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Martínez M, Arata A, Dinolfo MI, Lázaro L, Welin B, Stenglein S. Evaluation of PSP1 biostimulant on Fusarium graminearum-wheat pathosystem: impact on disease parameters, grain yield, and grain quality. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3578-3589. [PMID: 38450978 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant defense elicitors are valuable tools in sustainable agriculture, providing an environmentally friendly and effective means of enhancing plant defense and promoting plant health. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important fungal diseases of cereal crops worldwide. The PSP1 is a novel biopesticide formulated based on an elicitor, the extracellular protein AsES, from the fungus Sarocladium strictum. The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PSP1 in controlling FHB under field conditions. Experiments were conducted during three consecutive growing seasons (2019, 2020, and 2021). Three biostimulant treatments were tested in different physiological stages (from late tillering to heading stage), and FHB inoculations were performed at anthesis. Disease parameters, seed parameters, grain yield, and grain quality parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Depending on the year and the genotype, reductions in disease incidence (up to 11%) and disease severity (up to 5%) were reported, although these differences could not be attributed to the use of the PSP1 biostimulant. Occasional improvements in seed parameters and grain quality were observed, suggesting that early treatments could work better than late treatments, probably due to early activation/priming of defense response mechanisms. However, more studies are deemed necessary. CONCLUSION The use of PSP1 biostimulant in commercial wheat crops could be a biological alternative or complement to traditional chemical fungicides to manage FHB. The reduced environmental impact and the potential benefits in grain yield and quality are other reasons that can generate new adherents of this technology in worldwide agriculture systems in the coming years. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología, BIOLAB-INBIOTEC-CONICET-CICBA. Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Área de Mejoramiento y Genética Vegetal. Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Arata
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología, BIOLAB-INBIOTEC-CONICET-CICBA. Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones Integradas sobre Sistemas Agronómicos Sustentables (CIISAS). Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Inés Dinolfo
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología, BIOLAB-INBIOTEC-CONICET-CICBA. Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Área de Mejoramiento y Genética Vegetal. Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Lázaro
- Centro de Investigaciones Integradas sobre Sistemas Agronómicos Sustentables (CIISAS). Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Björn Welin
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología, BIOLAB-INBIOTEC-CONICET-CICBA. Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Área de Microbiología. Facultad de Agronomía, UNCPBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang Y, Liao X, Shang W, Qin J, Xu X, Hu X. The secreted feruloyl esterase of Verticillium dahliae modulates host immunity via degradation of GhDFR. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13431. [PMID: 38353627 PMCID: PMC10866084 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase (ferulic acid esterase, FAE) is an essential component of many biological processes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This research aimed to investigate the role of FAE and its regulation mechanism in plant immunity. We identified a secreted feruloyl esterase VdFAE from the hemibiotrophic plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. VdFAE acted as an important virulence factor during V. dahliae infection, and triggered plant defence responses, including cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Deletion of VdFAE led to a decrease in the degradation of ethyl ferulate. VdFAE interacted with Gossypium hirsutum protein dihydroflavanol 4-reductase (GhDFR), a positive regulator in plant innate immunity, and promoted the degradation of GhDFR. Furthermore, silencing of GhDFR led to reduced resistance of cotton plants against V. dahliae. The results suggested a fungal virulence strategy in which a fungal pathogen secretes FAE to interact with host DFR and interfere with plant immunity, thereby promoting infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xiwen Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Wenjing Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Pest & Pathogen Ecology, NIAB East MallingWest MallingUK
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency Production, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Integrated Management of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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Wang Y, Yu H, Xu Y, Wu M, Zhang J, Tsuda K, Liu S, Jiang D, Chen W, Wei Y, Li G, Yang L. Expression of a mycoparasite protease in plant petals suppresses the petal-mediated infection by necrotrophic pathogens. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113290. [PMID: 37874677 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are necrotrophic plant-pathogenic fungi, causing substantial economic losses on many crops. So far, resistant cultivars against these pathogens are unavailable in most crops. Here, we show that the serine protease CmSp1 of Coniothyrium minitans, a well-characterized mycoparasite of S. sclerotiorum, contributed to suppressing the petal-mediated infection by S. sclerotiorum in rapeseed. Application of recombinant CmSp1 proteins facilitates the bulk degradation of S. sclerotiorum proteins and inhibits spore germination and hyphal growth of S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, thereby preventing the development of both diseases. Stable transgenic rapeseed plants with tissue-specific expression of CmSp1 in flower petals inhibit the petal-mediated infection by both S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, and resulting transgenic plants have no adverse effect on other agronomic traits. Thus, our findings provide a novel mechanism by which a mycoparasite inhibits fungal pathogens and an environmentally friendly disease management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingde Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yangdou Wei
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Guoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Yang L, Yan C, Peng S, Chen L, Guo J, Lu Y, Li L, Ji Z. Broad-spectrum resistance mechanism of serine protease Sp1 in Bacillus licheniformis W10 via dual comparative transcriptome analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:974473. [PMID: 36267189 PMCID: PMC9577198 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.974473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonistic microorganisms are considered to be the most promising biological controls for plant disease. However, they are still not as popular as chemical pesticides due to complex environmental factors in the field. It is urgent to exploit their potential genetic characteristics and excellent properties to develop biopesticides with antimicrobial substances as the main components. Here, the serine protease Sp1 isolated from the Bacillus licheniformis W10 strain was confirmed to have a broad antifungal and antibacterial spectrum. Sp1 treatment significantly inhibited fungal vegetative growth and damaged the structure of hyphae, in accordance with that caused by W10 strain. Furthermore, Sp1 could activate the systemic resistance of peach twigs, fruits and tobacco. Dual comparative transcriptome analysis uncovered how Sp1 resisted the plant pathogenic fungus Phomopsis amygdali and the potential molecular resistance mechanisms of tobacco. In PSp1 vs. P. amygdali, RNA-seq identified 150 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were upregulated and 209 DEGs that were downregulated. Further analysis found that Sp1 might act on the energy supply and cell wall structure to inhibit the development of P. amygdali. In TSp1 vs. Xanthi tobacco, RNA-seq identified that 5937 DEGs were upregulated and 2929 DEGs were downregulated. DEGs were enriched in the metabolic biosynthesis pathways of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interactions, and MAPK signaling pathway–plant and further found that the genes of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways were highly expressed and the contents of SA and JA increased significantly, suggesting that systemic resistance induced by Sp1 shares features of SAR and ISR. In addition, Sp1 might induce the plant defense responses of tobacco. This study provides insights into the broad-spectrum resistance molecular mechanism of Sp1, which could be used as a potential biocontrol product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chun Yan
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lili Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yihe Lu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhaolin Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaolin Ji,
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Chen X, Li X, Duan Y, Pei Z, Liu H, Yin W, Huang J, Luo C, Chen X, Li G, Xie K, Hsiang T, Zheng L. A secreted fungal subtilase interferes with rice immunity via degradation of SUPPRESSOR OF G2 ALLELE OF skp1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1474-1489. [PMID: 35861434 PMCID: PMC9516721 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine protease subtilase, found widely in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, participates in various biological processes. However, how fungal subtilase regulates plant immunity is a major concern. Here, we identified a secreted fungal subtilase, UvPr1a, from the rice false smut (RFS) fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. We characterized UvPr1a as a virulence effector localized to the plant cytoplasm that inhibits plant cell death induced by Bax. Heterologous expression of UvPr1a in rice (Oryza sativa) enhanced plant susceptibility to rice pathogens. UvPr1a interacted with the important rice protein SUPPRESSOR OF G2 ALLELE OF skp1 (OsSGT1), a positive regulator of innate immunity against multiple rice pathogens, degrading OsSGT1 in a protease activity-dependent manner. Furthermore, host-induced gene silencing of UvPr1a compromised disease resistance of rice plants. Our work reveals a previously uncharacterized fungal virulence strategy in which a fungal pathogen secretes a subtilase to interfere with rice immunity through degradation of OsSGT1, thereby promoting infection. These genetic resources provide tools for introducing RFS resistance and further our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuhang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhangxin Pei
- Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weixiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kabin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Canada
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Hu J, Chang R, Yuan Y, Li Z, Wang Y. Identification of Key Residues Essential for the Activation of Plant Immunity by Subtilisin From Bacillus velezensis LJ02. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869596. [PMID: 36046019 PMCID: PMC9421249 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtilisin, a serine protease, can trigger defense responses in a wide variety of plants, both locally and systemically, to protect against pathogens. However, key residues of subtilisin to improve resistance to plant diseases remain unknown. In this study, Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) leaves expressing subtilisin from Bacillus velezensis LJ02 were shown to improve protection against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea). Furthermore, the underlying mechanism that LJ02 subtilisin improved the protective effect was explored, and the direct inhibitory effect of subtilisin on B. cinerea was excluded in vitro. Subsequently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and upregulation of resistance-related genes in systemic leaves of N. benthamiana further verified that subtilisin could induce systemic protection against B. cinerea. G307A/T308A and S213A/L214A/G215A subtilisin significantly reduced the ability to resist B. cinerea infection in N. benthamiana. Furthermore, the ROS content and expression levels of resistance-related genes of both mutants were significantly decreased compared with that of wild-type subtilisin. This work identified key residues essential for the activation function of subtilisin plant immunity and was crucial in inducing plant defense responses against B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruokui Chang
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujin Yuan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoran Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Zhuoran Li,
| | - Yuanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanhong Wang,
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Caro MDP, Venturuzzi AL, Moschen S, Salazar SM, Díaz-Ricci JC, Asurmendi S. A fungal protease named AsES triggers antiviral immune responses and effectively restricts virus infection in arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:593-606. [PMID: 35134835 PMCID: PMC9007096 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants have evolved complex mechanisms to fight against pathogens. Among these mechanisms, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) relies on the recognition of conserved microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs or PAMPs, respectively) by membrane-bound receptors. Indeed, PTI restricts virus infection in plants and, in addition, BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1), a central regulator of PTI, plays a role in antiviral resistance. However, the compounds that trigger antiviral defences, along with their molecular mechanisms of action, remain mostly elusive. Herein, we explore the role of a fungal extracellular subtilase named AsES in its capacity to trigger antiviral responses. METHODS In this study, we obtained AsES by recombinant expression, and evaluated and characterized its capacity to trigger antiviral responses against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) by performing time course experiments, analysing gene expression, virus movement and callose deposition. KEY RESULTS The results of this study provide direct evidence that exogenous treatment with recombinant AsES increases a state of resistance against TMV infection, in both arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Also, the antiviral PTI response exhibited by AsES in arabidopsis is mediated by the BAK1/SERK3 and BKK1/SERK4 co-receptors. Moreover, AsES requires a fully active salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway to restrict the TMV movement by inducing callose deposition. Additionally, treatment with PSP1, a biostimulant based on AsES as the active compound, showed an increased resistance against TMV in N. benthamiana and tobacco plants. CONCLUSIONS AsES is a fungal serine protease which triggers antiviral responses relying on a conserved mechanism by means of the SA signalling pathway and could be exploited as an effective and sustainable biotechnology strategy for viral disease management in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Pilar Caro
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, Hurlingham B1686IGC, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Provincial 301 Km 32, Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Andrea Laura Venturuzzi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, Hurlingham B1686IGC, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Moschen
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Provincial 301 Km 32, Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sergio Miguel Salazar
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Ruta Provincial 301 Km 32, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz-Ricci
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica ‘Dr. Bernabé Bloj’, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Asurmendi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, Hurlingham B1686IGC, Argentina
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Yang B, Yang S, Zheng W, Wang Y. Plant immunity inducers: from discovery to agricultural application. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:5. [PMID: 37676359 PMCID: PMC10442025 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
While conventional chemical fungicides directly eliminate pathogens, plant immunity inducers activate or prime plant immunity. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in plants. The development and application of plant immunity inducers based on the principles of plant immunity represent a new field in plant protection research. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of plant immunity inducers in terms of plant immune system activation, summarize the various classes of reported plant immunity inducers (proteins, oligosaccharides, chemicals, and lipids), and review methods for the identification or synthesis of plant immunity inducers. The current situation, new strategies, and future prospects in the development and application of plant immunity inducers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyue Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Antifungal activity of volatile compounds generated by endophytic fungi Sarocladium brachiariae HND5 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260747. [PMID: 34855862 PMCID: PMC8639089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil-born filamentous fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), which causes vascular wilt disease in banana plants, is one of the most economically important Fusarium species. Biocontrol using endophytic microorganisms is among the most effective methods for controlling banana Fusarium wilt. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) showed strong antifungal activity against FOC. Seventeen compounds were identified from the VOCs produced by endophytic fungi Sarocladium brachiariae HND5, and three (2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 3,4-dimethoxystyrol and caryophyllene) showed antifungal activity against FOC with 50% effective concentrations of 36, 60 and 2900 μL/L headspace, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and double fluorescence staining revealed that 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and 3,4-dimethoxystyrol damaged the plasma membranes, resulting in cell death. 3,4-dimethoxystyrol also could induce expression of chitin synthases genes and altered the cell walls of FOC hyphae. Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining indicated the caryophyllene induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FOC hyphae. FOC secondary metabolism also responded to active VOC challenge by producing less fusaric acid and expressions of genes related to fusaric acid production were interrupted at sublethal concentrations. These findings indicate the potential of S. brachiariae HND5 as a biocontrol agent against FOC and the antifungal VOCs as fumigants.
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Chandra S, Oh Y, Han H, Salinas N, Anciro A, Whitaker VM, Chacon JG, Fernandez G, Lee S. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis to Identify Candidate Genes for FaRCg1 Conferring Resistance Against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Cultivated Strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa). Front Genet 2021; 12:730444. [PMID: 34504518 PMCID: PMC8422960 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.730444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum crown rot (CCR) caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a serious threat to the cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Our previous study reported that a major locus, FaRCg1, increases resistance. However, the genomic structure of FaRCg1 and potential candidate genes associated with the resistance remained unknown. Here, we performed comparative transcriptome analyses of resistant 'Florida Elyana' and susceptible 'Strawberry Festival' after infection and identified candidate genes potentially involved in resistance. In 'Florida Elyana', 6,099 genes were differentially expressed in response to C. gloeosporioides. Gene ontology analysis showed that the most upregulated genes were functionally associated with signaling pathways of plant defense responses. Three genes in the genomic region of FaRCg1 were highly upregulated: a von Willebrand Factor A domain-containing protein, a subtilisin-like protease, and a TIFY 11A-like protein. Subgenome-specific markers developed for the candidate genes were tested with a diverse panel of 219 accessions from University of Florida and North Carolina State University breeding programs. Significant and positive associations were found between the high-resolution melting (HRM) marker genotypes and CCR phenotypes. These newly developed subgenome-specific functional markers for FaRCg1 can facilitate development of resistant varieties through marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket Chandra
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida-IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Youngjae Oh
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida-IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Hyeondae Han
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida-IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Natalia Salinas
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida-IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Ashlee Anciro
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida-IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Vance M Whitaker
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida-IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL, United States
| | - Jose Guillermo Chacon
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Gina Fernandez
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Seonghee Lee
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida-IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL, United States
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11
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Perato SM, Furio RN, Tomas-Grau RH, Caro MP, Hael-Conrad V, Díaz-Ricci JC, Martinez-Zamora MG. The fungal elicitor AsES requires a functional ethylene pathway to activate the innate immunity in strawberry. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:1030-1040. [PMID: 32757407 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acremonium strictum Elicitor Subtilisin (AsES) is a fungal elicitor that activates innate immunity, conferring disease resistance in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), Arabidopsis and other plant species. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the involvement of the ethylene (ET) signalling pathway in AsES-mediated immune response in strawberry. Ethylene production and expression of the genes responsible for ET synthesis, perception and response were measured after AsES treatment. ROS (H2 O2 ) accumulation and immunity induced by AsES were studied after ET perception was blocked by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Biochemical and molecular results showed that AsES induced a marked increase in local and systemic biosynthesis of ET, both in a biphasic manner. Blocking of ET perception by 1-MCP prior to AsES induction reduced production of ROS (H2 O2 ) and prevented AsES from eliciting defence against fungal pathogens having different lifestyles, such as Botrytis cinerea (necrotrophic) and Colletotrichum acutatum (hemibiotrophic). These findings contribute to elucidate the mode of action of the novel elicitor subtilase, AsES, specifically regarding the role of ET signalling in the activation of plant innate immunity, in addition to the multitude of processes regulated by ET in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Perato
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - R N Furio
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - R H Tomas-Grau
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M P Caro
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - J C Díaz-Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M G Martinez-Zamora
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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12
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Caro MDP, Holton N, Conti G, Venturuzzi AL, Martínez‐Zamora MG, Zipfel C, Asurmendi S, Díaz‐Ricci JC. The fungal subtilase AsES elicits a PTI-like defence response in Arabidopsis thaliana plants independently of its enzymatic activity. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:147-159. [PMID: 31769595 PMCID: PMC6988430 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acremonium strictum elicitor subtilisin (AsES) is a 34-kDa serine-protease secreted by the strawberry fungal pathogen A. strictum. On AsES perception, a set of defence reactions is induced, both locally and systemically, in a wide variety of plant species and against pathogens of alternative lifestyles. However, it is not clear whether AsES proteolytic activity is required for triggering a defence response or if the protein itself acts as an elicitor. To investigate the necessity of the protease activity to activate the defence response, AsES coding sequences of the wild-type gene and a mutant on the active site (S226A) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Our data show that pretreatment of Arabidopsis plants with inactive proteins, i.e. inhibited with phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) and mutant, resulted in an increased systemic resistance to Botrytis cinerea and expression of defence-related genes in a temporal manner that mimics the effect already reported for the native AsES protein. The data presented in this study indicate that the defence-eliciting property exhibited by AsES is not associated with its proteolytic activity. Moreover, the enhanced expression of some immune marker genes, seedling growth inhibition and the involvement of the co-receptor BAK1 observed in plants treated with AsES suggests that AsES is being recognized as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern by a leucine-rich repeat receptor. The understanding of the mechanism of action of AsES will contribute to the development of new breeding strategies to confer durable resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Pilar Caro
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET‐UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNTSan Miguel de TucumánArgentina
| | - Nicholas Holton
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research Park, NorwichUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Conti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular – IABiMo – INTA – CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaHurlinghamArgentina
| | - Andrea Laura Venturuzzi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular – IABiMo – INTA – CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaHurlinghamArgentina
| | - Martin Gustavo Martínez‐Zamora
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET‐UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNTSan Miguel de TucumánArgentina
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research Park, NorwichUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich‐Basel Plant Science CenterUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Sebastian Asurmendi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular – IABiMo – INTA – CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaHurlinghamArgentina
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz‐Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET‐UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNTSan Miguel de TucumánArgentina
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13
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Tomas-Grau RH, Di Peto P, Chalfoun NR, Grellet-Bournonville CF, Martos GG, Debes M, Arias ME, Díaz-Ricci JC. Colletotrichum acutatum M11 can suppress the defence response in strawberry plants. PLANTA 2019; 250:1131-1145. [PMID: 31172342 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum acutatum M11 produces a diffusible compound that suppresses the biochemical, physiological, molecular and anatomical events associated with the defence response induced by the plant defence elicitor AsES. The fungal pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of anthracnose disease, causes important economical losses in strawberry crop worldwide and synthetic agrochemicals are used to control it. In this context, the control of the disease using bioproducts is gaining reputation as an alternative of those toxic and pollutant agrochemicals. However, the success of the strategies using bioproducts can be seriously jeopardized in the presence of biological agents exerting a defence suppression effect. In this report, we show that the response defence induced in plant by the elicitor AsES from the fungus Acremonium strictum can be suppressed by a diffusible compound produced by isolate M11 of C. acutatum. Results revealed that strawberry plants treated with conidia of the isolated M11 or the culture supernatant of the isolate M11 suppress: ROS accumulation (e.g., H2O2, O2·- and NO), cell wall reinforcement (e.g., lignin and callose), and the up-regulation of defence-related genes (e.g., FaPR1, FaCHI23, FaPDF1.2, FaCAT, FaCDPK, FaCML39) induced by the elicitor AsES. Additionally, we show that the defence suppressing effect causes a systemic sensitization of plants. Results presented here highlights the necessity to make an integral study of the microbiome present in soils and plant biosphere before applying defence activation bioproducts to control crop diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo H Tomas-Grau
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Pia Di Peto
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nadia R Chalfoun
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Carlos F Grellet-Bournonville
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Gustavo G Martos
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mario Debes
- Cátedra de Anatomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta E Arias
- Cátedra de Anatomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan C Díaz-Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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14
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Westrick NM, Ranjan A, Jain S, Grau CR, Smith DL, Kabbage M. Gene regulation of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum during infection of Glycine max: on the road to pathogenesis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:157. [PMID: 30808300 PMCID: PMC6390599 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a broad-host range necrotrophic pathogen which is the causative agent of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), and a major disease of soybean (Glycine max). A time course transcriptomic analysis was performed in both compatible and incompatible soybean lines to identify pathogenicity and developmental factors utilized by S. sclerotiorum to achieve pathogenic success. RESULTS A comparison of genes expressed during early infection identified the potential importance of toxin efflux and nitrogen metabolism during the early stages of disease establishment. The later stages of infection were characterized by an apparent shift to survival structure formation. Analysis of genes highly upregulated in-planta revealed a temporal regulation of hydrolytic and detoxification enzymes, putative secreted effectors, and secondary metabolite synthesis genes. Redox regulation also appears to play a key role during the course of infection, as suggested by the high expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species production and scavenging. Finally, distinct differences in early gene expression were noted based on the comparison of S. sclerotiorum infection of resistant and susceptible soybean lines. CONCLUSIONS Although many potential virulence factors have been noted in the S. sclerotiorum pathosystem, this study serves to highlight soybean specific processes most likely to be critical in successful infection. Functional studies of genes identified in this work are needed to confirm their importance to disease development, and may constitute valuable targets of RNAi approaches to improve resistance to SSR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Sachin Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Craig R. Grau
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Damon L. Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Mehdi Kabbage
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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15
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The cloak, dagger, and shield: proteases in plant-pathogen interactions. Biochem J 2018; 475:2491-2509. [PMID: 30115747 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense the presence of pathogens or pests through the recognition of evolutionarily conserved microbe- or herbivore-associated molecular patterns or specific pathogen effectors, as well as plant endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns. This sensory capacity is largely mediated through plasma membrane and cytosol-localized receptors which trigger complex downstream immune signaling cascades. As immune signaling outputs are often associated with a high fitness cost, precise regulation of this signaling is critical. Protease-mediated proteolysis represents an important form of pathway regulation in this context. Proteases have been widely implicated in plant-pathogen interactions, and their biochemical mechanisms and targets continue to be elucidated. During the plant and pathogen arms race, specific proteases are employed from both the plant and the pathogen sides to contribute to either defend or invade. Several pathogen effectors have been identified as proteases or protease inhibitors which act to functionally defend or camouflage the pathogens from plant proteases and immune receptors. In this review, we discuss known protease functions and protease-regulated signaling processes involved in both sides of plant-pathogen interactions.
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16
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Chalfoun NR, Durman SB, Budeguer F, Caro MDP, Bertani RP, Di Peto P, Stenglein SA, Filippone MP, Moretti ER, Díaz Ricci JC, Welin B, Castagnaro AP. Development of PSP1, a Biostimulant Based on the Elicitor AsES for Disease Management in Monocot and Dicot Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:844. [PMID: 30087681 PMCID: PMC6066549 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel biostimulant for sustainable crop disease management, PSP1, based on the plant defense-elicitor AsES, an extracellular protease produced by the strawberry fungal pathogen Acremonium strictum. Fungal fermentation conditions and downstream processing were determined to maximize extracellular protein production, product stability and a high plant defense-eliciting activity, as monitored by anthracnose resistance in supernatant-treated strawberry plants subsequently infected with a virulent strain of Colletotrichum acutatum. Fermentation batches were shown to reduce anthracnose development by 30-60% as compared to infected non-treated plants. Product formulation was shown to be stable for 6 months when stored at temperatures up to 45°C and toxicological tests showed that PSP1 was harmless to beneficial organisms and non-toxic to mammalian species at concentrations 50 times higher than those used in plant experiments. Furthermore, disease protection studies using dilutions of PSP1 indicated that there is a minimum threshold protease activity needed to induce pathogen defense in strawberry and that this induction effect is dose-independent. A significant characteristic of PSP1 is its broad-range protection against different diseases in various crop species. In soybean, PSP1 reduced the symptomatology by 70% of Corynespora cassiicola, etiological agent of the target spot. This protection effect was similar to the commercial inducer BION 500 WG based on BTH, and both products were shown to induce an oxidative burst and up-regulated PR1-gene expression in soybean. Furthermore, a double PSP1-treatment on greenhouse-grown sugarcane plants provided protection against bacterial red stripe disease caused by Acidovorax avenae and a double foliar application of PSP1 on field-grown wheat plants significantly increased resistance against Fusarium graminearum, causal agent of head blight disease, manifested mainly in an increased seed germination rate. In summary, these disease protection studies demonstrated an effective control against both bacterial and fungal pathogens in both monocot and dicot crop species, which together with its low production cost, effectiveness at low concentrations, long shelf-life, tolerance to high temperatures, harmlessness to non-target organisms and simple handling and application, make PSP1 a very promising candidate for effective and sustainable disease management in many crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Chalfoun
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Sandra B. Durman
- Bayer S.A., Argentina – Crop Science LATAM 2, Crop Science Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Budeguer
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - María d. P. Caro
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Romina P. Bertani
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Pía Di Peto
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Sebastián A. Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires-Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires and Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Azul, Argentina
| | - María P. Filippone
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | | | - Juan C. Díaz Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Instituto de Química Biológica “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Björn Welin
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Atilio P. Castagnaro
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
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17
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Ashwin NMR, Barnabas L, Ramesh Sundar A, Malathi P, Viswanathan R, Masi A, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R. CfPDIP1, a novel secreted protein of Colletotrichum falcatum, elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response in tobacco. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6001-6021. [PMID: 29728727 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum falcatum, a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, causes one of the major devastating diseases of sugarcane-red rot. C. falcatum secretes a plethora of molecular signatures that might play a crucial role during its interaction with sugarcane. Here, we report the purification and characterization of a novel secreted protein of C. falcatum that elicits defense responses in sugarcane and triggers hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. The novel protein purified from the culture filtrate of C. falcatum was identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS and designated as C. falcatum plant defense-inducing protein 1 (CfPDIP1). Temporal transcriptional profiling showed that the level of CfPDIP1 expression was greater in incompatible interaction than the compatible interaction until 120 h post-inoculation (hpi). EffectorP, an in silico tool, has predicted CfPDIP1 as a potential effector. Functional characterization of full length and two other domain deletional variants (CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 and CfPDIP1ΔN1-45) of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins has indicated that CfPDIP1ΔN1-21 variant elicited rapid alkalinization and induced a relatively higher production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in sugarcane suspension culture. However, in Nicotiana tabacum, all the three forms of recombinant CfPDIP1 proteins triggered HR along with the induction of H2O2 production and callose deposition. Further characterization using detached leaf bioassay in sugarcane revealed that foliar priming with CfPDIP1∆1-21 has suppressed the extent of lesion development, even though the co-infiltration of CfPDIP1∆1-21 with C. falcatum on unprimed leaves increased the extent of lesion development than control. Besides, the foliar priming has induced systemic expression of major defense-related genes with the concomitant reduction of pathogen biomass and thereby suppression of red rot severity in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the results have suggested that the novel protein, CfPDIP1, has the potential to trigger a multitude of defense responses in sugarcane and tobacco upon priming and might play a potential role during plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M R Ashwin
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India
| | - Leonard Barnabas
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India
| | - Amalraj Ramesh Sundar
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India.
| | - Palaniyandi Malathi
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India
| | - Rasappa Viswanathan
- Plant Pathology Section, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 007, India
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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18
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Chalfoun NR, Durman SB, González-Montaner J, Reznikov S, De Lisi V, González V, Moretti ER, Devani MR, Ploper LD, Castagnaro AP, Welin B. Elicitor-Based Biostimulant PSP1 Protects Soybean Against Late Season Diseases in Field Trials. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:763. [PMID: 29946326 PMCID: PMC6006009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, fungicide application in soybean production accounts for an important amount of global pesticide use, and it is therefore most desirable to find new healthier and more environmental friendly alternatives for the phytosanitary management in this crop. In this study, we present convincing evidence for effective induction of disease protection by the agricultural biostimulant PSP1, a formulation based on the plant-defense eliciting activity of the fungal protease AsES (Acremonium strictum elicitor subtilisin), in multiple field trials in Argentina. PSP1 was shown to combine well with commercial spray adjuvants, an insecticide, a herbicide and fungicides used in Argentinian soybean production without losing any defense-inducing activity, indicating an easy and efficient adaptability to conventional soybean production and disease management in the region. Results from multiple soybean field trials conducted with different elite genotypes at several locations during two consecutive growing seasons, showed that PSP1 is able to induce an enhanced pathogen defense which effectively reduced late season disease (LSD) development in field-grown soybean. This defense response seems to be broad-range as disease development was clearly reduced for at least three different fungi causing LSDs in soybean (Septoria glycines, Cercospora kikuchii and Cercospora sojina). It was noteworthy that application of PSP1 in soybean alone gave a similar protection against fungal diseases as compared to the commercial fungicides included in the field trials and that PSP1 applied together with a fungicide at reproductive stages enhanced disease protection and significantly increased grain yields. PSP1 is the first example of an elicitor-based strategy in order to efficiently control multiple fungal diseases under field conditions in the soybean crop. These results show the feasibility of using induced resistance products as complements or even full-good replacements to currently used chemical pesticides, fulfilling a role as important components of a more sustainable crop disease management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia R. Chalfoun
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Sandra B. Durman
- Bayer S.A., Argentina – Crop Science LATAM 2, Crop Science Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge González-Montaner
- Asociación Argentina de Consorcios Regionales de Experimentación Agrícola, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Reznikov
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Vicente De Lisi
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Victoria González
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | | | - Mario R. Devani
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - L. Daniel Ploper
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Atilio P. Castagnaro
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
| | - Björn Welin
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, Argentina
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Figueiredo J, Sousa Silva M, Figueiredo A. Subtilisin-like proteases in plant defence: the past, the present and beyond. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1017-1028. [PMID: 28524452 PMCID: PMC6638164 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Subtilisin-like proteases (or subtilases) are a very diverse family of serine peptidases present in many organisms, but mostly in plants. With a broad spectrum of biological functions, ranging from protein turnover and plant development to interactions with the environment, subtilases have been gaining increasing attention with regard to their involvement in plant defence responses against the most diverse pathogens. Over the last 5 years, the number of published studies associating plant subtilases with pathogen resistance and plant immunity has increased tremendously. In addition, the observation of subtilases and serine protease inhibitors secreted by pathogens has also gained prominence. In this review, we focus on the active participation of subtilases in the interactions established by plants with the environment, highlighting their role in plant-pathogen communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI)Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa EstruturalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
- Centro de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa Silva
- Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa EstruturalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
- Centro de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI)Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1749‐016Portugal
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20
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Tomas-Grau RH, Requena-Serra FJ, Hael-Conrad V, Martínez-Zamora MG, Guerrero-Molina MF, Díaz-Ricci JC. Soft mechanical stimulation induces a defense response against Botrytis cinerea in strawberry. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:239-250. [PMID: 29032427 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genes associated with plant mechanical stimulation were found in strawberry genome. A soft mechanical stimulation (SMS) induces molecular and biochemical changes in strawberry plants, conferring protection against Botrytis cinerea. Plants have the capacity to induce a defense response after exposure to abiotic stresses acquiring resistance towards pathogens. It was reported that when leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana were wounded or treated with a soft mechanical stimulation (SMS), they could resist much better the attack of the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and this effect was accompanied by an oxidative burst and the expression of touch-inducible genes (TCH). However, no further work was carried out to better characterize the induced defense response. In this paper, we report that TCH genes were identified for first time in the genomes of the strawberry species Fragaria ananassa (e.g. FaTCH2, FaTCH3, FaTCH4 and FaCML39) and Fragaria vesca (e.g. FvTCH2, FvTCH3, FvTCH4 and FvCML39). Phylogenetic studies revealed that F. ananassa TCH genes exhibited high similarity with the orthologous of F. vesca and lower with A. thaliana ones. We also present evidence that after SMS treatment on strawberry leaves, plants activate a rapid oxidative burst, callose deposition, and the up-regulation of TCH genes as well as plant defense genes such as FaPR1, FaCHI2-2, FaCAT, FaACS1 and FaOGBG-5. The latter represents the first report showing that TCH- and defense-induced genes participate in SMS-induced resistance in plants, bringing a rational explanation why plants exposed to a SMS treatment acquired an enhance resistance toward B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hernán Tomas-Grau
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Fernando José Requena-Serra
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Verónica Hael-Conrad
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martín Gustavo Martínez-Zamora
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda Guerrero-Molina
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz-Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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21
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Hael-Conrad V, Perato SM, Arias ME, Martínez-Zamora MG, Di Peto PDLÁ, Martos GG, Castagnaro AP, Díaz-Ricci JC, Chalfoun NR. The Elicitor Protein AsES Induces a Systemic Acquired Resistance Response Accompanied by Systemic Microbursts and Micro-Hypersensitive Responses in Fragaria ananassa. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:46-60. [PMID: 28635519 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-17-0121-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The elicitor AsES (Acremonium strictum elicitor subtilisin) is a 34-kDa subtilisin-like protein secreted by the opportunistic fungus Acremonium strictum. AsES activates innate immunity and confers resistance against anthracnose and gray mold diseases in strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and the last disease also in Arabidopsis. In the present work, we show that, upon AsES recognition, a cascade of defense responses is activated, including: calcium influx, biphasic oxidative burst (O2⋅- and H2O2), hypersensitive cell-death response (HR), accumulation of autofluorescent compounds, cell-wall reinforcement with callose and lignin deposition, salicylic acid accumulation, and expression of defense-related genes, such as FaPR1, FaPG1, FaMYB30, FaRBOH-D, FaRBOH-F, FaCHI23, and FaFLS. All these responses occurred following a spatial and temporal program, first induced in infiltrated leaflets (local acquired resistance), spreading out to untreated lateral leaflets, and later, to distal leaves (systemic acquired resistance). After AsES treatment, macro-HR and macro-oxidative bursts were localized in infiltrated leaflets, while micro-HRs and microbursts occurred later in untreated leaves, being confined to a single cell or a cluster of a few epidermal cells that differentiated from the surrounding ones. The differentiated cells initiated a time-dependent series of physiological and anatomical changes, evolving to idioblasts accumulating H2O2 and autofluorescent compounds that blast, delivering its content into surrounding cells. This kind of systemic cell-death process in plants is described for the first time in response to a single elicitor. All data presented in this study suggest that AsES has the potential to activate a wide spectrum of biochemical and molecular defense responses in F. ananassa that may explain the induced protection toward pathogens of opposite lifestyle, like hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Hael-Conrad
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Marisa Perato
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta Eugenia Arias
- 2 Cátedra de Anatomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina, and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Av. Belgrano 300, 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina; and
| | - Martín Gustavo Martínez-Zamora
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Pía de Los Ángeles Di Peto
- 3 Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA, CONICET-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres). Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Gabriel Martos
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Atilio Pedro Castagnaro
- 3 Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA, CONICET-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres). Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz-Ricci
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nadia Regina Chalfoun
- 3 Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA, CONICET-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres). Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
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22
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Boutrot F, Zipfel C. Function, Discovery, and Exploitation of Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:257-286. [PMID: 28617654 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to would-be pathogens and pests, and thus have a sophisticated immune system to ward off these threats, which otherwise can have devastating ecological and economic consequences on ecosystems and agriculture. Plants employ receptor kinases (RKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to monitor their apoplastic environment and detect non-self and damaged-self patterns as signs of potential danger. Plant PRRs contribute to both basal and non-host resistances, and treatment with pathogen-/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) recognized by plant PRRs induces both local and systemic immunity. Here, we comprehensively review known PAMPs/DAMPs recognized by plants as well as the plant PRRs described to date. In particular, we describe the different methods that can be used to identify PAMPs/DAMPs and PRRs. Finally, we emphasize the emerging biotechnological potential use of PRRs to improve broad-spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Boutrot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom;
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom;
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23
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Grunewaldt-Stöcker G, von Alten H. Is the root-colonizing endophyte Acremonium strictum an ericoid mycorrhizal fungus? MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:429-40. [PMID: 26846148 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In previous investigations, we found that Acremonium strictum (strain DSM 100709) developed intracellular structures with similarity to mycelia of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizodermal cells of flax plants and in hair roots of Rhododendron plantlets. A. strictum had also been isolated from roots of ericaceous salal plants and was described as an unusual ericoid mycorrhizal fungus (ERMF). As its mycorrhizal traits were doubted, we revised the hypothesis of a mycorrhizal nature of A. strictum. A successful synthesis of mycorrhiza in hair roots of inoculated ericaceous plants was a first step of evidence, followed by fluorescence microscopy with FUN(®)1 cell stain to observe the vitality of the host cells at the early infection stage. In inoculation trials with in vitro-raised mycorrhiza-free Rhododendron plants in axenic liquid culture and in greenhouse substrate culture, A. strictum was never observed in living hair root cells. As compared to the ERMF Oidiodendron maius and Rhizoscyphus ericae that invaded metabolically active host cells and established a symbiotic unit, A. strictum was only found in cells that were dead or in the process of dying and in the apoplast. In conclusion, A. strictum does not behave like a common ERMF-if it is one at all. A comparison of A. strictum isolates from ericaceous and non-ericaceous hosts could reveal further identity details to generalize or specify our findings on the symbiotic nature of A. strictum. At least, the staining method enables to discern between true mycorrhizal and other root endophytes-a tool for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Grunewaldt-Stöcker
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Phytomedicine, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Henning von Alten
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Phytomedicine, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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25
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Hatzios SK, Abel S, Martell J, Hubbard T, Sasabe J, Munera D, Clark L, Bachovchin DA, Qadri F, Ryan ET, Davis BM, Weerapana E, Waldor MK. Chemoproteomic profiling of host and pathogen enzymes active in cholera. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:268-274. [PMID: 26900865 PMCID: PMC4765928 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a chemoproteomic tool for detecting active enzymes in complex biological systems. We used ABPP to identify secreted bacterial and host serine hydrolases that are active in animals infected with the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Four V. cholerae proteases were consistently active in infected rabbits, and one, VC0157 (renamed IvaP), was also active in human choleric stool. Inactivation of IvaP influenced the activity of other secreted V. cholerae and rabbit enzymes in vivo, and genetic disruption of all four proteases increased the abundance of intelectin, an intestinal lectin, and its binding to V. cholerae in infected rabbits. Intelectin also bound to other enteric bacterial pathogens, suggesting that it may constitute a previously unrecognized mechanism of bacterial surveillance in the intestine that is inhibited by pathogen-secreted proteases. Our work demonstrates the power of activity-based proteomics to reveal host-pathogen enzymatic dialog in an animal model of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula K. Hatzios
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sören Abel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø (UiT), The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Troy Hubbard
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jumpei Sasabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana Munera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lars Clark
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brigid M. Davis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Martos GG, Terán MDM, Díaz Ricci JC. The defence elicitor AsES causes a rapid and transient membrane depolarization, a triphasic oxidative burst and the accumulation of nitric oxide. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:443-450. [PMID: 26562675 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The newly characterized elicitor AsES obtained from Acremonium strictum induces a strong defence response in strawberry plants and confers plants resistance against the fungal pathogen Colletotricum acutatum the casual agent of anthracnose disease. Previous studies showed that AsES causes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that peaked 4 h post treatment (hpt), but due to the experimental approach used it was not clear whether the accumulation of ROS observed was intracellular or extracellular or took place as a single peak. By using a different experimental setup, a more complex early events associated to the activation of the innate immunity were observed. In this paper we report that strawberry plant cells treated with AsES exhibits a triphasic production of H2O2 and a rapid intracellular accumulation of NO. The first phase consists in a progressive extracellular accumulation of H2O2 that starts immediately after the treatment with AsES and is preceded by a rapid and transient cell membrane depolarization. During this phase takes place also a rapid intracellular accumulation of NO. Microscopic observations of mesophyll cells treated with AsES reveals that NO accumulates at the chloroplast. After the first extracellular H2O2 production phase, two intracellular H2O2 accumulation events occur, the first 2 hpt, and the second 7 hpt. Cells treated with AsES also show a transient increase of ion leakage, and a progressive alkalinization of the extracellular medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gabriel Martos
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Conicet-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Del Milagro Terán
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Conicet-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Conicet-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI Tucumán, Argentina.
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27
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Hael-Conrad V, Abou-Mansour E, Díaz-Ricci JC, Métraux JP, Serrano M. The novel elicitor AsES triggers a defense response against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 241:120-7. [PMID: 26706064 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AsES (Acremonium strictum Elicitor and Subtilisin) is a novel extracellular elicitor protein produced by the avirulent isolate SS71 of the opportunist strawberry fungal pathogen A. strictum. Here we describe the activity of AsES in the plant-pathogen system Arabidopsis thaliana-Botrytis cinerea. We show that AsES renders A. thaliana plants resistant to the necrotrophic pathogen B. cinerea, both locally and systemically and the defense response observed is dose-dependent. Systemic, but not local resistance is dependent on the length of exposure to AsES. The germination of the spores in vitro was not inhibited by AsES, implying that protection to B. cinerea is due to the induction of the plant defenses. These results were further supported by the findings that AsES differentially affects mutants impaired in the response to salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene, suggesting that AsES triggers the defense response through these three signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hael-Conrad
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - E Abou-Mansour
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - J-C Díaz-Ricci
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, e Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - J-P Métraux
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - M Serrano
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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