [PMID: 29643939 PMCID: PMC5891157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climbing obesity rates have contributed to worldwide increases in obesity-associated diseases, including the metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sphingolipids, an important class of structural and signaling lipids, have emerged as key players in the development and pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. More specifically, sphingolipids have been demonstrated to play integral roles in lipotoxicity and other aspects of pathogenesis in T2DM, although the cellular mechanisms by which this occurs and by which sphingolipid metabolism is dysregulated in T2DM remain under investigation. This review summarizes current knowledge of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in key organs and tissues affected by T2DM, including the pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, cardiovascular system and liver, and highlights areas that ripe for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Ross
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,USA
| | - Sarah B Russo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,USA
| | - Georgia C Chavis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,USA
| | - Lauren A Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,USA
- Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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Casasampere M, Ordóñez YF, Casas J, Fabrias G. Dihydroceramide desaturase inhibitors induce autophagy via dihydroceramide-dependent and independent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:264-275. [PMID: 27894925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy consists on the delivery of cytoplasmic material and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. Research on autophagy is a growing field because deciphering the basic mechanisms of autophagy is key to understanding its role in health and disease, and to paving the way to discovering novel therapeutic strategies. Studies with chemotherapeutic drugs and pharmacological tools support a role for dihydroceramides as mediators of autophagy. However, their effect on the autophagy outcome (cell survival or death) is more controversial. METHODS We have examined the capacity of structurally varied Des1 inhibitors to stimulate autophagy (LC3-II analysis), to increase dihydroceramides (mass spectrometry) and to reduce cell viability (SRB) in T98G and U87MG glioblastoma cells under different experimental conditions. RESULTS The compounds activity on autophagy induction took place concomitantly with accumulation of dihydroceramides, which occurred by both stimulation of ceramide synthesis de novo and reduction of Des1 activity. However, autophagy was also induced by the test compounds after preincubation with myriocin and in cells with a reduced capacity to produce dihydroceramides (U87DND). Autophagy inhibition with 3-methyladenine in the de novo dihydroceramide synthesis competent U87MG cells increased cytotoxicity, while genetic inhibition of autophagy in U87DND cells, poorly efficient at synthesizing dihydroceramides, augmented resistance to the test compounds. CONCLUSION Dihydroceramide desaturase 1 inhibitors activate autophagy via both dihydroceramide-dependent and independent pathways and the balance between the two pathways influences the final cell fate. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The cells capacity to biosynthesize dihydroceramides must be taken into account in proautophagic Des1 inhibitors-including therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casasampere
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yadira F Ordóñez
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), Departament de Química Biomèdica, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain..
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Lai MKP, Chew WS, Torta F, Rao A, Harris GL, Chun J, Herr DR. Biological Effects of Naturally Occurring Sphingolipids, Uncommon Variants, and Their Analogs. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:396-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Wegner MS, Schiffmann S, Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G, Grösch S. The enigma of ceramide synthase regulation in mammalian cells. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:93-119. [PMID: 27180613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ceramide synthases (CerS) are key enzymes in the lipid metabolism of eukaryotic cells. Their products, ceramides (Cer), are components of cellular membranes but also mediate signaling functions in physiological processes such as proliferation, skin barrier function and cerebellar development. In pathophysiological processes such as multiple sclerosis and tumor progression, ceramide levels are altered, which can be ascribed, partly, to dysregulation of CerS gene transcription. Most publications deal with the effects of altered ceramide levels on physiological and pathophysiological processes, but the regulation of the appropriate CerS is frequently not investigated. This is insufficient for the clarification of the role of ceramides, because most ceramide species are generated by at least two CerS. The mechanisms of CerS regulation are manifold and it seems that each CerS isoform is regulated individually. For this reason, we discuss the different CerS separately in this review. From transcriptional regulation to alteration of protein activity, the possibilities to influence CerS are diverse. Furthermore, CerS are influenced by a variety of molecules including hormones and lipids. Without claiming completeness, we provide a résumé of the regulatory mechanisms for each CerS in mammalian cells and how dysregulation of these mechanisms during physiological processes may lead to pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe-Susanna Wegner
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann- Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael John Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann- Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Johann- Wolfgang Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ziv C, Malitsky S, Othman A, Ben-Dor S, Wei Y, Zheng S, Aharoni A, Hornemann T, Vardi A. Viral serine palmitoyltransferase induces metabolic switch in sphingolipid biosynthesis and is required for infection of a marine alga. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1907-16. [PMID: 26984500 PMCID: PMC4822627 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523168113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans shaping community structure and nutrient cycling. The interaction between the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi and its specific large dsDNA virus (EhV) is a major factor determining the fate of carbon in the ocean, thus serving as a key host-pathogen model system. The EhV genome encodes for a set of genes involved in the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, not reported in any viral genome to date. We combined detailed lipidomic and biochemical analyses to characterize the functional role of this virus-encoded pathway during lytic viral infection. We identified a major metabolic shift, mediated by differential substrate specificity of virus-encoded serine palmitoyltransferase, a key enzyme of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Consequently, unique viral glycosphingolipids, composed of unusual hydroxylated C17 sphingoid bases (t17:0) were highly enriched in the infected cells, and their synthesis was found to be essential for viral assembly. These findings uncover the biochemical bases of the virus-induced metabolic rewiring of the host sphingolipid biosynthesis during the chemical "arms race" in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmit Ziv
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Biological Services Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Assaf Vardi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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Lipid metabolism and signaling in cardiac lipotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1513-24. [PMID: 26924249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The heart balances uptake, metabolism and oxidation of fatty acids (FAs) to maintain ATP production, membrane biosynthesis and lipid signaling. Under conditions where FA uptake outpaces FA oxidation and FA sequestration as triacylglycerols in lipid droplets, toxic FA metabolites such as ceramides, diacylglycerols, long-chain acyl-CoAs, and acylcarnitines can accumulate in cardiomyocytes and cause cardiomyopathy. Moreover, studies using mutant mice have shown that dysregulation of enzymes involved in triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and sphingolipid metabolism in the heart can lead to the excess deposition of toxic lipid species that adversely affect cardiomyocyte function. This review summarizes our current understanding of lipid uptake, metabolism and signaling pathways that have been implicated in the development of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy under conditions including obesity, diabetes, aging, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Sphingolipids in High Fat Diet and Obesity-Related Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:520618. [PMID: 26648664 PMCID: PMC4663345 DOI: 10.1155/2015/520618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient oversupply associated with a high fat diet (HFD) significantly alters cellular metabolism, and specifically including sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingolipids are emerging as bioactive lipids that play key roles in regulating functions, in addition to their traditional roles as membrane structure. HFD enhances de novo sphingolipid synthesis and turnover of sphingolipids via the salvage pathway, resulting in the generation of ceramide, and more specifically long chain ceramide species. Additionally, HFD elevates sphingomyelin and sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) levels in several tissues including liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and cardiovascular tissues. HFD-stimulated sphingolipid generation contributes to systemic insulin resistance, dysregulated lipid accumulation, and cytokine expression and secretion from skeletal muscle and adipose tissues, exacerbating obesity-related conditions. Furthermore, altered sphingolipid levels, particularly ceramide and sphingomyelin, are involved in obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. In this review, HFD-mediated sphingolipid metabolism and its impact on HFD-induced biology and pathobiology will be discussed.
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