1
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Shah P, Hill R, Dion C, Clark SJ, Abakir A, Willems J, Arends MJ, Garaycoechea JI, Leitch HG, Reik W, Crossan GP. Primordial germ cell DNA demethylation and development require DNA translesion synthesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3734. [PMID: 38702312 PMCID: PMC11068800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in DNA damage response (DDR) factors are associated with human infertility, which affects up to 15% of the population. The DDR is required during germ cell development and meiosis. One pathway implicated in human fertility is DNA translesion synthesis (TLS), which allows replication impediments to be bypassed. We find that TLS is essential for pre-meiotic germ cell development in the embryo. Loss of the central TLS component, REV1, significantly inhibits the induction of human PGC-like cells (hPGCLCs). This is recapitulated in mice, where deficiencies in TLS initiation (Rev1-/- or PcnaK164R/K164R) or extension (Rev7 -/-) result in a > 150-fold reduction in the number of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and complete sterility. In contrast, the absence of TLS does not impact the growth, function, or homeostasis of somatic tissues. Surprisingly, we find a complete failure in both activation of the germ cell transcriptional program and in DNA demethylation, a critical step in germline epigenetic reprogramming. Our findings show that for normal fertility, DNA repair is required not only for meiotic recombination but for progression through the earliest stages of germ cell development in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Shah
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Ross Hill
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Camille Dion
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Stephen J Clark
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Abdulkadir Abakir
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jeroen Willems
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Juan I Garaycoechea
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry G Leitch
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Wolf Reik
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Gerry P Crossan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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2
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li W, Yao M, Liu C, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang X, Meng K. Research progress of the Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:570-585. [PMID: 37669135 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia pathway is a key pathway involved in the repair of deoxyribonucleic acidinterstrand crosslinking damage, which chiefly includes the following four modules: lesion recognition, Fanconi anemia core complex recruitment, FANCD2-FANCI complex monoubiquitination, and downstream events (nucleolytic incision, translesion synthesis, and homologous recombination). Mutations or deletions of multiple Fanconi anemia genes in this pathway can damage the interstrand crosslinking repair pathway and disrupt primordial germ cell development and oocyte meiosis, thereby leading to abnormal follicular development. Premature ovarian insufficiency is a gynecological clinical syndrome characterized by amenorrhea and decreased fertility due to decreased oocyte pool, accelerated follicle atresia, and loss of ovarian function in women <40 years old. Furthermore, in recent years, several studies have detected mutations in the Fanconi anemia gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. In addition, some patients with Fanconi anemia exhibit symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. The Fanconi anemia pathway and premature ovarian insufficiency are closely associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chuqi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Second Clinical Medical, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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3
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Shimada Y, Kato T, Sakurai Y, Watanabe H, Nonaka M, Nanaura N, Ichinoe M, Murakumo Y. Identification of the promoter region regulating the transcription of the REV7 gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 662:8-17. [PMID: 37094431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
REV7 is involved in various biological processes including DNA repair and mutagenesis, cell cycle regulation, gene transcription, and carcinogenesis. REV7 is highly expressed in adult testicular germ cells as well as several malignant tumors. REV7 expression levels are associated with prognosis in several human cancers, however, the mechanism of REV7 transcriptional regulation has not been elucidated. In this study, we characterized the promoter region of the REV7 gene. A luciferase reporter assay using the human germ cell tumor cell line NEC8 was utilized to examine the upstream genomic region of REV7 for transcriptional activity, and two transcriptional activation regions were identified. We determined a small genomic region important for transcriptional activation using site-directed mutagenesis; this region is shared by several putative binding motifs for transcription factors, including the cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM), cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (BLIMP-1). Exogenous CREM and CREB expression had no effect on the transcriptional activity in NEC8 cells or the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293T. In contrast, exogenous BLIMP-1 expression increased luciferase reporter activity in HEK293T cells but unexpectedly decreased activity in NEC8 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that BLIMP-1 binds to the genomic region near the binding motif in the REV7 promoter. Additionally, BLIMP-1 overexpression promoted endogenous REV7 expression in HEK293T cells. These findings suggest that BLIMP-1 may be a putative transcriptional regulator of REV7 in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Hitoe Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Mayu Nonaka
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nanaura
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
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4
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Voulgaridou GP, Theologidis V, Venetikidou M, Tsochantaridis I, Tsolou A, Koffa M, Panayiotidis MI, Pappa A. Investigating the Functional Roles of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 3A1 in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065845. [PMID: 36982917 PMCID: PMC10056195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 (ALDH3A1) oxidizes medium-chain aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. It is expressed at high rates in the human cornea, where it has been characterized as a multi-functional protein displaying various cytoprotective modes of action. Previous studies identified its association with the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Here, we utilized a stable transfected HCE-2 (human corneal epithelium) cell line expressing ALDH3A1, to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective role(s) of ALDH3A1. Our data revealed morphological differences among the ALDH3A1-expressing and the mock-transfected HCE-2 cells accompanied by differential expression of E-cadherin. Similarly, the ALDH3A1/HCE-2 cells demonstrated higher mobility, reduced proliferation, upregulation of ZEB1, and downregulation of CDK3, and p57. The expression of ALDH3A1 also affected cell cycle progression by inducing the sequestration of HCE-2 cells at the G2/M phase. Following 16 h cell treatments with either H2O2 or etoposide, a significantly lower percentage of ALDH3A1/HCE-2 cells were apoptotic compared to the respective treated mock/HCE-2 cells. Interestingly, the protective effect of ALDH3A1 expression under these oxidative and genotoxic conditions was accompanied by a reduced formation of γ-H2AX foci and higher levels of total and phospho (Ser15) p53. Finally, ALDH3A1 was found to be localized both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of transfected HCE-2 cells. Its cellular compartmentalization was not affected by oxidant treatment, while the mechanism by which ALDH3A1 translocates to the nucleus remains unknown. In conclusion, ALDH3A1 protects cells from both apoptosis and DNA damage by interacting with key homeostatic mechanisms associated with cellular morphology, cell cycle, and DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Persephoni Voulgaridou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasileios Theologidis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Venetikidou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ilias Tsochantaridis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Avgi Tsolou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Koffa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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5
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REV7 in Cancer Biology and Management. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061721. [PMID: 36980607 PMCID: PMC10046837 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA repair and cell cycle regulation are potential biological fields to develop molecular targeting therapies for cancer. Human REV7 was originally discovered as a homologous molecule to yeast Rev7, which is involved in DNA damage response and mutagenesis, and as the second homolog of yeast Mad2, involved in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Although REV7 principally functions in the fields of DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, many binding partners of REV7 have been identified using comprehensive analyses in the past decade, and the significance of REV7 is expanding in various other biological fields, such as gene transcription, epigenetics, primordial germ cell survival, neurogenesis, intracellular signaling, and microbial infection. In addition, the clinical significance of REV7 has been demonstrated in studies using human cancer tissues, and investigations in cancer cell lines and animal models have revealed the greater impacts of REV7 in cancer biology, which makes it an attractive target molecule for cancer management. This review focuses on the functions of REV7 in human cancer and discusses the utility of REV7 for cancer management with a summary of the recent development of inhibitors targeting REV7.
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6
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Riera-Escamilla A, Vockel M, Nagirnaja L, Xavier MJ, Carbonell A, Moreno-Mendoza D, Pybus M, Farnetani G, Rosta V, Cioppi F, Friedrich C, Oud MS, van der Heijden GW, Soave A, Diemer T, Ars E, Sánchez-Curbelo J, Kliesch S, O’Bryan MK, Ruiz-Castañe E, Azorín F, Veltman JA, Aston KI, Conrad DF, Tüttelmann F, Krausz C. Large-scale analyses of the X chromosome in 2,354 infertile men discover recurrently affected genes associated with spermatogenic failure. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1458-1471. [PMID: 35809576 PMCID: PMC9388793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the evolutionary history of the X chromosome indicates its specialization in male fitness, its role in spermatogenesis has largely been unexplored. Currently only three X chromosome genes are considered of moderate-definitive diagnostic value. We aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of all X chromosome-linked protein-coding genes in 2,354 azoospermic/cryptozoospermic men from four independent cohorts. Genomic data were analyzed and compared with data in normozoospermic control individuals and gnomAD. While updating the clinical significance of known genes, we propose 21 recurrently mutated genes strongly associated with and 34 moderately associated with azoospermia/cryptozoospermia not previously linked to male infertility (novel). The most frequently affected prioritized gene, RBBP7, was found mutated in ten men across all cohorts, and our functional studies in Drosophila support its role in germ stem cell maintenance. Collectively, our study represents a significant step towards the definition of the missing genetic etiology in idiopathic severe spermatogenic failure and significantly reduces the knowledge gap of X-linked genetic causes of azoospermia/cryptozoospermia contributing to the development of future diagnostic gene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Riera-Escamilla
- Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matthias Vockel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Liina Nagirnaja
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Miguel J. Xavier
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Albert Carbonell
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, CSIC, Baldiri Reixac, 4, Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain,Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Moreno-Mendoza
- Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025 Catalonia, Spain,Department of Urology, Hospital del Oriente de Asturias, Arriondas, 33540 Asturias, Spain
| | - Marc Pybus
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08025 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ginevra Farnetani
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Viktoria Rosta
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Francesca Cioppi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Corinna Friedrich
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Manon S. Oud
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525, the Netherlands
| | | | - Armin Soave
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Thorsten Diemer
- Clinic for Urology, Paediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen 35392, Germany
| | - Elisabet Ars
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08025 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josvany Sánchez-Curbelo
- Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Moira K. O’Bryan
- The School of BioScience that the Bio21 Institute, The Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Eduard Ruiz-Castañe
- Andrology Department, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025 Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Azorín
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona, CSIC, Baldiri Reixac, 4, Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain,Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, Barcelona, 08028 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joris A. Veltman
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kenneth I. Aston
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Donald F. Conrad
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Csilla Krausz
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences Mario Serio, University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy,Corresponding author
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7
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de Krijger I, Boersma V, Jacobs JJL. REV7: Jack of many trades. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:686-701. [PMID: 33962851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The HORMA domain protein REV7, also known as MAD2L2, interacts with a variety of proteins and thereby contributes to the establishment of different complexes. With doing so, REV7 impacts a diverse range of cellular processes and gained increasing interest as more of its activities became uncovered. REV7 has important roles in translesion synthesis and mitotic progression, and acts as a central component in the recently discovered shieldin complex that operates in DNA double-strand break repair. Here we discuss the roles of REV7 in its various complexes, focusing on its activity in genome integrity maintenance. Moreover, we will describe current insights on REV7 structural features that allow it to be such a versatile protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge de Krijger
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Boersma
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J L Jacobs
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Animal models of Fanconi anemia: A developmental and therapeutic perspective on a multifaceted disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 113:113-131. [PMID: 33558144 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, and increased susceptibility to cancer. FA animal models have been useful to understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Herein, we review FA developmental models that have been developed to simulate human FA, focusing on zebrafish and mouse models. We summarize the recapitulated phenotypes observed in these in vivo models including bone, gametogenesis and sterility defects, as well as marrow failure. We also discuss the relevance of aldehydes in pathogenesis of FA, emphasizing on hematopoietic defects. In addition, we provide a summary of potential therapeutic agents, such as aldehyde scavengers, TGFβ inhibitors, and gene therapy for FA. The diversity of FA animal models makes them useful for understanding FA etiology and allows the discovery of new therapies.
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9
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Structure and mechanism of B-family DNA polymerase ζ specialized for translesion DNA synthesis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:913-924. [PMID: 32807989 PMCID: PMC7554088 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerase ζ (Polζ) belongs to the same B-family as high-fidelity replicative polymerases, yet is specialized for the extension reaction in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Despite its importance in TLS, the structure of Polζ is unknown. We present cryo-EM structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Polζ holoenzyme in the act of DNA synthesis (3.1 Å) and without DNA (4.1 Å). Polζ displays a pentameric ring-like architecture, with catalytic Rev3, accessory Pol31' Pol32 and two Rev7 subunits forming an uninterrupted daisy chain of protein-protein interactions. We also uncover the features that impose high fidelity during the nucleotide-incorporation step and those that accommodate mismatches and lesions during the extension reaction. Collectively, we decrypt the molecular underpinnings of Polζ's role in TLS and provide a framework for new cancer therapeutics.
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10
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Sakurai Y, Ichinoe M, Yoshida K, Nakazato Y, Saito S, Satoh M, Nakada N, Sanoyama I, Umezawa A, Numata Y, Shi-Xu J, Ichihara M, Takahashi M, Murakumo Y. Inactivation of REV7 enhances chemosensitivity and overcomes acquired chemoresistance in testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:100-110. [PMID: 32553781 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
REV7 is a multitasking protein involved in replication past DNA lesions, cell cycle regulation, and gene expression. REV7 is highly expressed in the adult testis and plays an essential role in primordial germ cell maintenance in mice. In this study, we analyzed whether REV7 can be a molecular target for the treatment of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), in which acquired chemoresistance is a major cause of treatment failure. Strong expression of REV7 was detected in human TGCT tissues by immunohistochemistry. REV7 depletion in the TGCT cell lines suppressed cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that REV7 depletion downregulated genes in the DNA repair gene set and upregulated genes in the apoptosis gene set. REV7 depletion-provoked chemosensitivity was associated with DNA double-strand break accumulation and apoptosis activation. In addition, inactivation of REV7 in cisplatin-resistant TGCT cells recovered chemosensitivity at almost equal levels as parental cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate that inactivation of REV7 enhances chemosensitivity and overcomes chemoresistance in TGCT cells, suggesting REV7 as a potential therapeutic target in chemoresistant TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Sakurai
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakazato
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shoji Saito
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nakada
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Itaru Sanoyama
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Atsuko Umezawa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Numata
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Jiang Shi-Xu
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ichihara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
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11
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Nishino R, Petri S, Handel MA, Kunieda T, Fujiwara Y. Hybrid Sterility with Meiotic Metaphase Arrest in Intersubspecific Mouse Crosses. J Hered 2019; 110:183-193. [PMID: 30452700 PMCID: PMC6399516 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although organisms belonging to different species and subspecies sometimes produce fertile offspring, a hallmark of the speciation process is reproductive isolation, characterized by hybrid sterility (HS) due to failure in gametogenesis. In mammals, HS is usually exhibited by males, the heterogametic sex. The phenotypic manifestations of HS are complex. The most frequently observed are abnormalities in both autosomal and sex chromosome interactions that are linked to meiotic prophase arrest or postmeiotic spermiogenesis aberrations and lead to defective or absent gametes. The aim of this study was to determine the HS phenotypes in intersubspecific F1 mice produced by matings between Mus musculus molossinus-derived strains and diverse Mus musculus domesticus-inbred laboratory mouse strains. Most of these crosses produced fertile F1 offspring. However, when female BALB/cJ (domesticus) mice were mated to male JF1/MsJ (molossinus) mice, the (BALBdomxJF1mol)F1 males were sterile, whereas the (JF1molxBALBdom)F1 males produced by the reciprocal crossings were fertile; thus the sterility phenotype was asymmetric. The sterile (BALBdomxJF1mol) F1 males exhibited a high rate of meiotic metaphase arrest with misaligned chromosomes, probably related to a high frequency of XY dissociation. Intriguingly, in the sterile (BALBdomxJF1mol)F1 males we observed aberrant allele-specific expression of several meiotic genes, that play critical roles in important meiotic events including chromosome pairing. Together, these observations of an asymmetrical HS phenotype in intersubspecific F1 males, probably owing to meiotic defects in the meiotic behavior of the XY chromosomes pair and possibly also transcriptional misregulation of meiotic genes, provide new models and directions for understanding speciation mechanisms in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Nishino
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Joso, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, Japan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Development, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Ghezraoui H, Oliveira C, Becker JR, Bilham K, Moralli D, Anzilotti C, Fischer R, Deobagkar-Lele M, Sanchiz-Calvo M, Fueyo-Marcos E, Bonham S, Kessler BM, Rottenberg S, Cornall RJ, Green CM, Chapman JR. 53BP1 cooperation with the REV7-shieldin complex underpins DNA structure-specific NHEJ. Nature 2018; 560:122-127. [PMID: 30046110 PMCID: PMC6989217 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
53BP1 governs a specialized, context-specific branch of the classical non-homologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Mice lacking 53bp1 (also known as Trp53bp1) are immunodeficient owing to a complete loss of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination1,2, and reduced fidelity of long-range V(D)J recombination3. The 53BP1-dependent pathway is also responsible for pathological joining events at dysfunctional telomeres4, and its unrestricted activity in Brca1-deficient cellular and tumour models causes genomic instability and oncogenesis5-7. Cells that lack core non-homologous end joining proteins are profoundly radiosensitive8, unlike 53BP1-deficient cells9,10, which suggests that 53BP1 and its co-factors act on specific DNA substrates. Here we show that 53BP1 cooperates with its downstream effector protein REV7 to promote non-homologous end joining during class-switch recombination, but REV7 is not required for 53BP1-dependent V(D)J recombination. We identify shieldin-a four-subunit putative single-stranded DNA-binding complex comprising REV7, c20orf196 (SHLD1), FAM35A (SHLD2) and FLJ26957 (SHLD3)-as the factor that explains this specificity. Shieldin is essential for REV7-dependent DNA end-protection and non-homologous end joining during class-switch recombination, and supports toxic non-homologous end joining in Brca1-deficient cells, yet is dispensable for REV7-dependent interstrand cross-link repair. The 53BP1 pathway therefore comprises distinct double-strand break repair activities within chromatin and single-stranded DNA compartments, which explains both the immunological differences between 53bp1- and Rev7- deficient mice and the context specificity of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Ghezraoui
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catarina Oliveira
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordan R Becker
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kirstin Bilham
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniela Moralli
- Chromosome Dynamics, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Consuelo Anzilotti
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mukta Deobagkar-Lele
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sanchiz-Calvo
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Fueyo-Marcos
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Bonham
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine M Green
- Chromosome Dynamics, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Ross Chapman
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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13
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Fujii N. Potential Strategies to Target Protein-Protein Interactions in the DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9932-9959. [PMID: 28654754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses some insights about generating novel mechanistic inhibitors of the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathways by focusing on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of the key DDR components. General requirements for PPI strategies, such as selecting the target PPI site on the basis of its functionality, are discussed first. Next, on the basis of functional rationale and biochemical feasibility to identify a PPI inhibitor, 26 PPIs in DDR pathways (BER, MMR, NER, NHEJ, HR, TLS, and ICL repair) are specifically discussed for inhibitor discovery to benefit cancer therapies using a DNA-damaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Fujii
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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14
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Nikolova T, Roos WP, Krämer OH, Strik HM, Kaina B. Chloroethylating nitrosoureas in cancer therapy: DNA damage, repair and cell death signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:29-39. [PMID: 28143714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chloroethylating nitrosoureas (CNU), such as lomustine, nimustine, semustine, carmustine and fotemustine are used for the treatment of malignant gliomas, brain metastases of different origin, melanomas and Hodgkin disease. They alkylate the DNA bases and give rise to the formation of monoadducts and subsequently interstrand crosslinks (ICL). ICL are critical cytotoxic DNA lesions that link the DNA strands covalently and block DNA replication and transcription. As a result, S phase progression is inhibited and cells are triggered to undergo apoptosis and necrosis, which both contribute to the effectiveness of CNU-based cancer therapy. However, tumor cells resist chemotherapy through the repair of CNU-induced DNA damage. The suicide enzyme O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes the precursor DNA lesion O6-chloroethylguanine prior to its conversion into ICL. In cells lacking MGMT, the formed ICL evoke complex enzymatic networks to accomplish their removal. Here we discuss the mechanism of ICL repair as a survival strategy of healthy and cancer cells and DNA damage signaling as a mechanism contributing to CNU-induced cell death. We also discuss therapeutic implications and strategies based on sequential and simultaneous treatment with CNU and the methylating drug temozolomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Nikolova
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Wynand P Roos
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Herwig M Strik
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Baldinger Strasse, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Reproductive engineering techniques are essential for assisted reproduction of animals
and generation of genetically modified animals. They may also provide invaluable research
models for understanding the mechanisms involved in the developmental and reproductive
processes. At the RIKEN BioResource Center (BRC), I have sought to develop new
reproductive engineering techniques, especially those related to cryopreservation,
microinsemination (sperm injection), nuclear transfer, and generation of new stem cell
lines and animals, hoping that they will support the present and future projects at BRC. I
also want to combine our techniques with genetic and biochemical analyses to solve
important biological questions. We expect that this strategy makes our research more
unique and refined by providing deeper insights into the mechanisms that govern the
reproductive and developmental systems in mammals. To make this strategy more effective,
it is critical to work with experts in different scientific fields. I have enjoyed
collaborations with about 100 world-recognized laboratories, and all our collaborations
have been successful and fruitful. This review summarizes development of reproductive
engineering techniques at BRC during these 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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16
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Bluteau D, Masliah-Planchon J, Clairmont C, Rousseau A, Ceccaldi R, Dubois d'Enghien C, Bluteau O, Cuccuini W, Gachet S, Peffault de Latour R, Leblanc T, Socié G, Baruchel A, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, D'Andrea AD, Soulier J. Biallelic inactivation of REV7 is associated with Fanconi anemia. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3580-4. [PMID: 27500492 DOI: 10.1172/jci88010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a recessive genetic disease characterized by congenital abnormalities, chromosome instability, progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), and a strong predisposition to cancer. Twenty FA genes have been identified, and the FANC proteins they encode cooperate in a common pathway that regulates DNA crosslink repair and replication fork stability. We identified a child with severe BMF who harbored biallelic inactivating mutations of the translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) gene REV7 (also known as MAD2L2), which encodes the mutant REV7 protein REV7-V85E. Patient-derived cells demonstrated an extended FA phenotype, which included increased chromosome breaks and G2/M accumulation upon exposure to DNA crosslinking agents, γH2AX and 53BP1 foci accumulation, and enhanced p53/p21 activation relative to cells derived from healthy patients. Expression of WT REV7 restored normal cellular and functional phenotypes in the patient's cells, and CRISPR/Cas9 inactivation of REV7 in a non-FA human cell line produced an FA phenotype. Finally, silencing Rev7 in primary hematopoietic cells impaired progenitor function, suggesting that the DNA repair defect underlies the development of BMF in FA. Taken together, our genetic and functional analyses identified REV7 as a previously undescribed FA gene, which we term FANCV.
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17
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Actis ML, Ambaye ND, Evison BJ, Shao Y, Vanarotti M, Inoue A, McDonald ET, Kikuchi S, Heath R, Hara K, Hashimoto H, Fujii N. Identification of the first small-molecule inhibitor of the REV7 DNA repair protein interaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4339-4346. [PMID: 27448776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair (ICLR) has been implicated in the resistance of cancer cells to ICL-inducing chemotherapeutic agents. Despite the clinical significance of ICL-inducing chemotherapy, few studies have focused on developing small-molecule inhibitors for ICLR. The mammalian DNA polymerase ζ, which comprises the catalytic subunit REV3L and the non-catalytic subunit REV7, is essential for ICLR. To identify small-molecule compounds that are mechanistically capable of inhibiting ICLR by targeting REV7, high-throughput screening and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis were performed. Compound 1 was identified as an inhibitor of the interaction of REV7 with the REV7-binding sequence of REV3L. Compound 7 (an optimized analog of compound 1) bound directly to REV7 in nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, and inhibited the reactivation of a reporter plasmid containing an ICL in between the promoter and reporter regions. The normalized clonogenic survival of HeLa cells treated with cisplatin and compound 7 was lower than that for cells treated with cisplatin only. These findings indicate that a small-molecule inhibitor of the REV7/REV3L interaction can chemosensitize cells by inhibiting ICLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L Actis
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nigus D Ambaye
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin J Evison
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Youming Shao
- Protein Production Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Murugendra Vanarotti
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Akira Inoue
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ezelle T McDonald
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sotaro Kikuchi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Richard Heath
- Protein Production Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kodai Hara
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashimoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoaki Fujii
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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18
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Abbasi A, Khalaj M, Akiyama K, Mukai Y, Matsumoto H, Acosta TJ, Said N, Yoshida M, Kunieda T. Lack of Rev7 function results in development of tubulostromal adenomas in mouse ovary. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:19-25. [PMID: 26004212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rev7 is a subunit of Polζ, one of the translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) polymerases involved in DNA damage repair. We recently found that Rev7 is also essential for germ cell development in mouse. In the present study, we found the development of ovarian tumors in Rev7 mutant mouse, suggesting the involvement of TLS deficiency in the etiology of ovarian tumor. The Rev7 mutant mice showed complete lack of oocytes and follicles in the ovary. The lack of follicles causes a significant increase of gonadotropin level and an increase in the proliferation of ovarian cells. As a result, the weight of the ovaries of Rev7 mutant mice increased with age and they developed tubulostromal adenomas. However, the remarkable overgrowth of ovaries occurred after gonadotropin level decreases at older ages, suggesting gonadotropin-independent progression of the ovarian tumors. In addition, the Rev7 mutant fibroblasts and ovarian cells showed significant accumulation of DNA damage. These findings suggest that not only increased gonadotropin levels but also lack of DNA damage repair function could be responsible for the development of ovarian tumors in the Rev7 mutant mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrahim Abbasi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maryam Khalaj
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kouyou Akiyama
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mukai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomas J Acosta
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Neveen Said
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0422, USA
| | - Midori Yoshida
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kamiyoga, Setagaya, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kunieda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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19
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Xu G, Chapman JR, Brandsma I, Yuan J, Mistrik M, Bouwman P, Bartkova J, Gogola E, Warmerdam D, Barazas M, Jaspers JE, Watanabe K, Pieterse M, Kersbergen A, Sol W, Celie PHN, Schouten PC, van den Broek B, Salman A, Nieuwland M, de Rink I, de Ronde J, Jalink K, Boulton SJ, Chen J, van Gent DC, Bartek J, Jonkers J, Borst P, Rottenberg S. REV7 counteracts DNA double-strand break resection and affects PARP inhibition. Nature 2015; 521:541-544. [PMID: 25799992 PMCID: PMC4671316 DOI: 10.1038/nature14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is achieved by homologous recombination (HR), and BRCA1 is an important factor for this repair pathway. In the absence of BRCA1-mediated HR, the administration of PARP inhibitors induces synthetic lethality of tumour cells of patients with breast or ovarian cancers. Despite the benefit of this tailored therapy, drug resistance can occur by HR restoration. Genetic reversion of BRCA1-inactivating mutations can be the underlying mechanism of drug resistance, but this does not explain resistance in all cases. In particular, little is known about BRCA1-independent restoration of HR. Here we show that loss of REV7 (also known as MAD2L2) in mouse and human cell lines re-establishes CTIP-dependent end resection of DSBs in BRCA1-deficient cells, leading to HR restoration and PARP inhibitor resistance, which is reversed by ATM kinase inhibition. REV7 is recruited to DSBs in a manner dependent on the H2AX-MDC1-RNF8-RNF168-53BP1 chromatin pathway, and seems to block HR and promote end joining in addition to its regulatory role in DNA damage tolerance. Finally, we establish that REV7 blocks DSB resection to promote non-homologous end-joining during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Our results reveal an unexpected crucial function of REV7 downstream of 53BP1 in coordinating pathological DSB repair pathway choices in BRCA1-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Xu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Ross Chapman
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël Warmerdam
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Barazas
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke E Jaspers
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Pieterse
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ariena Kersbergen
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Sol
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick H N Celie
- Protein Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip C Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Salman
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Marja Nieuwland
- Deep Sequencing Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Rink
- Deep Sequencing Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorma de Ronde
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J Boulton
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dik C van Gent
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laengassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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20
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MAD2L2 controls DNA repair at telomeres and DNA breaks by inhibiting 5' end resection. Nature 2015; 521:537-540. [PMID: 25799990 PMCID: PMC4481296 DOI: 10.1038/nature14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate repair of DNA lesions and the inhibition of DNA repair activities at telomeres are critical to prevent genomic instability. By fuelling the generation of genetic alterations and by compromising cell viability, genomic instability is a driving force in cancer and aging1, 2. Here we identify MAD2L2 (also known as MAD2B or REV7) through functional genetic screening as a novel factor controlling DNA repair activities at mammalian telomeres. We show that MAD2L2 accumulates at uncapped telomeres and promotes non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated fusion of deprotected chromosome ends and genomic instability. MAD2L2 depletion causes elongated 3′ telomeric overhangs, implying that MAD2L2 inhibits 5′ end-resection. End-resection blocks NHEJ while committing to homology-directed repair (HDR) and is under control of 53BP1, RIF1 and PTIP3. Consistent with MAD2L2 promoting NHEJ-mediated telomere fusion by inhibiting 5′ end-resection, knockdown of the nucleases CTIP or EXO1 partially restores telomere-driven genomic instability in MAD2L2-depleted cells. Control of DNA repair by MAD2L2 is not limited to telomeres. MAD2L2 also accumulates and inhibits end-resection at irradiation (IR)-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and promotes end-joining of DSBs in multiple settings, including during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR). These activities of MAD2L2 depend on ATM kinase activity, RNF8, RNF168, 53BP1 and RIF1, but not on PTIP, REV1 and REV3, the latter two acting with MAD2L2 in translesion synthesis (TLS)4. Together our data establish MAD2L2 as a critical contributor to the control of DNA repair activity by 53BP1 that promotes NHEJ by inhibiting 5′ end-resection downstream of RIF1.
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21
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Jansen JG, Tsaalbi-Shtylik A, de Wind N. Roles of mutagenic translesion synthesis in mammalian genome stability, health and disease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 29:56-64. [PMID: 25655219 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most spontaneous and DNA damage-induced nucleotide substitutions in eukaryotes depend on translesion synthesis polymerases Rev1 and Pol ζ, the latter consisting of the catalytic subunit Rev3 and the accessory protein Rev7. Here we review the regulation, and the biochemical and cellular functions, of Rev1/Pol ζ-dependent translesion synthesis. These are correlated with phenotypes of mouse models with defects in Rev1, Rev3 or Rev7. The data indicate that Rev1/Pol ζ-mediated translesion synthesis is important for adaptive immunity while playing paradoxical roles in oncogenesis. On the other hand, by enabling the replication of endogenously damaged templates, Rev1/Pol ζ -dependent translesion synthesis protects stem cells, thereby preventing features of ageing. In conclusion, Rev1/Pol ζ-dependent translesion synthesis at DNA helix-distorting nucleotide lesions orchestrates pleiotropic responses that determine organismal fitness and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Jansen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Tsaalbi-Shtylik
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niels de Wind
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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22
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Tomida J, Takata KI, Lange SS, Schibler AC, Yousefzadeh MJ, Bhetawal S, Dent SYR, Wood RD. REV7 is essential for DNA damage tolerance via two REV3L binding sites in mammalian DNA polymerase ζ. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:1000-11. [PMID: 25567983 PMCID: PMC4333420 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase zeta (pol ζ) is exceptionally important for controlling mutagenesis and genetic instability. REV3L comprises the catalytic subunit, while REV7 (MAD2L2) is considered an accessory subunit. However, it has not been established that the role of REV7 in DNA damage tolerance is necessarily connected with mammalian pol ζ, and there is accumulating evidence that REV7 and REV3L have independent functions. Analysis of pol ζ has been hampered by difficulties in expression of REV3L in mammalian cells, and lack of a functional complementation system. Here, we report that REV7 interacts with full-length REV3L in vivo and we identify a new conserved REV7 interaction site in human REV3L (residues 1993–2003), distinct from the known binding site (residues 1877–1887). Mutation of both REV7-binding sites eliminates the REV3L–REV7 interaction. Invivo complementation shows that both REV7-binding sites in REV3L are necessary for preventing spontaneous chromosome breaks and conferring resistance to UV radiation and cisplatin. This demonstrates a damage-specific function of REV7 in pol ζ, in contrast to the distinct roles of REV3L and REV7 in primary cell viability and embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Tomida
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Kei-ichi Takata
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Sabine S Lange
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Andria C Schibler
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarita Bhetawal
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard D Wood
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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Luo Y, Hartford SA, Zeng R, Southard TL, Shima N, Schimenti JC. Hypersensitivity of primordial germ cells to compromised replication-associated DNA repair involves ATM-p53-p21 signaling. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004471. [PMID: 25010009 PMCID: PMC4091704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome maintenance in germ cells is critical for fertility and the stable propagation of species. While mechanisms of meiotic DNA repair and chromosome behavior are well-characterized, the same is not true for primordial germ cells (PGCs), which arise and propagate during very early stages of mammalian development. Fanconi anemia (FA), a genomic instability syndrome that includes hypogonadism and testicular failure phenotypes, is caused by mutations in genes encoding a complex of proteins involved in repair of DNA lesions associated with DNA replication. The signaling mechanisms underlying hypogonadism and testicular failure in FA patients or mouse models are unknown. We conducted genetic studies to show that hypogonadism of Fancm mutant mice is a result of reduced proliferation, but not apoptosis, of PGCs, resulting in reduced germ cells in neonates of both sexes. Progressive loss of germ cells in adult males also occurs, overlaid with an elevated level of meiotic DNA damage. Genetic studies indicated that ATM-p53-p21 signaling is partially responsible for the germ cell deficiency. The precursors to sperm and eggs begin are a group of <100 cells in the embryo, called primordial germ cells (PGCs). They migrate in the primitive embryo to the location of the future gonads, then undergo a rapid proliferation over the next few days to a population of many thousands. Because these cells contain the precious genetic information for our offspring, and the DNA replication associated with rapid PGC proliferation is subject to spontaneous errors, mechanisms exist to avoid propagation of mutations. A manifestation of this is the high sensitivity of PGCs to genetic perturbations affecting DNA repair. We studied mice defective for a gene called Fanconi anemia M (Fancm) that is important for repair of DNA damage that occurs during replication. Although it is expressed in all tissues, only the PGCs are affected in mutants, and are reduced in number. We find that PGCs lacking Fancm respond by slowing cell division, and identified the genetic pathway responsible for this protective response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Suzanne A Hartford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruizhu Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Naoko Shima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - John C Schimenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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