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Périco LL, Vegso AJ, Baggio CH, MacNaughton WK. Protease-activated receptor 2 drives migration in a colon cancer cell line but not in noncancerous human epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G525-G542. [PMID: 38440826 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00284.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The inflamed mucosa contains a complex assortment of proteases that may participate in wound healing or the development of inflammation-associated colon cancer. We sought to determine the role of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in epithelial wound healing in both untransformed and transformed colonic epithelial cells. Monolayers of primary epithelial cells derived from organoids cultivated from patient colonic biopsies and of the T84 colon cancer cell line were grown to confluence, wounded in the presence of a selective PAR2-activating peptide, and healing was visualized by live cell microscopy. Inhibitors of various signaling molecules were used to assess the relevant pathways responsible for wound healing. Activation of PAR2 induced an enhanced wound-healing response in T84 cells but not primary cells. The PAR2-enhanced wound-healing response was associated with the development of lamellipodia in cells at the wound edge, consistent with sheet migration. The response to PAR2 activation in T84 cells was completely dependent on Src kinase activity and partially dependent on Rac1 activity. The Src-associated signaling molecules, focal adhesion kinase, and epidermal growth factor receptor, which typically mediate wound-healing responses, were not involved in the PAR2 response. Experiments repeated in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines TNF and IFNγ revealed a synergistically enhanced PAR2 wound-healing response in T84s but not primary cells. The epithelial response to proteases may be different between primary and cancer cells and is accentuated in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings have implications for understanding epithelial restitution in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and inflammation-associated colon cancer.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Protease-activated receptor 2 enhances wound healing in the T84 colon cancer cell line, but not in primary cells derived from patient biopsies, an effect that is synergistically enhanced in the presence of the inflammatory cytokines TNF and IFNγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Lucena Périco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Vegso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cristiane H Baggio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Chanez-Paredes SD, Abtahi S, Zha J, Li E, Marsischky G, Zuo L, Grey MJ, He W, Turner JR. Mechanisms underlying distinct subcellular localization and regulation of epithelial long myosin light-chain kinase splice variants. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105643. [PMID: 38199574 PMCID: PMC10862019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelia express two long myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) splice variants, MLCK1 and MLCK2, which differ by the absence of a complete immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain 3 within MLCK2. MLCK1 is preferentially associated with the perijunctional actomyosin ring at steady state, and this localization is enhanced by inflammatory stimuli including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Here, we sought to identify MLCK1 domains that direct perijunctional MLCK1 localization and their relevance to disease. Ileal biopsies from Crohn's disease patients demonstrated preferential increases in MLCK1 expression and perijunctional localization relative to healthy controls. In contrast to MLCK1, MLCK2 expressed in intestinal epithelia is predominantly associated with basal stress fibers, and the two isoforms have distinct effects on epithelial migration and barrier regulation. MLCK1(Ig1-4) and MLCK1(Ig1-3), but not MLCK2(Ig1-4) or MLCK1(Ig3), directly bind to F-actin in vitro and direct perijunctional recruitment in intestinal epithelial cells. Further study showed that Ig1 is unnecessary, but that, like Ig3, the unstructured linker between Ig1 and Ig2 (Ig1/2us) is essential for recruitment. Despite being unable to bind F-actin or direct recruitment independently, Ig3 does have dominant negative functions that allow it to displace perijunctional MLCK1, increase steady-state barrier function, prevent TNF-induced MLCK1 recruitment, and attenuate TNF-induced barrier loss. These data define the minimal domain required for MLCK1 localization and provide mechanistic insight into the MLCK1 recruitment process. Overall, the results create a foundation for development of molecularly targeted therapies that target key domains to prevent MLCK1 recruitment, restore barrier function, and limit inflammatory bowel disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shabnam Abtahi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juanmin Zha
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Enkai Li
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerald Marsischky
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Michael J Grey
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiqi He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Mao J, Feng Y, Zheng Y, Gao Y, Zhang L, Sun X, Wu Y, Zhu X, Ma F. GPR65 inhibits human trophoblast cell adhesion through upregulation of MYLK and downregulation of fibronectin via cAMP-ERK signaling in a low pH environment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:238. [PMID: 37723567 PMCID: PMC10506227 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) are essential cells during the formation of the placenta, with the major function of invading the maternal decidua, anchoring the developing placenta to the uterus, remodeling uterine arteries, and regulating immune responses to prevent rejection. During early pregnancy, the decidua undergoes a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment, which has been shown to participate in tumor cell migration, invasion, growth, and angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which EVTs sense and respond to the acidic microenvironment, thereby executing their functions, remain poorly understood. METHODS The effects of G protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) on cell adhesion and other cellular functions were tested using JAR spheroids, mouse blastocysts, and HTR-8/SVneo cells. Specifically, we employed HTR-8/SVneo cells for gene overexpression and silencing to investigate the underlying mechanism of GPR65's impact on trophoblast cell function under acidic conditions. Additionally, villus tissue samples obtained from early pregnancy loss patients were utilized to explore the potential association between GPR65 and its related signaling pathway molecules with the disease. RESULTS This study identified GPR65 expression widely in trophoblasts, with the highest level in EVTs. Importantly, optimal GPR65 levels are required for maintaining normal adhesion, migration, and invasion, whereas overexpression of GPR65 inhibits these functions by activating the cAMP-ERK signaling pathway, upregulating myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and MYLK3 expression, and subsequently downregulating fibronectin. Consistently, elevated expression of GPR65, MYLK, and MYLK3 is observed in patients suffering from early pregnancy loss. CONCLUSIONS This work offers insights into the suppressive effects of GPR65 on EVT function under acidic conditions and highlights a putative target for therapeutic intervention in early pregnancy complications. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yayun Zheng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaqiu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinrui Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilun Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Rossi F, Liu M, Tieniber A, Etherington MS, Hanna A, Vitiello GA, Param NJ, Do K, Wang L, Antonescu CR, Zeng S, Zhang JQ, DeMatteo RP. Myosin Light-Chain Kinase Inhibition Potentiates the Antitumor Effects of Avapritinib in PDGFRA D842V-Mutant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2144-2157. [PMID: 36971786 PMCID: PMC10239357 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To create an in vivo model of PDGFRA D842V-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and identify the mechanism of tumor persistence following avapritinib therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We created a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of PDGFRA D842V-mutant GIST and tested the effects of imatinib, avapritinib, and ML-7, an inhibitor of myosin light-chain kinase (MYLK). Bulk tumor RNA sequencing and oncogenic signaling were evaluated. Apoptosis, survival, and actin cytoskeleton were evaluated in GIST T1 cells and isolated PDX cells in vitro. Human GIST specimens were analyzed for MYLK expression. RESULTS The PDX was minimally responsive to imatinib but sensitive to avapritinib. Avapritinib therapy increased tumor expression of genes related to the actin cytoskeleton, including MYLK. ML-7 induced apoptosis and disrupted actin filaments in short-term cultures of PDX cells and decreased survival in GIST T1 cells in combination with imatinib or avapritinib. Combined therapy with ML-7 improved the antitumor effects of low-dose avapritinib in vivo. Furthermore, MYLK was expressed in human GIST specimens. CONCLUSIONS MYLK upregulation is a novel mechanism of tumor persistence after tyrosine kinase inhibition. Concomitant MYLK inhibition may enable the use of a lower dose of avapritinib, which is associated with dose-dependent cognitive side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Rossi
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Andrew Tieniber
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Mark S. Etherington
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Andrew Hanna
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Gerardo A. Vitiello
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Nesteene J. Param
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Kevin Do
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Laura Wang
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | | | - Shan Zeng
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Jennifer Q. Zhang
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Ronald P. DeMatteo
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
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Zan GX, Qin YC, Xie WW, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ, Zhou JY. Heat stress disrupts intestinal stem cell migration and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis through FAK signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119431. [PMID: 36632926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
During heat stress (HS), the intestinal epithelium suffers damage due to imbalance of tissue homeostasis. However, the specific mechanism by which intestinal stem cells (ISCs) migrate and differentiate along the crypt-villus axis to heal lesions upon insult is unclear. In our study, C57BL/6 mice and IPEC-J2 cells were subjected to normal ambient conditions (25 °C for 7 days in vivo and 37 °C for 18 h in vitro) or 41 °C. The results showed that HS impaired intestinal morphology and barrier function. The numbers of ISCs (SOX9+ cells), mitotic cells (PCNA+ cells), and differentiated cells (Paneth cells marked by lysozyme, absorptive cells marked by Villin, goblet cells marked by Mucin2, enteroendocrine cells marked by Chromogranin A, and tuft cells marked by DCAMKL1) were reduced under high temperature. Importantly, BrdU incorporation confirmed the decreased migration ability of jejunal epithelial cells exposed to 41 °C. Furthermore, intestinal organoids (IOs) expanded from jejunal crypt cells in the HS group exhibited greater growth disadvantages. Mechanistically, the occurrence of these phenotypes was accompanied by FAK/paxillin/F-actin signaling disruption in the jejunum. The fact that the FAK agonist ZINC40099027 reversed the HS-triggered inhibition of IPEC-J2 cell differentiation and migration further confirmed the dominant role of FAK in response to high-temperature conditions. Overall, the present investigation is the first to reveal a major role of FAK/paxillin/F-actin signaling in HS-induced ISC migration and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis, which indicates a new therapeutic target for intestinal epithelial regeneration after heat injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xiu Zan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying-Chao Qin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Guangzhou 510642, China; National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou 510642, China; HenryFok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China.
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Smooth Muscle Myosin Localizes at the Leading Edge and Regulates the Redistribution of Actin-regulatory Proteins during Migration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152334. [PMID: 35954178 PMCID: PMC9367404 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle cell migration plays an essential role in airway development, repair, and remodeling. Smooth muscle myosin II has been traditionally thought to localize in the cytoplasm solely and regulates cell migration by affecting stress fiber formation and focal adhesion assembly. In this study, we unexpectedly found that 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) and myosin-11 (MYH11), important components of smooth muscle myosin, were present at the edge of lamellipodia. The knockdown of MLC20 or MYH11 attenuated the recruitment of c-Abl, cortactinProfilin-1 (Pfn-1), and Abi1 to the cell edge. Moreover, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) colocalized with integrin β1 at the tip of protrusion. The inhibition of MLCK attenuated the recruitment of c-Abl, cortactin, Pfn-1, and Abi1 to the cell edge. Furthermore, MLCK localization at the leading edge was reduced by integrin β1 knockdown. Taken together, our results demonstrate that smooth muscle myosin localizes at the leading edge and orchestrates the recruitment of actin-regulatory proteins to the tip of lamellipodia. Mechanistically, integrin β1 recruits MLCK to the leading edge, which catalyzes MLC20 phosphorylation. Activated myosin regulates the recruitment of actin-regulatory proteins to the leading edge, and promotes lamellipodial formation and migration.
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Shi X, Yu X, Wang J, Bian S, Li Q, Fu F, Zou X, Zhang L, Bast RC, Lu Z, Guo L, Chen Y, Zhou J. SIK2 promotes ovarian cancer cell motility and metastasis by phosphorylating MYLK. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2558-2574. [PMID: 35278271 PMCID: PMC9251837 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt‐inducible kinase 2 (SIK2; also known as serine/threonine‐protein kinase SIK2) is overexpressed in several cancers and has been implicated in cancer progression. However, the mechanisms by which SIK2 regulates cancer cell motility, migration and metastasis in ovarian cancer have not been fully discovered. Here, we identify that SIK2 promotes ovarian cancer cell motility, migration and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SIK2 regulated cancer cell motility and migration by myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle (MYLK)‐meditated phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (MYL2). SIK2 directly phosphorylated MYLK at Ser343 and activated its downstream effector MYL2, promoting ovarian cancer cell motility and metastasis. In addition, we found that adipocytes induced SIK2 phosphorylation at Ser358 and MYLK phosphorylation at Ser343, enhancing ovarian cancer cell motility. Moreover, SIK2 protein expression was positively correlated with the expression of MYLK‐pS343 in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues. The co‐expression of SIK2 and MYLK‐pS343 was associated with reduced median overall survival in human ovarian cancer samples. Taken together, SIK2 positively regulates ovarian cancer motility, migration and metastasis, suggesting that SIK2 is a potential candidate for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Yu
- Department of Imaging Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Shimin Bian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiutong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengqing Fu
- Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Robert C. Bast
- Department of Imaging Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Imaging Department The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology Soochow University Suzhou People’s Republic of China
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8
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FAK in Cancer: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031726. [PMID: 35163650 PMCID: PMC8836199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed and activated in many cancer types. FAK regulates diverse cellular processes, including growth factor signaling, cell cycle progression, cell survival, cell motility, angiogenesis, and the establishment of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments through kinase-dependent and kinase-independent scaffolding functions in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Mounting evidence has indicated that targeting FAK, either alone or in combination with other agents, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for various cancers. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying FAK-mediated signaling networks during tumor development. We also summarize the recent progress of FAK-targeted small-molecule compounds for anticancer activity from preclinical and clinical evidence.
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Fazil MHUT, Chirumamilla CS, Perez-Novo C, Wong BHS, Kumar S, Sze SK, Vanden Berghe W, Verma NK. The steroidal lactone withaferin A impedes T-cell motility by inhibiting the kinase ZAP70 and subsequent kinome signaling. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101377. [PMID: 34742736 PMCID: PMC8637146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The steroidal lactone withaferin A (WFA) is a dietary phytochemical, derived from Withania somnifera. It exhibits a wide range of biological properties, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antistress, and anticancer activities. Here we investigated the effect of WFA on T-cell motility, which is crucial for adaptive immune responses as well as autoimmune reactions. We found that WFA dose-dependently (within the concentration range of 0.3–1.25 μM) inhibited the ability of human T-cells to migrate via cross-linking of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) integrin with its ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Coimmunoprecipitation of WFA interacting proteins and subsequent tandem mass spectrometry identified a WFA-interactome consisting of 273 proteins in motile T-cells. In particular, our data revealed significant enrichment of the zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70) and cytoskeletal actin protein interaction networks upon stimulation. Phospho-peptide mapping and kinome analysis substantiated kinase signaling downstream of ZAP70 as a key WFA target, which was further confirmed by bait-pulldown and Western immunoblotting assays. The WFA-ZAP70 interaction was disrupted by a disulfide reducing agent dithiothreitol, suggesting an involvement of cysteine covalent binding interface. In silico docking predicted WFA binding to ZAP70 at cystine 560 and 564 residues. These findings provide a mechanistic insight whereby WFA binds to and inhibits the ZAP70 kinase and impedes T-cell motility. We therefore conclude that WFA may be exploited to pharmacologically control host immune responses and potentially prevent autoimmune-mediated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandra Sekhar Chirumamilla
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Claudina Perez-Novo
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Brandon Han Siang Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore; NTU Institute for Health Technologies (HealthTech NTU), Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES) and Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore.
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10
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Eschenbruch J, Dreissen G, Springer R, Konrad J, Merkel R, Hoffmann B, Noetzel E. From Microspikes to Stress Fibers: Actin Remodeling in Breast Acini Drives Myosin II-Mediated Basement Membrane Invasion. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081979. [PMID: 34440749 PMCID: PMC8394122 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms of basement membrane (BM) invasion remain poorly understood. We investigated the invasion-promoting mechanisms of actin cytoskeleton reorganization in BM-covered MCF10A breast acini. High-resolution confocal microscopy has characterized actin cell protrusion formation and function in response to tumor-resembling ECM stiffness and soluble EGF stimulation. Traction force microscopy quantified the mechanical BM stresses that invasion-triggered acini exerted on the BM-ECM interface. We demonstrate that acini use non-proteolytic actin microspikes as functional precursors of elongated protrusions to initiate BM penetration and ECM probing. Further, these microspikes mechanically widened the collagen IV pores to anchor within the BM scaffold via force-transmitting focal adhesions. Pre-invasive basal cells located at the BM-ECM interface exhibited predominantly cortical actin networks and actin microspikes. In response to pro-invasive conditions, these microspikes accumulated and converted subsequently into highly contractile stress fibers. The phenotypical switch to stress fiber cells matched spatiotemporally with emerging high BM stresses that were driven by actomyosin II contractility. The activation of proteolytic invadopodia with MT1-MMP occurred at later BM invasion stages and only in cells already disseminating into the ECM. Our study demonstrates that BM pore-widening filopodia bridge mechanical ECM probing function and contractility-driven BM weakening. Finally, these EMT-related cytoskeletal adaptations are critical mechanisms inducing the invasive transition of benign breast acini.
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11
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Rigiracciolo DC, Cirillo F, Talia M, Muglia L, Gutkind JS, Maggiolini M, Lappano R. Focal Adhesion Kinase Fine Tunes Multifaced Signals toward Breast Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040645. [PMID: 33562737 PMCID: PMC7915897 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most common diagnosed malignancy and the main leading cause of tumor-related death among women worldwide. Therefore, several efforts have been made in order to identify valuable molecular biomarkers for the prognosis and prediction of therapeutic responses in breast tumor patients. In this context, emerging discoveries have indicated that focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, might represent a promising target involved in breast tumorigenesis. Of note, high FAK expression and activity have been tightly correlated with a poor clinical outcome and metastatic features in several tumors, including breast cancer. Recently, a role for the integrin-FAK signaling in mechanotransduction has been suggested and the function of FAK within the breast tumor microenvironment has been ascertained toward tumor angiogenesis and vascular permeability. FAK has been also involved in cancer stem cells (CSCs)-mediated initiation, maintenance and therapeutic responses of breast tumors. In addition, the potential of FAK to elicit breast tumor-promoting effects has been even associated with the capability to modulate immune responses. On the basis of these findings, several agents targeting FAK have been exploited in diverse preclinical tumor models. Here, we recapitulate the multifaceted action exerted by FAK and its prognostic significance in breast cancer. Moreover, we highlight the recent clinical evidence regarding the usefulness of FAK inhibitors in the treatment of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Cosimo Rigiracciolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesca Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Marianna Talia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Lucia Muglia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Jorge Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (F.C.); (M.T.); (L.M.); (R.L.)
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12
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Bressan C, Saghatelyan A. Intrinsic Mechanisms Regulating Neuronal Migration in the Postnatal Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:620379. [PMID: 33519385 PMCID: PMC7838331 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.620379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a fundamental brain development process that allows cells to move from their birthplaces to their sites of integration. Although neuronal migration largely ceases during embryonic and early postnatal development, neuroblasts continue to be produced and to migrate to a few regions of the adult brain such as the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In the SVZ, a large number of neuroblasts migrate into the olfactory bulb (OB) along the rostral migratory stream (RMS). Neuroblasts migrate in chains in a tightly organized micro-environment composed of astrocytes that ensheath the chains of neuroblasts and regulate their migration; the blood vessels that are used by neuroblasts as a physical scaffold and a source of molecular factors; and axons that modulate neuronal migration. In addition to diverse sets of extrinsic micro-environmental cues, long-distance neuronal migration involves a number of intrinsic mechanisms, including membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling, Ca2+ signaling, mitochondria dynamics, energy consumption, and autophagy. All these mechanisms are required to cope with the different micro-environment signals and maintain cellular homeostasis in order to sustain the proper dynamics of migrating neuroblasts and their faithful arrival in the target regions. Neuroblasts in the postnatal brain not only migrate into the OB but may also deviate from their normal path to migrate to a site of injury induced by a stroke or by certain neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will focus on the intrinsic mechanisms that regulate long-distance neuroblast migration in the adult brain and on how these pathways may be modulated to control the recruitment of neuroblasts to damaged/diseased brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Bressan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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13
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Sun J, Qiao YN, Tao T, Zhao W, Wei LS, Li YQ, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhou YW, Zheng YY, Chen X, Pan HC, Zhang XN, Zhu MS. Distinct Roles of Smooth Muscle and Non-muscle Myosin Light Chain-Mediated Smooth Muscle Contraction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:593966. [PMID: 33424621 PMCID: PMC7793928 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.593966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both smooth muscle (SM) and non-muscle (NM) myosin II are expressed in hollow organs such as the bladder and uterus, but their respective roles in contraction and corresponding physiological functions remain to be determined. In this report, we assessed their roles by analyzing mice deficient of Myl9, a gene encoding the SM myosin regulatory light chain (SM RLC). We find that global Myl9-deficient bladders contracted with an apparent sustained phase, despite no initial phase. This sustained contraction was mediated by NM myosin RLC (NM RLC) phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). NM myosin II was expressed abundantly in the uterus and young mice bladders, of which the force was accordingly sensitive to NM myosin inhibition. Our findings reveal distinct roles of SM RLC and NM RLC in SM contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ning Qiao
- Key Laboratory of MOE for Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Sha Wei
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Qiong Li
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhou
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zheng
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Chun Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xue-Na Zhang
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- Model Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Wei L, Zheng YY, Sun J, Wang P, Tao T, Li Y, Chen X, Sang Y, Chong D, Zhao W, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Qiu T, Li CJ, Zhu MS, Zhang X. GGPP depletion initiates metaflammation through disequilibrating CYB5R3-dependent eicosanoid metabolism. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15988-16001. [PMID: 32913122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metaflammation is a primary inflammatory complication of metabolic disorders characterized by altered production of many inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and lipid mediators. Whereas multiple inflammation networks have been identified, the mechanisms by which metaflammation is initiated have long been controversial. As the mevalonate pathway (MVA) produces abundant bioactive isoprenoids and abnormal MVA has a phenotypic association with inflammation/immunity, we speculate that isoprenoids from the MVA may provide a causal link between metaflammation and metabolic disorders. Using a line with the MVA isoprenoid producer geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) deleted, we find that geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) depletion causes an apparent metaflammation as evidenced by abnormal accumulation of fatty acids, eicosanoid intermediates, and proinflammatory cytokines. We also find that GGPP prenylate cytochrome b 5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) and the prenylated CYB5R3 then translocate from the mitochondrial to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pool. As CYB5R3 is a critical NADH-dependent reductase necessary for eicosanoid metabolism in ER, we thus suggest that GGPP-mediated CYB5R3 prenylation is necessary for metabolism. In addition, we observe that pharmacological inhibition of the MVA pathway by simvastatin is sufficient to inhibit CYB5R3 translocation and induces smooth muscle death. Therefore, we conclude that the dysregulation of MVA intermediates is an essential mechanism for metaflammation initiation, in which the imbalanced production of eicosanoid intermediates in the ER serve as an important pathogenic factor. Moreover, the interplay of MVA and eicosanoid metabolism as we reported here illustrates a model for the coordinating regulation among metabolite pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yeqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongjuan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyang Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuena Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center and Medical School of Nanjing University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Yao Y, Feng Q, Shen J. Myosin light chain kinase regulates intestinal permeability of mucosal homeostasis in Crohn's disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:1127-1141. [PMID: 33183108 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1850269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Researchers have investigated the potential role of intestinal permeability in Crohn's disease pathogenesis. Intestinal permeability is usually mediated by cytoskeleton and intercellular junctions. The myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is an enzyme that activates the myosin light chain to exert its function related to cytoskeleton contraction and tight junction regulation. The correlation between MLCK and Crohn's disease pathogenesis has been consistently proven. Areas covered: This study aims to expand the understanding of the regulation and function of MLCK in Crohn's disease. An extensive literature search in the MEDLINE database (via PubMed) has been performed up to Oct. 2020. The roles of MLCK in tight junction activation, intestinal permeability enhancement, and cell signal regulation are comprehensively discussed. Expert opinion: Targeting the MLCK-related pathways such as TNF-α in CD treatment has been put into clinical use. More accurate targeting such as MLCK and TNFR2 has been proposed to reduce side effects. MLCK may also have the potential to become biomarkers in fields like CD activity. With the application of cutting age research methods and tools, the MLCK research could be accelerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Yao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Radiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
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16
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Shi H, Wang J, Liu F, Hu X, Lu Y, Yan S, Dai D, Yang X, Zhu Z, Guo Q. Proteome and phosphoproteome profiling reveals the regulation mechanism of hibernation in a freshwater leech (Whitmania pigra). J Proteomics 2020; 229:103866. [PMID: 32736137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hibernation is an energy-saving and adaptive strategy adopted by leech, an important medicinal resource in Asia, to survive low temperature. Reversible protein phosphorylation (RPP) plays a key role in the regulation of mammalian hibernation processes but has never been documented in freshwater invertebrate such as leech. In this study, we detected the effects of hibernation on the proteome and phosphoproteome of the leech Whitmania pigra. A total of 2184 proteins and 2598 sites were quantified. Deep-hibernation resulted in 85 up-regulated and 107 down-regulated proteins and 318 up-regulated and 204 down-regulated phosphosites using a 1.5-fold threshold (P<0.05). Proteins involved in protein digestion and absorption, amino acid metabolism and N-glycan biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated during deep-hibernation. However, proteins involved in maintaining cell structure stability in hibernating animals were up-regulated. Differentially phosphorylated proteins provided the first global picture of a shift in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, cytoprotection and signaling during deep hibernation. Furthermore, AMP-activated protein kinase and protein kinase C play major roles in the regulation of these functional processes. These data significantly improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of leech hibernation processes and provides substantial candidate phosphorylated proteins that could be important for functionally adapt in freshwater animals. SIGNIFICANCE: The leech Whitmania pigra as an important medicinal resource in Asia is an excellent model freshwater invertebrate for studies of environmentally-induced hibernation. The present study provides the first quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomic analysis of leech hibernation using isobaric tag based TMT labeling and high-resolution mass spectrometry. These data significantly improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms when ectotherm animals face environmental stress and provides substantial candidate phosphorylated proteins that could be important for functionally adapt in freshwater animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhuan Shi
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangjing Hu
- Jingjie PTM Biolabs (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Jingjie PTM Biolabs (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shimeng Yan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daoxin Dai
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xibin Yang
- Jingjie PTM Biolabs (Hangzhou) Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zaibiao Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiaosheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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17
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Catacuzzeno L, Sforna L, Esposito V, Limatola C, Franciolini F. Ion Channels in Glioma Malignancy. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:223-267. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Myosin light chain kinase is a potential target for hypopharyngeal cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110665. [PMID: 32920510 PMCID: PMC8122670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with the worst prognosis among the head and neck cancers. Overall, the 5-year survival rate remains poor although diagnostic imaging, radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical techniques have been improved. The mortality of patients with hypopharyngeal cancer is partly due to an increased likelihood of developing a second primary malignancy and metastasis. In this study, we found that MLCK expression, compared to healthy tissue, was up-regulated in hypopharyngeal tumor tissue. Of particular interest, a low 5-year survival rate was positively correlated with MLCK expression. We hypothesized that MLCK might be a target for hypopharyngeal cancer prognosis and treatment. In order to explore the function of MLCK in the development of cancer, we knockdown MLCK in hypopharyngeal cancer FaDu cells. The results showed that MLCK knockdown reduced the migration and invasion of FaDu cells. 4-amino-2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl retinate (ATPR) is the derivative of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which was able to reduce both MLCK expression and activity in FaDu cells. ATPR induced FaDu cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and also inhibited cell growth both in vivo and in vitro. Further experiments showed that overexpression of MLCK reduced ATPR induced-migration inhibition while increase of ATPR induced apoptosis, which suggested that MLCK was involved in ATPR's anti-cancer function. In conclusion, MLCK is a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for hypopharyngeal cancer. By targeting MLCK, ATPR exhibits its potential application in the treatment of this type of cancer.
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Abstract
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous and dynamic second messenger molecule that is induced by many factors including receptor activation, environmental factors, and voltage, leading to pleiotropic effects on cell function including changes in migration, metabolism and transcription. As such, it is not surprising that aberrant regulation of Ca2+ signals can lead to pathological phenotypes, including cancer progression. However, given the highly context-specific nature of Ca2+-dependent changes in cell function, delineation of its role in cancer has been a challenge. Herein, we discuss the distinct roles of Ca2+ signaling within and between each type of cancer, including consideration of the potential of therapeutic strategies targeting these signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gross
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pranava Mallu
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hinal Joshi
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bryant Schultz
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christina Go
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Soboloff
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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20
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Catharmus tinctorius volatile oil promote the migration of mesenchymal stem cells via ROCK2/Myosin light chain signaling. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 17:506-516. [PMID: 31514982 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MSC transplantation has been explored as a new clinical approach to stem cell-based therapies for bone diseases in regenerative medicine due to their osteogenic capability. However, only a small population of implanted MSC could successfully reach the injured areas. Therefore, enhancing MSC migration could be a beneficial strategy to improve the therapeutic potential of cell transplantation. Catharmus tinctorius volatile oil (CTVO) was found to facilitate MSC migration. Further exploration of the underlying molecular mechanism participating in the pro-migratory ability may provide a novel strategy to improve MSC transplantation efficacy. This study indicated that CTVO promotes MSC migration through enhancing ROCK2 mRNA and protein expressions. MSC migration induced by CTVO was blunted by ROCK2 inhibitor, which also decreased myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Meanwhile, the siRNA for ROCK2 inhibited the effect of CTVO on MSC migration ability and attenuated MLC phosphorylation, suggesting that CTVO may promote BMSC migration via the ROCK2/MLC signaling. Taken together, this study indicates that C. tinctorius volatile oil could enhance MSC migration via ROCK2/MLC signaling in vitro. C. tinctorius volatile oil-targeted therapy could be a beneficial strategy to improve the therapeutic potential of cell transplantation for bone diseases in regenerative medicine.
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21
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X Cai L, Tanada Y, D Bello G, C Fleming J, F Alkassis F, Ladd T, Golde T, Koh J, Chen S, Kasahara H. Cardiac MLC2 kinase is localized to the Z-disc and interacts with α-actinin2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12580. [PMID: 31467300 PMCID: PMC6715661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractility is enhanced by phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) by cardiac-specific MLC kinase (cMLCK), located at the neck region of myosin heavy chain. In normal mouse and human hearts, the level of phosphorylation is maintained relatively constant, at around 30-40% of total MLC2, likely by well-balanced phosphorylation and phosphatase-dependent dephosphorylation. Overexpression of cMLCK promotes sarcomere organization, while the loss of cMLCK leads to cardiac atrophy in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we showed that cMLCK is predominantly expressed at the Z-disc with additional diffuse cytosolic expression in normal adult mouse and human hearts. cMLCK interacts with the Z-disc protein, α-actinin2, with a high-affinity kinetic value of 13.4 ± 0.1 nM through the N-terminus region of cMLCK unique to cardiac-isoform. cMLCK mutant deficient for interacting with α-actinin2 did not promote sarcomeric organization and reduced cardiomyocyte cell size. In contrast, a cMLCK kinase-deficient mutant showed effects similar to wild-type cMLCK on sarcomeric organization and cardiomyocyte cell size. Our results suggest that cMLCK plays a role in sarcomere organization, likely distinct from its role in phosphorylating MLC2, both of which will contribute to the enhancement of cardiac contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence X Cai
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yohei Tanada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gregory D Bello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - James C Fleming
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Fariz F Alkassis
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Thomas Ladd
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Todd Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jin Koh
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (ICBR), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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22
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Cheng YC, Tsao MJ, Chiu CY, Kan PC, Chen Y. Magnolol Inhibits Human Glioblastoma Cell Migration by Regulating N-Cadherin. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:426-436. [PMID: 29788114 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a primary malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis. An effective treatment for glioblastoma is needed. Magnolol is a natural compound from Magnolia officinalis suggested to have antiproliferative activity. The aim of this research was to investigate the anticancer effects of magnolol in glioma, with an emphasis on migration and the underlying mechanism. Magnolol decreased the expression of focal adhesion-related proteins and inhibited LN229 and U87MG glioma cell migration. The levels of phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC), phosphorylated myosin light chain kinase and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 were reduced in response to magnolol treatment. In addition, immunostaining and membrane fractionation showed that the distribution of N-cadherin at the glioma cell membrane was decreased by magnolol. In an orthotropic xenograft animal model, magnolol treatment not only inhibited tumor progression but also reduced p-MLC and N-cadherin protein expression. In conclusion, magnolol reduces cell migration, potentially through regulating focal adhesions and N-cadherin in glioma cells. Magnolol is a potential candidate for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jen Tsao
- Department of General Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Chiu
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chieh Kan
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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23
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Xia N, Cui J, Zhu M, Xing R, Lu Y. Androgen receptor variant 12 promotes migration and invasion by regulating MYLK in gastric cancer. J Pathol 2019; 248:304-315. [PMID: 30737779 DOI: 10.1002/path.5257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) and its variants (AR-Vs) promote tumorigenesis and metastasis in many hormone-related cancers, such as breast, prostate and hepatocellular cancers. However, the expression patterns and underlying molecular mechanisms of AR in gastric cancer (GC) are not fully understood. This study aimed to detect the expression of AR-Vs in GC and explored their role in metastasis of GC. Here, the AR expression form was identified in GC cell lines and tissues by RT-PCR and qPCR. Transwell assays and experimental lung metastasis animal models were used to assess the function of AR in cell migration and invasion. Downstream targets of AR were screened by bioinformatics, and identified by luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. AR-v12 was identified as the main expression form in GC cell lines and tissues. Different from full length of AR, AR-v12 was localized to the nucleus independent of androgen. Upregulation of AR-v12 in primary GC tissues was significantly associated with metastasis. Overexpression of AR-v12 promoted migration and invasion independent of androgen. Knockdown of AR-v12 inhibited migration and invasion in vitro, as well as metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, AR-v12, serving as a transcription factor, promoted metastasis through regulating the promoter activity of MYLK. In AR-v12 overexpressing cells, knockdown of MYLK inhibited cell migration and invasion, while in AR-v12 knocked-down cells, overexpression of MYLK promoted cell migration and invasion. Collectively, our study demonstrates that AR-v12 is highly expressed in GC tissues and promotes migration and invasion through directly regulating MYLK. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Min Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Rui Xing
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China
| | - Youyong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, PR China
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24
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Franco JJ, Atieh Y, Bryan CD, Kwan KM, Eisenhoffer GT. Cellular crowding influences extrusion and proliferation to facilitate epithelial tissue repair. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1890-1899. [PMID: 30785842 PMCID: PMC6727764 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial wound healing requires a complex orchestration of cellular rearrangements and movements to restore tissue architecture and function after injury. While it is well known that mechanical forces can affect tissue morphogenesis and patterning, how the biophysical cues generated after injury influence cellular behaviors during tissue repair is not well understood. Using time-lapse confocal imaging of epithelial tissues in living zebrafish larvae, we provide evidence that localized increases in cellular crowding during wound closure promote the extrusion of nonapoptotic cells via mechanically regulated stretch-activated ion channels (SACs). Directed cell migration toward the injury site promoted rapid changes in cell number and generated shifts in tension at cellular interfaces over long spatial distances. Perturbation of SAC activity resulted in failed extrusion and increased proliferation in crowded areas of the tissue. Together, we conclude that localized cell number plays a key role in dictating cellular behaviors that facilitate wound closure and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovany J Franco
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251
| | - Youmna Atieh
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Chase D Bryan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Kristen M Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - George T Eisenhoffer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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25
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Colchicine reduces platelet aggregation by modulating cytoskeleton rearrangement via inhibition of cofilin and LIM domain kinase 1. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 111:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Role of KCa3.1 Channels in Modulating Ca 2+ Oscillations during Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102970. [PMID: 30274242 PMCID: PMC6213908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion in glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal form of primary brain tumors, are critically dependent on Ca2+ signaling. Increases of [Ca2+]i in GBM cells often result from Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), promoted by a variety of agents present in the tumor microenvironment and able to activate the phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate PLC/IP3 pathway. The Ca2+ signaling is further strengthened by the Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) currents sustained by Orai/STIM channels, meant to replenish the partially depleted ER. Notably, the elevated cytosolic [Ca2+]i activates the intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K (KCa3.1) channels highly expressed in the plasma membrane of GBM cells, and the resulting K+ efflux hyperpolarizes the cell membrane. This translates to an enhancement of Ca2+ entry through Orai/STIM channels as a result of the increased electromotive (driving) force on Ca2+ influx, ending with the establishment of a recurrent cycle reinforcing the Ca2+ signal. Ca2+ signaling in migrating GBM cells often emerges in the form of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, instrumental to promote key processes in the migratory cycle. This has suggested that KCa3.1 channels may promote GBM cell migration by inducing or modulating the shape of Ca2+ oscillations. In accordance, we recently built a theoretical model of Ca2+ oscillations incorporating the KCa3.1 channel-dependent dynamics of the membrane potential, and found that the KCa3.1 channel activity could significantly affect the IP3 driven Ca2+ oscillations. Here we review our new theoretical model of Ca2+ oscillations in GBM, upgraded in the light of better knowledge of the KCa3.1 channel kinetics and Ca2+ sensitivity, the dynamics of the Orai/STIM channel modulation, the migration and invasion mechanisms of GBM cells, and their regulation by Ca2+ signals.
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27
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Kelley CA, Wirshing ACE, Zaidel-Bar R, Cram EJ. The myosin light-chain kinase MLCK-1 relocalizes during Caenorhabditis elegans ovulation to promote actomyosin bundle assembly and drive contraction. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1975-1991. [PMID: 30088798 PMCID: PMC6232974 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify the Caenorhabditis elegans myosin light-chain kinase, MLCK-1, required for contraction of spermathecae. During contraction, MLCK-1 moves from the apical cell boundaries to the basal actomyosin bundles, where it stabilizes myosin downstream of calcium signaling. MLCK and ROCK act in distinct subsets of cells to coordinate the timing of contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Erin J Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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28
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Garcia MA, Nelson WJ, Chavez N. Cell-Cell Junctions Organize Structural and Signaling Networks. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029181. [PMID: 28600395 PMCID: PMC5773398 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions link cells to each other in tissues, and regulate tissue homeostasis in critical cell processes that include tissue barrier function, cell proliferation, and migration. Defects in cell-cell junctions give rise to a wide range of tissue abnormalities that disrupt homeostasis and are common in genetic abnormalities and cancers. Here, we discuss the organization and function of cell-cell junctions primarily involved in adhesion (tight junction, adherens junction, and desmosomes) in two different epithelial tissues: a simple epithelium (intestine) and a stratified epithelium (epidermis). Studies in these tissues reveal similarities and differences in the organization and functions of different cell-cell junctions that meet the requirements for the specialized functions of each tissue. We discuss cell-cell junction responses to genetic and environmental perturbations that provide further insights into their roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Garcia
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Natalie Chavez
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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29
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Rajagopal V, Holmes WR, Lee PVS. Computational modeling of single-cell mechanics and cytoskeletal mechanobiology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10:e1407. [PMID: 29195023 PMCID: PMC5836888 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular cytoskeletal mechanics plays a major role in many aspects of human health from organ development to wound healing, tissue homeostasis and cancer metastasis. We summarize the state-of-the-art techniques for mathematically modeling cellular stiffness and mechanics and the cytoskeletal components and factors that regulate them. We highlight key experiments that have assisted model parameterization and compare the advantages of different models that have been used to recapitulate these experiments. An overview of feed-forward mechanisms from signaling to cytoskeleton remodeling is provided, followed by a discussion of the rapidly growing niche of encapsulating feedback mechanisms from cytoskeletal and cell mechanics to signaling. We discuss broad areas of advancement that could accelerate research and understanding of cellular mechanobiology. A precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms that affect cell and tissue mechanics and function will underpin innovations in medical device technologies of the future. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2018, 10:e1407. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1407 This article is categorized under: Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Rajagopal
- Cell Structure and Mechanobiology Group, Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - William R. Holmes
- Department of Physics and AstronomyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Peter Vee Sin Lee
- Cell and Tissue Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
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30
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Buckley A, Turner JR. Cell Biology of Tight Junction Barrier Regulation and Mucosal Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029314. [PMID: 28507021 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells. In the intestine, the epithelium establishes a selectively permeable barrier that supports nutrient absorption and waste secretion while preventing intrusion by luminal materials. Intestinal epithelia therefore play a central role in regulating interactions between the mucosal immune system and luminal contents, which include dietary antigens, a diverse intestinal microbiome, and pathogens. The paracellular space is sealed by the tight junction, which is maintained by a complex network of protein interactions. Tight junction dysfunction has been linked to a variety of local and systemic diseases. Two molecularly and biophysically distinct pathways across the intestinal tight junction are selectively and differentially regulated by inflammatory stimuli. This review discusses the mechanisms underlying these events, their impact on disease, and the potential of using these as paradigms for development of tight junction-targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Buckley
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Gastroenterology), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Gastroenterology), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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31
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Real-Hohn A, Provance DW, Gonçalves RB, Denani CB, de Oliveira AC, Salerno VP, Oliveira Gomes AM. Impairing the function of MLCK, myosin Va or myosin Vb disrupts Rhinovirus B14 replication. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17153. [PMID: 29215055 PMCID: PMC5719429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Together, the three human rhinovirus (RV) species are the most frequent cause of the common cold. Because of their high similarity with other viral species of the genus Enterovirus, within the large family Picornaviridae, studies on RV infectious activities often offer a less pathogenic model for more aggressive enteroviruses, e.g. poliovirus or EV71. Picornaviruses enter via receptor mediated endocytosis and replicate in the cytosol. Most of them depend on functional F-actin, Rab proteins, and probably motor proteins. To assess the latter, we evaluated the role of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and two myosin V isoforms (Va and Vb) in RV-B14 infection. We report that ML-9, a very specific MLCK inhibitor, dramatically reduced RV-B14 entry. We also demonstrate that RV-B14 infection in cells expressing dominant-negative forms of myosin Va and Vb was impaired after virus entry. Using immunofluorescent localization and immunoprecipitation, we show that myosin Va co-localized with RV-B14 exclusively after viral entry (15 min post infection) and that myosin Vb was present in the clusters of newly synthesized RNA in infected cells. These clusters, observed at 180 min post infection, are reminiscent of replication sites. Taken together, these results identify myosin light chain kinase, myosin Va and myosin Vb as new players in RV-B14 infection that participate directly or indirectly in different stages of the viral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Real-Hohn
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Biociências da Atividade Física, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal Rio do Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - D William Provance
- Center for Technological Development in Health, National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Braga Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caio Bidueira Denani
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cheble de Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Verônica P Salerno
- Departamento de Biociências da Atividade Física, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal Rio do Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andre Marco Oliveira Gomes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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32
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Gonzalez-Salinas R, Hernández-Zimbrón LF, Gulias-Cañizo R, Sánchez-Vela MA, Ochoa-De La Paz L, Zamora R, Quiroz-Mercado H. Current Anti-Integrin Therapy for Ocular Disease. Semin Ophthalmol 2017; 33:634-642. [DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2017.1388411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosario Gulias-Cañizo
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
- Cell Biology Department, Advanced Research Center, I.P.N. (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Lenin Ochoa-De La Paz
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
- Biochemistry Department, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hugo Quiroz-Mercado
- Research Department, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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33
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Pontes B, Monzo P, Gauthier NC. Membrane tension: A challenging but universal physical parameter in cell biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 71:30-41. [PMID: 28851599 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane separates the interior of cells from the outside environment. The membrane tension, defined as the force per unit length acting on a cross-section of membrane, regulates many vital biological processes. In this review, we summarize the first historical findings and the latest advances, showing membrane tension as an important physical parameter in cell biology. We also discuss how this parameter must be better integrated and we propose experimental approaches for key unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pontes
- LPO-COPEA, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Pascale Monzo
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nils C Gauthier
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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34
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Baumann F, Bauer MS, Rees M, Alexandrovich A, Gautel M, Pippig DA, Gaub HE. Increasing evidence of mechanical force as a functional regulator in smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28696205 PMCID: PMC5505704 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive proteins are key players in cytoskeletal remodeling, muscle contraction, cell migration and differentiation processes. Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) is a member of a diverse group of serine/threonine kinases that feature cytoskeletal association. Its catalytic activity is triggered by a conformational change upon Ca2+/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) binding. Due to its significant homology with the force-activated titin kinase, smMLCK is suspected to be also regulatable by mechanical stress. In this study, a CaM-independent activation mechanism for smMLCK by mechanical release of the inhibitory elements is investigated via high throughput AFM single-molecule force spectroscopy. The characteristic pattern of transitions between different smMLCK states and their variations in the presence of different substrates and ligands are presented. Interaction between kinase domain and regulatory light chain (RLC) substrate is identified in the absence of CaM, indicating restored substrate-binding capability due to mechanically induced removal of the auto-inhibitory regulatory region. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26473.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Baumann
- Chair for Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Magnus Sebastian Bauer
- Chair for Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Rees
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Alexandrovich
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Angela Pippig
- Chair for Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann Eduard Gaub
- Chair for Applied Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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35
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Xiong Y, Wang C, Shi L, Wang L, Zhou Z, Chen D, Wang J, Guo H. Myosin Light Chain Kinase: A Potential Target for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:292. [PMID: 28588494 PMCID: PMC5440522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) induces contraction of the perijunctional apical actomyosin ring in response to phosphorylation of the myosin light chain. Abnormal expression of MLCK has been observed in respiratory diseases, pancreatitis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. The signaling pathways involved in MLCK activation and triggering of endothelial barrier dysfunction are discussed in this review. The pharmacological effects of regulating MLCK expression by inhibitors such as ML-9, ML-7, microbial products, naturally occurring products, and microRNAs are also discussed. The influence of MLCK in inflammatory diseases starts with endothelial barrier dysfunction. The effectiveness of anti-MLCK treatment may depend on alleviation of that primary pathological mechanism. This review summarizes evidence for the potential benefits of anti-MLCK agents in the treatment of inflammatory disease and the importance of avoiding treatment-related side effects, as MLCK is widely expressed in many different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Xiong
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Chenou Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Liqiang Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Zijuan Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Huishu Guo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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Qin X, Liu S, Lu Q, Zhang M, Jiang X, Hu S, Li J, Zhang C, Gao J, Zhu MS, Feil R, Li H, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Heterotrimeric G Stimulatory Protein α Subunit Is Required for Intestinal Smooth Muscle Contraction in Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1114-1125.e5. [PMID: 28043906 PMCID: PMC7430528 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The α subunit of the heterotrimeric G stimulatory protein (Gsa), encoded by the guanine nucleotide binding protein, α-stimulating gene (Gnas, in mice), is expressed ubiquitously and mediates receptor-stimulated production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and activation of the protein kinase A signaling pathway. We investigated the roles of Gsa in vivo in smooth muscle cells of mice. METHODS We performed studies of mice with Cre recombinase-mediated disruption of Gnas in smooth muscle cells (GsaSMKO and SM22-CreERT2, induced in adult mice by tamoxifen). Intestinal tissues were collected for histologic, biochemical, molecular, cell biology, and physiology analyses. Intestinal function was assessed in mice using the whole-gut transit time test. We compared gene expression patterns of intestinal smooth muscle from mice with vs without disruption of Gnas. Biopsy specimens from ileum of patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and age-matched control biopsies were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Disruption of Gnas in smooth muscle of mice reduced intestinal motility and led to death within 4 weeks. Tamoxifen-induced disruption of Gnas in adult mice impaired contraction of intestinal smooth muscle and peristalsis. More than 80% of these died within 3 months of tamoxifen exposure, with features of intestinal pseudo-obstruction characterized by chronic intestinal dilation and dysmotility. Gsa deficiency reduced intestinal levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and transcriptional activity of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein 1 (CREB1); this resulted in decreased expression of the forkhead box F1 gene (Foxf1) and protein, and contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chain 11; actin, α2, smooth muscle, aorta; calponin 1; and myosin light chain kinase. We found decreased levels of Gsa, FOXF1, CREB1, and phosphorylated CREB1 proteins in intestinal muscle layers of patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, compared with tissues from controls. CONCLUSIONS Gsa is required for intestinal smooth muscle contraction in mice, and its levels are reduced in ileum biopsies of patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Mice with disruption of Gnas might be used to study human chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangming Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuxin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie (IFIB), Signaltransduktion - Transgene Modelle, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Huashun Li
- ATCG Cancer Center, ATCG Corporation Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lee S Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Khapchaev AY, Shirinsky VP. Myosin Light Chain Kinase MYLK1: Anatomy, Interactions, Functions, and Regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1676-1697. [PMID: 28260490 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791613006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses and summarizes the results of molecular and cellular investigations of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK, MYLK1), the key regulator of cell motility. The structure and regulation of a complex mylk1 gene and the domain organization of its products is presented. The interactions of the mylk1 gene protein products with other proteins and posttranslational modifications of the mylk1 gene protein products are reviewed, which altogether might determine the role and place of MLCK in physiological and pathological reactions of cells and entire organisms. Translational potential of MLCK as a drug target is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Khapchaev
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
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Bouin AP, Kyurmurkov A, Régent-Kloeckner M, Ribba AS, Faurobert E, Fournier HN, Bourrin-Reynard I, Manet-Dupé S, Oddou C, Balland M, Planus E, Albiges-Rizo C. ICAP-1 monoubiquitination coordinates matrix density and rigidity sensing for cell migration through ROCK2- MRCKα balance. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:626-636. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a complex process requiring density and rigidity sensing of the microenvironment to adapt cell migratory speed through focal adhesion and actin cytoskeleton regulation. ICAP-1, a β1 integrin partner, is essential for ensuring integrin activation cycle and focal adhesion formation. We show that ICAP-1 is monoubiquitinated by Smurf1, preventing ICAP-1 binding to β1 integrin. The non-ubiquitinable form of ICAP-1 modifies β1 integrin focal adhesion organization and interferes with fibronectin density sensing. ICAP-1 is also required for adapting cell migration in response to substrate stiffness in a β1 integrin-independent manner. ICAP-1 monoubiquitination regulates rigidity sensing by increasing MRCKα-dependent cell contractility through myosin phosphorylation independently of substrate rigidity. We provide evidence that ICAP-1 monoubiquitination helps in switching from ROCK2-mediated to MRCKα-mediated cell contractility. ICAP-1 monoubiquitination serves as a molecular switch to coordinate extracellular matrix density and rigidity sensing thus acting as a critical modulator of cell migration and mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Pascale Bouin
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Kyurmurkov
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Myriam Régent-Kloeckner
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Ribba
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Eva Faurobert
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Henri-Noël Fournier
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Ingrid Bourrin-Reynard
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandra Manet-Dupé
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christiane Oddou
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Martial Balland
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5588Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- INSERM U1209, Grenoble, F-38042, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS UMR 5309, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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Sundararajan V, Gengenbacher N, Stemmler MP, Kleemann JA, Brabletz T, Brabletz S. The ZEB1/miR-200c feedback loop regulates invasion via actin interacting proteins MYLK and TKS5. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27083-96. [PMID: 26334100 PMCID: PMC4694975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process which is aberrantly activated during cancer invasion and metastasis. Elevated expression of EMT-inducers like ZEB1 enables tumor cells to detach from the primary tumor and invade into the surrounding tissue. The main antagonist of ZEB1 in controlling EMT is the microRNA-200 family that is reciprocally linked to ZEB1 in a double negative feedback loop. Here, we further elucidate how the ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop controls invasion of tumor cells. The process of EMT is attended by major changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Via in silico screening of genes encoding for actin interacting proteins, we identified two novel targets of miR-200c - TKS5 and MYLK (MLCK). Co-expression of both genes with ZEB1 was observed in several cancer cell lines as well as in breast cancer patients and correlated with low miR-200c levels. Depletion of TKS5 or MYLK in breast cancer cells reduced their invasive potential and their ability to form invadopodia. Whereas TKS5 is known to be a major component, we could identify MYLK as a novel player in invadopodia formation. In summary, TKS5 and MYLK represent two mediators of invasive behavior of cancer cells that are regulated by the ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundararajan
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia A Kleemann
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Li L, Wu X, Yue HY, Zhu YC, Xu J. Myosin light chain kinase facilitates endocytosis of synaptic vesicles at hippocampal boutons. J Neurochem 2016; 138:60-73. [PMID: 27062289 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At nerve terminals, endocytosis efficiently recycles vesicle membrane to maintain synaptic transmission under different levels of neuronal activity. Ca(2+) and its downstream signal pathways are critical for the activity-dependent regulation of endocytosis. An activity- and Ca(2+) -dependent kinase, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) has been reported to regulate vesicle mobilization, vesicle cycling, and motility in different synapses, but whether it has a general contribution to regulation of endocytosis at nerve terminals remains unknown. We investigated this issue at rat hippocampal boutons by imaging vesicle endocytosis as the real-time retrieval of vesicular synaptophysin tagged with a pH-sensitive green fluorescence protein. We found that endocytosis induced by 200 action potentials (5-40 Hz) was slowed by acute inhibition of MLCK and down-regulation of MLCK with RNA interference, while the total amount of vesicle exocytosis and somatic Ca(2+) channel current did not change with MLCK down-regulation. Acute inhibition of myosin II similarly impaired endocytosis. Furthermore, down-regulation of MLCK prevented depolarization-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain, an effect shared by blockers of Ca(2+) channels and calmodulin. These results suggest that MLCK facilitates vesicle endocytosis through activity-dependent phosphorylation of myosin downstream of Ca(2+) /calmodulin, probably as a widely existing mechanism among synapses. Our study suggests that MLCK is an important activity-dependent regulator of vesicle recycling in hippocampal neurons, which are critical for learning and memory. The kinetics of vesicle membrane endocytosis at nerve terminals has long been known to depend on activity and Ca(2+) . This study provides evidence suggesting that myosin light chain kinase increases endocytosis efficiency at hippocampal neurons by mediating Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of myosin. The authors propose that this signal cascade may serve as a common pathway contributing to the activity-dependent regulation of vesicle endocytosis at synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Yuan Yue
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yong-Chuan Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Massengill MT, Ashraf HM, Chowdhury RR, Chrzanowski SM, Kar J, Warren SA, Walter GA, Zeng H, Kang BH, Anderson RH, Moss RL, Kasahara H. Acute heart failure with cardiomyocyte atrophy induced in adult mice by ablation of cardiac myosin light chain kinase. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 111:34-43. [PMID: 27025239 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Under pressure overload, initial adaptive hypertrophy of the heart is followed by cardiomyocyte elongation, reduced contractile force, and failure. The mechanisms governing the transition to failure are not fully understood. Pressure overload reduced cardiac myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK) by ∼80% within 1 week and persists. Knockdown of cMLCK in cardiomyocytes resulted in reduced cardiac contractility and sarcomere disorganization. Thus, we hypothesized that acute reduction of cMLCK may be causative for reduced contractility and cardiomyocyte remodelling during the transition from compensated to decompensated cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS To mimic acute cMLCK reduction in adult hearts, the floxed-Mylk3 gene that encodes cMLCK was inducibly ablated in Mylk3(flox/flox)/merCremer mice (Mylk3-KO), and compared with two control mice (Mylk3(flox/flox) and Mylk3(+/+)/merCremer) following tamoxifen injection (50 mg/kg/day, 2 consecutive days). In Mylk3-KO mice, reduction of cMLCK protein was evident by 4 days, with a decline to below the level of detection by 6 days. By 7 days, these mice exhibited heart failure, with reduction of fractional shortening compared with those in two control groups (19.8 vs. 28.0% and 27.7%). Severely convoluted cardiomyocytes with sarcomeric disorganization, wavy fibres, and cell death were demonstrated in Mylk3-KO mice. The cardiomyocytes were also unable to thicken adaptively to pressure overload. CONCLUSION Our results, using a new mouse model mimicking an acute reduction of cMLCK, suggest that cMLCK plays a pivotal role in the transition from compensated to decompensated hypertrophy via sarcomeric disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Massengill
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Hassan M Ashraf
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Rajib R Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Stephen M Chrzanowski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Jeena Kar
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Sonisha A Warren
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Glenn A Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
| | - Huadong Zeng
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- Electron Microscopy and Bio-imaging Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Richard L Moss
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, M543, Gainesville, FL 32610-0274, USA
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Kim DY, Helfman DM. Loss of MLCK leads to disruption of cell-cell adhesion and invasive behavior of breast epithelial cells via increased expression of EGFR and ERK/JNK signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4495-508. [PMID: 26876209 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression is downregulated in breast cancer, including invasive ductal carcinoma compared with ductal breast carcinoma in situ and metastatic breast tumors. However, little is known about how loss of MLCK expression contributes to tumor progression. MLCK is a component of the actin cytoskeleton and its known role is the phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of myosin II. To gain insights into the role of MLCK in breast cancer, we perturbed its function using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or pharmacological inhibition in untransformed breast epithelial cells (MCF10A). Loss of MLCK by siRNAs led to increased cell migration and invasion, disruption of cell-cell adhesions and enhanced formation of focal adhesions at the leading edge of migratory cells. In addition, downregulation of MLCK cooperated with HER2 in MCF10A cells to promote cell migration and invasion and low levels of MLCK is associated with a poor prognosis in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Associated with these altered migratory behaviors were increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways in MLCK downregulated MCF10A cells. By contrast, inhibition of the kinase function of MLCK using pharmacological agents inhibited cell migration and invasion, and did not affect cellular adhesions. Our results show that loss of MLCK contributes to the migratory properties of epithelial cells resulting from changes in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, and increased epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. These findings suggest that decreased expression of MLCK may have a critical role during tumor progression by facilitating the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - D M Helfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Ye S, Song Z, Li J, Li C, Yang J, Chang B. Early Intervention of Didang Decoction on MLCK Signaling Pathways in Vascular Endothelial Cells of Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:6704851. [PMID: 27703477 PMCID: PMC5040811 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6704851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, type 2 diabetic rat model was established using streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat diet, and the rats were divided into control and diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were further divided into nonintervening, simvastatin, Didang Decoction (DDD) early-phase intervening, DDD mid-phase intervening, and DDD late-phase intervening groups. The expression level of MLCK was detected using Western Blot analysis, and the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase C (PKC), and protein kinase A (PKA) were examined using Real Time PCR. Under the electron microscope, the cells in the early-DDD-intervention group and the simvastatin group were significantly more continuous and compact than those in the diabetic group. Compared with the control group, the expression of cAMP-1 and PKA was decreased in all diabetic groups, whereas the expression of MLCK and PKC was increased in early- and mid-phase DDD-intervening groups (P < 0.05); compared with the late-phase DDD-intervening group, the expression of cAMP-1 and PKA was higher, but the level of MLCK and PKC was lower in early-phase DDD-intervening group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the early use of DDD improves the permeability of vascular endothelial cells by regulating the MLCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujiao Ye
- Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 66, Tongan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- Endocrinology, Nanyang TCM Hospital, No. 939, Qiyi Road, Wolong District, Nanyang, Henan 473000, China
- Clinical Medicine Combined with Chinese Traditional Medicine and Western Medicine, Tianjin Chinese Medical University, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhenqiang Song
- Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 66, Tongan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Li
- Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 66, Tongan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chunshen Li
- Clinical Medicine Combined with Chinese Traditional Medicine and Western Medicine, Tianjin Chinese Medical University, No. 88, Yuquan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Juhong Yang
- Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 66, Tongan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bai Chang
- Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No. 66, Tongan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
- *Bai Chang:
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Zou DB, Wei X, Hu RL, Yang XP, Zuo L, Zhang SM, Zhu HQ, Zhou Q, Gui SY, Wang Y. Melatonin inhibits the Migration of Colon Cancer RKO cells by Down-regulating Myosin Light Chain Kinase Expression through Cross-talk with p38 MAPK. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:5835-42. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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