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Lu WL, Ma XY, Zhang J, Wang JQ, Zhang TT, Ye L, Xiao Y, Dong ZY, Wang W, Sun SY, Li CY, Hu RG, Ning G, Zhang LD. Clinical and molecular characterization of 10 Chinese children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:422-433. [PMID: 37486441 PMCID: PMC11052800 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestations of nonclassical 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency are very similar to those of non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. For this study, we investigated the relationship between the clinical and molecular features of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency and reviewed the related literature, which are expected to provide assistance for the clinical diagnosis and analysis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. METHODS Clinical data for 10 Chinese patients diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in our hospital from 2018 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. We examined the effects of gene mutations on protease activity and constructed three-dimensional structure prediction models of proteins. RESULTS We describe 10 patients with 11beta-hydroxylase gene mutations (n = 5, 46,XY; n = 5, 46,XX), with 10 novel mutations were reported. Female patients received treatment at an early stage, with an average age of 2.08 ± 1.66 years, whereas male patients received treatment significantly later, at an average age of 9.77 ± 3.62 years. The most common CYP11B1 pathogenic variant in the Chinese population was found to be c.1360C > T. All mutations lead to spatial conformational changes that affect protein stability. CONCLUSIONS Our study found that there was no significant correlation between each specific mutation and the severity of clinical manifestations. Different patients with the same gene pathogenic variant may have mild or severe clinical manifestations. The correlation between genotype and phenotype needs further study. Three-dimensional protein simulations may provide additional support for the physiopathological mechanism of genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun-Qi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Genetic and Metabolic Endocrinology, West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhi-Ya Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shou-Yue Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chuan-Yin Li
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Yanchang Zhong Lu 301St Rd, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Yanchang Zhong Lu 301St Rd, Jing'an District, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Li-Dan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Wu JP, Li ML, Wang Y, Lin S, Hu RG, Xiang RB. Impact of bentonite on greenhouse gas emissions during pig manure composting and its subsequent application. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118453. [PMID: 37354585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Additives were widely investigated to retain the nutrients and mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) during manure composting. However, the sustained effects of additives on the GHGs emissions following incorporation of composts to soil were scarcely explored. This study evaluated the effects of bentonite added at the beginning of pig manure composting on the GHGs emissions during two successive processes, i.e., composting and soil incubation amended with composting products. Addition of bentonite did not hinder the composting process and alter the total CO2 emission. On the other hand, reduction by about 17% and 29% for CH4 and N2O emission, respectively, was achieved in the presence of bentonite during composting. Incorporation of the final composting products to soil enhanced significantly the soil C and N of various forms, and gas emissions of CO2 and N2O. However, no significant differences were observed between bentonite-manure co-compost and manure-only compost application except for the N2O emission. Compared to the manure-only compost, compost amended with bentonite reduced N2O loss by around 6.8%, but not statistically significant. This study confirmed that addition of bentonite at the composting stage can mitigate the GHGs emission considering both composting and compost application stages, with all reductions occurring at the composting stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ping Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Meng-Ling Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shan Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Rong-Biao Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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3
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Zhang WM, Feng KW, Hu RG, Guo YJ, Li Y. Visible-light-induced iron redox-catalyzed selective transformation of biomass into formic acid. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Wang CC, Peng H, Wang Z, Yang J, Hu RG, Li CY, Geng WJ. TRIM72-mediated degradation of the short form of p62/SQSTM1 rheostatically controls selective autophagy in human cells. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:35. [PMID: 35733226 PMCID: PMC9215040 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Wang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Hong Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chuan-Yin Li
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Wu-Jun Geng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perioperative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Liu ZZ, Hong CG, Hu WB, Chen ML, Duan R, Li HM, Yue T, Cao J, Wang ZX, Chen CY, Hu XK, Wu B, Liu HM, Tan YJ, Liu JH, Luo ZW, Zhang Y, Rao SS, Luo MJ, Yin H, Wang YY, Xia K, Xu L, Tang SY, Hu RG, Xie H. Autophagy receptor OPTN (optineurin) regulates mesenchymal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance during aging by clearing FABP3. Autophagy 2021. [PMID: 33143524 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.18392-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis (OP) is often concomitant with decreased autophagic activity. OPTN (optineurin), a macroautophagy/autophagy (hereinafter referred to as autophagy) receptor, is found to play a pivotal role in selective autophagy, coupling autophagy with bone metabolism. However, its role in osteogenesis is still mysterious. Herein, we identified Optn as a critical molecule of cell fate decision for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whose expression decreased in aged mice. Aged mice revealed osteoporotic bone loss, elevated senescence of MSCs, decreased osteogenesis, and enhanced adipogenesis, as well as optn-/ - mice. Importantly, restoring Optn by transplanting wild-type MSCs to optn-/ - mice or infecting optn-/ - mice with Optn-containing lentivirus rescued bone loss. The introduction of a loss-of-function mutant of OptnK193R failed to reestablish a bone-fat balance. We further identified FABP3 (fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart) as a novel selective autophagy substrate of OPTN. FABP3 promoted adipogenesis and inhibited osteogenesis of MSCs. Knockdown of FABP3 alleviated bone loss in optn-/ - mice and aged mice. Our study revealed that reduced OPTN expression during aging might lead to OP due to a lack of FABP3 degradation via selective autophagy. FABP3 accumulation impaired osteogenesis of MSCs, leading to the occurrence of OP. Thus, reactivating OPTN or inhibiting FABP3 would open a new avenue to treat senile OP.Abbreviations: ADIPOQ: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing; ALPL: alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney; BGLAP/OC/osteocalcin: bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein; BFR/BS: bone formation rate/bone surface; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CDKN2B/p15: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B; CEBPA: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha; COL1A1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; Ct. BV/TV: cortical bone volume fraction; Ct. Th: cortical thickness; Es. Pm: endocortical perimeter; FABP4/Ap2: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; H2AX: H2A.X variant histone; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAR: mineral apposition rate; MSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; NBR1: NBR1, autophagy cargo receptor; OP: osteoporosis; OPTN: optineurin; PDB: Paget disease of bone; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; Ps. Pm: periosteal perimeter; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; γH2AX: Phosphorylation of the Serine residue of H2AX; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RUNX2: runt related transcription factor 2; SA-GLB1: senescence-associated (SA)-GLB1 (galactosidase, beta 1); SP7/Osx/Osterix: Sp7 transcription factor 7; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 (human T cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 1; Tb. BV/TV: trabecular bone volume fraction; Tb. N: trabecular number; Tb. Sp: trabecular separation; Tb. Th: trabecular thickness; μCT: micro computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Gu Hong
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Bao Hu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Meng-Lu Chen
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong-Ke Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ben Wu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Ming Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Juan Tan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Luo
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institue of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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6
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Liu ZZ, Hong CG, Hu WB, Chen ML, Duan R, Li HM, Yue T, Cao J, Wang ZX, Chen CY, Hu XK, Wu B, Liu HM, Tan YJ, Liu JH, Luo ZW, Zhang Y, Rao SS, Luo MJ, Yin H, Wang YY, Xia K, Xu L, Tang SY, Hu RG, Xie H. Autophagy receptor OPTN (optineurin) regulates mesenchymal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance during aging by clearing FABP3. Autophagy 2021. [PMID: 33143524 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.18392861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis (OP) is often concomitant with decreased autophagic activity. OPTN (optineurin), a macroautophagy/autophagy (hereinafter referred to as autophagy) receptor, is found to play a pivotal role in selective autophagy, coupling autophagy with bone metabolism. However, its role in osteogenesis is still mysterious. Herein, we identified Optn as a critical molecule of cell fate decision for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whose expression decreased in aged mice. Aged mice revealed osteoporotic bone loss, elevated senescence of MSCs, decreased osteogenesis, and enhanced adipogenesis, as well as optn-/ - mice. Importantly, restoring Optn by transplanting wild-type MSCs to optn-/ - mice or infecting optn-/ - mice with Optn-containing lentivirus rescued bone loss. The introduction of a loss-of-function mutant of OptnK193R failed to reestablish a bone-fat balance. We further identified FABP3 (fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart) as a novel selective autophagy substrate of OPTN. FABP3 promoted adipogenesis and inhibited osteogenesis of MSCs. Knockdown of FABP3 alleviated bone loss in optn-/ - mice and aged mice. Our study revealed that reduced OPTN expression during aging might lead to OP due to a lack of FABP3 degradation via selective autophagy. FABP3 accumulation impaired osteogenesis of MSCs, leading to the occurrence of OP. Thus, reactivating OPTN or inhibiting FABP3 would open a new avenue to treat senile OP.Abbreviations: ADIPOQ: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing; ALPL: alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney; BGLAP/OC/osteocalcin: bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein; BFR/BS: bone formation rate/bone surface; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CDKN2B/p15: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B; CEBPA: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha; COL1A1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; Ct. BV/TV: cortical bone volume fraction; Ct. Th: cortical thickness; Es. Pm: endocortical perimeter; FABP4/Ap2: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; H2AX: H2A.X variant histone; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAR: mineral apposition rate; MSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; NBR1: NBR1, autophagy cargo receptor; OP: osteoporosis; OPTN: optineurin; PDB: Paget disease of bone; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; Ps. Pm: periosteal perimeter; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; γH2AX: Phosphorylation of the Serine residue of H2AX; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RUNX2: runt related transcription factor 2; SA-GLB1: senescence-associated (SA)-GLB1 (galactosidase, beta 1); SP7/Osx/Osterix: Sp7 transcription factor 7; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 (human T cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 1; Tb. BV/TV: trabecular bone volume fraction; Tb. N: trabecular number; Tb. Sp: trabecular separation; Tb. Th: trabecular thickness; μCT: micro computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Gu Hong
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Bao Hu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Meng-Lu Chen
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong-Ke Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ben Wu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Ming Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Juan Tan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Luo
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Institue of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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7
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Zhang XL, Yan ZW, Wang F, Wang X, Xu H, Hu RG, Yan C, Lin S. [Effects of Microplastics Addition on Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization in Citrus Orchard]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2021; 42:4558-4565. [PMID: 34414756 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of microplastics on soil organic carbon mineralization and the changes in soil enzyme activities, an incubation experiment was conducted whereby single applications of either microplastics or straw, and combined application of both, were added to Dangyang citrus orchard soil. The results showed that the combined application of straw and microplastics significantly affected organic carbon mineralization in the soil, but the single addition of microplastics had no significant effect. Compared with straw alone, the application of a small combined amount of microplastics and straw significantly increased soil organic carbon mineralization by 8.20%, while medium and high amounts of the combined application significantly inhibited soil organic carbon mineralization. The lowest amount of organic carbon mineralization occurred with the highest amount of combined microplastics and straw, 10.13% lower than with straw alone. The addition of microplastics significantly reduced the activity of β-glucosidase. In particular, a high amount of microplastics significantly decreased the activity of β-glucosidase, compared with the control, by 20.52%, 43.93%, and 17.79% on the day 1, 6, and 35, respectively. However, straw application alleviated the inhibition effect of microplastic application on soil β-glucosidase activity. The soil organic carbon mineralization rate was significantly positively correlated with DOC, MBC and β-glucosidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Recourses and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zi-Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Recourses and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Recourses and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Recourses and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Recourses and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chang Yan
- Hubei Agricultural Ecological Environment Protection Station, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Recourses and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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8
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Liu ZZ, Hong CG, Hu WB, Chen ML, Duan R, Li HM, Yue T, Cao J, Wang ZX, Chen CY, Hu XK, Wu B, Liu HM, Tan YJ, Liu JH, Luo ZW, Zhang Y, Rao SS, Luo MJ, Yin H, Wang YY, Xia K, Xu L, Tang SY, Hu RG, Xie H. Autophagy receptor OPTN (optineurin) regulates mesenchymal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance during aging by clearing FABP3. Autophagy 2020; 17:2766-2782. [PMID: 33143524 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1839286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis (OP) is often concomitant with decreased autophagic activity. OPTN (optineurin), a macroautophagy/autophagy (hereinafter referred to as autophagy) receptor, is found to play a pivotal role in selective autophagy, coupling autophagy with bone metabolism. However, its role in osteogenesis is still mysterious. Herein, we identified Optn as a critical molecule of cell fate decision for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whose expression decreased in aged mice. Aged mice revealed osteoporotic bone loss, elevated senescence of MSCs, decreased osteogenesis, and enhanced adipogenesis, as well as optn-/ - mice. Importantly, restoring Optn by transplanting wild-type MSCs to optn-/ - mice or infecting optn-/ - mice with Optn-containing lentivirus rescued bone loss. The introduction of a loss-of-function mutant of OptnK193R failed to reestablish a bone-fat balance. We further identified FABP3 (fatty acid binding protein 3, muscle and heart) as a novel selective autophagy substrate of OPTN. FABP3 promoted adipogenesis and inhibited osteogenesis of MSCs. Knockdown of FABP3 alleviated bone loss in optn-/ - mice and aged mice. Our study revealed that reduced OPTN expression during aging might lead to OP due to a lack of FABP3 degradation via selective autophagy. FABP3 accumulation impaired osteogenesis of MSCs, leading to the occurrence of OP. Thus, reactivating OPTN or inhibiting FABP3 would open a new avenue to treat senile OP.Abbreviations: ADIPOQ: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing; ALPL: alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney; BGLAP/OC/osteocalcin: bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein; BFR/BS: bone formation rate/bone surface; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CDKN1A/p21: cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A; CDKN2A/p16: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CDKN2B/p15: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B; CEBPA: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha; COL1A1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; Ct. BV/TV: cortical bone volume fraction; Ct. Th: cortical thickness; Es. Pm: endocortical perimeter; FABP4/Ap2: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; H2AX: H2A.X variant histone; HE: hematoxylin and eosin; MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAR: mineral apposition rate; MSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; NBR1: NBR1, autophagy cargo receptor; OP: osteoporosis; OPTN: optineurin; PDB: Paget disease of bone; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; Ps. Pm: periosteal perimeter; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; γH2AX: Phosphorylation of the Serine residue of H2AX; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RUNX2: runt related transcription factor 2; SA-GLB1: senescence-associated (SA)-GLB1 (galactosidase, beta 1); SP7/Osx/Osterix: Sp7 transcription factor 7; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TAX1BP1: Tax1 (human T cell leukemia virus type I) binding protein 1; Tb. BV/TV: trabecular bone volume fraction; Tb. N: trabecular number; Tb. Sp: trabecular separation; Tb. Th: trabecular thickness; μCT: micro computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Gu Hong
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Bao Hu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Meng-Lu Chen
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong-Ke Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ben Wu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Ming Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Juan Tan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming-Jie Luo
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institue of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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Sun Z, Su RL, Xu P, Wu HT, Hu JL, Zhao JS, Hu RG. [Effect of Phosphorus Addition on N 2O Emissions from Rice-Rapeseed Rotation Soils]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2019; 40:3355-3360. [PMID: 31854738 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201811131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The red soils in southern China are generally classified as phosphorus-deficient, and therefore planting crops in these regions usually requires high applications of phosphate fertilizer. However, the effect of phosphorus addition on N2O emissions in rice-rapeseed rotation soils is not clear. We carried out an incubation experiment with the rice-rapeseed rotation soil from Qianjiang and Xianning to explore the effect of different concentrations of phosphorus (0, 15, and 30 mg·kg-1) and different concentrations of nitrogen (0 and 100 mg·kg-1) on N2O emission. Studies have shown that the addition of phosphorus has a significant effect on soil N2O emissions, but the pathways of impact are varied:in the case of low nitrogen soil, the addition of phosphorus promotes the fixation of nitrogen in the soil by microorganisms and thus reduces N2O emissions; in case of sufficient nitrogen content in soil, adding less phosphorus promotes the activity of nitrifies and thereby promotes the emission of N2O, while adding more phosphorus also promotes fixation by microorganisms in the soil; when there is a high content of available phosphorus in the soil, whether the nitrogen is sufficient or not, the addition of phosphorus will inhibit the emission of N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong-Lin Su
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Tao Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jin-Li Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Ecological Environment Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Jiang MD, Wang QM, Xu P, Zhou W, Wu L, Hu RG. [Effects of UV-B Radiation on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Transformation under Different Soil Moisture Contents from Two Paddy Fields]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2017; 38:4819-4827. [PMID: 29965428 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201704022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon and nitrogen in soils play an important role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle. The enhancement of ultraviolet radiation (predominantly UV-B) resulting from the depletion of stratospheric ozone has raised significant concern. The effects of UV-B radiation on soil carbon and nitrogen transformation is connected directly to the physical and chemical properties of the soil. In order to clearly understand the effects of soil moisture on UV-B radiation, this study collected soil samples from two paddy fields with different levels of organic matter in a subtropical region of China. The response of the total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+ -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3- -N) and cumulative net nitrogen mineralization to UV-B radiation under three different moisture gradients (W1=25%, W2=50%, and W3=100%) were monitored in laboratory for 120 h. After this period, the results were compared with a control treatment (CK) and it was found that:the TOC content had significantly decreased under UV-B radiation (p<0.05). From low to high moisture content (W1, W2 and W3), the TOC decreased by 9.9%, 4.5% and 6.3%, respectively for soil with low organic matter (L), and by 10.9%, 5.6% and 6.3%, respectively for soil with high organic matter (H), under UV-B radiation. However, UV-B radiation was found to enhance the DOC content in the soil compared with the CK. Furthermore, the DOC for soil moisture contents under 100% (W3) was higher than for other moisture contents (W1, W2). The measured DOC increased by 21.5% (W1), 9.4% (W2), and 26.3% (W3) for soil with L. In addition, the measured DOC increased by 26.7% (W1), 14.2% (W2) and 33.8% (W3) for soil with H under UV-B radiation after 120 h. Compared with control treatment (CK), UV-B radiation decreased the NH4+ -N content significantly, but there was an increased NO3- -N content. The decrease of the NH4+ -N content was largest for W3 and smallest for W1. The increase in NO3- -N content was largest for W2 and smallest for W1 for the two soil samples under UV-B radiation. UV-B radiation demonstrated an obvious effect on the cumulative net nitrogen mineralization (p<0.05) after 24 h compared with the CK and the effect of different soil moisture treatment was also significant (p<0.05). Overall, light degradation played a major role in the stabilization of soil organic matter, soil moisture, and UV-B radiation could accelerate the loss of soil organic carbon and has a major impact on the transformation of mineral nitrogen in the soil. Therefore, in agricultural production systems, completely bare surfaces should be avoided. For example, paddy rice-upland crop rotation systems could reduce the use of fallow periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Die Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiu-Min Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Xiangyang Environmental Monitoring Station, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Ecological Environment Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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Liu YJ, Liu C, Chang Z, Wadas B, Brower CS, Song ZH, Xu ZL, Shang YL, Liu WX, Wang LN, Dong W, Varshavsky A, Hu RG, Li W. Degradation of the Separase-cleaved Rec8, a Meiotic Cohesin Subunit, by the N-end Rule Pathway. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7426-38. [PMID: 26858254 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ate1 arginyltransferase (R-transferase) is a component of the N-end rule pathway, which recognizes proteins containing N-terminal degradation signals called N-degrons, polyubiquitylates these proteins, and thereby causes their degradation by the proteasome. Ate1 arginylates N-terminal Asp, Glu, or (oxidized) Cys. The resulting N-terminal Arg is recognized by ubiquitin ligases of the N-end rule pathway. In the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, the separase-mediated cleavage of the Scc1/Rad21/Mcd1 cohesin subunit generates a C-terminal fragment that bears N-terminal Arg and is destroyed by the N-end rule pathway without a requirement for arginylation. In contrast, the separase-mediated cleavage of Rec8, the mammalian meiotic cohesin subunit, yields a fragment bearing N-terminal Glu, a substrate of the Ate1 R-transferase. Here we constructed and used a germ cell-confinedAte1(-/-)mouse strain to analyze the separase-generated C-terminal fragment of Rec8. We show that this fragment is a short-lived N-end rule substrate, that its degradation requires N-terminal arginylation, and that maleAte1(-/-)mice are nearly infertile, due to massive apoptotic death ofAte1(-/-)spermatocytes during the metaphase of meiosis I. These effects ofAte1ablation are inferred to be caused, at least in part, by the failure to destroy the C-terminal fragment of Rec8 in the absence of N-terminal arginylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China, and
| | - Chao Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - ZeNan Chang
- the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Brandon Wadas
- the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Christopher S Brower
- the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, the Department of Biology, Texas Woman's University, Denton, Texas 76204
| | - Zhen-Hua Song
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Liang Shang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China, the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Dong
- the College of Marine Life, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China, and
| | - Alexander Varshavsky
- the Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125,
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,
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12
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Lin S, Chen T, Zhao JS, Xiang RB, Hu RG, Zhang SQ, Wang ML, Lu ZQ. [Characteristics of soil organic carbon mineralization at different temperatures in paddy soils under long-term fertilization]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2014; 25:1340-1348. [PMID: 25129934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of soil organic carbon mineralization affected by long-term fertilizations and temperature in relation to different soil carbon fractions were investigated in paddy soils. Soil samples were collected from the plough layer of 3 long-term national experimental sites in Xinhua, Ningxiang and Taojiang counties of Hunan Province. Mineralization of soil organic C was estimated by 33-day aerobic incubation at different temperatures of 10, 20 and 30 degrees C. The results showed that the rates of CO2 production were higher during the earlier phase (0-13 d) in all treatments, and then decreased according to a logarithm function. Higher incubation temperature strengthened C mineralization in the different treatments. The quantities of cumulative CO2 production in NPK with manure or straw treatments were greater than in inorganic fertilizers treatments. The Q10 values in the different soil treatments ranged from 1.01-1.53. There were significantly positive correlations between the Q10 values and soil total organic carbon (TOC), easy oxidation organic carbon (EOOC), humic acid carbon (C(HA)), fulvic acid carbon (CFA). The cumulative amount of mineralized C was significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at 10 and 20 degrees C, but not significantly at 30 degrees C. Significant correlations were found between the cumulative amount of mineralized C and different soil carbon fractions and C(HA)/C(FA). The correlations of differ- ent soil carbon fractions with the ratio of cumulative mineralized C to TOC were negatively correlated at 10 degrees C, but not significantly at 20 and 30 degrees C. These results suggested that the application of NPK with manure or straw would be helpful to increase the sequestration of C in paddy soils and reduce its contribution of CO2 release in the atmosphere.
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13
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Luo K, Hu RG, Zhang WJ, Zhou BK, Xu MG, Zhang JY, Xia PP. [Response of black soil organic carbon, nitrogen and its availability to longterm fertilization]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2013; 34:676-684. [PMID: 23668140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on the long-term fertilization experiments, effects of various fertilization practices on the soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) black soil in northeast China were studied. Results showed that, compared with the CK, long-term application of organic manure, especially the combination of mineral fertilizers and organic manure significantly increased the organic SOC and TN in the surface soil. Application of mineral fertilizers plus organic manure with conventional (NPM) and high application (N2P2M2) rate increased SOC significantly by 24. 6% and 25.1% , and TN by 29.5% and 32.8%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference among the treatments for SOC and TN at the subsurface. Compared with the CK (CKh), mineral fertilizer plus organic manure (NPM and N2P2M2) did not only increase the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN) , dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DN), but also significantly increased the ratio of SMBC and DOC to SOC, SMBN and TN to TN. Application of the NPM and N2P2M2 increased the value of SMBC/SOC by 0.36 to 0.59 and SMBN/TN by 1.21 to 1.95 percentage points, respectively. The value of DOC/SOC and DN/TN ranged from 0.53% to 0.72% and 1.41% to 1.78%, respectively. This result indicated that SMBC, SMBN, DOC, DN and SMBC/ SOC, SMBN/TN, DOC/SOC, DN/TN were more sensitive than SOC and TN to long-term fertilization in the soil profile, and were better indicators for the impact of long-term fertilization soil fertility. The concluded that the application of manure especially manure plus mineral fertilizers can increase soil nutrients activity in the surface and subsurface black soil, acting as a helpful practice to improve soil fertility and the ability of nutrient supply, while it may cause potential environment pollution on carbon and nitrogen loss in the agroecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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14
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Liu SR, Hu RG, Cai GC. [Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle: a review]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2012; 23:1992-1998. [PMID: 23173479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important phenomena of global climate change, the enhancement of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-320 nm) could have critical impact on the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystem. Through the impacts on plant photosynthesis, litter decomposition, and soil respiration, the enhanced UV-B radiation can affect the carbon input, turnover, and output of terrestrial ecosystem. Other climatic factors (ambient CO2 concentration, air temperature, and precipitation) may promote or mitigate the impact of enhanced UV-B radiation on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. This paper introduced the background of UV-B radiation enhancement, reviewed the impacts of enhanced UV-B radiation and its interactions with other climatic factors on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle, summarized the existing problems in related researches, and discussed the priorities and directions of future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Rong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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15
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Hao XH, Hu RG, Wu JS, Tang SR, Luo XQ. [Effects of long-term fertilization on paddy soils organic nitrogen, microbial biomass, and microbial functional diversity]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2010; 21:1477-1484. [PMID: 20873623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Soil samples were collected from the plow layers at two long-term experiment sites in Xinhua and Ningxiang counties of Hunan Province, China to study the effects of long-term fertilization on organic nitrogen, microbial biomass, and microbial functional diversity of paddy soils. Long-term fertilization showed great effects on the soil N content. Compared with CK, treatments NPK plus manure or straw increased the contents of soil total acid-hydrolysable N and its fractions amino sugar N, amino acid N, and ammonium N. Treatment NPK had no significant effects on soil microbial biomass C and N, but treatments NPK plus manure increased the contents of soil microbial biomass C and N significantly. BIOLOG test showed that treatments NPK plus manure enhanced the carbon utilization efficiency of soil microbes, and improved the functional diversity of soil microbial communities, compared with CK. Long-term different fertilizer treatments resulted in the differences of carbon substrate utilization patterns of soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Hao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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16
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Zhang SY, Feng ML, Lin S, Qin DF, Hu RG, Yang XW, Jiang C. [Dissolved silicon, inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in the stream water of two small watersheds in Three Gorges area]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2008; 29:2716-2722. [PMID: 19143360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By using the method of fixed-pointed monitoring in streams of two small watersheds in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the contents of dissolved silicon (DSi), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) are analyzed. The seasonal variation, the content ratio of DSi, DIN and DP, and the potential environmental problems are also discussed. The results indicate that: (10 In the two rivers, DSi content ranges from 0.18 to 19.89 mg x L(-1), DIN from 0.39 to 6.85 mg x L(-1) , and both are higher in the dry period than in the wet period; (2) DP content is from 0.01 to 0.08 mg x L(-1), which shows no significant difference between the dry and wet period; (3) The contents of DSi and DIN in Quxi River are higher than in Baota River, which may relate with the local agricultural activities, land use/land cover, fertilizer and so on; (4) The contents of DSi, DIN and DP in two small watersheds are all higher than in Three Gorge Reservoir, and the content ratio of DSi, DIN, DP is about 138 : 81 : 1 in Baota River, and 500 : 350 : 1 in Quxi River, which suggests that more attention should be paid to a potential threat to water environment such as Water-bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yuan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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17
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Chen T, Hao XH, Du LJ, Lin S, Feng ML, Hu RG, Gao JY. [Effects of long-term fertilization on paddy soil organic carbon mineralization]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2008; 19:1494-1500. [PMID: 18839909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An incubation test was conducted with the paddy soil samples collected from three national long-term experiment stations in Hunan Province to study the characteristics of organic carbon mineralization under different fertilization treatments and its relationships with organic carbon fractions, i.e., total organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC). The results showed that in all fertilization treatments, the cumulative amounts of CO2 and CH4 ranged from 448.64 to 1516.77 microg x g(-1) and from 15.60 to 33.34 microg x g(-1), respectively. In the 58 days of incubation, the mineralized carbon accounted for 3.59%-5.57% of TOC. The CO2 production rate was higher in the early phase of incubation, decreased rapidly then, and tended to stable afterwards; while the CH4 production rate had a slow increase first and declined rapidly then. A combined application of chemical fertilizers and manure or straw increased the cumulative amounts of CO2 and CH4 significantly. In all fertilization treatments, the cumulative mineralized C had significant correlations with TOC, MBC and WSOC, but less correlation with its percentage in TOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- College of Resource & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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18
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Lin S, Feng ML, Ruan LL, Hu RG, Peng YX, Xiao HY, Lu L. [Soil N2O flux and its affecting factors under different land use patterns in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of China]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2008; 19:1269-1276. [PMID: 18808019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
By using static chamber techniques, the N2O emission from soils under different land use patterns was measured. The results showed that the N2O flux ranged from -21 to 435 microg x m(-2) h(-1), and the annual N2O flux was decreased in the order of vegetable field > orchard > upland > upland transferred from paddy field > woodland, being 447.14, 313.57, 167.00, 124.875 and 7.24 mg x m(-2), respectively. The N2O flux presented significant seasonal fluctuation, with the maximum in spring and summer, followed by in autumn, and the minimum in winter, which was approximately consistent with the changes of air- and soil temperature. N2O flux had significant positive correlation with the soil temperature at 5 cm depth and soil NO3(-)-N content, but no significant correlation with soil moisture and NH4(+)-N contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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19
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Feng ML, Hu RG, Xu KC, Xiao HY, Ruan LL, Lin S. [Variations and influencing factors of nitrate nitrogen concentration in water in a small watershed of Three Gorges area]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2008; 29:13-18. [PMID: 18441910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the water quality and response to influencing factors in typical watersheds of Three Gorges area between 2004 and 2005, the variation characteristics of nitrate nitrogen concentration were analyzed under heterogeneous landscape condition through continuous observation with method of dividing into sub-watersheds in Quxi watershed (the first-grade branch, located in Three Gorges). The results suggested that nitrate nitrogen concentration fluctuated between 0.4 and 14.6 mg x L(-1) with the highest in winter,higher in autumn and summer and lower in spring. Discrepancy also exists in different years. In addition, nitrate nitrogen concentration shows increasing trends with the aggravating impacts of agricultural activities on environment. Moreover, nitrate nitrogen concentration had some relationships with different land use types and space layout to some extent, and was also affected by geological and hydrological characters in the sub-watersheds, which indicated that response of nitrate nitrogen concentration in water was evident to influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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20
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Hu RG, Brower CS, Wang H, Davydov IV, Sheng J, Zhou J, Kwon YT, Varshavsky A. Arginyltransferase, its specificity, putative substrates, bidirectional promoter, and splicing-derived isoforms. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:32559-73. [PMID: 16943202 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604355200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Substrates of the N-end rule pathway include proteins with destabilizing N-terminal residues. Three of them, Asp, Glu, and (oxidized) Cys, function through their conjugation to Arg, one of destabilizing N-terminal residues that are recognized directly by the pathway's ubiquitin ligases. The conjugation of Arg is mediated by arginyltransferase, encoded by ATE1. Through its regulated degradation of specific proteins, the arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway mediates, in particular, the cardiovascular development, the fidelity of chromosome segregation, and the control of signaling by nitric oxide. We show that mouse ATE1 specifies at least six mRNA isoforms, which are produced through alternative splicing, encode enzymatically active arginyltransferases, and are expressed at varying levels in mouse tissues. We also show that the ATE1 promoter is bidirectional, mediating the expression of both ATE1 and an oppositely oriented, previously uncharacterized gene. In addition, we identified GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78) and protein-disulfide isomerase as putative physiological substrates of arginyltransferase. Purified isoforms of arginyltransferase that contain the alternative first exons differentially arginylate these proteins in extract from ATE1(-/-) embryos, suggesting that specific isoforms may have distinct functions. Although the N-end rule pathway is apparently confined to the cytosol and the nucleus, and although GRP78 and protein-disulfide isomerase are located largely in the endoplasmic reticulum, recent evidence suggests that these proteins are also present in the cytosol and other compartments in vivo, where they may become N-end rule substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Gui Hu
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Graciet E, Hu RG, Piatkov K, Rhee JH, Schwarz EM, Varshavsky A. Aminoacyl-transferases and the N-end rule pathway of prokaryotic/eukaryotic specificity in a human pathogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:3078-83. [PMID: 16492767 PMCID: PMC1413915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0511224103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue. Primary destabilizing N-terminal residues (Nd(p)) are recognized directly by the targeting machinery. The recognition of secondary destabilizing N-terminal residues (Nd(s)) is preceded by conjugation of an Nd(p) residue to Nd(s) of a polypeptide substrate. In eukaryotes, ATE1-encoded arginyl-transferases (R(D,E,C*)-transferases) conjugate Arg (R), an Nd(p) residue, to Nd(s) residues Asp (D), Glu (E), or oxidized Cys residue (C*). Ubiquitin ligases recognize the N-terminal Arg of a substrate and target the (ubiquitylated) substrate to the proteasome. In prokaryotes such as Escherichia coli, Nd(p) residues Leu (L) or Phe (F) are conjugated, by the aat-encoded Leu/Phe-transferase (L/F(K,R)-transferase), to N-terminal Arg or Lys, which are Nd(s) in prokaryotes but Nd(p) in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, substrates bearing the Nd(p) residues Leu, Phe, Trp, or Tyr are degraded by the proteasome-like ClpAP protease. Despite enzymological similarities between eukaryotic R(D,E,C*)-transferases and prokaryotic L/F(K,R)-transferases, there is no significant sequelogy (sequence similarity) between them. We identified an aminoacyl-transferase, termed Bpt, in the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus. Although it is a sequelog of eukaryotic R(D,E,C*)-transferases, this prokaryotic transferase exhibits a "hybrid" specificity, conjugating Nd(p) Leu to Nd(s) Asp or Glu. Another aminoacyl-transferase, termed ATEL1, of the eukaryotic pathogen Plasmodium falciparum, is a sequelog of prokaryotic L/F(K,R)-transferases (Aat), but has the specificity of eukaryotic R(D,E,C*)-transferases (ATE1). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the substrate specificity of R-transferases arose by two distinct routes during the evolution of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Graciet
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and
| | - Rong-Gui Hu
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and
| | - Konstantin Piatkov
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis and Genome Research Center for Enteropathogenic Bacteria, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746, Korea
| | - Erich M. Schwarz
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and
| | - Alexander Varshavsky
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Hu RG, Sheng J, Qi X, Xu Z, Takahashi TT, Varshavsky A. The N-end rule pathway as a nitric oxide sensor controlling the levels of multiple regulators. Nature 2005; 437:981-6. [PMID: 16222293 DOI: 10.1038/nature04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of arginine to proteins is a part of the N-end rule pathway of protein degradation. Three amino (N)-terminal residues--aspartate, glutamate and cysteine--are arginylated by ATE1-encoded arginyl-transferases. Here we report that oxidation of N-terminal cysteine is essential for its arginylation. The in vivo oxidation of N-terminal cysteine, before its arginylation, is shown to require nitric oxide. We reconstituted this process in vitro as well. The levels of regulatory proteins bearing N-terminal cysteine, such as RGS4, RGS5 and RGS16, are greatly increased in mouse ATE1-/- embryos, which lack arginylation. Stabilization of these proteins, the first physiological substrates of mammalian N-end rule pathway, may underlie cardiovascular defects in ATE1-/- embryos. Our findings identify the N-end rule pathway as a new nitric oxide sensor that functions through its ability to destroy specific regulatory proteins bearing N-terminal cysteine, at rates controlled by nitric oxide and apparently by oxygen as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Gui Hu
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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23
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Chen HY, Hu RG, Wang BZ, Chen WF, Liu WY, Schröder W, Frank P, Ulbrich N. Structural studies of an eukaryotic cambialistic superoxide dismutase purified from the mature seeds of camphor tree. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 404:218-26. [PMID: 12147259 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An iron-superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purified and characterized from the mature seeds of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora). The ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of camphor Fe-SOD showed patterns typical of cambialistic Fe-SODs. The inductively coupled plasma assay indicated that there was 0.5-1 atom of Fe(2+) per camphor Fe-SOD subunit. The cDNA of camphor Fe-SOD, including the coding region and the 3' noncoding region, was obtained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using the total RNA from immature seeds of C. camphora as template and then sequenced. The complete amino acid sequence of camphor Fe-SOD was deduced from the cDNA sequence. The correctness of the amino acid sequence was confirmed by directly sequencing five peptide fragments of the enzyme. The molecular mass calculated for the camphor Fe-SOD subunit from its 204 amino acid residues was 22,930.6 Da, The cDNA of camphor Fe-SOD was cloned into the expression vector PMFT7-5 and then expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21. The reconstructed Fe- or Mn-SOD was purified to homogeneity through column chromatography. Activity of the Fe- or Mn-SOD was found to be almost equal to that of natural camphor Fe-SOD, which is the first cambialistic SOD isolated from eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
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Abstract
The enzymatic conjugation of arginine to the N-termini of proteins is a part of the ubiquitin-dependent N-end rule pathway of protein degradation. In mammals, three N-terminal residues-aspartate, glutamate, and cysteine-are substrates for arginylation. The mouse ATE1 gene encodes a family of Arg-tRNA-protein transferases (R-transferases) that mediate N-terminal arginylation. We constructed ATE1-lacking mouse strains and found that ATE1-/- embryos die with defects in heart development and in angiogenic remodeling of the early vascular plexus. Through biochemical analyses, we show that N-terminal cysteine, in contrast to N-terminal aspartate and glutamate, is oxidized before its arginylation by R-transferase, suggesting that the arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway functions as an oxygen sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tae Kwon
- Division of Biology, 147-75, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Hu RG, Zhai QW, He WJ, Mei L, Liu WY. Bioactivities of ricin retained and its immunoreactivity to anti-ricin polyclonal antibodies alleviated through pegylation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34:396-402. [PMID: 11854038 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(01)00128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ricin has long been employed to construct immunotoxins, whose efficacy was often undermined by immunogenicity. Pegylation (modification of proteins with polyethylene glycol, PEG) was one of those recently developed approaches to circumvent immunogenicity of legions of drugs. Herein, pegylation of ricin was found to have barely changed the RNA N-glycosidase activity and protein synthesis inhibiting activity of ricin, but remarkably altered the cytotoxicity of ricin on hepatoma cell line (BEL7404) or the immunoreactivity with polyclonal anti-ricin antibodies. This result suggested that the attached PEG or monomethyloxyl polyethylene glycol (mPEG) groups did not hinder ricin from hydrolyzing ribosomal RNA, but indeed covered some areas on the surface of ricin molecule, including those involved in the interaction with cellular receptors and epitopes recognized by polyclonal antibodies. Pegylation, masking certain epitopes of ricin, might contribute to alleviate the immunogenicity of the toxin. Approach in this work, if applied to thereby constructed immunotoxins, would help improve the prospective efficacy of these toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Gui Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 20031, China
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Xie L, Wang BZ, Hu RG, Ji HB, Zhang L, Liu WY. Structural and functional studies of cinnamomin, a new type II ribosome-inactivating protein isolated from the seeds of the camphor tree. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:5723-33. [PMID: 11722556 DOI: 10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamomin is a new type II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP). Its A-chain exhibits RNA N-glycosidase activity to inactivate the ribosome and thus inhibit protein synthesis, whereas the glycosylated B-chain is a lectin. The primary structure of cinnamomin, which exhibits approximately 55% identity with those of ricin and abrin, was deduced from the nucleotide sequences of cDNAs of cinnamomin A- and B-chains. It is composed of a total of 549 amino-acid residues: 271 residues in the A-chain, a 14-residue linker and 264 residues in the B-chain. To explore its biological function, the cinnamomin A-chain was expressed in Escherichia coli with a yield of 100 mg per L of culture, and purified through two-step column chromatography. After renaturation, the recovery of the enzyme activity of the expressed A-chain was 80% of that of native A-chain. Based on the modeling of the three-dimensional structure of the A-chain, the functional roles of five amino acids and the only cysteine residues were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis or chemical modification. The conserved single mutation of the five amino-acid residues led to 8-50-fold losses of enzymatic activity, suggesting that these residues were crucial for maintaining the RNA N-glycosidase activity of the A-chain. Most interestingly, the strong electric charge introduced at the position of the single cysteine in A-chain seemed to play a role in enzyme/substrate binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xie
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Among five ribosome-inactivating proteins tested only saporin-S6 could efficiently release the adenine from adenosine 20 of the synthetic oligoribonucleotide (SRD RNA) mimic of the sarcin/ricin domain of rat 28S rRNA with a Km of 9 microM and a kcat of approximately 0.4 min(-1) at pH 7.6. The optimal pH for the depurination activity of saporin-S6 is 5.0. However, saporin-S6 lost its site-specificity of depurination on SRD RNA around the optimal pH. The non-specific depurination activity of saporin-S6 was dependent on the enzyme concentration and pH conditions. These results are valuable to understand the diversity and the depurination mechanism of ribosome-inactivating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Academia Sinica, China
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28
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Abstract
Cinnamomin, a new type II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), was found to be able to induce the release of calcein loaded in lecithin small unilamellar vesicles and the fusion or aggregation of the lecithin liposomes. Such induction could be promoted severalfold by a pH 5.0 environment, a condition similar to that in endocytic vesicles. Lowering the pH from 7.5 to 5.0 evoked conformational changes of cinnamomin and unmasked its hydrophobic areas, including the exposure of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (1,8-ANS) binding sites of the molecule. Some tryptophan residues with affinity to acrylamide were demonstrated to participate in the lipid-protein interaction. The pH dependent fusogenicity of type II RIP might suggest its in vivo function as a fusogen to exert its cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Academia Sinica, P. R. China
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