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Devi S, Charvat A, Millbern Z, Vinueza N, Gestwicki JE. Exploration of the Binding Determinants of Protein Phosphatase 5 (PP5) Reveals a Chaperone-Independent Activation Mechanism. J Biol Chem 2024:107435. [PMID: 38830406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is normally recruited to its substrates by the molecular chaperones, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). This interaction requires the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of PP5, which binds to an EEVD motif at the extreme C-termini of cytosolic Hsp70 and Hsp90 isoforms. In addition to bringing PP5 into proximity with chaperone-bound substrates, this interaction also relieves auto-inhibition in PP5's catalytic domain, promoting its phosphatase activity. To better understand the molecular determinants of this process, we screened a large, pentapeptide library for binding to PP5. This screen identified the amino acid preferences at each position, which we validated by showing that the optimal sequences bind 4- to 7-fold tighter than the natural EEVD motifs and stimulate PP5's enzymatic activity. The enhanced affinity for PP5's TPR domain was confirmed using a protein-adaptive differential scanning fluorimetry (paDSF) assay. Using this increased knowledge of structure-activity relationships, we re-examined affinity proteomics results to look for potential EEVD-like motifs in the C-termini of known PP5-binding partners. This search identified elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 1 (ELP1/IKBKAP) as a putative partner and, indeed, we found that its C-terminal sequence, LSLLD, binds directly to PP5's TPR domain in vitro. Consistent with this idea, mutation of ELP1's terminal aspartate was sufficient to interrupt the interaction with PP5 in vitro and in cells. Together, these findings reveal the sequence preferences of PP5's TPR domain and expand the scope of PP5's functions to include chaperone-independent complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Annemarie Charvat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Zoe Millbern
- Department of Textile Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Nelson Vinueza
- Department of Textile Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA.
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2
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Nadel CM, Thwin AC, Callahan M, Lee K, Connelly E, Craik CS, Southworth DR, Gestwicki JE. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, CHIP/STUB1, Inhibits Aggregation of Phosphorylated Proteoforms of Microtubule-associated Protein Tau (MAPT). J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168026. [PMID: 37330289 PMCID: PMC10491737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-phosphorylated tau accumulates as insoluble fibrils in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. The strong correlation between phosphorylated tau and disease has led to an interest in understanding how cellular factors discriminate it from normal tau. Here, we screen a panel of chaperones containing tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains to identify those that might selectively interact with phosphorylated tau. We find that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, CHIP/STUB1, binds 10-fold more strongly to phosphorylated tau than unmodified tau. The presence of even sub-stoichiometric concentrations of CHIP strongly suppresses aggregation and seeding of phosphorylated tau. We also find that CHIP promotes rapid ubiquitination of phosphorylated tau, but not unmodified tau, in vitro. Binding to phosphorylated tau requires CHIP's TPR domain, but the binding mode is partially distinct from the canonical one. In cells, CHIP restricts seeding by phosphorylated tau, suggesting that it could be an important barrier in cell-to-cell spreading. Together, these findings show that CHIP recognizes a phosphorylation-dependent degron on tau, establishing a pathway for regulating the solubility and turnover of this pathological proteoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Nadel
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Aye C Thwin
- Biochemistry & Biophysics and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Matthew Callahan
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Kanghyun Lee
- Biochemistry & Biophysics and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Emily Connelly
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Charles S Craik
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Biochemistry & Biophysics and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA.
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA.
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3
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Zhang H, Zhang Q, Tu J, You Q, Wang L. Dual function of protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C): An emerging therapeutic target for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115350. [PMID: 37054560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins is reversibly controlled by the kinases and phosphatases in many posttranslational regulation patterns. Protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase showing dual function by simultaneously exerting dephosphorylation and co-chaperone functions. Due to this special role, PPP5C was found to participate in many signal transductions related to various diseases. Abnormal expression of PPP5C results in cancers, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease, making it a potential drug target. However, the design of small molecules targeting PPP5C is struggling due to its special monomeric enzyme form and low basal activity by a self-inhibition mechanism. Through realizing the PPP5C's dual function as phosphatase and co-chaperone, more and more small molecules were found to regulate PPP5C with a different mechanism. This review aims to provide insights into PPP5C's dual function from structure to function, which could provide efficient design strategies for small molecules targeting PPP5C as therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiaqi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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4
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Backe SJ, Woodford MR, Ahanin E, Sager RA, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. Impact of Co-chaperones and Posttranslational Modifications Toward Hsp90 Drug Sensitivity. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:319-350. [PMID: 36520312 PMCID: PMC10077965 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate myriad cellular processes by modulating protein function and protein-protein interaction. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone whose activity is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of more than 300 client proteins. Hsp90 is a substrate for numerous PTMs, which have diverse effects on Hsp90 function. Interestingly, many Hsp90 clients are enzymes that catalyze PTM, demonstrating one of the several modes of regulation of Hsp90 activity. Approximately 25 co-chaperone regulatory proteins of Hsp90 impact structural rearrangements, ATP hydrolysis, and client interaction, representing a second layer of influence on Hsp90 activity. A growing body of literature has also established that PTM of these co-chaperones fine-tune their activity toward Hsp90; however, many of the identified PTMs remain uncharacterized. Given the critical role of Hsp90 in supporting signaling in cancer, clinical evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors is an area of great interest. Interestingly, differential PTM and co-chaperone interaction have been shown to impact Hsp90 binding to its inhibitors. Therefore, understanding these layers of Hsp90 regulation will provide a more complete understanding of the chaperone code, facilitating the development of new biomarkers and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elham Ahanin
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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5
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Lang BJ, Prince TL, Okusha Y, Bunch H, Calderwood SK. Heat shock proteins in cell signaling and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119187. [PMID: 34906617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and their co-chaperones have well-established roles in regulating proteostasis within the cell, the nature of which continues to emerge with further study. To date, HSPs have been shown to be integral to protein folding and re-folding, protein transport, avoidance of protein aggregation, and modulation of protein degradation. Many cell signaling events are mediated by the chemical modification of proteins post-translationally that can alter protein conformation and activity, although it is not yet known whether the changes in protein conformation induced by post-translational modifications (PTMs) are also dependent upon HSPs and their co-chaperones for subsequent protein re-folding. We discuss what is known regarding roles for HSPs and other molecular chaperones in cell signaling events with a focus on oncogenic signaling. We also propose a hypothesis by which Hsp70 and Hsp90 may co-operate to facilitate cell signaling events that may link PTMs with the cellular protein folding machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Thomas L Prince
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Ranok Therapeutics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Yuka Okusha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Heeyoun Bunch
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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6
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Johnson OT, Nadel CM, Carroll EC, Arhar T, Gestwicki JE. Two distinct classes of cochaperones compete for the EEVD motif in heat shock protein 70 to tune its chaperone activities. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101697. [PMID: 35148989 PMCID: PMC8913300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperones of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family engage in protein-protein interactions with many cochaperones. One "hotspot" for cochaperone binding is the EEVD motif, found at the extreme C terminus of cytoplasmic Hsp70s. This motif is known to bind tetratricopeptide repeat domain cochaperones, such as the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. In addition, the EEVD motif also interacts with a structurally distinct domain that is present in class B J-domain proteins, such as DnaJB4. These observations suggest that CHIP and DnaJB4 might compete for binding to Hsp70's EEVD motif; however, the molecular determinants of such competition are not clear. Using a collection of EEVD-derived peptides, including mutations and truncations, we explored which residues are critical for binding to both CHIP and DnaJB4. These results revealed that some features, such as the C-terminal carboxylate, are important for both interactions. However, CHIP and DnaJB4 also had unique preferences, especially at the isoleucine position immediately adjacent to the EEVD. Finally, we show that competition between these cochaperones is important in vitro, as DnaJB4 limits the ubiquitination activity of the Hsp70-CHIP complex, whereas CHIP suppresses the client refolding activity of the Hsp70-DnaJB4 complex. Together, these data suggest that the EEVD motif has evolved to support diverse protein-protein interactions, such that competition between cochaperones may help guide whether Hsp70-bound proteins are folded or degraded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleta T Johnson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cory M Nadel
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emma C Carroll
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Taylor Arhar
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Chemistry, Beloit College, Beloit, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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7
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Höhfeld J, Benzing T, Bloch W, Fürst DO, Gehlert S, Hesse M, Hoffmann B, Hoppe T, Huesgen PF, Köhn M, Kolanus W, Merkel R, Niessen CM, Pokrzywa W, Rinschen MM, Wachten D, Warscheid B. Maintaining proteostasis under mechanical stress. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52507. [PMID: 34309183 PMCID: PMC8339670 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, tissue integrity and organismal health depend on the ability to maintain functional protein networks even under conditions that threaten protein integrity. Protection against such stress conditions involves the adaptation of folding and degradation machineries, which help to preserve the protein network by facilitating the refolding or disposal of damaged proteins. In multicellular organisms, cells are permanently exposed to stress resulting from mechanical forces. Yet, for long time mechanical stress was not recognized as a primary stressor that perturbs protein structure and threatens proteome integrity. The identification and characterization of protein folding and degradation systems, which handle force-unfolded proteins, marks a turning point in this regard. It has become apparent that mechanical stress protection operates during cell differentiation, adhesion and migration and is essential for maintaining tissues such as skeletal muscle, heart and kidney as well as the immune system. Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of mechanical stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Höhfeld
- Institute for Cell BiologyRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports MedicineGerman Sport UniversityCologneGermany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell BiologyRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports MedicineGerman Sport UniversityCologneGermany
- Department for the Biosciences of SportsInstitute of Sports ScienceUniversity of HildesheimHildesheimGermany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life & Brain CenterMedical FacultyRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms UniversityBonnGermany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI‐2: MechanobiologyForschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for GeneticsCologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD) and CMMCUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA3Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
- CECADUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Institute of Biology IIIFaculty of Biology, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- LIMES‐InstituteRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms University BonnBonnGermany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, IBI‐2: MechanobiologyForschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology and CECADUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | | | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department of Biomedicine and Aarhus Institute of Advanced StudiesAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate ImmunityUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Institute of Biology IIFaculty of Biology, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSSAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University FreiburgFreiburgGermany
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8
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The structure of an Hsp90-immunophilin complex reveals cochaperone recognition of the client maturation state. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3496-3508.e5. [PMID: 34380015 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Hsp90 chaperone promotes folding and activation of hundreds of client proteins in the cell through an ATP-dependent conformational cycle guided by distinct cochaperone regulators. The FKBP51 immunophilin binds Hsp90 with its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain and catalyzes peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity during folding of kinases, nuclear receptors, and tau. Here we determined the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human Hsp90:FKBP51:p23 complex to 3.3 Å, which, together with mutagenesis and crosslinking analyses, reveals the basis for cochaperone binding to Hsp90 during client maturation. A helix extension in the TPR functions as a key recognition element, interacting across the Hsp90 C-terminal dimer interface presented in the closed, ATP conformation. The PPIase domain is positioned along the middle domain, adjacent to Hsp90 client binding sites, whereas a single p23 makes stabilizing interactions with the N-terminal dimer. With this architecture, FKBP51 is positioned to act on specific client residues presented during Hsp90-catalyzed remodeling.
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9
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Neumann J, Boknik P, Kirchhefer U, Gergs U. The role of PP5 and PP2C in cardiac health and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110035. [PMID: 33964402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases are important, for example, as functional antagonists of β-adrenergic stimulation of the mammalian heart. While β-adrenergic stimulations increase the phosphorylation state of regulatory proteins and therefore force of contraction in the heart, these phosphorylations are reversed and thus force is reduced by the activity of protein phosphatases. In this context the role of PP5 and PP2C is starting to unravel. They do not belong to the same family of phosphatases with regard to sequence homology, many similarities with regard to location, activation by lipids and putative substrates have been worked out over the years. We also suggest which pathways for regulation of PP5 and/or PP2C described in other tissues and not yet in the heart might be useful to look for in cardiac tissue. Both phosphatases might play a role in signal transduction of sarcolemmal receptors in the heart. Expression of PP5 and PP2C can be increased by extracellular stimuli in the heart. Because PP5 is overexpressed in failing animal and human hearts, and because overexpression of PP5 or PP2C leads to cardiac hypertrophy and KO of PP5 leads to cardiac hypotrophy, one might argue for a role of PP5 and PP2C in heart failure. Because PP5 and PP2C can reduce, at least in vitro, the phosphorylation state of proteins thought to be relevant for cardiac arrhythmias, a role of these phosphatases for cardiac arrhythmias is also probable. Thus, PP5 and PP2C might be druggable targets to treat important cardiac diseases like heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097 Halle, Germany.
| | - Peter Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstraße 12, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstraße 12, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 4, D-06097 Halle, Germany.
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10
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Sager RA, Dushukyan N, Woodford M, Mollapour M. Structure and function of the co-chaperone protein phosphatase 5 in cancer. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:383-394. [PMID: 32239474 PMCID: PMC7193036 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that regulates many cellular functions including steroid hormone signaling, stress response, proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. PP5 is also a co-chaperone of the heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone machinery that assists in regulation of cellular signaling pathways essential for cell survival and growth. PP5 plays a significant role in survival and propagation of multiple cancers, which makes it a promising target for cancer therapy. Though there are several naturally occurring PP5 inhibitors, none is specific for PP5. Here, we review the roles of PP5 in cancer progression and survival and discuss the unique features of the PP5 structure that differentiate it from other phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family members and make it an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Natela Dushukyan
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mark Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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11
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Matrine Protects Cardiomyocytes From Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating HSP70 Expression Via Activation of the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. Shock 2019; 50:664-670. [PMID: 29394239 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that matrine showed cardiovascular protective effects; however, its role and mechanism in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remain unknown. The Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway activation and elevated heat shock protein (HSP) 70 are closely related to the prevention of myocardial I/R injury. The cardioprotective effects of matrine were determined in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated primary rat cardiomyocytes and left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and reperfusion animal models. The molecular mechanisms of matrine in myocardial I/R injury were focused on JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation and HSP70 expression. We found that matrine significantly increased H/R-induced the suppression of cell viability, decreased lactate dehydrogenase release, creatine kinase activity, and cardiomyocytes apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, matrine notably reduced the serum levels of creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I, lessened the infarcted area of the heart, and decreased the apoptotic index of cardiomyocytes induced by I/R in vivo. Matrine activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling, upregulated HSP70 expression both in vitro and in vivo. The cardioprotective effects of matrine were abrogated by AG490, a JAK2 inhibitor, and HSP70 siRNA. In addition, AG490 reduced HSP70 expression increased by matrine. In conclusion, matrine attenuates myocardial I/R injury by upregulating HSP70 expression via the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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12
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Norris-Mullins B, Krivda JS, Smith KL, Ferrell MJ, Morales MA. Leishmania phosphatase PP5 is a regulator of HSP83 phosphorylation and essential for parasite pathogenicity. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2971-2985. [PMID: 29982859 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are responsible for important neglected diseases in humans and animals, ranging from self-healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral manifestations. During the infectious cycle, Leishmania differentiates from the extracellular flagellated promastigote to the intracellular pathogenic amastigote. Parasite differentiation is triggered by changes in environmental cues, mainly pH and temperature. In general, extracellular signals are translated into stage-specific gene expression by a cascade of reversible protein phosphorylation regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases. Though protein kinases have been actively studied as potential anti-parasitic drug targets, our understanding of the biology of protein phosphatases in Leishmania is poor. We have previously reported the principal analysis of a novel protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) in Leishmania species. Here, we assessed the role of PP5 in parasite pathogenicity, where we uncovered, using transgenic PP5 over-expressing and PP5 null-mutant parasites, its importance in metacyclogeneisis, maintaining HSP83 phosphorylation homeostasis and virulence. All together, our results indicate the importance of PP5 in regulating parasite stress and adaptation during differentiation, making this protein an attractive potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Norris-Mullins
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, 278 Galvin Life Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Joseph S Krivda
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, 278 Galvin Life Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Kathryn L Smith
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, 278 Galvin Life Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Micah J Ferrell
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, 278 Galvin Life Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Miguel A Morales
- Eck Institute for Global Health, Department of Biological Sciences, 278 Galvin Life Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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13
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The O-GlcNAc Transferase Intellectual Disability Mutation L254F Distorts the TPR Helix. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:513-518.e4. [PMID: 29606577 PMCID: PMC5967971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) regulates protein O-GlcNAcylation, an essential post-translational modification that is abundant in the brain. Recently, OGT mutations have been associated with intellectual disability, although it is not understood how they affect OGT structure and function. Using a multi-disciplinary approach we show that the L254F OGT mutation leads to conformational changes of the tetratricopeptide repeats and reduced activity, revealing the molecular mechanisms contributing to pathogenesis. The intellectual disability L254F mutation in OGT affects activity The L254F mutation leads to shifts up to 12 Å in the OGT structure Thermal denaturing studies reveal reduction in TPR stability caused by L254F Simulations suggest the presence of alternate TPRL254F conformations
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14
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Heat shock protein 70 protects cardiomyocytes through suppressing SUMOylation and nucleus translocation of phosphorylated eukaryotic elongation factor 2 during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Apoptosis 2018; 22:608-625. [PMID: 28205128 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MIR) results in cardiomyocyte apoptosis with severe outcomes, which blocks cardiac tissue recovering from myocardial ischemia diseases. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is one of protective molecule chaperones which could regulate the nucleus translocation of other proteins. In addition, eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which modulates protein translation process, is vital to the recovery of heart during MIR. However, the relationship between HSP70 and eEF2 and its effects on MIR are unclear. The expression and relationship between HSP70 and eEF2 is confirmed by western blot, immunoprecipitation in vitro using cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 and in vivo rat MIR model. The further investigation was conducted in H9c2 cells with detection for cell-cycle and apoptosis. It is revealed that eEF2 interacted and be regulated by HSP70, which kept eEF2 as dephosphorylated status and preserved the function of eEF2 during MIR. In addition, HSP70 suppressed the nucleus translocation of phosphorylated eEF2, which inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial reperfusion stage. Furthermore, HSP70 also interacted with C-terminal fragment of eEF2, which could reverse the nucleus translocation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis caused by N-terminal fragment of eEF2. HSP70 draw on advantage and avoid defect of MIR through regulating phosphorylation and nucleus translocation of eEF2.
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15
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Xie J, Han M, Zhang M, Deng H, Wu W. PP5 (PPP5C) is a phosphatase of Dvl2. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2715. [PMID: 29426949 PMCID: PMC5807433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dishevelled (Dvl) family proteins are key mediators of Wnt signalling and function in both canonical and noncanonical branches. Dvl2, the most studied Dvl protein, is extensively regulated by phosphorylation. Several kinases were found to be critical for Dvl2 localisation, stability control and functional segregation. For example, S143-phosphorylated Dvl2 was detected, together with CK1δ/ε, at the centrosome and basal body of primary cilia and plays pivotal roles during ciliogenesis. However, relatively less is known about Dvl dephosphorylation and the phosphatases involved. Here, we identified PP5 (PPP5C) as a phosphatase of Dvl2. PP5 interacts with and can directly dephosphorylate Dvl2. Knockdown of PP5 caused elevated Dvl2 phosphorylation both at the basal level and upon Wnt stimulation. In the Dvl2 protein, S143, the 10B5 cluster and other sites were dephosphorylated by PP5. Interestingly, comparison of PP5 with PP2A, another known Dvl2 phosphatase, revealed that PP5 and PP2A are not fully redundant in the regulation of Dvl2 phosphorylation status. In hTERT-RPE1 cells, PP5 was found at the basal body of cilia, where S143-phosphorylated Dvl2 also resides. Functional assays revealed modest effects on ciliogenesis after PP5 depletion or over-expression. Taken together, our results provided evidence to suggest PP5 as a new phosphatase for Dvl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Miaojun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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16
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Moody RR, Lo MC, Meagher JL, Lin CC, Stevers NO, Tinsley SL, Jung I, Matvekas A, Stuckey JA, Sun D. Probing the interaction between the histone methyltransferase/deacetylase subunit RBBP4/7 and the transcription factor BCL11A in epigenetic complexes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2125-2136. [PMID: 29263092 PMCID: PMC5808772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.811463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor BCL11A has recently been reported to be a driving force in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), contributing to the maintenance of a chemoresistant breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) population. Although BCL11A was shown to suppress γ-globin and p21 and to induce MDM2 expression in the hematopoietic system, its downstream targets in TNBC are still unclear. For its role in transcriptional repression, BCL11A was found to interact with several corepressor complexes; however, the mechanisms underlying these interactions remain unknown. Here, we reveal that BCL11A interacts with histone methyltransferase (PRC2) and histone deacetylase (NuRD and SIN3A) complexes through their common subunit, RBBP4/7. In fluorescence polarization assays, we show that BCL11A competes with histone H3 for binding to the negatively charged top face of RBBP4. To define that interaction, we solved the crystal structure of RBBP4 in complex with an N-terminal peptide of BCL11A (residues 2-16, BCL11A(2-16)). The crystal structure identifies novel interactions between BCL11A and the side of the β-propeller of RBBP4 that are not seen with histone H3. We next show that BCL11A(2-16) pulls down RBBP4, RBBP7, and other components of PRC2, NuRD, and SIN3A from the cell lysate of the TNBC cell line SUM149. Furthermore, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting the RBBP4-BCL11A binding by showing that a BCL11A peptide can decrease aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive BCSCs and mammosphere formation capacity in SUM149. Together, our findings have uncovered a previously unidentified mechanism that BCL11A may use to recruit epigenetic complexes to regulate transcription and promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Reed Moody
- From the Chemical Biology Program, ,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy
| | - Miao-Chia Lo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, , To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.:
858-784-1624; Fax:
734-936-7675; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy
| | | | - Jeanne A. Stuckey
- Life Sciences Institute, and ,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Duxin Sun
- From the Chemical Biology Program, ,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, , To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.:
734-615-8740; Fax:
734-936-7675; E-mail:
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17
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Chen YL, Hung MH, Chu PY, Chao TI, Tsai MH, Chen LJ, Hsiao YJ, Shih CT, Hsieh FS, Chen KF. Protein phosphatase 5 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis through interaction with AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:49-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Zuiderweg ERP, Gestwicki JE. Backbone and methyl resonance assignments of the 42 kDa human Hsc70 nucleotide binding domain in the ADP state. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2017; 11:11-15. [PMID: 27699616 PMCID: PMC5344757 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-016-9711-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hsc70 is the constitutively expressed mammalian heat shock 70 kDa (Hsp70) cytosolic chaperone. It plays a central role in cellular proteostasis and protein trafficking. Here, we present the backbone and methyl group assignments for the 386-residue nucleotide binding domain of the human protein. This domain controls the chaperone's allostery, binds multiple co-chaperones and is the target of several classes of known chemical Hsp70 inhibitors. The NMR assignments are based on common triple resonance experiments with triple labeled protein, and on several 15N and 13C-resolved 3D NOE experiments with methyl-reprotonated samples. A combination of computer and manual data interpretation was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R P Zuiderweg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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19
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Zuiderweg ERP, Hightower LE, Gestwicki JE. The remarkable multivalency of the Hsp70 chaperones. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:173-189. [PMID: 28220454 PMCID: PMC5352603 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 proteins are key to maintaining intracellular protein homeostasis. To carry out this task, they employ a large number of cochaperones and adapter proteins. Here, we review what is known about the interaction between the chaperones and partners, with a strong slant toward structural biology. Hsp70s in general, and Hsc70 (HSPA8) in particular, display an amazing array of interfaces with their protein cofactors. We also review the known interactions between Hsp70s with lipids and with active compounds that may become leads toward Hsp70 modulation for treatment of a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R P Zuiderweg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Lawrence E Hightower
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California at San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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20
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Shree S, Singh AK, Saxena R, Kumar H, Agarwal A, Sharma VK, Srivastava K, Srivastava KK, Sanyal S, Ramachandran R. The M. tuberculosis HAD phosphatase (Rv3042c) interacts with host proteins and is inhibited by Clofazimine. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3401-17. [PMID: 26984196 PMCID: PMC11108430 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis codes for a HAD-phosphatase, Rv3042c (MtSerB2), that has earlier been characterized as a metabolic enzyme. Here we demonstrate that MtSerB2 is secreted into the cytosol of infected macrophages and is found in bronchoalveolar lavage samples of tuberculosis patients. MtSerB2 induces significant cytoskeleton rearrangements through cofilin activation and affects the expression of genes that regulate actin dynamics. It specifically interacts with HSP90, HSP70 and HSP27 that block apoptotic pathways and not with other HSPs. It actively dephosphorylates MAPK-p38 and NF-kappa B p65 that play crucial roles in inflammatory and immune responses. This in turn leads to down-regulation of Interleukin 8, a chemotactic and inflammatory cytokine. Finally, during evaluation of inhibitors against MtSerB2 we found that Clofazimine, a drug being evaluated for XDR and MDR tuberculosis, inhibits MtSerB2 phosphatase activity and reverses the above effects and interactions with host proteins. Overall, the study identifies that MtSerB2 has new functions that might help the pathogen to evade the host's immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Shree
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richa Saxena
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna Agarwal
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Sharma
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanchan Srivastava
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Srivastava
- Microbiology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravishankar Ramachandran
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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21
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Assimon VA, Southworth DR, Gestwicki JE. Specific Binding of Tetratricopeptide Repeat Proteins to Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) and Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) Is Regulated by Affinity and Phosphorylation. Biochemistry 2015; 54:7120-31. [PMID: 26565746 PMCID: PMC4714923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) require the help of tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain-containing cochaperones for many of their functions. Each monomer of Hsp70 or Hsp90 can interact with only a single TPR cochaperone at a time, and each member of the TPR cochaperone family brings distinct functions to the complex. Thus, competition for TPR binding sites on Hsp70 and Hsp90 appears to shape chaperone activity. Recent structural and biophysical efforts have improved our understanding of chaperone-TPR contacts, focusing on the C-terminal EEVD motif that is present in both chaperones. To better understand these important protein-protein interactions on a wider scale, we measured the affinity of five TPR cochaperones, CHIP, Hop, DnaJC7, FKBP51, and FKBP52, for the C-termini of four members of the chaperone family, Hsc70, Hsp72, Hsp90α, and Hsp90β, in vitro. These studies identified some surprising selectivity among the chaperone-TPR pairs, including the selective binding of FKBP51/52 to Hsp90α/β. These results also revealed that other TPR cochaperones are only able to weakly discriminate between the chaperones or between their paralogs. We also explored whether mimicking phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues near the EEVD motif might impact affinity and found that pseudophosphorylation had selective effects on binding to CHIP but not other cochaperones. Together, these findings suggest that both intrinsic affinity and post-translational modifications tune the interactions between the Hsp70 and Hsp90 proteins and the TPR cochaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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22
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Zheng X, Zhang L, Jin B, Zhang F, Zhang D, Cui L. Knockdown of protein phosphatase 5 inhibits ovarian cancer growth in vitro. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:168-172. [PMID: 26870184 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of gynecological cancer-related mortality. Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PP5, PPP5C) has been recognized to be involved in the regulation of multiple cellular signaling cascades that control diverse cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, motility and apoptosis. In this study, to evaluate the functional role of PP5 in ovarian cancer cells, lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) was applied to silence PPP5C in the human ovarian cancer cell line CAOV-3. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Cell colony forming ability was measured by colony formation. Cell cycle progression was determined by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that lentivirus-mediated RNAi specifically suppressed the expression of PPP5C at the mRNA and protein levels in CAOV-3 cells. Further investigations revealed that PP5 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of CAOV-3 cells. Moreover, the cell cycle of CAOV-3 cells was arrested at the G0/G1 phase following PP5 knockdown. This study highlights the crucial role of PP5 in promoting ovarian cancer cell proliferation, and provides a foundation for further study into the clinical potential of lentiviral-mediated delivery of PP5 RNAi therapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zheng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Lianxiao Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Bohong Jin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Fubin Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Duoyi Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
| | - Lining Cui
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, P.R. China
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23
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Liu JY, Chen XE, Zhang YL. Insights into the key interactions between human protein phosphatase 5 and cantharidin using molecular dynamics and site-directed mutagenesis bioassays. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12359. [PMID: 26190207 PMCID: PMC4507179 DOI: 10.1038/srep12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is a promising novel target for anticancer therapies. This work aims to uncover the key interactions at the atomic level between PP5 and three inhibitors (cantharidin, norcantharidin and endothall). We found that, unlike previous report, Arg 100 contributes less to PP5-inhibitor binding, and the residues His 69, Asn 128, His 129, Arg 225, His 252 and Arg 250 are of importance to PP5-inhibitor binding. The hydrophobic interactions established between the residues Val 254, Phe 271 and Tyr 276, especially Glu 253, are very important to enhance the inhibitive interaction. We suggested that, to increase the inhibitory activity, the interactions of inhibitor with three negatively charged unfavorable interaction residues, Asp 99, Glu 130 and Asp 213, should be avoided. However, the interactions of inhibitor with favorable interaction residue Arg 250 could enhance the inhibitory activity. The Manganese ion 2 (MN2) unfavorably contribute to the total interaction free energies. The coordination between MN2 and chemical group of inhibitor should be eliminated. This work provides insight into how cantharidin and its analogs bind to PP5c at the atomic level and will facilitate modification of cantharidin-like chemicals to rationally develop more specific and less cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources &Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi-En Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources &Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources &Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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24
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Zhang H, Amick J, Chakravarti R, Santarriaga S, Schlanger S, McGlone C, Dare M, Nix JC, Scaglione KM, Stuehr DJ, Misra S, Page RC. A bipartite interaction between Hsp70 and CHIP regulates ubiquitination of chaperoned client proteins. Structure 2015; 23:472-482. [PMID: 25684577 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase CHIP plays an important role in cytosolic protein quality control by ubiquitinating proteins chaperoned by Hsp70/Hsc70 and Hsp90, thereby targeting such substrate proteins for degradation. We present a 2.91 Å resolution structure of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of CHIP in complex with the α-helical lid subdomain and unstructured tail of Hsc70. Surprisingly, the CHIP-TPR interacts with determinants within both the Hsc70-lid subdomain and the C-terminal PTIEEVD motif of the tail, exhibiting an atypical mode of interaction between chaperones and TPR domains. We demonstrate that the interaction between CHIP and the Hsc70-lid subdomain is required for proper ubiquitination of Hsp70/Hsc70 or Hsp70/Hsc70-bound substrate proteins. Posttranslational modifications of the Hsc70 lid and tail disrupt key contacts with the CHIP-TPR and may regulate CHIP-mediated ubiquitination. Our study shows how CHIP docks onto Hsp70/Hsc70 and defines a bipartite mode of interaction between TPR domains and their binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Joseph Amick
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Simon Schlanger
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Cameron McGlone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Michelle Dare
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jay C Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Beamline 4.2.2, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K Matthew Scaglione
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dennis J Stuehr
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Saurav Misra
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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Swingle MR, Honkanen RE. Development and validation of a robust and sensitive assay for the discovery of selective inhibitors for serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1α (PPP1C) and PP5 (PPP5C). Assay Drug Dev Technol 2014; 12:481-96. [PMID: 25383722 PMCID: PMC4229695 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2014.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase types 1 α (PP1α/PPP1C) and 5 (PP5/PPP5C) are members of the PPP family of serine/threonine protein phosphatases. PP1 and PP5 share a common catalytic mechanism, and several natural compounds, including okadaic acid, microcystin, and cantharidin, act as strong inhibitors of both enzymes. However, to date there have been no reports of compounds that can selectively inhibit PP1 or PP5, and specific or highly selective inhibitors for either PP1 or PP5 are greatly desired by both the research and pharmaceutical communities. Here we describe the development and optimization of a sensitive and robust (representative PP5C assay data: Z'=0.93; representative PP1Cα assay data: Z'=0.90) fluorescent phosphatase assay that can be used to simultaneously screen chemical libraries and natural product extracts for the presence of catalytic inhibitors of PP1 and PP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Swingle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
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