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Jiang Y, Shen L, Wang B. Non-electrophysiological techniques targeting transient receptor potential (TRP) gene of gastrointestinal tract. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129551. [PMID: 38367416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation channels related to a wide range of physical and chemical stimuli, they are expressed all along the gastrointestinal system, and a myriad of diseases are often associated with aberrant expression or mutation of the TRP gene, suggesting that TRPs are promising targets for drug therapy. Therefore, a better understanding of the information of TRPs in health and disease could facilitate the development of effective drugs for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases like IBD. But there are very few generalizations about the experimental techniques studied in this field. In view of the promise of TRP as a therapeutic target, we discuss experimental methods that can be used for TRPs including their distribution, function and interaction with other proteins, as well as some promising emerging technologies to provide experimental methods for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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2
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Sanganna Gari RR, Tagiltsev G, Pumroy RA, Jiang Y, Blackledge M, Moiseenkova-Bell VY, Scheuring S. Intrinsically disordered regions in TRPV2 mediate protein-protein interactions. Commun Biol 2023; 6:966. [PMID: 37736816 PMCID: PMC10516966 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are gated by diverse intra- and extracellular stimuli leading to cation inflow (Na+, Ca2+) regulating many cellular processes and initiating organismic somatosensation. Structures of most TRP channels have been solved. However, structural and sequence analysis showed that ~30% of the TRP channel sequences, mainly the N- and C-termini, are intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Unfortunately, very little is known about IDR 'structure', dynamics and function, though it has been shown that they are essential for native channel function. Here, we imaged TRPV2 channels in membranes using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). The dynamic single molecule imaging capability of HS-AFM allowed us to visualize IDRs and revealed that N-terminal IDRs were involved in intermolecular interactions. Our work provides evidence about the 'structure' of the TRPV2 IDRs, and that the IDRs may mediate protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grigory Tagiltsev
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ruth A Pumroy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Structural Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yining Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Cell & Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Structural Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Simon Scheuring
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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3
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A conformational switch in clathrin light chain regulates lattice structure and endocytosis at the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:732. [PMID: 36759616 PMCID: PMC9911608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational changes in endocytic proteins are regulators of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Three clathrin heavy chains associated with clathrin light chains (CLC) assemble into triskelia that link into a geometric lattice that curves to drive endocytosis. Structural changes in CLC have been shown to regulate triskelia assembly in solution, yet the nature of these changes, and their effects on lattice growth, curvature, and endocytosis in cells are unknown. Here, we develop a new correlative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and platinum replica electron microscopy method, named FRET-CLEM. With FRET-CLEM, we measure conformational changes in clathrin at thousands of individual morphologically distinct clathrin-coated structures. We discover that the N-terminus of CLC repositions away from the plasma membrane and triskelia vertex as coats curve. Preventing this conformational switch with chemical tools increases lattice sizes and inhibits endocytosis. Thus, a specific conformational switch in the light chain regulates lattice curvature and endocytosis in mammalian cells.
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4
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Rangel-Yescas G, Cervantes C, Cervantes-Rocha MA, Suárez-Delgado E, Banaszak AT, Maldonado E, Ramsey IS, Rosenbaum T, Islas LD. Discovery and characterization of H v1-type proton channels in reef-building corals. eLife 2021; 10:e69248. [PMID: 34355697 PMCID: PMC8346283 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent proton-permeable channels are membrane proteins mediating a number of important physiological functions. Here we report the presence of a gene encoding Hv1 voltage-dependent, proton-permeable channels in two species of reef-building corals. We performed a characterization of their biophysical properties and found that these channels are fast-activating and modulated by the pH gradient in a distinct manner. The biophysical properties of these novel channels make them interesting model systems. We have also developed an allosteric gating model that provides mechanistic insight into the modulation of voltage-dependence by protons. This work also represents the first functional characterization of any ion channel in scleractinian corals. We discuss the implications of the presence of these channels in the membranes of coral cells in the calcification and pH-regulation processes and possible consequences of ocean acidification related to the function of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Rangel-Yescas
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad of Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Cervantes
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad of Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Cervantes-Rocha
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad of Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esteban Suárez-Delgado
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad of Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anastazia T Banaszak
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Maldonado
- EvoDevo Research Group, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ian Scott Ramsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departmento of Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leon D Islas
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad of Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Couch T, Berger K, Kneisley DL, McCullock TW, Kammermeier P, Maclean DM. Topography and motion of acid-sensing ion channel intracellular domains. eLife 2021; 10:68955. [PMID: 34292153 PMCID: PMC8341984 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are trimeric cation-selective channels activated by decreases in extracellular pH. The intracellular N and C terminal tails of ASIC1 influence channel gating, trafficking, and signaling in ischemic cell death. Despite several X-ray and cryo-EM structures of the extracellular and transmembrane segments of ASIC1, these important intracellular tails remain unresolved. Here, we describe the coarse topography of the chicken ASIC1 intracellular domains determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), measured using either fluorescent lifetime imaging or patch clamp fluorometry. We find the C terminal tail projects into the cytosol by approximately 35 Å and that the N and C tails from the same subunits are closer than adjacent subunits. Using pH-insensitive fluorescent proteins, we fail to detect any relative movement between the N and C tails upon extracellular acidification but do observe axial motions of the membrane proximal segments toward the plasma membrane. Taken together, our study furnishes a coarse topographic map of the ASIC intracellular domains while providing directionality and context to intracellular conformational changes induced by extracellular acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Couch
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Reno, United States
| | - Kyle Berger
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Dana L Kneisley
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Tyler W McCullock
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Reno, United States
| | - Paul Kammermeier
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - David M Maclean
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, United States
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6
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Chappe Y, Michel P, Joushomme A, Barbeau S, Pierredon S, Baron L, Garenne A, Poulletier De Gannes F, Hurtier A, Mayer S, Lagroye I, Quignard JF, Ducret T, Compan V, Franchet C, Percherancier Y. High-throughput screening of TRPV1 ligands in the light of the Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer technique. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:237-257. [PMID: 34127538 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are attractive drug targets for many therapeutic applications. However, high-throughput screening (HTS) of drug candidates is difficult and remains very expensive. We thus assessed the suitability of the Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) technique as a new HTS method for ion-channel studies by taking advantage of our recently characterized intra- and intermolecular BRET probes targeting the TRPV1 ion channel. These BRET probes monitor conformational changes during TRPV1 gating and subsequent coupling with Calmodulin, two molecular events that are intractable using reference techniques such as automated calcium assay (ACA) and automated patch-clamp (APC). We screened the small-sized Prestwick chemical library, encompassing 1200 compounds with high structural diversity, using either intra- and intermolecular BRET probes or ACA. Secondary screening of the detected hits was done using APC. Multiparametric analysis of our results shed light on the capability of calmodulin inhibitors included in the Prestwick library to inhibit TRPV1 activation by Capsaicin (CAPS). BRET was the lead technique for this identification process. Finally, we present data exemplifying the use of intramolecular BRET probes to study other TRPs and non-TRPs ion channels. Knowing the ease of use of BRET biosensors and the low cost of the BRET technique, these assays may advantageously be included for extending ion-channel drug screening. Significance Statement We screened a chemical library against TRPV1 ion channel using Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) molecular probes, and compared the results with the ones obtained using reference techniques such as automated calcium assay and automated patch-clamp. Multiparametric analysis of our results shed light on the capability of Calmodulin antagonists to inhibit chemical activation of TRPV1, and indicates that BRET probes may advantageously be included in ion channel drug screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Chappe
- IMS laboratory / CNRS UMR 5218, Bordeaux University, France
| | | | | | - Solène Barbeau
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, France
| | - Sandra Pierredon
- CNRS UMR 5203 - INSERM U1191, Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle, France
| | | | - André Garenne
- IMS laboratory / CNRS UMR 5218, Bordeaux University, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean-François Quignard
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, France
| | - Thomas Ducret
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux University, France
| | - Vincent Compan
- CNRS UMR 5203 - INSERM U1191, Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle, France
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7
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Goretzki B, Guhl C, Tebbe F, Harder JM, Hellmich UA. Unstructural Biology of TRP Ion Channels: The Role of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Channel Function and Regulation. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166931. [PMID: 33741410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first genuine high-resolution single particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of a membrane protein determined was a transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel, TRPV1, in 2013. This methodical breakthrough opened up a whole new world for structural biology and ion channel aficionados alike. TRP channels capture the imagination due to the sheer endless number of tasks they carry out in all aspects of animal physiology. To date, structures of at least one representative member of each of the six mammalian TRP channel subfamilies as well as of a few non-mammalian families have been determined. These structures were instrumental for a better understanding of TRP channel function and regulation. However, all of the TRP channel structures solved so far are incomplete since they miss important information about highly flexible regions found mostly in the channel N- and C-termini. These intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can represent between a quarter to almost half of the entire protein sequence and act as important recruitment hubs for lipids and regulatory proteins. Here, we analyze the currently available TRP channel structures with regard to the extent of these "missing" regions and compare these findings to disorder predictions. We discuss select examples of intra- and intermolecular crosstalk of TRP channel IDRs with proteins and lipids as well as the effect of splicing and post-translational modifications, to illuminate their importance for channel function and to complement the prevalently discussed structural biology of these versatile and fascinating proteins with their equally relevant 'unstructural' biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Goretzki
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Guhl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederike Tebbe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jean-Martin Harder
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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8
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Melkes B, Markova V, Hejnova L, Marek A, Novotny J. Naloxone Is a Potential Binding Ligand and Activator of the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:908-912. [PMID: 32378567 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The receptor channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) functions as a sensor of noxious heat and various chemicals. There is increasing evidence for a crosstalk between TRPV1 and opioid receptors. Here we investigated the effect of the prototypical TRPV1 agonist capsaicin and selected opioid ligands on TRPV1 movement in the plasma membrane and intracellular calcium levels in HEK293 cells expressing TRPV1 tagged with cyan fluorescent protein (CFP). We observed that lateral mobility of TRPV1 increased after treatment of cells with capsaicin or naloxone (a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist) but not with DAMGO (a μ-opioid receptor agonist). Interestingly, both capsaicin and naloxone, unlike DAMGO, elicited intracellular calcium responses. The increased TRPV1 movement and calcium influx induced by capsaicin and naloxone were blocked by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. The ability of naloxone to directly interact with TRPV1 was further corroborated by [3H]-naloxone binding. In conclusion, our data suggest that besides acting as an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone may function as a potential TRPV1 agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Melkes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University
| | - Vendula Markova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University
| | - Lucie Hejnova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University
| | - Ales Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University
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9
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β-Arrestin 2 and ERK1/2 Are Important Mediators Engaged in Close Cooperation between TRPV1 and µ-Opioid Receptors in the Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134626. [PMID: 32610605 PMCID: PMC7370190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between TRPV1 and µ-opioid receptors (MOR) have recently attracted much attention because these two receptors play important roles in pain pathways and can apparently modulate each other’s functioning. However, the knowledge about signaling interactions and crosstalk between these two receptors is still limited. In this study, we investigated the mutual interactions between MOR and TRPV1 shortly after their activation in HEK293 cells expressing these two receptors. After activation of one receptor we observed significant changes in the other receptor’s lateral mobility and vice versa. However, the changes in receptor movement within the plasma membrane were not connected with activation of the other receptor. We also observed that plasma membrane β-arrestin 2 levels were altered after treatment with agonists of both these receptors. Knockdown of β-arrestin 2 blocked all changes in the lateral mobility of both receptors. Furthermore, we found that β-arrestin 2 can play an important role in modulating the effectiveness of ERK1/2 phosphorylation after activation of MOR in the presence of TRPV1. These data suggest that β-arrestin 2 and ERK1/2 are important mediators between these two receptors and their signaling pathways. Collectively, MOR and TRPV1 can mutually affect each other’s behavior and β-arrestin 2 apparently plays a key role in the bidirectional crosstalk between these two receptors in the plasma membrane.
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10
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Benítez-Angeles M, Morales-Lázaro SL, Juárez-González E, Rosenbaum T. TRPV1: Structure, Endogenous Agonists, and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103421. [PMID: 32408609 PMCID: PMC7279265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel is a polymodal protein with functions widely linked to the generation of pain. Several agonists of exogenous and endogenous nature have been described for this ion channel. Nonetheless, detailed mechanisms and description of binding sites have been resolved only for a few endogenous agonists. This review focuses on summarizing discoveries made in this particular field of study and highlighting the fact that studying the molecular details of activation of the channel by different agonists can shed light on biophysical traits that had not been previously demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-555-622-56-24; Fax: +52-555-622-56-07
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11
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Ladrón-de-Guevara E, Dominguez L, Rangel-Yescas GE, Fernández-Velasco DA, Torres-Larios A, Rosenbaum T, Islas LD. The Contribution of the Ankyrin Repeat Domain of TRPV1 as a Thermal Module. Biophys J 2019; 118:836-845. [PMID: 31757360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The TRPV1 cation nonselective ion channel plays an essential role in thermosensation and perception of other noxious stimuli. TRPV1 can be activated by low extracellular pH, high temperature, or naturally occurring pungent molecules such as allicin, capsaicin, or resiniferatoxin. Its noxious thermal sensitivity makes it an important participant as a thermal sensor in mammals. However, details of the mechanism of channel activation by increases in temperature remain unclear. Here, we used a combination of approaches to try to understand the role of the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) in channel behavior. First, a computational modeling approach by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation of the whole TRPV1 embedded in a phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine membrane provides insight into the dynamics of this channel domain. Global analysis of the structural ensemble shows that the ARD is a region that sustains high fluctuations during dynamics at different temperatures. We then performed biochemical and thermal stability studies of the purified ARD by the means of circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence and demonstrate that this region undergoes structural changes at similar temperatures that lead to TRPV1 activation. Our data suggest that the ARD is a dynamic module and that it may participate in controlling the temperature sensitivity of TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Alfredo Torres-Larios
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leon D Islas
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Cowgill J, Chanda B. The contribution of voltage clamp fluorometry to the understanding of channel and transporter mechanisms. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:1163-1172. [PMID: 31431491 PMCID: PMC6785729 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cowgill and Chanda discuss the importance of voltage clamp fluorometry to the functional interpretation of ion channel and transporter structures. Key advances in single particle cryo-EM methods in the past decade have ushered in a resolution revolution in modern biology. The structures of many ion channels and transporters that were previously recalcitrant to crystallography have now been solved. Yet, despite having atomistic models of many complexes, some in multiple conformations, it has been challenging to glean mechanistic insight from these structures. To some extent this reflects our inability to unambiguously assign a given structure to a particular physiological state. One approach that may allow us to bridge this gap between structure and function is voltage clamp fluorometry (VCF). Using this technique, dynamic conformational changes can be measured while simultaneously monitoring the functional state of the channel or transporter. Many of the important papers that have used VCF to probe the gating mechanisms of channels and transporters have been published in the Journal of General Physiology. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of VCF and discuss some of the key problems that have been addressed using this approach. We end with a brief discussion of the outlook for this technique in the era of high-resolution structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cowgill
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Baron Chanda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI .,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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13
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Cristóbal-Mondragón GR, Lara-Chacón B, Santiago Á, De-la-Rosa V, González-González R, Muñiz-Luna JA, Ladrón-de-Guevara E, Romero-Romero S, Rangel-Yescas GE, Fernández Velasco DA, Islas LD, Pastor N, Sánchez-Olea R, Calera MR. FRET-based analysis and molecular modeling of the human GPN-loop GTPases 1 and 3 heterodimer unveils a dominant-negative protein complex. FEBS J 2019; 286:4797-4818. [PMID: 31298811 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
GPN-loop GTPases 1 and 3 are required for RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) nuclear import. Gpn1 and Gpn3 display some sequence similarity, physically associate, and their protein expression levels are mutually dependent in human cells. We performed here Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), molecular modeling, and cell biology experiments to understand, and eventually disrupt, human Gpn1-Gpn3 interaction in live HEK293-AD cells. Transiently expressed EYFP-Gpn1 and Gpn3-CFP generated a strong FRET signal, indicative of a very close proximity, in the cytoplasm of HEK293-AD cells. Molecular modeling of the human Gpn1-Gpn3 heterodimer based on the crystallographic structure of Npa3, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gpn1 ortholog, revealed that human Gpn1 and Gpn3 associate through a large interaction surface formed by internal α-helix 7, insertion 2, and the GPN-loop from each protein. In site-directed mutagenesis experiments of interface residues, we identified the W132D and M227D EYFP-Gpn1 mutants as defective to produce a FRET signal when coexpressed with Gpn3-CFP. Simultaneous but not individual expression of Gpn1 and Gpn3, with either or both proteins fused to EYFP, retained RNAPII in the cytoplasm and markedly inhibited global transcription in HEK293-AD cells. Interestingly, the W132D and M227D Gpn1 mutants that showed an impaired ability to interact with Gpn3 by FRET were also unable to delocalize RNAPII in this assay, indicating that an intact Gpn1-Gpn3 interaction is required to display the dominant-negative effect on endogenous Gpn1/Gpn3 function we described here. Altogether, our results suggest that a Gpn1-Gpn3 strong interaction is critical for their cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bárbara Lara-Chacón
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Ángel Santiago
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mor, México
| | - Víctor De-la-Rosa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | | | - Julio A Muñiz-Luna
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Ernesto Ladrón-de-Guevara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - Sergio Romero-Romero
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - Gisela E Rangel-Yescas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - Daniel Alejandro Fernández Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - León D Islas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, CDMX, México
| | - Nina Pastor
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mor, México
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Olea
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Mónica R Calera
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
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14
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Relative positioning of Kv11.1 (hERG) K + channel cytoplasmic domain-located fluorescent tags toward the plasma membrane. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15494. [PMID: 30341381 PMCID: PMC6195548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cryo-EM data have provided a view of the KCNH potassium channels molecular structures. However, some details about the cytoplasmic domains organization and specially their rearrangements associated to channel functionality are still lacking. Here we used the voltage-dependent dipicrylamine (DPA)-induced quench of fluorescent proteins (FPS) linked to different positions at the cytoplasmic domains of KCNH2 (hERG) to gain some insights about the coarse structure of these channel parts. Fast voltage-clamp fluorometry with HEK293 cells expressing membrane-anchored FPs under conditions in which only the plasma membrane potential is modified, demonstrated DPA voltage-dependent translocation and subsequent FRET-triggered FP quenching. Our data demonstrate for the first time that the distance between an amino-terminal FP tag and the intracellular plasma membrane surface is shorter than that between the membrane and a C-terminally-located tag. The distances varied when the FPs were attached to other positions along the channel cytoplasmic domains. In some cases, we also detected slower fluorometric responses following the fast voltage-dependent dye translocation, indicating subsequent label movements orthogonal to the plasma membrane. This finding suggests the existence of additional conformational rearrangements in the hERG cytoplasmic domains, although their association with specific aspects of channel operation remains to be established.
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15
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Sánchez-Moreno A, Guevara-Hernández E, Contreras-Cervera R, Rangel-Yescas G, Ladrón-de-Guevara E, Rosenbaum T, Islas LD. Irreversible temperature gating in trpv1 sheds light on channel activation. eLife 2018; 7:36372. [PMID: 29869983 PMCID: PMC5999395 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature-activated TRP channels or thermoTRPs are among the only proteins that can directly convert temperature changes into changes in channel open probability. In spite of a wealth of functional and structural information, the mechanism of temperature activation remains unknown. We have carefully characterized the repeated activation of TRPV1 by thermal stimuli and discovered a previously unknown inactivation process, which is irreversible. We propose that this form of gating in TRPV1 channels is a consequence of the heat absorption process that leads to channel opening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Guevara-Hernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, México City, México.,Instituto de Fisiología Celular, México City, México
| | | | | | | | | | - León D Islas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, México City, México
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16
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Ortíz-Rentería M, Juárez-Contreras R, González-Ramírez R, Islas LD, Sierra-Ramírez F, Llorente I, Simon SA, Hiriart M, Rosenbaum T, Morales-Lázaro SL. TRPV1 channels and the progesterone receptor Sig-1R interact to regulate pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1657-E1666. [PMID: 29378958 PMCID: PMC5816171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715972115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is expressed in nociceptors where, when activated by chemical or thermal stimuli, it functions as an important transducer of painful and itch-related stimuli. Although the interaction of TRPV1 with proteins that regulate its function has been previously explored, their modulation by chaperones has not been elucidated, as is the case for other mammalian TRP channels. Here we show that TRPV1 physically interacts with the Sigma 1 Receptor (Sig-1R), a chaperone that binds progesterone, an antagonist of Sig-1R and an important neurosteroid associated to the modulation of pain. Antagonism of Sig-1R by progesterone results in the down-regulation of TRPV1 expression in the plasma membrane of sensory neurons and, consequently, a decrease in capsaicin-induced nociceptive responses. This is observed both in males treated with a synthetic antagonist of Sig-1R and in pregnant females where progesterone levels are elevated. This constitutes a previously undescribed mechanism by which TRPV1-dependent nociception and pain can be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ortíz-Rentería
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rebeca Juárez-Contreras
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, 14080 Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, México
| | - León D Islas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Félix Sierra-Ramírez
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Itzel Llorente
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sidney A Simon
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tamara Rosenbaum
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sara L Morales-Lázaro
- Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México;
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17
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Howard RJ, Carnevale V, Delemotte L, Hellmich UA, Rothberg BS. Permeating disciplines: Overcoming barriers between molecular simulations and classical structure-function approaches in biological ion transport. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1860:927-942. [PMID: 29258839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ion translocation across biological barriers is a fundamental requirement for life. In many cases, controlling this process-for example with neuroactive drugs-demands an understanding of rapid and reversible structural changes in membrane-embedded proteins, including ion channels and transporters. Classical approaches to electrophysiology and structural biology have provided valuable insights into several such proteins over macroscopic, often discontinuous scales of space and time. Integrating these observations into meaningful mechanistic models now relies increasingly on computational methods, particularly molecular dynamics simulations, while surfacing important challenges in data management and conceptual alignment. Here, we seek to provide contemporary context, concrete examples, and a look to the future for bridging disciplinary gaps in biological ion transport. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Beyond the Structure-Function Horizon of Membrane Proteins edited by Ute Hellmich, Rupak Doshi and Benjamin McIlwain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Howard
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Vincenzo Carnevale
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Theoretical Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 17121 Solna, Sweden.
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Brad S Rothberg
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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18
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Ruigrok HJ, Shahid G, Goudeau B, Poulletier de Gannes F, Poque-Haro E, Hurtier A, Lagroye I, Vacher P, Arbault S, Sojic N, Veyret B, Percherancier Y. Full-Spectral Multiplexing of Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Three TRPV Channels. Biophys J 2017; 112:87-98. [PMID: 28076819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays were developed to monitor the activation of several functional transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in live cells and in real time. We probed both TRPV1 intramolecular rearrangements and its interaction with Calmodulin (CaM) under activation by chemical agonists and temperature. Our BRET study also confirmed that: (1) capsaicin and heat promoted distinct transitions, independently coupled to channel gating, and that (2) TRPV1 and Ca2+-bound CaM but not Ca2+-free CaM were preassociated in resting live cells, while capsaicin activation induced both the formation of more TRPV1/CaM complexes and conformational changes. The BRET assay, based on the interaction with Calmodulin, was successfully extended to TRPV3 and TRPV4 channels. We therefore developed a full-spectral three-color BRET assay for analyzing the specific activation of each of the three TRPV channels in a single sample. Such key improvement in BRET measurement paves the way for the simultaneous monitoring of independent biological pathways in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermanus Johannes Ruigrok
- Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Guillaume Shahid
- Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Bertrand Goudeau
- Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France; Institut des Sciences Moleculaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5255, NSYSA Group, ENSCBP, Pessac, France
| | - Florence Poulletier de Gannes
- Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Emmanuelle Poque-Haro
- Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Annabelle Hurtier
- Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Isabelle Lagroye
- Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France; Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Vacher
- Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1218, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France; Institut des Sciences Moleculaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5255, NSYSA Group, ENSCBP, Pessac, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France; Institut des Sciences Moleculaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5255, NSYSA Group, ENSCBP, Pessac, France
| | - Bernard Veyret
- Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Yann Percherancier
- Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.
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19
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De-la-Rosa V, Suárez-Delgado E, Rangel-Yescas GE, Islas LD. Currents through Hv1 channels deplete protons in their vicinity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 147:127-36. [PMID: 26809792 PMCID: PMC4727945 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proton channels have evolved to provide a pH regulatory mechanism, affording the extrusion of protons from the cytoplasm at all membrane potentials. Previous evidence has suggested that channel-mediated acid extrusion could significantly change the local concentration of protons in the vicinity of the channel. In this work, we directly measure the proton depletion caused by activation of Hv1 proton channels using patch-clamp fluorometry recordings from channels labeled with the Venus fluorescent protein at intracellular domains. The fluorescence of the Venus protein is very sensitive to pH, thus behaving as a genetically encoded sensor of local pH. Eliciting outward proton currents increases the fluorescence intensity of Venus. This dequenching is related to the magnitude of the current and not to channel gating and is dependent on the pH gradient. Our results provide direct evidence of local proton depletion caused by flux through the proton-selective channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor De-la-Rosa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México
| | - Esteban Suárez-Delgado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México
| | - Gisela E Rangel-Yescas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México
| | - León D Islas
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México
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20
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Exploring functional roles of TRPV1 intracellular domains with unstructured peptide-insertion screening. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33827. [PMID: 27666400 PMCID: PMC5035920 DOI: 10.1038/srep33827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 is a polymodal nociceptor for diverse physical and chemical stimuli that interact with different parts of the channel protein. Recent cryo-EM studies revealed detailed channel structures, opening the door for mapping structural elements mediating activation by each stimulus. Towards this goal, here we have combined unstructured peptide-insertion screening (UPS) with electrophysiological and fluorescence recordings to explore structural and functional roles of the intracellular regions of TRPV1 in mediating various activation stimuli. We found that most of the tightly packed protein regions did not tolerate structural perturbation by UPS when tested, indicating that structural integrity of the intracellular region is critical. In agreement with previous reports, Ca2+-dependent desensitization is strongly dependent on both intracellular N- and C-terminal domains; insertions of an unstructured peptide between these domains and the transmembrane core domain nearly eliminated Ca2+-dependent desensitization. In contrast, channel activations by capsaicin, low pH, divalent cations, and even heat are mostly intact in mutant channels containing the same insertions. These observations suggest that the transmembrane core domain of TRPV1, but not the intracellular domains, is responsible for sensing these stimuli.
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21
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Pacheco J, Dominguez L, Bohórquez-Hernández A, Asanov A, Vaca L. A cholesterol-binding domain in STIM1 modulates STIM1-Orai1 physical and functional interactions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29634. [PMID: 27459950 PMCID: PMC4962086 DOI: 10.1038/srep29634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
STIM1 and Orai1 are the main components of a widely conserved Calcium influx pathway known as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). STIM1 is a calcium sensor, which oligomerizes and activates Orai channels when calcium levels drop inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The series of molecular rearrangements that STIM1 undergoes until final activation of Orai1 require the direct exposure of the STIM1 domain known as SOAR (Stim Orai Activating Region). In addition to these complex molecular rearrangements, other constituents like lipids at the plasma membrane, play critical roles orchestrating SOCE. PI(4,5)P2 and enriched cholesterol microdomains have been shown as important signaling platforms that recruit the SOCE machinery in steps previous to Orai1 activation. However, little is known about the molecular role of cholesterol once SOCE is activated. In this study we provide clear evidence that STIM1 has a cholesterol-binding domain located inside the SOAR region and modulates Orai1 channels. We demonstrate a functional association of STIM1 and SOAR to cholesterol, indicating a close proximity of SOAR to the inner layer of the plasma membrane. In contrast, the depletion of cholesterol induces the SOAR detachment from the plasma membrane and enhances its association to Orai1. These results are recapitulated with full length STIM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pacheco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, México
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México DF 04510, México
| | - A Bohórquez-Hernández
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, México
| | | | - Luis Vaca
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, México
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22
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Zheng W, Qin F. A combined coarse-grained and all-atom simulation of TRPV1 channel gating and heat activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 145:443-56. [PMID: 25918362 PMCID: PMC4411258 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201411335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Coarse-grained modeling and all-atom molecular dynamics simulation provide insight into the mechanism for heat activation of TRPV1 gating. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels act as key sensors of various chemical and physical stimuli in eukaryotic cells. Despite years of study, the molecular mechanisms of TRP channel activation remain unclear. To elucidate the structural, dynamic, and energetic basis of gating in TRPV1 (a founding member of the TRPV subfamily), we performed coarse-grained modeling and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation based on the recently solved high resolution structures of the open and closed form of TRPV1. Our coarse-grained normal mode analysis captures two key modes of collective motions involved in the TRPV1 gating transition, featuring a quaternary twist motion of the transmembrane domains (TMDs) relative to the intracellular domains (ICDs). Our transition pathway modeling predicts a sequence of structural movements that propagate from the ICDs to the TMDs via key interface domains (including the membrane proximal domain and the C-terminal domain), leading to sequential opening of the selectivity filter followed by the lower gate in the channel pore (confirmed by modeling conformational changes induced by the activation of ICDs). The above findings of coarse-grained modeling are robust to perturbation by lipids. Finally, our MD simulation of the ICD identifies key residues that contribute differently to the nonpolar energy of the open and closed state, and these residues are predicted to control the temperature sensitivity of TRPV1 gating. These computational predictions offer new insights to the mechanism for heat activation of TRPV1 gating, and will guide our future electrophysiology and mutagenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Physics and Department of Physiology and Biophysical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Physics and Department of Physiology and Biophysical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260
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23
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Zagotta WN, Gordon MT, Senning EN, Munari MA, Gordon SE. Measuring distances between TRPV1 and the plasma membrane using a noncanonical amino acid and transition metal ion FRET. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 147:201-16. [PMID: 26755770 PMCID: PMC4727949 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal ion FRET between a noncanonical fluorescent amino acid incorporated into TRPV1 and metal ions bound to the cell plasma can be used to measure distances and dynamics between cytosolic domains of proteins and the membrane. Despite recent advances, the structure and dynamics of membrane proteins in cell membranes remain elusive. We implemented transition metal ion fluorescence resonance energy transfer (tmFRET) to measure distances between sites on the N-terminal ankyrin repeat domains (ARDs) of the pain-transducing ion channel TRPV1 and the intracellular surface of the plasma membrane. To preserve the native context, we used unroofed cells, and to specifically label sites in TRPV1, we incorporated a fluorescent, noncanonical amino acid, L-ANAP. A metal chelating lipid was used to decorate the plasma membrane with high-density/high-affinity metal-binding sites. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiencies between L-ANAP in TRPV1 and Co2+ bound to the plasma membrane were consistent with the arrangement of the ARDs in recent cryoelectron microscopy structures of TRPV1. No change in tmFRET was observed with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. These results demonstrate the power of tmFRET for measuring structure and rearrangements of membrane proteins relative to the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Zagotta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Moshe T Gordon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Eric N Senning
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Mika A Munari
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Sharona E Gordon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Pérez-Flores G, Lévesque SA, Pacheco J, Vaca L, Lacroix S, Pérez-Cornejo P, Arreola J. The P2X7/P2X4 interaction shapes the purinergic response in murine macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:484-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ferrandiz-Huertas C, Mathivanan S, Wolf CJ, Devesa I, Ferrer-Montiel A. Trafficking of ThermoTRP Channels. MEMBRANES 2014; 4:525-64. [PMID: 25257900 PMCID: PMC4194048 DOI: 10.3390/membranes4030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ThermoTRP channels (thermoTRPs) define a subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that are activated by changes in the environmental temperature, from noxious cold to injurious heat. Acting as integrators of several stimuli and signalling pathways, dysfunction of these channels contributes to several pathological states. The surface expression of thermoTRPs is controlled by both, the constitutive and regulated vesicular trafficking. Modulation of receptor surface density during pathological processes is nowadays considered as an interesting therapeutic approach for management of diseases, such as chronic pain, in which an increased trafficking is associated with the pathological state. This review will focus on the recent advances trafficking of the thermoTRP channels, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4, TRPM3, TRPM8 and TRPA1, into/from the plasma membrane. Particularly, regulated membrane insertion of thermoTRPs channels contributes to a fine tuning of final channel activity, and indeed, it has resulted in the development of novel therapeutic approaches with successful clinical results such as disruption of SNARE-dependent exocytosis by botulinum toxin or botulinomimetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sakthikumar Mathivanan
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Christoph Jakob Wolf
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Isabel Devesa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante 03202, Spain.
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Abstract
TRPV1 is a well-characterised channel expressed by a subset of peripheral sensory neurons involved in pain sensation and also at a number of other neuronal and non-neuronal sites in the mammalian body. Functionally, TRPV1 acts as a sensor for noxious heat (greater than ~42 °C). It can also be activated by some endogenous lipid-derived molecules, acidic solutions (pH < 6.5) and some pungent chemicals and food ingredients such as capsaicin, as well as by toxins such as resiniferatoxin and vanillotoxins. Structurally, TRPV1 subunits have six transmembrane (TM) domains with intracellular N- (containing 6 ankyrin-like repeats) and C-termini and a pore region between TM5 and TM6 containing sites that are important for channel activation and ion selectivity. The N- and C- termini have residues and regions that are sites for phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and PI(4,5)P2 binding, which regulate TRPV1 sensitivity and membrane insertion. The channel has several interacting proteins, some of which (e.g. AKAP79/150) are important for TRPV1 phosphorylation. Four TRPV1 subunits form a non-selective, outwardly rectifying ion channel permeable to monovalent and divalent cations with a single-channel conductance of 50-100 pS. TRPV1 channel kinetics reveal multiple open and closed states, and several models for channel activation by voltage, ligand binding and temperature have been proposed. Studies with TRPV1 agonists and antagonists and Trpv1 (-/-) mice have suggested a role for TRPV1 in pain, thermoregulation and osmoregulation, as well as in cough and overactive bladder. TRPV1 antagonists have advanced to clinical trials where findings of drug-induced hyperthermia and loss of heat sensitivity have raised questions about the viability of this therapeutic approach.
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Flynn R, Chapman K, Iftinca M, Aboushousha R, Varela D, Altier C. Targeting the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) assembly domain attenuates inflammation-induced hypersensitivity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16675-87. [PMID: 24808184 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.558668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel expressed in sensory neurons of the dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. TRPV1 is a polymodal channel activated by noxious heat, capsaicin, and protons. As a sensor for noxious stimuli, TRPV1 channel has been described as a key contributor to pain signaling. To form a functional channel, TRPV1 subunits must assemble into tetramers, and several studies have identified the TRPV1 C terminus as an essential element in subunit association. Here we combined biochemical assays with electrophysiology and imaging-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) in live cells to identify a short motif in the C-terminal tail of the TRPV1 subunit that governs channel assembly. Removing this region through early truncation or targeted deletion results in loss of subunit association and channel function. Importantly, we found that interfering with TRPV1 subunit association using a plasma membrane-tethered peptide attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity in two mouse models of inflammatory hyperalgesia. This represents a novel mechanism to disrupt TRPV1 subunit assembly and hence may offer a new analgesic tool for pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Flynn
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
| | - Kevin Chapman
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
| | - Mircea Iftinca
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
| | - Diego Varela
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Celula and Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380453, Chile
| | - Christophe Altier
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada and
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28
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Steinberg X, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Brauchi S. A structural view of ligand-dependent activation in thermoTRP channels. Front Physiol 2014; 5:171. [PMID: 24847275 PMCID: PMC4017155 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins are a large family of ion channels, grouped into seven sub-families. Although great advances have been made regarding the activation and modulation of TRP channel activity, detailed molecular mechanisms governing TRP channel gating are still needed. Sensitive to electric, chemical, mechanical, and thermal cues, TRP channels are tightly associated with the detection and integration of sensory input, emerging as a model to study the polymodal activation of ion channel proteins. Among TRP channels, the temperature-activated kind constitute a subgroup by itself, formed by Vanilloid receptors 1–4, Melastatin receptors 2, 4, 5, and 8, TRPC5, and TRPA1. Some of the so-called “thermoTRP” channels participate in the detection of noxious stimuli making them an interesting pharmacological target for the treatment of pain. However, the poor specificity of the compounds available in the market represents an important obstacle to overcome. Understanding the molecular mechanics underlying ligand-dependent modulation of TRP channels may help with the rational design of novel synthetic analgesics. The present review focuses on the structural basis of ligand-dependent activation of TRPV1 and TRPM8 channels. Special attention is drawn to the dissection of ligand-binding sites within TRPV1, PIP2-dependent modulation of TRP channels, and the structure of natural and synthetic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Steinberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile ; Faculty of Sciences, Graduate School, Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Brauchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Universidad Austral de Chile Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
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29
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Abstract
Membrane proteins remain challenging targets for structural biologists, despite recent technical developments regarding sample preparation and structure determination. We review recent progress towards a structural understanding of TRP channels and the techniques used to that end. We discuss available low-resolution structures from electron microscopy (EM), X-ray crystallography, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and review the resulting insights into TRP channel function for various subfamily members. The recent high-resolution structure of TRPV1 is discussed in more detail in Chapter 11. We also consider the opportunities and challenges of using the accumulating structural information on TRPs and homologous proteins for deducing full-length structures of different TRP channel subfamilies, such as building homology models. Finally, we close by summarizing the outlook of the "holy grail" of understanding in atomic detail the diverse functions of TRP channels.
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Cohen MR, Moiseenkova-Bell VY. Structure of thermally activated TRP channels. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2014; 74:181-211. [PMID: 25366237 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800181-3.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperature sensation is important for adaptation and survival of organisms. While temperature has the potential to affect all biological macromolecules, organisms have evolved specific thermosensitive molecular detectors that are able to transduce temperature changes into physiologically relevant signals. Among these thermosensors are ion channels from the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. Prime candidates include TRPV1-4, TRPA1, and TRPM8 (the so-called "thermoTRP" channels), which are expressed in sensory neurons and gated at specific temperatures. Electrophysiological and thermodynamic approaches have been employed to determine the nature by which thermoTRPs detect temperature and couple temperature changes to channel gating. To further understand how thermoTRPs sense temperature, high-resolution structures of full-length thermoTRPs channels will be required. Here, we will discuss current progress in unraveling the structures of thermoTRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are structurally similar to other tetrameric cation channels, but can be potently activated by heat. Recent studies suggest that the pore-forming region directly participates in activation gating. In this chapter, we summarize major findings from both structural and functional studies concerning the gating role of the pore region, focusing in particular on TRPV1. The emerging picture is that the peripheral S1-S4 region of TRPV1 is rigid and plays a supporting role for the pore to undergo conformational rearrangements. This places the pore region in the center of activation gating.
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