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Li X, Zhang C, Vail CE, Sherrill JT, Xiong J. Piezo1 expression in mature osteocytes is dispensable for the skeletal response to mechanical loading. Bone 2024:117276. [PMID: 39389439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is essential for bone growth and homeostasis, with osteocytes considered the primary mechanosensors. Deleting the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 from Dmp1-Cre-targeted cells, which include both osteoblasts and osteocytes, resulted in reduced bone mass and impaired skeletal responses to mechanical stimuli. To specifically isolate Piezo1's role in osteocytes, we used Sost-Cre mice to generate mice with Piezo1 deletion exclusively in mature osteocytes. These mice exhibited lower bone mineral density, decreased cancellous bone mass, and reduced cortical thickness with decrease periosteal expansion. However, unlike mice lacking Piezo1 in both osteoblasts and osteocytes, those with Piezo1 deletion in mature osteocytes responded normally to mechanical loading. These findings suggest that Piezo1 expression in mature osteocytes contributes to bone maintenance under normal physiological condition, but is dispensable for the skeletal response to mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Connie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Cameron E Vail
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - John T Sherrill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jinhu Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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2
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Calsa B, Menezes LDS, Neves JG, Gontijo JAR, Santamaria-Jr M, Boer PA. Mandible development under gestational protein restriction: cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Mol Histol 2024; 55:937-953. [PMID: 39105943 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient evidence regarding how maternal undernutrition affects craniofacial bone development persists. With its unique focus on the impact of gestational protein restriction on calvaria and mandible osteogenesis, this study aims to fill, at least in part, this gap. Female mice were mated and randomized into NP (normal protein) or LP (low protein) groups. On the 18th gestational day (GD), male embryos were collected and submitted to microtomography (µCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), PCR, and autophagy dynamic analyses. The study shows that the LP offspring exhibited lower body mass than the NP group, with µCT analysis revealing no volumetric differences in fetus's head. EDS analysis showed lower calcium and higher phosphorus percentages in mandibles and calvaria. SEM assessment evidenced higher hydroxyapatite crystal-like (HC) deposition on the calvaria surface in LP fetus. Conversely, lower HC deposition was observed on the mandible surface, suggesting delayed matrix mineralization in LP fetuses with a higher percentage of collagen fibers in the mandible bone. The autophagy process was reduced in the mesenchyme of LP fetuses. PCR array analysis of 84 genes revealed 27 genes with differential expression in the LP progeny-moreover, increased mRNA levels of Akt1, Mtor, Nfkb, and Smad1 in the LP offspring. In conclusion, the results suggest that gestational protein restriction anticipated bone differentiation in utero, before 18GD, where this process is reduced compared to the control, leading to the reduction in bone area at 15 postnatal day previously observed. These findings provide insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of mandible development and suggest potential implications for the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Calsa
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luan Dos Santos Menezes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Neves
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antônio Rocha Gontijo
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Santamaria-Jr
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Science and Technology, College of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, São Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Aline Boer
- Fetal Programming and Hydroelectrolyte Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, FCM, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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James A, Hendrixson J, Kadhim I, Marques-Carvalho A, Laster J, Crawford J, Thostenson J, Sato A, Almeida M, Onal M. CRISPR activation of Tfeb , a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, in osteoblast lineage cells increases bone mass and strength. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.26.615175. [PMID: 39386619 PMCID: PMC11463346 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.26.615175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a recycling pathway in which damaged or dysfunctional proteins, protein aggregates, and organelles are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Insufficiency of autophagy is thought to contribute to several age-related diseases including osteoporosis. Consistent with this, elimination of autophagy from the osteoblast lineage reduces bone formation and causes low bone mass. However, whether increasing autophagy would benefit bone health is unknown. Here, we increased expression of the endogenous Transcription Factor EB gene ( Tfeb ) in osteoblast lineage cells in vivo via CRISPR activation. Tfeb overexpression stimulated autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in osteoblasts. Tfeb overexpressing male mice displayed a robust increase in femoral and vertebral cortical thickness at 4.5 months of age. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the increase in femoral cortical thickness was due to increased bone formation at the periosteal surface. Tfeb overexpression also increased femoral trabecular bone volume. Consistent with these results, bone strength was increased in Tfeb overexpressing mice. Female Tfeb overexpressing mice also displayed a progressive increase in bone mass over time and at 12 months of age had high cortical thickness and trabecular bone volume. This increase in vertebral trabecular bone volume was due to elevated bone formation. Osteoblastic cultures showed that Tfeb overexpression increased proliferation and osteoblast formation. Overall, these results demonstrate that stimulation of autophagy in osteoblast lineage cells promotes bone formation and strength and may represent an effective approach to combat osteoporosis.
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Xu Y, Yang Z, Wang T, Hu L, Jiao S, Zhou J, Dai T, Feng Z, Li S, Meng Q. From molecular subgroups to molecular targeted therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: A bioinformatics approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35774. [PMID: 39220908 PMCID: PMC11365346 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
1Background Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with multiple unidentified pathogenic factors. The inconsistency between molecular subgroups poses challenges for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. In this study, we aimed to accurately distinguish RA patients at the transcriptome level using bioinformatics methods. 2Methods We collected a total of 362 transcriptome datasets from RA patients in three independent samples from the GEO database. Consensus clustering was performed to identify molecular subgroups, and clinical features were assessed. Differential analysis was employed to annotate the biological functions of specifically upregulated genes between subgroups. 3Results Based on consensus clustering of RA samples, we identified three robust molecular subgroups, with Subgroup III representing the high-risk subgroup and Subgroup II exhibiting a milder phenotype, possibly associated with relatively higher levels of autophagic ability. Subgroup I showed biological functions mainly related to viral infections, cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and inflammatory responses. Subgroup II involved autophagy of mitochondria and organelles, protein localization, and organelle disassembly pathways, suggesting heterogeneity in the autophagy process of mitochondria that may play a protective role in inflammatory diseases. Subgroup III represented a high-risk subgroup with pathological processes including abnormal amyloid precursor protein activation, promotion of inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. 4Conclusion The classification of the RA dataset revealed pathological heterogeneity among different subgroups, providing new insights and a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of RA, identifying potential therapeutic targets, and developing personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Xu
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Xuzhou New Health Hospital, North Hospital of Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tengyan Wang
- Guizhou Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Liqiong Hu
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Songsong Jiao
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiangfei Zhou
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tianming Dai
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhencheng Feng
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siming Li
- Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinqqi Meng
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Luo Z, Wei W, Qiu D, Su Z, Liu L, Zhou H, Cui H, Yang L. Rejuvenation of BMSCs senescence by pharmacological enhancement of TFEB-mediated autophagy alleviates aged-related bone loss and extends lifespan in middle aged mice. Bone Res 2024; 12:45. [PMID: 39164234 PMCID: PMC11336217 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal/stem cells (BMSCs) are generally considered as common progenitors for both osteoblasts and adipocytes in the bone marrow, but show preferential differentiation into adipocytes rather than osteoblasts under aging, thus leading to senile osteoporosis. Accumulated evidences indicate that rejuvenation of BMSCs by autophagic enhancement delays bone aging. Here we synthetized and demonstrated a novel autophagy activator, CXM102 that could induce autophagy in aged BMSCs, resulting in rejuvenation and preferential differentiation into osteoblasts of BMSCs. Furthermore, CXM102 significantly stimulated bone anabolism, reduced marrow adipocytes, and delayed bone loss in middle-age male mice. Mechanistically, CXM102 promoted transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation and favored osteoblasts formation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, CXM102 decreased serum levels of inflammation and reduced organ fibrosis, leading to a prolonger lifespan in male mice. Our results indicated that CXM102 could be used as an autophagy inducer to rejuvenate BMSCs and shed new lights on strategies for senile osteoporosis and healthyspan improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Luo
- College of Orthopedics, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China.
| | - Wanyi Wei
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Dawei Qiu
- Department of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Zixia Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Liangpu Liu
- College of Orthopedics, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Honghai Zhou
- College of Orthopedics, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
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Zhu M, Zeiss C, Hamrick MW, Weinstein RS, Sun BH, Brotto M, Liu X, Siu E, Huttner A, Tommasini S, Simpson C, Insogna K. Mitofusin 2 plays a critical role in maintaining the functional integrity of the neuromuscular-skeletal axis. Bone 2024; 184:117086. [PMID: 38552893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is one of two mitofusins involved in regulating mitochondrial size, shape and function, including mitophagy, an important cellular mechanism to limit oxidative stress. Reduced expression of Mfn2 has been associated with impaired osteoblast differentiation and function and a reduction in the number of viable osteocytes in bone. We hypothesized that the genetic absence of Mfn2 in these cells would increase their susceptibility to aging-associated metabolic stress, leading to a progressive impairment in skeletal homeostasis over time. METHODS Mfn2 was selectively deleted in vivo at three different stages of osteoblast lineage commitment by crossing mice in which the Mfn2 gene was floxed with transgenic mice expressing Cre under the control of the promoter for Osterix (OSX), collagen1a1, or DMP1 (Dentin Matrix Acidic Phosphoprotein 1). RESULTS Mice in which Mfn2 was deleted using DMP1-cre demonstrated a progressive and dramatic decline in bone mineral density (BMD) beginning at 10 weeks of age (n = 5 for each sex and each genotype from age 10 to 20 weeks). By 15 weeks, there was evidence for a functional decline in muscle performance as assessed using a rotarod apparatus (n = 3; 2 males/ 1 female for each genotype), accompanied by a decline in lean body mass. A marked reduction in trabecular bone mass was evident on bone histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing at 25 weeks (k/o: 2 male/1 female, control 2 male/2 female) revealed severely impaired femur strength. Extensive regional myofiber atrophy and degeneration was observed on skeletal muscle histology. Electron microscopy showed progressive disruption of cellular architecture, with disorganized sarcomeres and a bloated mitochondrial reticulum. There was also evidence of neurodegeneration within the ventral horn and roots of the lumbar spinal cord, which was accompanied by myelin loss and myofiber atrophy. Deletion of Mfn2 using OSX-cre or Col1a1-cre did not result in a musculoskeletal phenotype. Where possible, male and female animals were analyzed separately, but small numbers of animals in each group limited statistical power. For other outcomes, where sex was not considered, small sample sizes might still limit the strength of the observation. CONCLUSION Despite known functional overlap of Mfn1 and Mfn2 in some tissues, and their co-expression in bone, muscle and spinal cord, deletion of Mfn2 using the 8 kB DMP1 promoter uncovered an important non-redundant role for Mfn2 in maintaining the neuromuscular/bone axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhu
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Comparative Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert S Weinstein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ben-Hua Sun
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Xinran Liu
- Yale School of Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edwin Siu
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anita Huttner
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven Tommasini
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christine Simpson
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karl Insogna
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Lei LM, Li FXZ, Lin X, Xu F, Shan SK, Guo B, Zheng MH, Tang KX, Wang Y, Xu QS, Ouyang WL, Duan JY, Wu YY, Cao YC, Zhou ZA, He SY, Wu YL, Chen X, Lin ZJ, Pan Y, Yuan LQ, Li ZH. Cold exposure-induced plasma exosomes impair bone mass by inhibiting autophagy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:361. [PMID: 38910236 PMCID: PMC11194967 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, environmental temperature has been shown to regulate bone homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which cold exposure affects bone mass remain unclear. In our present study, we observed that exposure to cold temperature (CT) decreased bone mass and quality in mice. Furthermore, a transplant of exosomes derived from the plasma of mice exposed to cold temperature (CT-EXO) can also impair the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and decrease bone mass by inhibiting autophagic activity. Rapamycin, a potent inducer of autophagy, can reverse cold exposure or CT-EXO-induced bone loss. Microarray sequencing revealed that cold exposure increases the miR-25-3p level in CT-EXO. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-25-3p can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation and autophagic activity of BMSCs. It is shown that inhibition of exosomes release or downregulation of miR-25-3p level can suppress CT-induced bone loss. This study identifies that CT-EXO mediates CT-induced osteoporotic effects through miR-25-3p by inhibiting autophagy via targeting SATB2, presenting a novel mechanism underlying the effect of cold temperature on bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Lu Ouyang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yue Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye-Chi Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Ang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si-Yang He
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Lin Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 374 The Dianmian Avenue, Wuhua, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Liu W, Li Y, An Y, Zhao R, Wei C, Ren X, He H. Yunnan Baiyao Might Mitigate Periodontitis Bone Destruction by Inhibiting Autophagy and Promoting Osteoblast Differentiation in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2271-2284. [PMID: 38645877 PMCID: PMC11027930 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s454694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that eventually destroys tooth-supporting tissue. Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY), a traditional Chinese medicine compound with haemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties has shown therapeutic potential in several diseases. Our previous study revealed that YNBY suppressed osteoclast differentiation in periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of YNBY on osteoblasts and explore its potential mechanisms. Materials and Methods A rat periodontitis model was established by ligation of maxillary second molars. After the end of modelling, histopathological observation by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson trichrome staining, detection of bone resorption by Micro-CT scanning, detection of osteoclasts by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) by immunohistochemistry. Lipopolysaccharides was used to irritate MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and ex vivo calvarial organ as an in vitro model of inflammation. CCK-8 assay was performed to examine the toxicity of YNBY to MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Osteogenesis was assessed with alizarin red staining, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Transmission electron microscopy, fluorescent double staining, Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were employed to detect autophagy. Results Histological and micro-CT analyses revealed that YNBY gavage reduced bone loss caused by experimental periodontitis and upregulated osteogenic proteins in vivo. YNBY attenuated the production of autophagy-related proteins in periodontitis rats. Additionally, YNBY promoted osteogenesis by inhibiting inflammation-induced autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, YNBY suppressed LPS-mediated bone resorption and promoted the production of osteoblast-related proteins in inflamed calvarial tissues ex vivo. Conclusion This study demonstrated, through in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo experiments, that YNBY promoted osteoblast differentiation by suppressing autophagy, which markedly alleviated bone destruction caused by periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbing He
- Department of Periodontology, Kunming Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming, 650106, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Ryan PJ, Uranga S, Stanelle ST, Lewis MH, O'Reilly CL, Cardin JM, Deaver JW, Morton AB, Fluckey JD. The autophagy inhibitor NSC185058 suppresses mTORC1-mediated protein anabolism in cultured skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8094. [PMID: 38582781 PMCID: PMC10998866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and specifically the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is the central regulator of anabolism in skeletal muscle. Among the many functions of this kinase complex is the inhibition of the catabolic process of autophagy; however, less work has been done in investigating the role of autophagy in regulating mTORC1 signaling. Using an in vitro model to better understand the pathways involved, we activated mTORC1 by several different means (growth factors, leucine supplementation, or muscle contraction), alone or with the autophagy inhibitor NSC185058. We found that inhibiting autophagy with NSC185058 suppresses mTORC1 activity, preventing any increase in cellular protein anabolism. These decrements were the direct result of action on the mTORC1 kinase, which we demonstrate, for the first time, cannot function when autophagy is inhibited by NSC185058. Our results indicate that, far from being a matter of unidirectional action, the relationship between mTORC1 and the autophagic cascade is more nuanced, with autophagy serving as an mTORC1 input, and mTORC1 inhibition of autophagy as a form of homeostatic feedback to regulate anabolic signaling. Future studies of cellular metabolism will have to consider this fundamental intertwining of protein anabolism and catabolism, and how it ultimately serves to regulate muscle proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Ryan
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, Gilchrist Building, 2929 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | - Selina Uranga
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, Gilchrist Building, 2929 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | - Sean T Stanelle
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, Gilchrist Building, 2929 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | - Megan H Lewis
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, Gilchrist Building, 2929 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | - Colleen L O'Reilly
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, Gilchrist Building, 2929 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | - Jessica M Cardin
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, Gilchrist Building, 2929 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | - J William Deaver
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, Gilchrist Building, 2929 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | - Aaron B Morton
- Soft Tissue Regeneration and Applied Biomaterials Laboratory, Texas A&M University, Gilchrist Building, 2929 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | - James D Fluckey
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, Gilchrist Building, 2929 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA.
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10
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Bi J, Zhang C, Lu C, Mo C, Zeng J, Yao M, Jia B, Liu Z, Yuan P, Xu S. Age-related bone diseases: Role of inflammaging. J Autoimmun 2024; 143:103169. [PMID: 38340675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone aging is characterized by an imbalance in the physiological and pathological processes of osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis, resulting in exacerbated bone loss and the development of age-related bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Inflammaging, a novel concept in the field of aging research, pertains to the persistent and gradual escalation of pro-inflammatory reactions during the aging process. This phenomenon is distinguished by its low intensity, systemic nature, absence of symptoms, and potential for management. The mechanisms by which inflammaging contribute to age-related chronic diseases, particularly in the context of age-related bone diseases, remain unclear. The precise manner in which systemic inflammation induces bone aging and consequently contributes to the development of age-related bone diseases has yet to be fully elucidated. This article primarily examines the mechanisms underlying inflammaging and its association with age-related bone diseases, to elucidate the potential mechanisms of inflammaging in age-related bone diseases and offer insights for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies for such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caimei Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caihong Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyan Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Endocrinology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Nie J, Ma S, Zhang Y, Yu S, Yang J, Li A, Pei D. COPI Vesicle Disruption Inhibits Mineralization via mTORC1-Mediated Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:339. [PMID: 38203512 PMCID: PMC10779376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone mineralization is a sophisticated regulated process composed of crystalline calcium phosphate and collagen fibril. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved degradation system, whereby double-membrane vesicles deliver intracellular macromolecules and organelles to lysosomes for degradation, has recently been shown to play an essential role in mineralization. However, the formation of autophagosomes in mineralization remains to be determined. Here, we show that Coat Protein Complex I (COPI), responsible for Golgi-to-ER transport, plays a pivotal role in autophagosome formation in mineralization. COPI vesicles were increased after osteoinduction, and COPI vesicle disruption impaired osteogenesis. Mechanistically, COPI regulates autophagy activity via the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, a key regulator of autophagy. Inhibition of mTOR1 rescues the impaired osteogenesis by activating autophagy. Collectively, our study highlights the functional importance of COPI in mineralization and identifies COPI as a potential therapeutic target for treating bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China
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12
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Yan B, Li Z, Su H, Xue H, Qiu D, Xu Z, Tan G. Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy-related ncRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178310. [PMID: 38146458 PMCID: PMC10749346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolic diseases have been tormented and are plaguing people worldwide due to the lack of effective and thorough medical interventions and the poor understanding of their pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are heterogeneous transcripts that cannot encode the proteins but can affect the expressions of other genes. Autophagy is a fundamental mechanism for keeping cell viability, recycling cellular contents through the lysosomal pathway, and maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment. There is growing evidence that ncRNAs, autophagy, and crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy play complex roles in progression of metabolic bone disease. This review investigated the complex mechanisms by which ncRNAs, mainly micro RNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), regulate autophagic pathway to assist in treating bone metabolism disorders. It aimed at identifying the autophagy role in bone metabolism disorders and understanding the role, potential, and challenges of crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy for bone metabolism disorders treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Yan
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Su
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Daodi Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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13
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Zhang L, Guan Q, Wang Z, Feng J, Zou J, Gao B. Consequences of Aging on Bone. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1115. [PMID: 38029404 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the global population, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases has been increasing, seriously affecting people's health. As people age, the microenvironment within skeleton favors bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, accompanied by bone marrow fat accumulation and multiple cellular senescence. Specifically, skeletal stem/stromal cells (SSCs) during aging tend to undergo adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis. Meanwhile, osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes, showed increased apoptosis, decreased quantity, and multiple functional limitations including impaired mechanical sensing, intercellular modulation, and exosome secretion. Also, the bone resorption function of macrophage-lineage cells (including osteoclasts and preosteoclasts) was significantly enhanced, as well as impaired vascularization and innervation. In this study, we systematically reviewed the effect of aging on bone and the within microenvironment (including skeletal cells as well as their intracellular structure variations, vascular structures, innervation, marrow fat distribution, and lymphatic system) caused by aging, and mechanisms of osteoimmune regulation of the bone environment in the aging state, and the causal relationship with multiple musculoskeletal diseases in addition with their potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Guan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Riegger J, Schoppa A, Ruths L, Haffner-Luntzer M, Ignatius A. Oxidative stress as a key modulator of cell fate decision in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: a narrative review. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:76. [PMID: 37777764 PMCID: PMC10541721 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging and after traumatic injuries, cartilage and bone cells are exposed to various pathophysiologic mediators, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), damage-associated molecular patterns, and proinflammatory cytokines. This detrimental environment triggers cellular stress and subsequent dysfunction, which not only contributes to the development of associated diseases, that is, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, but also impairs regenerative processes. To counter ROS-mediated stress and reduce the overall tissue damage, cells possess diverse defense mechanisms. However, cellular antioxidative capacities are limited and thus ROS accumulation can lead to aberrant cell fate decisions, which have adverse effects on cartilage and bone homeostasis. In this narrative review, we address oxidative stress as a major driver of pathophysiologic processes in cartilage and bone, including senescence, misdirected differentiation, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired mitophagy by illustrating the consequences on tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Moreover, we elaborate cellular defense mechanisms, with a particular focus on oxidative stress response and mitophagy, and briefly discuss respective therapeutic strategies to improve cell and tissue protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Astrid Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leonie Ruths
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Gao L, Liu G, Wu X, Liu C, Wang Y, Ma M, Ma Y, Hao Z. Osteocytes autophagy mediated by mTORC2 activation controls osteoblasts differentiation and osteoclasts activities under mechanical loading. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 742:109634. [PMID: 37164247 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important mechanosensitive response for cellular homeostasis and survival in osteocytes. However, the mechanism and its effect on bone metabolism have not yet clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate how compressive cyclic force (CCF) induced autophagic response in osteocytes and to determine the effect of mechanically induced-autophagy on bone cells including osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Autophagic puncta observed in MLO-Y4 cells increased after exposure to CCF. The upregulated levels of the LC3-II isoform and the degradation of p62 further confirmed the increased autophagic flux. Additionally, ATP synthesis and release, osteocalcin (OCN) expression, and cell survival increased in osteocytes as well. The Murine osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were cultured in conditioned medium collected from MLO-Y4 cells subjected to CCF. The concentration of FGF23 increased and the concentrations of SOST and M-CSF and RANKL/OPG ratio decreased significantly in the conditioned medium. Moreover, the promotion of osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and function in RAW 264.7 cells were significantly attenuated when osteocytes autophagy was inhibited by siAtg7. Our findings suggested that CCF induced protective autophagy in osteocytes and subsequently enhanced osteocytes survival and osteoblasts differentiation and downregulated osteoclasts activities. Further study revealed that CCF induced autophagic response in osteocytes through mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) activation. In conclusion, CCF-induced osteocytes autophagy upon mTORC2 activation promoted osteocytes survival and osteogenic response and decreased osteoclastic function. Thus, osteocytes autophagy will provide a promising target for better understanding of bone physiology and treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Gen Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xiangnan Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Chuanzi Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yiqiao Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Meirui Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Zhichao Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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16
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Song R, He S, Cao Y, Lu Y, Peng Y, Zou H, Tong X, Ran D, Ma Y, Liu Z. Cadmium accelerates autophagy of osteocytes by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37148155 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can damage bone cells and cause osteoporosis. Osteocytes are the most numerous bone cells and also important target cells for Cd-induced osteotoxic damage. Autophagy plays important role in the progression of osteoporosis. However, osteocyte autophagy in Cd-induced bone injury is not well characterized. Thus, we established a Cd-induced bone injury model in BALB/c mice and a cellular damage model in MLO-Y4 cells. Aqueous Cd exposure for 16 months showed an increase in plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increase in urine calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in vivo. Moreover, expression level of autophagy-related microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 II (LC3II) and autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) proteins were induced, and the expression of sequestosome-1 (p62) was reduced, along with Cd-induced trabecular bone damage. In addition, Cd inhibited the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (AKT), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). In vitro, 80 μM Cd concentrations exposure upregulated LC3II protein expression, and downregulated of p62 protein expression. Similarly, we found that treatment with 80 μM Cd resulted in a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of mTOR, AKT, and PI3K. Further experiments revealed that addition of rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, enhanced autophagy and alleviated the Cd-induced damage to MLO-Y4 cells. The findings of our study reveal for the first time that Cd causes damage to both bone and osteocytes, as well as induces autophagy in osteocytes and inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which could be a protective mechanism against Cd-induced bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangling College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangjiang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwen Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Ran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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17
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Strontium Ranelate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB-Pathway-Dependent Autophagy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030365. [PMID: 36978756 PMCID: PMC10045081 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Strontium ranelate (SR) is a pharmaceutical agent used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and fragility fracture. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of SR on alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement and its underlying mechanism. Here, we investigated the influence of SR on orthodontic tooth movement and tooth resorption in Sprague–Dawley rats and the relationship between the nuclear factor–kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, autophagy, and osteoclastogenesis after the administration of SR in vitro and in vivo. In this study, it was found that SR reduced the expression of autophagy-related proteins at the pressure side of the first molars during orthodontic tooth movement. Similarly, the expression of these autophagy-related proteins and the size and number of autophagosomes were downregulated by SR in vitro. The results also showed that SR reduced the number of osteoclasts and suppressed orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, which could be partially restored using rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. Autophagy was attenuated after pre-osteoclasts were treated with Bay 11-7082, an NF-κB pathway inhibitor, while SR reduced the expression of the proteins central to the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, this study revealed that SR might suppress osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB-pathway-dependent autophagy, resulting in the inhibition of orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats, which might offer a new insight into the treatment of malocclusion and bone metabolic diseases.
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18
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Autophagy mediates osteoporotic bone regeneration induced by micro-/nano-structured modification on hydroxyapatite bioceramics. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
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19
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Tang C, Deng J, Xu R, Li J, Yin C, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Deng F. Micro/nano-modified titanium surfaces accelerate osseointegration via Rab7-dependent mitophagy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:666-677. [PMID: 36511190 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01528e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To achieve rapid and successful osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants, the underlying mechanisms of surface modification-mediated bone metabolism need to be clarified. Given that the microenvironment surrounding Ti implants may be altered after implant insertion, mitophagy as a key control system for cellular homeostasis is most likely to regulate osseointegration. Recent findings suggest that PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a key role in bone metabolism. Since the micro/nano-modified surfaces of Ti implants have been widely appreciated for osseointegration acceleration, we used two common micro/nano-modified techniques and demonstrated elevations of both the osteo-differentiation potential and Pink1/Parkin pathway of osteoblasts. Moreover, the Pink1/Parkin pathway exhibited an upward trend during osteoblast differentiation. However, when osteoblasts were treated with CCCP, a Pink1/Parkin inducer, the osteo-differentiation potential decreased. Our further study showed that the small GTPase Rab7, which was inhibited by CCCP, was essential for the Pink1/Parkin pathway. Upon Pink1 or Rab7 knockdown, the pro-osteogenic effect of micro/nano-modified Ti surfaces was significantly weakened. The present results demonstrated that Rab7 activation was essential for active mitophagy and osteogenesis. In addition, Rab7 was confirmed to mediate the process of autophagosome formation. Our findings provide novel insights into new targets for osseointegration promotion, regardless of Ti surface characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ruogu Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jingping Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Chengcheng Yin
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Feilong Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
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20
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Li Z, Li D, Chen R, Gao S, Xu Z, Li N. Cell death regulation: A new way for natural products to treat osteoporosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106635. [PMID: 36581167 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease that results from the imbalance of homeostasis within the bone. Intra-bone homeostasis is dependent on a precise dynamic balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by mesenchymal lineage osteoblasts, which comprises a series of complex and highly standardized steps. Programmed cell death (PCD) (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis) is a cell death process that involves a cascade of gene expression events with tight structures. These events play a certain role in regulating bone metabolism by determining the fate of bone cells. Moreover, existing research has suggested that natural products derived from a wide variety of dietary components and medicinal plants modulate the PCDs based on different mechanisms, which show great potential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, thus revealing the emergence of more acceptable complementary and alternative drugs with lower costs, fewer side effects and more long-term application. Accordingly, this review summarizes the common types of PCDs in the field of osteoporosis. Moreover, from the perspective of targeting PCDs, this review also discussed the roles of currently reported natural products in the treatment of osteoporosis and the involved mechanisms. Based on this, this review provides more insights into new molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis and provides a reference for developing more natural anti-osteoporosis drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Renchang Chen
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shang Gao
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Nianhu Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
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21
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Wang JS, Wein MN. Pathways Controlling Formation and Maintenance of the Osteocyte Dendrite Network. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:493-504. [PMID: 36087214 PMCID: PMC9718876 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in osteocyte dendrite formation, summarize the similarities between osteocytic and neuronal projections, and highlight the importance of osteocyte dendrite maintenance in human skeletal disease. RECENT FINDINGS It is suggested that there is a causal relationship between the loss of osteocyte dendrites and the increased osteocyte apoptosis during conditions including aging, microdamage, and skeletal disease. A few mechanisms are proposed to control dendrite formation and outgrowth, such as via the regulation of actin polymerization dynamics. This review addresses the impact of osteocyte dendrites in bone health and disease. Recent advances in multi-omics, in vivo and in vitro models, and microscopy-based imaging have provided novel approaches to reveal the underlying mechanisms that regulate dendrite development. Future therapeutic approaches are needed to target the process of osteocyte dendrite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang S Wang
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Xing L, Li Y, Li W, Liu R, Geng Y, Ma W, Qiao Y, Li J, Lv Y, Fang Y, Xu P. Expression of RUNX2/LAPTM5 in the Induction of MC3T3-e1 Mineralization and Its Possible Relationship with Autophagy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1223-1235. [PMID: 36121636 PMCID: PMC9679133 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to correlate osteogenesis with autophagy during the mineralization induction of MC3T3-e1 through exploring the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)/lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 5 (LAMPT5). METHODS The induction of mineralization in MC3T3-e1 was followed by detecting the expressions of osteogenesis-related indexes such as RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and LAPTM5 using RT-qPCR and Western blot from 0 to 14 days. Transmission electron microscope was utilised in visualizing the alterations of autophagosomes, which was followed by immunofluorescence detecting the subcellular localization of autophagy-related index sequestosome 1 (P62) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light 3 (LC3) protein and scrutinising the expression of P62 mRNA and P62 and LC3 proteins. RESULTS Induction of MC3T3-e1 mineralization demonstrated an increased expression of osteogenesis-related indicators such as RUNX2, ALP, OCN, and LAPTM5 (p < 0.05), as evident from the results of RT-qPCR and Western blot. Meanwhile, the expression of autophagosomes increased one day after mineralization induction and then experienced a gradual decline, and enhanced expression of LC3 protein was noted on days 1-2 of mineralization induction but was then followed by a corresponding reduce. In contrast, a continuous increase was reported in the expression of P62 mRNA and protein, respectively (p < 0.05). Up- and down-regulating RUNX2/LAPTM5 expression alone confirmed the aforementioned results. CONCLUSION It was therefore proposed that RUNX2 may be responsible for an early increase and then a gradual decrease in LAPTM5-mediated autophagy through the regulation of its high expression. Meanwhile, increased LAPTM5 expression in osteogenic mineralization presumed that RUNX2/LAPTM5 promoted autophagy and osteogenic expression, which may play a bridging role in the regulation of autophagy and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xing
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510150, China
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yuanming Geng
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqun Ma
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yingtao Lv
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Pingping Xu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Saul D, Khosla S. Fracture Healing in the Setting of Endocrine Diseases, Aging, and Cellular Senescence. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:984-1002. [PMID: 35182420 PMCID: PMC9695115 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
More than 2.1 million age-related fractures occur in the United States annually, resulting in an immense socioeconomic burden. Importantly, the age-related deterioration of bone structure is associated with impaired bone healing. Fracture healing is a dynamic process which can be divided into four stages. While the initial hematoma generates an inflammatory environment in which mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages orchestrate the framework for repair, angiogenesis and cartilage formation mark the second healing period. In the central region, endochondral ossification favors soft callus development while next to the fractured bony ends, intramembranous ossification directly forms woven bone. The third stage is characterized by removal and calcification of the endochondral cartilage. Finally, the chronic remodeling phase concludes the healing process. Impaired fracture healing due to aging is related to detrimental changes at the cellular level. Macrophages, osteocytes, and chondrocytes express markers of senescence, leading to reduced self-renewal and proliferative capacity. A prolonged phase of "inflammaging" results in an extended remodeling phase, characterized by a senescent microenvironment and deteriorating healing capacity. Although there is evidence that in the setting of injury, at least in some tissues, senescent cells may play a beneficial role in facilitating tissue repair, recent data demonstrate that clearing senescent cells enhances fracture repair. In this review, we summarize the physiological as well as pathological processes during fracture healing in endocrine disease and aging in order to establish a broad understanding of the biomechanical as well as molecular mechanisms involved in bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Saul
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.,Department of Trauma, Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery, Georg-August-University of Goettingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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24
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Li Z, Li D, Su H, Xue H, Tan G, Xu Z. Autophagy: An important target for natural products in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999017. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis depends on a precise dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation, involving a series of complex and highly regulated steps. Any imbalance in this process can cause disturbances in bone metabolism and lead to the development of many associated bone diseases. Autophagy, one of the fundamental pathways for the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles, is a fundamental process that regulates cellular and organismal homeostasis. Importantly, basic levels of autophagy are present in all types of bone-associated cells. Due to the cyclic nature of autophagy and the ongoing bone metabolism processes, autophagy is considered a new participant in bone maintenance. Novel therapeutic targets have emerged as a result of new mechanisms, and bone metabolism can be controlled by interfering with autophagy by focusing on certain regulatory molecules in autophagy. In parallel, several studies have reported that various natural products exhibit a good potential to mediate autophagy for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. Therefore, we briefly described the process of autophagy, emphasizing its function in different cell types involved in bone development and metabolism (including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts), and also summarized research advances in natural product-mediated autophagy for the treatment of metabolic bone disease caused by dysfunction of these cells (including osteoporosis, rheumatoid joints, osteoarthritis, fracture nonunion/delayed union). The objective of the study was to identify the function that autophagy serves in metabolic bone disease and the effects, potential, and challenges of natural products for the treatment of these diseases by targeting autophagy.
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25
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Su W, Lv C, Huang L, Zheng X, Yang S. Glucosamine delays the progression of osteoporosis in senile mice by promoting osteoblast autophagy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:75. [DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is one of the most prevalent diseases that afflict the elderly population, which characterized by decreased osteogenic ability. Glucosamine (GlcN) is an over-the-counter dietary supplement. Our previous study reported that GlcN promotes osteoblast proliferation by activating autophagy in vitro. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects and mechanisms of GlcN on senile osteoporosis and osteogenic differentiation in vivo.
Methods
Aging was induced by subcutaneous injection of d-Galactose (d-Gal), and treated with GlcN or vehicle. The anti-senile-osteoporosis effect of GlcN was explored by examining changes in micro-CT, serum indicators, body weight, protein and gene expression of aging and apoptosis. Additionally, the effects of GlcN on protein and gene expression of osteogenesis and autophagy were observed by inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3-MA).
Results
GlcN significantly improved bone mineral density (BMD) and bone micro-architecture, decreased skeletal senescence and apoptosis and increased osteogenesis in d-Gal induced osteoporotic mice. While all effect was reversed with 3-MA.
Conclusion
GlcN effectively delayed the progression of osteoporosis in senile osteoporotic mice by promoting osteoblast autophagy. This study suggested that GlcN may be a prospective candidate drug for the treatment of SOP.
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26
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Li X, Kordsmeier J, Nookaew I, Kim HN, Xiong J. Piezo1 stimulates mitochondrial function via cAMP signaling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22519. [PMID: 36052712 PMCID: PMC10167693 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200300r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical signals stimulate mitochondrial function but the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we show that the mechanically sensitive ion channel Piezo1 plays a critical role in mitochondrial adaptation to mechanical stimulation. The activation of Piezo1 induced mitochondrial calcium uptake and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In contrast, loss of Piezo1 reduced the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in calvarial cells and these changes were associated with increased expression of the phosphodiesterases Pde4a and lower cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. In addition, Piezo1 increased cAMP production and the activation of a cAMP-responsive transcriptional reporter. Consistent with this, cAMP was sufficient to increase mitochondrial OCR and the inhibition of phosphodiesterases augmented the increase in OCR induced by Piezo1. Moreover, the inhibition of cAMP production or activity of protein kinase A, a kinase activated by cAMP, prevented the increase in OCR induced by Piezo1. These results demonstrate that cAMP signaling contributes to the increase in mitochondrial OXPHOS induced by activation of Piezo1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jacob Kordsmeier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jinhu Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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27
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Zhang L, Zheng YL, Wang R, Wang XQ, Zhang H. Exercise for osteoporosis: A literature review of pathology and mechanism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005665. [PMID: 36164342 PMCID: PMC9509020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease that weakens bones and has a high morbidity rate worldwide, which is prevalent among the elderly, particularly, women of postmenopausal age. The dynamic balance between bone formation and resorption is necessary for normal bone metabolism. Many factors, including aging, estrogen deficiency, and prolonged immobilization, disrupt normal apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation, leading to abnormal activation of osteoclasts, which gradually overwhelm bone formation by bone resorption. Moderate exercise as an effective non-drug treatment helps increase bone formation and helps relieve OP. The possible mechanisms are that exercise affects apoptosis and autophagy through the release of exercise-stimulated myohormone and the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines via mechanical force. In addition, exercise may also have an impact on the epigenetic processes involved in bone metabolism. Mechanical stimulation promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to osteogenic differentiation by altering the expression of non-coding RNAs. Besides, by reducing DNA methylation, the mechanical stimulus can also alter the epigenetic status of osteogenic genes and show associated increased expression. In this review, we reviewed the possible pathological mechanisms of OP and summarized the effects of exercise on bone metabolism, and the mechanisms by which exercise alleviates the progression of OP, to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Qiang Wang, ; Hao Zhang,
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Qiang Wang, ; Hao Zhang,
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28
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Rai R, Singh KB, Khanka S, Maurya R, Singh D. Cladrin alleviates dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of osteoblasts and promotes bone formation through autophagy induction via AMPK/mTOR signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:339-350. [PMID: 35998794 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a common clinical consequence that arises due to the extensive usage of glucocorticoids. Cladrin (Clad), a methoxylated isoflavone has been reported to have a bone protecting effect by enhancing osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, its consequences on GIOP are not reported yet. This study investigates whether Clad protects against the deleterious effects of Dexamethasone (Dex) on osteoblast and bone. Mice calvarial osteoblasts were treated with Clad and then exposed to Dex to study the effect on osteoblast differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Further, GIOP mice were treated with Clad (5 and 10 mg/kg) doses along with reference standard alendronate (ALN 3 mg/kg) for evaluation of bone protecting effect of Clad. We analyzed bone and vertebral microarchitecture, mechanical strength, and biochemical parameters. We observed that Clad at 10 nM concentration mitigated Dex-induced cytotoxicity and defend osteoblasts against apoptosis. Subsequent results demonstrate that Clad suppressed apoptosis of osteoblast in the presence of Dex by enhancing autophagy in a way that was reliant on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Furthermore, micro-CT scanning, eco MRI results, and serum CTX levels revealed that 12 weeks of Clad treatment prevented bone loss and preserved trabecular bone mass in GIOP animals. We also observed that Clad treated osteoblasts had a lower rate of apoptosis and a greater LC3-II/LC3-I ratio than the Dex group. Our findings show that Clad can protect osteoblasts against glucocorticoids by inducing autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rai
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Krishna Bhan Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Sonu Khanka
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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29
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Luo Y, Gou H, Chen X, Li L, Wang X, Xu Y. Lactate inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells via autophagy through the MCT1-mTOR signaling pathway. Bone 2022; 162:116444. [PMID: 35589065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play a crucial role in periodontal bone regeneration. Lactate used to be considered a waste product of glucose metabolism. In recent years, a few pieces of evidence revealed its roles in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, but the standpoints were controversial. This study aims to investigate the effects and the mechanisms of lactate on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS The hPDLSCs were treated with different concentrations of lactic acid and lactate to differentiate the effects of the acidic PH and ion lactate. Proliferation and cytotoxicity were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and Live/Dead assay. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was analyzed by alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and then osteogenic proteins and genes were measured by western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). To investigate the potential signaling pathways, MCT1 inhibitor, G-protein inhibitors, and rapamycin were used, and then autophagy-related proteins and osteogenic proteins were measured by western blot. RESULTS The inhibition of lactic acid on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was more significant than lactate at the same concentration. Lactate inhibited the expression of ALP which can be rescued by Gα inhibitor. Alizarin red staining, the protein expression levels of osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPN), osterix (OSX), and beclin1, LC3-II/LC3-I were decreased by lactate and partly rescued by MCT1 inhibitor. Rapamycin restored the protein expression levels of beclin1, LC3-II/LC3-I and OCN, OPN, OSX under the high lactate conditions. CONCLUSIONS Lactate inhibits the expression of ALP via Gα subunit signaling, and inhibits mineralized nodules formation and the expression of osteogenic-related proteins via reducing autophagy through the MCT1-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Gou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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30
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He M, Lei H, He X, Liu Y, Wang A, Ren Z, Liu X, Yan G, Wang W, Wang Y, Li G, Wang T, Pu J, Shen Z, Wang Y, Xie J, Du W, Yuan Y, Yang L. METTL14 Regulates Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Inducing Autophagy Through m6A/IGF2BPs/Beclin-1 Signal Axis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:987-1001. [PMID: 35980318 PMCID: PMC9492283 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of osteoporosis is often accompanied by autophagy disturbance, which also causes new osteoblast defects from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) is the main enzyme for N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in mammalian mRNAs, and it has been implicated in many bioprocesses. Herein, we demonstrate that METTL14 plays a critical role in autophagy induction and hinders osteoporosis process whose expression is decreased both in human osteoporosis bone tissue and ovariectomy (OVX) mice. In vivo, METTL14+/− knockdown mice exhibit elevated bone loss and impaired autophagy similar to the OVX mice, while overexpression of METTL14 significantly promotes bone formation and inhibits the progression of osteoporosis caused by OVX surgery. In vitro, METTL14 overexpression significantly enhances the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs through regulating the expression of beclin-1 depending on m6A modification and inducing autophagy; the opposite is true with METTL14 silencing. Subsequently, m6A-binding proteins IGF2BP1/2/3 recognize m6A-methylated beclin-1 mRNA and promote its translation via mediating RNA stabilization. Furthermore, METTL14 negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation. Collectively, our study reveals the METTL14/IGF2BPs/beclin-1 signal axis in BMSCs osteogenic differentiation and highlights the critical roles of METTL14-mediated m6A modification in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Gege Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Pu
- Department of Pharmacy (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Shen
- Department of Pharmacy (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanquan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Xie
- Department of Pharmacy (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Du
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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31
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Autophagy Is Possibly Involved in Osteoblast Responses to Mechanical Loadings. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3611-3620. [PMID: 36005143 PMCID: PMC9406517 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mechanical loading and autophagy play important roles in regulating bone growth and remodeling, but the relationship between the two remains unclear. In this study, we examined bone structure with micro-CT imaging and measured bone mechanical properties with three-point bending experiments using bones from wild-type (WT) mice and conditional knockout (cKO) mice with Atg7 deletion in their osteoblasts. We found that the knockout mice had significantly less bone volume, bone thickness, bone ultimate breaking force, and bone stiffness compared to wild-type mice. Additionally, bone marrow cells from knockout mice had reduced differentiation and mineralization capacities in terms of alkaline phosphatase and calcium secretion, as well as Runx2 and osteopontin expression. Knockout mice also had significantly less relative bone formation rate due to mechanical loading. Furthermore, we found that the osteoblasts from wild-type mice had stronger responses to mechanical stimulation compared to autophagy-deficient osteoblasts from knockout mice. When inhibiting autophagy with 3 MA in wild-type osteoblasts, we found similar results as we did in autophagy-deficient osteoblasts. We also found that mechanical loading-induced ATP release is able to regulate ERK1/2, Runx2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin activities. These results suggest that the ATP pathway may play an important role in the possible involvement of autophagy in osteoblast mechanobiology.
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32
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Sfeir JG, Drake MT, Khosla S, Farr JN. Skeletal Aging. Mayo Clin Proc 2022; 97:1194-1208. [PMID: 35662432 PMCID: PMC9179169 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents the single greatest risk factor for chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, a skeletal fragility syndrome that increases fracture risk. Optimizing bone strength throughout life reduces fracture risk. Factors critical for bone strength include nutrition, physical activity, and vitamin D status, whereas unhealthy lifestyles, illnesses, and certain medications (eg, glucocorticoids) are detrimental. Hormonal status is another important determinant of skeletal health, with sex steroid concentrations, particularly estrogen, having major effects on bone remodeling. Aging exacerbates bone loss in both sexes and results in imbalanced bone resorption relative to formation; it is associated with increased marrow adiposity, osteoblast/osteocyte apoptosis, and accumulation of senescent cells. The mechanisms underlying skeletal aging are as diverse as the factors that determine the strength (and thus fragility) of bone. This review updates our current understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of osteoporosis and provides an overview of the underlying hallmark mechanisms that drive skeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad G Sfeir
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Matthew T Drake
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joshua N Farr
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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33
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Little-Letsinger SE, Rubin J, Diekman B, Rubin CT, McGrath C, Pagnotti GM, Klett EL, Styner M. Exercise to Mend Aged-tissue Crosstalk in Bone Targeting Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 123:22-35. [PMID: 34489173 PMCID: PMC8840966 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging induces alterations in bone structure and strength through a multitude of processes, exacerbating common aging- related diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Cellular hallmarks of aging are examined, as related to bone and the marrow microenvironment, and ways in which these might contribute to a variety of age-related perturbations in osteoblasts, osteocytes, marrow adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoclasts, and their respective progenitors. Cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic and intracellular communication changes are central pathways and recognized as associated and potentially causal in aging. We focus on these in musculoskeletal system and highlight knowledge gaps in the literature regarding cellular and tissue crosstalk in bone, cartilage, and the bone marrow niche. While senolytics have been utilized to target aging pathways, here we propose non-pharmacologic, exercise-based interventions as prospective "senolytics" against aging effects on the skeleton. Increased bone mass and delayed onset or progression of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are some of the recognized benefits of regular exercise across the lifespan. Further investigation is needed to delineate how cellular indicators of aging manifest in bone and the marrow niche and how altered cellular and tissue crosstalk impact disease progression, as well as consideration of exercise as a therapeutic modality, as a means to enhance discovery of bone-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- SE Little-Letsinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - J Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - B Diekman
- Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Joint Departments of Biomedical Engineering NC State & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - CT Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook
| | - C McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - GM Pagnotti
- Dept of Endocrine, Neoplasia, and Hormonal Disorders, University Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - EL Klett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - M Styner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,North Carolina Diabetes Research Center (NCDRC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,Department of Medicine, Thurston Arthritis Research Center (TARC), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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34
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Akel N, MacLeod RS, Berryhill SB, Laster DJ, Dimori M, Crawford JA, Fu Q, Onal M. Loss of chaperone-mediated autophagy is associated with low vertebral cancellous bone mass. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3134. [PMID: 35210514 PMCID: PMC8873216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a protein degradation pathway that eliminates soluble cytoplasmic proteins that are damaged, incorrectly folded, or targeted for selective proteome remodeling. However, the role of CMA in skeletal homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is unknown. To address the role of CMA for skeletal homeostasis, we deleted an essential component of the CMA process, namely Lamp2a, from the mouse genome. CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing led to the deletion of both Lamp2a and Lamp2c, another Lamp2 isoform, producing Lamp2AC global knockout (L2ACgKO) mice. At 5 weeks of age female L2ACgKO mice had lower vertebral cancellous bone mass compared to wild-type (WT) controls, whereas there was no difference between genotypes in male mice at this age. The low bone mass of L2ACgKO mice was associated with elevated RANKL expression and the osteoclast marker genes Trap and Cathepsin K. At 18 weeks of age, both male and female L2ACgKO mice had lower vertebral cancellous bone mass compared to WT controls. The low bone mass of L2ACgKO mice was associated with increased osteoclastogenesis and decreased mineral deposition in cultured cells. Consistent with these findings, specific knockdown of Lamp2a in an osteoblastic cell line increased RANKL expression and decreased mineral deposition. Moreover, similar to what has been observed in other cell types, macroautophagy and proteasomal degradation were upregulated in CMA-deficient osteoblasts in culture. Thus, an increase in other protein degradation pathways may partially compensate for the loss of CMA in osteoblasts. Taken together, our results suggest that CMA plays a role in vertebral cancellous bone mass accrual in young adult mice and that this may be due to an inhibitory role of CMA on osteoclastogenesis or a positive role of CMA in osteoblast formation or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Akel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ryan S MacLeod
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stuart B Berryhill
- Bone Biomechanics, Histology and Imaging Core (BHIC), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Dominique J Laster
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Milena Dimori
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Julie A Crawford
- Bone Biomechanics, Histology and Imaging Core (BHIC), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Genetic Models Core, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Melda Onal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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35
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Khosla S, Farr JN, Monroe DG. Cellular senescence and the skeleton: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154888. [PMID: 35104801 PMCID: PMC8803328 DOI: 10.1172/jci154888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a fundamental aging mechanism that is currently the focus of considerable interest as a pathway that could be targeted to ameliorate aging across multiple tissues, including the skeleton. There is now substantial evidence that senescent cells accumulate in the bone microenvironment with aging and that targeting these cells prevents age-related bone loss, at least in mice. Cellular senescence also plays important roles in mediating the skeletal fragility associated with diabetes mellitus, radiation, and chemotherapy. As such, there are ongoing efforts to develop "senolytic" drugs that kill senescent cells by targeting key survival mechanisms in these cells without affecting normal cells. Because senescent cells accumulate across tissues with aging, senolytics offer the attractive possibility of treating multiple age-related comorbidities simultaneously.
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36
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Xu H, Xia M, Sun L, Wang H, Zhang WB. Osteocytes Enhance Osteogenesis by Autophagy-Mediated FGF23 Secretion Under Mechanical Tension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:782736. [PMID: 35174158 PMCID: PMC8841855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.782736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli control cell behaviors that are crucial for bone tissue repair. Osteocytes sense extracellular mechanical stimuli then convert them into biochemical signals to harmonize bone remodeling. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Autophagy, which is an evolutionarily preserved process, that occurs at a basal level when stimulated by multiple environmental stresses. We postulated that mechanical stimulation upregulates osteocyte autophagy via AMPK-associated signaling, driving osteocyte-mediated osteogenesis. Using a murine model of orthodontic tooth movement, we show that osteocyte autophagy is triggered by mechanical tension, increasing the quantity of LC3B-positive osteocytes by 4-fold in the tension side. Both in vitro mechanical tension as well as the chemical autophagy agonist enhanced osteocyte Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion, which is an osteogenenic related cytokine, by 2-and 3-fold, respectively. Conditioned media collected from tensioned osteocytes enhanced osteoblast viability. These results indicate that mechanical tension drives autophagy-mediated FGF23 secretion from osteocytes and promotes osteogenesis. Our findings highlight a potential strategy for accelerating osteogenesis in orthodontic clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyue Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Bing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Bing Zhang,
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37
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Shoubridge AP, Fourrier C, Choo JM, Proud CG, Sargeant TJ, Rogers GB. Gut Microbiome Regulation of Autophagic Flux and Neurodegenerative Disease Risks. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:817433. [PMID: 35003048 PMCID: PMC8733410 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.817433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome-brain axis exerts considerable influence on the development and regulation of the central nervous system. Numerous pathways have been identified by which the gut microbiome communicates with the brain, falling largely into the two broad categories of neuronal innervation and immune-mediated mechanisms. We describe an additional route by which intestinal microbiology could mediate modifiable risk for neuropathology and neurodegeneration in particular. Autophagy, a ubiquitous cellular process involved in the prevention of cell damage and maintenance of effective cellular function, acts to clear and recycle cellular debris. In doing so, autophagy prevents the accumulation of toxic proteins and the development of neuroinflammation, both common features of dementia. Levels of autophagy are influenced by a range of extrinsic exposures, including nutrient deprivation, infection, and hypoxia. These relationships between exposures and rates of autophagy are likely to be mediated, as least in part, by the gut microbiome. For example, the suppression of histone acetylation by microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids appears to be a major contributor to upregulation of autophagic function. We discuss the potential contribution of the microbiome-autophagy axis to neurological health and examine the potential of exploiting this link to predict and prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Shoubridge
- Microbiome and Host Health, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Célia Fourrier
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- Microbiome and Host Health, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher G Proud
- Nutrition, Diabetes and Gut Health, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- Microbiome and Host Health, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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38
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Ramser A, Greene E, Alrubaye AA, Wideman R, Dridi S. Role of Autophagy Machinery Dysregulation in Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (BCO). Poult Sci 2022; 101:101750. [PMID: 35278754 PMCID: PMC8914211 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cell survival and homeostasis mechanism involving lysosomal degradation of cellular components and foreign bodies. It plays a role in bone homeostasis, skeletal diseases, and bacterial infections as both a cell-survival or cell-death pathway. This study sought to determine if autophagy played a role in bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO). BCO is a prominent cause of lameness in modern broilers and results from bacterial infection of mechanically stressed leg bone growth plates. The protein and gene expression of key autophagy machinery was analyzed in both normal and BCO-affected broilers using real-time qPCR and immunoblot, respectively. Gene expression showed a significant downregulation of key target signatures involved in every stage of autophagy in BCO-affected bone, such as ATG13, SQSTM1 (p62), ATG9B, ATG16L, ATG12, LC3C, and RAB7A. Additionally, protein expression for LC3 was also significantly lower in BCO. An in vitro study using human fetal osteoblast cells challenged with BCO isolate, Staphylococcus agnetis 908, showed a similar dysregulation of autophagy machinery along with a significant decrease in cell viability. When autophagy was inhibited via 3-methyladenine or chloroquine, comparable decreases in cell viability were seen along with dysregulation of autophagy machinery. Together, these results are the first to implicate autophagy machinery dysregulation in the pathology of BCO.
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39
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Leser JM, Harriot A, Buck HV, Ward CW, Stains JP. Aging, Osteo-Sarcopenia, and Musculoskeletal Mechano-Transduction. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:782848. [PMID: 36004321 PMCID: PMC9396756 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.782848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The decline in the mass and function of bone and muscle is an inevitable consequence of healthy aging with early onset and accelerated decline in those with chronic disease. Termed osteo-sarcopenia, this condition predisposes the decreased activity, falls, low-energy fractures, and increased risk of co-morbid disease that leads to musculoskeletal frailty. The biology of osteo-sarcopenia is most understood in the context of systemic neuro-endocrine and immune/inflammatory alterations that drive inflammation, oxidative stress, reduced autophagy, and cellular senescence in the bone and muscle. Here we integrate these concepts to our growing understanding of how bone and muscle senses, responds and adapts to mechanical load. We propose that age-related alterations in cytoskeletal mechanics alter load-sensing and mechano-transduction in bone osteocytes and muscle fibers which underscores osteo-sarcopenia. Lastly, we examine the evidence for exercise as an effective countermeasure to osteo-sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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40
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Aguirre JI, Castillo EJ, Kimmel DB. Biologic and pathologic aspects of osteocytes in the setting of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Bone 2021; 153:116168. [PMID: 34487892 PMCID: PMC8478908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a potentially severe, debilitating condition affecting patients with cancer and patients with osteoporosis who have been treated with powerful antiresorptives (pARs) or angiogenesis inhibitors (AgIs). Oral risk factors associated with the development of MRONJ include tooth extraction and inflammatory dental disease (e.g., periodontitis, periapical infection). In bone tissues, osteocytes play a bidirectional role in which they not only act as the "receiver" of systemic signals from blood vessels, such as hormones and drugs, or local signals from the mineralized matrix as it is deformed, but they also play a critical role as "transmitter" of signals to the cells that execute bone modeling and remodeling (osteoclasts, osteoblasts and lining cells). When the survival capacity of osteocytes is overwhelmed, they can die. Osteocyte death has been associated with several pathological conditions. Whereas the causes and mechanisms of osteocyte death have been studied in conditions like osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), few studies of the causes and mechanisms of osteocyte death have been done in MRONJ. The three forms of cell death that affect most of the different cells in the body (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis) have been recognized in osteocytes. Notably, necroptosis, a form of regulated cell death with "a necrotic cell death phenotype," has also been identified as a form of cell death in osteocytes under certain pathologic conditions. Improving the understanding of osteocyte death in MRONJ may be critical for preventing disease and developing treatment approaches. In this review, we intend to provide insight into the biology of osteocytes, cell death, in general, and osteocyte death, in particular, and discuss hypothetical mechanisms involved in osteocyte death associated with MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Aguirre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - E J Castillo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - D B Kimmel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida (UF), Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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41
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Liu ZZ, Hong CG, Hu WB, Chen ML, Duan R, Li HM, Yue T, Cao J, Wang ZX, Chen CY, Hu XK, Wu B, Liu HM, Tan YJ, Liu JH, Luo ZW, Zhang Y, Rao SS, Luo MJ, Yin H, Wang YY, Xia K, Xu L, Tang SY, Hu RG, Xie H. Autophagy receptor OPTN (optineurin) regulates mesenchymal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance during aging by clearing FABP3. Autophagy 2021. [PMID: 33143524 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.18392-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis (OP) is often concomitant with decreased autophagic activity. OPTN (optineurin), a macroautophagy/autophagy (hereinafter referred to as autophagy) receptor, is found to play a pivotal role in selective autophagy, coupling autophagy with bone metabolism. However, its role in osteogenesis is still mysterious. Herein, we identified Optn as a critical molecule of cell fate decision for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whose expression decreased in aged mice. Aged mice revealed osteoporotic bone loss, elevated senescence of MSCs, decreased osteogenesis, and enhanced adipogenesis, as well as optn-/ - mice. Importantly, restoring Optn by transplanting wild-type MSCs to optn-/ - mice or infecting optn-/ - mice with Optn-containing lentivirus rescued bone loss. The introduction of a loss-of-function mutant of OptnK193R failed to reestablish a bone-fat balance. We further identified FABP3 (fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart) as a novel selective autophagy substrate of OPTN. FABP3 promoted adipogenesis and inhibited osteogenesis of MSCs. Knockdown of FABP3 alleviated bone loss in optn-/ - mice and aged mice. Our study revealed that reduced OPTN expression during aging might lead to OP due to a lack of FABP3 degradation via selective autophagy. FABP3 accumulation impaired osteogenesis of MSCs, leading to the occurrence of OP. Thus, reactivating OPTN or inhibiting FABP3 would open a new avenue to treat senile OP.Abbreviations: ADIPOQ: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing; ALPL: alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney; BGLAP/OC/osteocalcin: bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein; BFR/BS: bone formation rate/bone surface; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CDKN2B/p15: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B; CEBPA: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha; COL1A1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; Ct. BV/TV: cortical bone volume fraction; Ct. Th: cortical thickness; Es. Pm: endocortical perimeter; FABP4/Ap2: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; H2AX: H2A.X variant histone; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAR: mineral apposition rate; MSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; NBR1: NBR1, autophagy cargo receptor; OP: osteoporosis; OPTN: optineurin; PDB: Paget disease of bone; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; Ps. Pm: periosteal perimeter; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; γH2AX: Phosphorylation of the Serine residue of H2AX; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RUNX2: runt related transcription factor 2; SA-GLB1: senescence-associated (SA)-GLB1 (galactosidase, beta 1); SP7/Osx/Osterix: Sp7 transcription factor 7; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 (human T cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 1; Tb. BV/TV: trabecular bone volume fraction; Tb. N: trabecular number; Tb. Sp: trabecular separation; Tb. Th: trabecular thickness; μCT: micro computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Gu Hong
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Bao Hu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Meng-Lu Chen
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong-Ke Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ben Wu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Ming Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Juan Tan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Luo
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institue of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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42
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Liu ZZ, Hong CG, Hu WB, Chen ML, Duan R, Li HM, Yue T, Cao J, Wang ZX, Chen CY, Hu XK, Wu B, Liu HM, Tan YJ, Liu JH, Luo ZW, Zhang Y, Rao SS, Luo MJ, Yin H, Wang YY, Xia K, Xu L, Tang SY, Hu RG, Xie H. Autophagy receptor OPTN (optineurin) regulates mesenchymal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance during aging by clearing FABP3. Autophagy 2021. [PMID: 33143524 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.18392861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis (OP) is often concomitant with decreased autophagic activity. OPTN (optineurin), a macroautophagy/autophagy (hereinafter referred to as autophagy) receptor, is found to play a pivotal role in selective autophagy, coupling autophagy with bone metabolism. However, its role in osteogenesis is still mysterious. Herein, we identified Optn as a critical molecule of cell fate decision for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whose expression decreased in aged mice. Aged mice revealed osteoporotic bone loss, elevated senescence of MSCs, decreased osteogenesis, and enhanced adipogenesis, as well as optn-/ - mice. Importantly, restoring Optn by transplanting wild-type MSCs to optn-/ - mice or infecting optn-/ - mice with Optn-containing lentivirus rescued bone loss. The introduction of a loss-of-function mutant of OptnK193R failed to reestablish a bone-fat balance. We further identified FABP3 (fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart) as a novel selective autophagy substrate of OPTN. FABP3 promoted adipogenesis and inhibited osteogenesis of MSCs. Knockdown of FABP3 alleviated bone loss in optn-/ - mice and aged mice. Our study revealed that reduced OPTN expression during aging might lead to OP due to a lack of FABP3 degradation via selective autophagy. FABP3 accumulation impaired osteogenesis of MSCs, leading to the occurrence of OP. Thus, reactivating OPTN or inhibiting FABP3 would open a new avenue to treat senile OP.Abbreviations: ADIPOQ: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing; ALPL: alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney; BGLAP/OC/osteocalcin: bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein; BFR/BS: bone formation rate/bone surface; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CDKN2B/p15: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B; CEBPA: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha; COL1A1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; Ct. BV/TV: cortical bone volume fraction; Ct. Th: cortical thickness; Es. Pm: endocortical perimeter; FABP4/Ap2: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; H2AX: H2A.X variant histone; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAR: mineral apposition rate; MSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; NBR1: NBR1, autophagy cargo receptor; OP: osteoporosis; OPTN: optineurin; PDB: Paget disease of bone; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; Ps. Pm: periosteal perimeter; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; γH2AX: Phosphorylation of the Serine residue of H2AX; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RUNX2: runt related transcription factor 2; SA-GLB1: senescence-associated (SA)-GLB1 (galactosidase, beta 1); SP7/Osx/Osterix: Sp7 transcription factor 7; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 (human T cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 1; Tb. BV/TV: trabecular bone volume fraction; Tb. N: trabecular number; Tb. Sp: trabecular separation; Tb. Th: trabecular thickness; μCT: micro computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Gu Hong
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Bao Hu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Meng-Lu Chen
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong-Ke Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ben Wu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Ming Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Juan Tan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Luo
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institue of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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43
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Klionsky DJ, Petroni G, Amaravadi RK, Baehrecke EH, Ballabio A, Boya P, Bravo‐San Pedro JM, Cadwell K, Cecconi F, Choi AMK, Choi ME, Chu CT, Codogno P, Colombo M, Cuervo AM, Deretic V, Dikic I, Elazar Z, Eskelinen E, Fimia GM, Gewirtz DA, Green DR, Hansen M, Jäättelä M, Johansen T, Juhász G, Karantza V, Kraft C, Kroemer G, Ktistakis NT, Kumar S, Lopez‐Otin C, Macleod KF, Madeo F, Martinez J, Meléndez A, Mizushima N, Münz C, Penninger JM, Perera R, Piacentini M, Reggiori F, Rubinsztein DC, Ryan K, Sadoshima J, Santambrogio L, Scorrano L, Simon H, Simon AK, Simonsen A, Stolz A, Tavernarakis N, Tooze SA, Yoshimori T, Yuan J, Yue Z, Zhong Q, Galluzzi L, Pietrocola F. Autophagy in major human diseases. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108863. [PMID: 34459017 PMCID: PMC8488577 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 235.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses promote or aggravate disease in a plethora of experimental models. Consistently, mutations in autophagy-related processes cause severe human pathologies. Here, we review and discuss preclinical data linking autophagy dysfunction to the pathogenesis of major human disorders including cancer as well as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, pulmonary, renal, infectious, musculoskeletal, and ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Petroni
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Ravi K Amaravadi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
- Abramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMAUSA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoliItaly
- Department of Translational Medical SciencesSection of PediatricsFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research InstituteTexas Children HospitalHoustonTXUSA
| | - Patricia Boya
- Margarita Salas Center for Biological ResearchSpanish National Research CouncilMadridSpain
| | - José Manuel Bravo‐San Pedro
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment Section of PhysiologyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball InstituteNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of MicrobiologyNew York University Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival UnitCenter for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD)Danish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Pediatric Onco‐Hematology and Cell and Gene TherapyIRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’RomeItaly
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Mary E Choi
- New York‐Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Division of Nephrology and HypertensionJoan and Sanford I. Weill Department of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Institut Necker‐Enfants MaladesINSERM U1151‐CNRS UMR 8253ParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Maria Isabel Colombo
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares Implicados en el Tráfico Vesicular y la Autofagia‐Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)‐Universidad Nacional de CuyoCONICET‐ Facultad de Ciencias MédicasMendozaArgentina
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Institute for Aging StudiesAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism (AIMCenter of Biomedical Research ExcellenceUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesThe Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Molecular MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Department of EpidemiologyPreclinical Research, and Advanced DiagnosticsNational Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘L. Spallanzani’ IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologySchool of MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of ImmunologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTNUSA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteProgram of DevelopmentAging, and RegenerationLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and MetabolismCenter for Autophagy, Recycling & DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Terje Johansen
- Department of Medical BiologyMolecular Cancer Research GroupUniversity of Tromsø—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of GeneticsBiological Research CenterSzegedHungary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental BiologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Claudine Kraft
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyZBMZFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS ‐ Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des CordeliersEquipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le CancerUniversité de ParisSorbonne UniversitéInserm U1138Institut Universitaire de FranceParisFrance
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology PlatformsInstitut Gustave RoussyVillejuifFrance
- Pôle de BiologieHôpital Européen Georges PompidouAP‐HPParisFrance
- Suzhou Institute for Systems MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesSuzhouChina
- Karolinska InstituteDepartment of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | | | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer BiologyUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Carlos Lopez‐Otin
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología MolecularFacultad de MedicinaInstituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)Universidad de OviedoOviedoSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer ResearchThe Gordon Center for Integrative SciencesW‐338The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
- The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesNAWI GrazUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed‐GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease LaboratoryNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNIHResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Alicia Meléndez
- Biology Department, Queens CollegeCity University of New YorkFlushingNYUSA
- The Graduate Center Biology and Biochemistry PhD Programs of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral ImmunobiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Department of Medical GeneticsLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome “Tor Vergata”RomeItaly
- Laboratory of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Cytology Russian Academy of ScienceSaint PetersburgRussia
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & SystemsMolecular Cell Biology SectionUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical GeneticsCambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular MedicineCardiovascular Research InstituteRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJUSA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Istituto Veneto di Medicina MolecolarePadovaItaly
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Hans‐Uwe Simon
- Institute of PharmacologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Clinical Immunology and AllergologySechenov UniversityMoscowRussia
- Laboratory of Molecular ImmunologyInstitute of Fundamental Medicine and BiologyKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia
| | | | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular MedicineInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell ReprogrammingInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital MontebelloOsloNorway
| | - Alexandra Stolz
- Institute of Biochemistry IISchool of MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life SciencesGoethe UniversityFrankfurt, Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasHeraklion, CreteGreece
- Department of Basic SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of CreteHeraklion, CreteGreece
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of AutophagyThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of GeneticsGraduate School of MedicineOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane DynamicsGraduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science DivisionInstitute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of NeurologyFriedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationDepartment of PathophysiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU‐SM)ShanghaiChina
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation OncologyWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of DermatologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
- Université de ParisParisFrance
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44
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Agas D, Sabbieti MG. Autophagic Mediators in Bone Marrow Niche Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:61-75. [PMID: 34480334 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow serves as a reservoir for a multifunctional assortment of stem, progenitor, and mature cells, located in functional anatomical micro-areas termed niches. Within the niche, hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenies establish a symbiotic relationship characterized by interdependency and interconnectedness. The fine-tuned physical and molecular interactions that occur in the niches guarantee physiological bone turnover, blood cell maturation and egression, and moderation of inflammatory and oxidative intramural stressful conditions. The disruption of bone marrow niche integrity causes severe local and systemic pathological settings, and thus bone marrow inhabitants have been the object of extensive study. In this context, research has revealed the importance of the autophagic apparatus for niche homeostatic maintenance. Archetypal autophagic players such as the p62 and the Atg family proteins have been found to exert a variety of actions, some autophagy-related and others not; they moderate the essential features of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells and switch their operational schedules. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of bone marrow functionality and the role of the executive autophagic apparatus in the niche framework. Autophagic mediators such as p62 and Atg7 are currently considered the most important orchestrators of stem and mature cell dynamics in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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45
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Jähn-Rickert K, Zimmermann EA. Potential Role of Perilacunar Remodeling in the Progression of Osteoporosis and Implications on Age-Related Decline in Fracture Resistance of Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:391-402. [PMID: 34117624 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We took an interdisciplinary view to examine the potential contribution of perilacunar/canalicular remodeling to declines in bone fracture resistance related to age or progression of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS Perilacunar remodeling is most prominent as a result of lactation; recent advances further elucidate the molecular players involved and their effect on bone material properties. Of these, vitamin D and calcitonin could be active during aging or osteoporosis. Menopause-related hormonal changes or osteoporosis therapies affect bone material properties and mechanical behavior. However, investigations of lacunar size or osteocyte TRAP activity with age or osteoporosis do not provide clear evidence for or against perilacunar remodeling. While the occurrence and potential role of perilacunar remodeling in aging and osteoporosis progression are largely under-investigated, widespread changes in bone matrix composition in OVX models and following osteoporosis therapies imply osteocytic maintenance of bone matrix. Perilacunar remodeling-induced changes in bone porosity, bone matrix composition, and bone adaptation could have significant implications for bone fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jähn-Rickert
- Heisenberg Research Group, Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lottestr. 55a, 22529, Hamburg, Germany.
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Elizabeth A Zimmermann
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, 3640 Rue University, Montreal, Canada.
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46
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a recent update on bioenergetic pathways in osteocytes and identify potential future areas of research interest. Studies have identified a role for regulation of bone formation and bone resorption through osteocyte mechanosensing and osteocyte secreted factors. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of studies on the bioenergetics and energy metabolism of osteocytes, which are required for the regulation of bone remodeling. RECENT FINDINGS Osteocytes are cells of the osteoblast lineage embedded in bone. The osteocyte lacunocanalicular network within the skeletal matrix is exposed to a unique hypoxic environment. Therefore, the bioenergetic requirements of these cells could differ from other bone cells due to its location in the ossified matrix and its role in bone regulation transduced by mechanical signals. Recent findings highlighted in this review provide some evidence that metabolism of these cells is dependent on their location due to the substrates present in the microenvironment and metabolic cues from stress pathways. Both glycolysis (glucose metabolism) and oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondrial dynamics, ROS generation) affect osteocyte function and viability. In this review, we provide evidence that is currently available about information regarding bioenergetics pathways in osteocytes. We discuss published studies showing a role for hypoxia-driven glucose metabolism in regulating osteocyte bioenergetics. We also provide information on various substrates that osteocytes could utilize to fuel energetic needs, namely pyruvate, amino acids, and fatty acids. This is based on some preliminary experimental evidence that is available in literature. The role of parathyroid hormone PTH and parathryoid hormone-related peptide PTHrP in bone anabolism and resorption, along with regulation of metabolic pathways in the cells of the skeletal niche, needs to be explored further. Mitochondrial metabolism has a role in osteocyte bioenergetics through substrate utilization, location of the osteocyte in the bone cortex, and mitochondrial biogenesis. While there are limitations in studying metabolic flux in traditional cell lines, there are now novel cell lines and sophisticated tools available to study osteocyte bioenergetics to help harness its potential in vivo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivin Karthik
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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47
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Zhao X, Huang B, Wang H, Ni N, He F, Liu Q, Shi D, Chen C, Zhao P, Wang X, Wagstaff W, Pakvasa M, Tucker AB, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, Reid RR, Hynes K, Strelzow J, Ho SH, Yu T, Yang J, Shen L, He TC, Zhang Y. A functional autophagy pathway is essential for BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4233-4250. [PMID: 34150011 PMCID: PMC8205769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating into bone, cartilage and adipose tissues. We identified BMP9 as the most potent osteoinductive BMP although detailed mechanism underlying BMP9-regulated osteogenesis of MSCs is indeterminate. Emerging evidence indicates that autophagy plays a critical role in regulating bone homeostasis. We investigated the possible role of autophagy in osteogenic differentiation induced by BMP9. We showed that BMP9 upregulated the expression of multiple autophagy-related genes in MSCs. Autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) inhibited the osteogenic activity induced by BMP9 in MSCs. While overexpression of ATG5 or ATG7 did not enhance osteogenic activity induced by BMP9, silencing Atg5 expression in MSCs effectively diminished BMP9 osteogenic signaling activity and blocked the expression of the osteogenic regulator Runx2 and the late marker osteopontin induced by BMP9. Stem cell implantation study revealed that silencing Atg5 in MSCs profoundly inhibited ectopic bone regeneration and bone matrix mineralization induced by BMP9. Collectively, our results strongly suggest a functional autophagy pathway may play an essential role in regulating osteogenic differentiation induced by BMP9 in MSCs. Thus, restoration of dysregulated autophagic activity in MSCs may be exploited to treat fracture healing, bone defects or osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266061, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory and Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Na Ni
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory and Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Fang He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Spine Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China
| | - Deyao Shi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Connie Chen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Departments of Medicine/Gastroenterology, Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and School of Laboratory and Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mikhail Pakvasa
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew Blake Tucker
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Section of Plastic Surgery and Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, and Section of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kelly Hynes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Strelzow
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherwin H Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266061, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of The Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Le Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Section of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
- Section of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266061, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicago, IL 60637, USA
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48
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Suzuki A, Iwata J. Amino acid metabolism and autophagy in skeletal development and homeostasis. Bone 2021; 146:115881. [PMID: 33578033 PMCID: PMC8462526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an active organ that is continuously remodeled throughout life via formation and resorption; therefore, a fine-tuned bone (re)modeling is crucial for bone homeostasis and is closely connected with energy metabolism. Amino acids are essential for various cellular functions as well as an energy source, and their synthesis and catabolism (e.g., metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids) are regulated through numerous enzymatic cascades. In addition, the intracellular levels of amino acids are maintained by autophagy, a cellular recycling system for proteins and organelles; under nutrient deprivation conditions, autophagy is strongly induced to compensate for cellular demands and to restore the amino acid pool. Metabolites derived from amino acids are known to be precursors of bioactive molecules such as second messengers and neurotransmitters, which control various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. Thus, amino acid metabolism and autophagy are tightly and reciprocally regulated in our bodies. This review discusses the current knowledge and potential links between bone diseases and deficiencies in amino acid metabolism and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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49
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Vakili S, Zal F, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Savardashtaki A, Koohpeyma F. Quercetin and vitamin E alleviate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by modulating autophagy and apoptosis in rat bone cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3495-3509. [PMID: 33030247 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease and one of the most important postmenopausal consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin (Q) and vitamin E (vitE) on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Animals were ovariectomized and treated with Q (15 mg/kg/day), vitE (60 mg/kg/day), estradiol (10 µg/kg/day), and Q (7.5 mg/kg/day) + vitE (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks by gavage, and osteoporosis markers and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed in serum and tibia of rats. Data indicated that ovariectomy resulted in development of osteoporosis as demonstrated by reduction in serum calcium, bone weight, bone volume, trabeculae volume, and the total number of osteocytes and osteoblasts, and increase in the total number of osteoclasts and serum osteocalcin. Total mRNA expressions of LC3, beclin1, and caspase 3 were also increased and bcl2 expression was decreased in the tibia. By reversing these changes, treatment with Q and vitE markedly improved osteoporosis. In conclusion, Q, and to a lesser extent, vitE, prevented osteoporosis by regulating the total number of bone cells, maybe through regulating autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Vakili
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Medical History Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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50
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Gao X, Zhou J, Bian Y, Huang S, Zhang D. Simvastatin intervention mitigates hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:628. [PMID: 33936284 PMCID: PMC8082588 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin promotes bone formation and increases bone mineral density in patients with hyperlipidemia and ameliorates hypercholesterolemia-induced microstructure changes in the jaw bone of animals. However, whether and how treatment with simvastatin can modulate the hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption is unclear. The present study aimed to examine the therapeutic efficacy and potential mechanisms of simvastatin application in hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone resorption. The association between hyperlipidemia and alveolar bone resorption in 100 patients with periodontitis was examined. Additionally, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a standard rodent chow (NC) for 32 weeks or a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 24 weeks. The HCD-fed rats were randomized, continually fed with HCD and treated with vehicle saline (HC) or simvastatin by gavage (5 mg/kg; SIM, n=10/group) for 8 weeks. The morphological changes to alveolar bone resorption in rats were analyzed by linear measurements. The relative levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand RANKL, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p62 in the alveolar bone tissues were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. Sulcus bleeding index (SBI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD) and the distance of cemantoenamel junction-alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) in patients with hyperlipidemia were significantly greater than that in the controls (P<0.001). The levels of hyperlipidemia were positively correlated with the values of SBI, CAL, PD and CEJ-ABC in this population. Compared with the NC rats, higher levels of alveolar bone resorption, NF-κB expression, higher ratios of RANKL/OPG mRNA transcripts and LC3 to p62 expression were detected in the alveolar bone tissues of HC group. Simvastatin intervention significantly mitigated hypercholesterolemia-induced alveolar bone loss and RANKL mRNA transcription, but increased the ratios of LC3/p62 protein expression in the alveolar bone tissues of rats. Hyperlipidemia is associated with alveolar bone resorption and simvastatin treatment alleviated the hypercholesterolemia-related alveolar bone loss by down-regulating the NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shangdong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Bian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shangdong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shangdong University and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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