1
|
Lottes EN, Ciger F, Bhattacharjee S, Timmins EA, Tete B, Tran T, Matta J, Patel AA, Cox DN. CCT and Cullin1 Regulate the TORC1 Pathway to Promote Dendritic Arborization in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1029. [PMID: 38920658 PMCID: PMC11201622 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of cell-type-specific dendritic arbors is integral to the proper functioning of neurons within their circuit networks. In this study, we examine the regulatory relationship between the cytosolic chaperonin CCT, key insulin pathway genes, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase (Cullin1) in dendritic development. CCT loss of function (LOF) results in dendritic hypotrophy in Drosophila Class IV (CIV) multi-dendritic larval sensory neurons, and CCT has recently been shown to fold components of the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) complex 1 (TORC1) in vitro. Through targeted genetic manipulations, we confirm that an LOF of CCT and the TORC1 pathway reduces dendritic complexity, while overexpression of key TORC1 pathway genes increases the dendritic complexity in CIV neurons. Furthermore, both CCT and TORC1 LOF significantly reduce microtubule (MT) stability. CCT has been previously implicated in regulating proteinopathic aggregation, thus, we examine CIV dendritic development in disease conditions as well. The expression of mutant Huntingtin leads to dendritic hypotrophy in a repeat-length-dependent manner, which can be rescued by Cullin1 LOF. Together, our data suggest that Cullin1 and CCT influence dendritic arborization through the regulation of TORC1 in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel N. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lottes EN, Ciger FH, Bhattacharjee S, Timmins-Wilde EA, Tete B, Tran T, Matta J, Patel AA, Cox DN. CCT and Cullin1 regulate the TORC1 pathway to promote dendritic arborization in health and disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551324. [PMID: 37577581 PMCID: PMC10418059 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of cell-type-specific dendritic arbors is integral to the proper functioning of neurons within their circuit networks. In this study, we examine the regulatory relationship between the cytosolic chaperonin CCT, key insulin pathway genes, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase (Cullin1) in homeostatic dendritic development. CCT loss of function (LOF) results in dendritic hypotrophy in Drosophila Class IV (CIV) multidendritic larval sensory neurons, and CCT has recently been shown to fold components of the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) complex 1 (TORC1), in vitro. Through targeted genetic manipulations, we have confirmed that LOF of CCT and the TORC1 pathway reduces dendritic complexity, while overexpression of key TORC1 pathway genes increases dendritic complexity in CIV neurons. Both CCT and TORC1 LOF significantly reduce microtubule (MT) stability. CCT has been previously implicated in regulating proteinopathic aggregation, thus we examined CIV dendritic development in disease conditions as well. Expression of mutant Huntingtin leads to dendritic hypotrophy in a repeat-length-dependent manner, which can be rescued by TORC1 disinhibition via Cullin1 LOF. Together, our data suggest that Cullin1 and CCT influence dendritic arborization through regulation of TORC1 in both health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin N. Lottes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Feyza H. Ciger
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | | | | | - Benoit Tete
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Tommy Tran
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Jais Matta
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Atit A. Patel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Daniel N. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scalia F, Conway de Macario E, Bonaventura G, Cappello F, Macario AJL. Histopathology of Skeletal Muscle in a Distal Motor Neuropathy Associated with a Mutant CCT5 Subunit: Clues for Future Developments to Improve Differential Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050641. [PMID: 37237456 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic chaperonopathies are rare but, because of misdiagnosis, there are probably more cases than those that are recorded in the literature and databases. This occurs because practitioners are generally unaware of the existence and/or the symptoms and signs of chaperonopathies. It is necessary to educate the medical community about these diseases and, with research, to unveil their mechanisms. The structure and functions of various chaperones in vitro have been studied, but information on the impact of mutant chaperones in humans, in vivo, is scarce. Here, we present a succinct review of the most salient abnormalities of skeletal muscle, based on our earlier report of a patient who carried a mutation in the chaperonin CCT5 subunit and suffered from a distal motor neuropathy of early onset. We discuss our results in relation to the very few other published pertinent reports we were able to find. A complex picture of multiple muscle-tissue abnormalities was evident, with signs of atrophy, apoptosis, and abnormally low levels and atypical distribution patterns of some components of muscle and the chaperone system. In-silico analysis predicts that the mutation affects CCT5 in a way that could interfere with the recognition and handling of substrate. Thus, it is possible that some of the abnormalities are the direct consequence of defective chaperoning, but others may be indirectly related to defective chaperoning or caused by other different pathogenic pathways. Biochemical, and molecular biologic and genetic analyses should now help in understanding the mechanisms underpinning the histologic abnormalities and, thus, provide clues to facilitate diagnosis and guide the development of therapeutic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo (UNIPA), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Giuseppe Bonaventura
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo (UNIPA), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo (UNIPA), 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Scalia F, Lo Bosco G, Paladino L, Vitale AM, Noori L, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Bucchieri F, Cappello F, Lo Celso F. Structural and Dynamic Disturbances Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations Predict the Impact on Function of CCT5 Chaperonin Mutations Associated with Rare Severe Distal Neuropathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032018. [PMID: 36768350 PMCID: PMC9917133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding molecular chaperones, for instance the genes encoding the subunits of the chaperonin CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1, also known as TRiC), are associated with rare neurodegenerative disorders. Using a classical molecular dynamics approach, we investigated the occurrence of conformational changes and differences in physicochemical properties of the CCT5 mutations His147Arg and Leu224Val associated with a sensory and a motor distal neuropathy, respectively. The apical domain of both variants was substantially but differently affected by the mutations, although these were in other domains. The distribution of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic potentials on the surface of the mutant subunits differed from the wild-type molecule. Structural and dynamic analyses, together with our previous experimental data, suggest that genetic mutations may cause different changes in the protein-binding capacity of CCT5 variants, presumably within both hetero- and/or homo-oligomeric complexes. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the molecular pathogenic pathways of the two variants that produce the two distinct phenotypes. The data and clinical observations by us and others indicate that CCT chaperonopathies are more frequent than currently believed and should be investigated in patients with neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Giosuè Lo Bosco
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Leila Noori
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1417653911, Iran
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore—Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore—Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Ionic Liquids Laboratory, Institute of Structure of Matter, Italian National Research Council (ISM-CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghozlan H, Cox A, Nierenberg D, King S, Khaled AR. The TRiCky Business of Protein Folding in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906530. [PMID: 35602608 PMCID: PMC9117761 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the cellular proteome or proteostasis is an essential process that when deregulated leads to diseases like neurological disorders and cancer. Central to proteostasis are the molecular chaperones that fold proteins into functional 3-dimensional (3D) shapes and prevent protein aggregation. Chaperonins, a family of chaperones found in all lineages of organisms, are efficient machines that fold proteins within central cavities. The eukaryotic Chaperonin Containing TCP1 (CCT), also known as Tailless complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) Ring Complex (TRiC), is a multi-subunit molecular complex that folds the obligate substrates, actin, and tubulin. But more than folding cytoskeletal proteins, CCT differs from most chaperones in its ability to fold proteins larger than its central folding chamber and in a sequential manner that enables it to tackle proteins with complex topologies or very large proteins and complexes. Unique features of CCT include an asymmetry of charges and ATP affinities across the eight subunits that form the hetero-oligomeric complex. Variable substrate binding capacities endow CCT with a plasticity that developed as the chaperonin evolved with eukaryotes and acquired functional capacity in the densely packed intracellular environment. Given the decades of discovery on the structure and function of CCT, much remains unknown such as the scope of its interactome. New findings on the role of CCT in disease, and potential for diagnostic and therapeutic uses, heighten the need to better understand the function of this essential molecular chaperone. Clues as to how CCT causes cancer or neurological disorders lie in the early studies of the chaperonin that form a foundational knowledgebase. In this review, we span the decades of CCT discoveries to provide critical context to the continued research on the diverse capacities in health and disease of this essential protein-folding complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ghozlan
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amanda Cox
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Nierenberg
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Stephen King
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Annette R. Khaled
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng L, Li H, Du Y, Zhang T, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhao L, Wang X, Wang G, Zhou L, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Ou Z, Wen Y, Zhuo Y. Chaperonin-Containing TCP1 Subunit 5 Protects Against the Effect of Mer Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Knockdown in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells by Interacting With Filamentous Actin and Activating the LIM-Kinase 1/Cofilin Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:861371. [PMID: 35492354 PMCID: PMC9043132 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.861371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), characterized by the gradual loss of rod and cone photoreceptors that eventually leads to blindness, is the most common inherited retinal disorder, affecting more than 2.5 million people worldwide. However, the underlying pathogenesis of RP remains unclear and there is no effective cure for RP. Mutations in the Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MERTK) gene induce the phagocytic dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, leading to RP. Studies have indicated that filamentous actin (F-actin)—which is regulated by chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit 5 (CCT5)—plays a vital role in phagocytosis in RPE cells. However, whether CCT5/F-actin signaling is involved in MERTK-associated RP remains largely unknown. In the present study, we specifically knocked down MERTK and CCT5 through siRNA transfection and examined the expression of CCT5 and F-actin in human primary RPE (HsRPE) cells. We found that MERTK downregulation inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and phagocytic function; significantly decreased the expression of F-actin; and disrupted the regular arrangement of F-actin. Importantly, our findings firstly indicate that CCT5 interacts with F-actin and is inhibited by MERTK siRNA in HsRPE cells. Upregulating CCT5 using CCT5-specific lentiviral vectors (CCT5-Le) rescued the cell proliferation, migration, and phagocytic function of HsRPE cells under the MERTK knockdown condition by increasing the expression of F-actin and restoring its regular arrangement via the LIMK1/cofilin, but not the SSH1/cofilin, pathway. In conclusion, CCT5 protects against the effect of MERTK knockdown in HsRPE cells and demonstrates the potential for effective treatment of MERTK-associated RP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haichun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Du
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaorong Jiang
- Ophthalmology Department of Zhuhai Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhancong Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vallin J, Grantham J. Functional assessment of the V390F mutation in the CCTδ subunit of chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:955-964. [PMID: 34655026 PMCID: PMC8578507 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) is a multi-subunit molecular chaperone. It is found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, where the oligomeric form plays an essential role in the folding of predominantly the cytoskeletal proteins actin and tubulin. Both the CCT oligomer and monomeric subunits also display functions that extend beyond folding, which are often associated with microtubules and actin filaments. Here, we assess the functional significance of the CCTδ V390F mutation, reported in several cancer cell lines. Upon transfection into B16F1 mouse melanoma cells, GFP-CCTδV390F incorporates into the CCT oligomer more readily than GFP-CCTδ. Furthermore, unlike GFP-CCTδ, GFP-CCTδV390F does not interact with the dynactin complex component, p150Glued. As CCTδ has previously been implicated in altered migration in wound healing assays, we assessed the behaviour of GFP-CCTδV390F and other mutants of CCTδ, previously used to assess functional interactions with p150Glued, in chemotaxis assays. We developed the assay system to incorporate a layer of the inert hydrogel GrowDex® to provide a 3D matrix for chemotaxis assessment and found subtle differences in the migration of B16F1 cells, depending on the presence of the hydrogel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Vallin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julie Grantham
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
CCTδ colocalizes with actin and β-tubulin: Insight into its involvement in the cytoskeleton formation of the intracellular parasite Nosema bombycis. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 184:107646. [PMID: 34256048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chaperonin-containing t-complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) is a molecular chaperone protein that is widely present in eukaryotic cytoplasm and can assist in the folding of newly synthesized proteins. The CCT complex consists of eight completely different subunits, among which the δ subunit plays an extremely important role in the folding and assembly of cytoskeleton proteins as an individual or complex with other subunits. In this study, we identified the CCTδ in the microsporidian Nosema bombycis (NbCCTδ) for the first time. The NbCCTδ gene contains a complete ORF of 1497 bp in length that encodes a 498 amino acid polypeptide. NbCCTδ is expressed throughout the entire lifecycle of N. bombycis and rather higher in early stage of proliferation. Indirect immunofluorescence results showed that NbCCTδ was colocalized with actin and β-tubulin during the proliferative and sporogonic phases of N. bombycis. RNA interference down-regulated the expression of the NbCCTδ gene. These results imply that NbCCTδ may participate in cytoskeleton formation and proliferation of N. bombycis.
Collapse
|
9
|
The Neurochaperonopathies: Anomalies of the Chaperone System with Pathogenic Effects in Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone (or chaperoning) system (CS) constitutes molecular chaperones, co-chaperones, and chaperone co-factors, interactors and receptors, and its canonical role is protein quality control. A malfunction of the CS may cause diseases, known as the chaperonopathies. These are caused by qualitatively and/or quantitatively abnormal molecular chaperones. Since the CS is ubiquitous, chaperonopathies are systemic, affecting various tissues and organs, playing an etiologic-pathogenic role in diverse conditions. In this review, we focus on chaperonopathies involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems: the neurochaperonopathies (NCPs). Genetic NCPs are linked to pathogenic variants of chaperone genes encoding, for example, the small Hsp, Hsp10, Hsp40, Hsp60, and CCT-BBS (chaperonin-containing TCP-1- Bardet–Biedl syndrome) chaperones. Instead, the acquired NCPs are associated with malfunctional chaperones, such as Hsp70, Hsp90, and VCP/p97 with aberrant post-translational modifications. Awareness of the chaperonopathies as the underlying primary or secondary causes of disease will improve diagnosis and patient management and open the possibility of investigating and developing chaperonotherapy, namely treatment with the abnormal chaperone as the main target. Positive chaperonotherapy would apply in chaperonopathies by defect, i.e., chaperone insufficiency, and consist of chaperone replacement or boosting, whereas negative chaperonotherapy would be pertinent when a chaperone actively participates in the initiation and progression of the disease and must be blocked and eliminated.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu J, Zhang Y, Liu C, Yan P, Yang Z. Roles of the miR-139-5p/CCT5 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma: a bioinformatic analysis. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3556-3564. [PMID: 34522182 PMCID: PMC8436101 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.57504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MiRNAs are pivotal regulators involved in proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, drug resistance and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of miR-139-5p and its target genes on the outcomes of HCC. Methods: Survival analysis of miR-139-5p in HCC was conducted in Kaplan-Meier plotter. Target genes of miR-139-5p were identified in TargetScan, miRTarBase and starBase. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) series were used for the validation of miR-139-5p target genes. Cox proportional regression model was also established. Results: In Kaplan-Meier plotter, 163 HCC patients were included. MiR-139-5p downregulation was significantly associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients (all P < 0.001). MiR-139-5p was significantly downregulated in HCC tumors and human hepatoma cell lines (all P < 0.05). As a target gene of miR-139-5p, CCT5 was overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (all P < 0.05). A negative correlation between CCT5 and miR-139-5p was found in TCGA dataset. CCT5 overexpression was significantly associated with worse OS in HCC patients (P < 0.001), which was validated in the GSE14520 dataset (P = 0.017). CCT5 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in HCC patients with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 300 ng/ml, BCLC staging B-C, TNM staging III and main tumor size > 5 cm (all P < 0.05). According to the Cox regression model of CCT5-interacting genes, HCC patients with high risk had poor OS compared to those with low risk in the TCGA dataset (P < 0.001), with the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year ROC curves of an area under the curve (AUC) equal to 0.704, 0.662, and 0.631, respectively. Conclusions: MiR-139-5p suppresses HCC tumor aggression and conversely correlated with CCT5. The miR-139-5p/CCT5 axis might perform crucial functions in the development of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Zongguo Yang, MD, PhD, Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University. 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201508, China. E-mail: ; Ping Yan, MD, Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China. E-mail:
| | - Zongguo Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Zongguo Yang, MD, PhD, Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University. 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201508, China. E-mail: ; Ping Yan, MD, Department of Infectious Disease, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lottes EN, Cox DN. Homeostatic Roles of the Proteostasis Network in Dendrites. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:264. [PMID: 33013325 PMCID: PMC7461941 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is indispensable to the survival and function of all cells. Distinct from other cell types, neurons are long-lived, exhibiting architecturally complex and diverse multipolar projection morphologies that can span great distances. These properties present unique demands on proteostatic machinery to dynamically regulate the neuronal proteome in both space and time. Proteostasis is regulated by a distributed network of cellular processes, the proteostasis network (PN), which ensures precise control of protein synthesis, native conformational folding and maintenance, and protein turnover and degradation, collectively safeguarding proteome integrity both under homeostatic conditions and in the contexts of cellular stress, aging, and disease. Dendrites are equipped with distributed cellular machinery for protein synthesis and turnover, including dendritically trafficked ribosomes, chaperones, and autophagosomes. The PN can be subdivided into an adaptive network of three major functional pathways that synergistically govern protein quality control through the action of (1) protein synthesis machinery; (2) maintenance mechanisms including molecular chaperones involved in protein folding; and (3) degradative pathways (e.g., Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), endolysosomal pathway, and autophagy. Perturbations in any of the three arms of proteostasis can have dramatic effects on neurons, especially on their dendrites, which require tightly controlled homeostasis for proper development and maintenance. Moreover, the critical importance of the PN as a cell surveillance system against protein dyshomeostasis has been highlighted by extensive work demonstrating that the aggregation and/or failure to clear aggregated proteins figures centrally in many neurological disorders. While these studies demonstrate the relevance of derangements in proteostasis to human neurological disease, here we mainly review recent literature on homeostatic developmental roles the PN machinery plays in the establishment, maintenance, and plasticity of stable and dynamic dendritic arbors. Beyond basic housekeeping functions, we consider roles of PN machinery in protein quality control mechanisms linked to dendritic plasticity (e.g., dendritic spine remodeling during LTP); cell-type specificity; dendritic morphogenesis; and dendritic pruning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel N. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Macario AJ, de Macario EC. Molecular mechanisms in chaperonopathies: clues to understanding the histopathological abnormalities and developing novel therapies. J Pathol 2019; 250:9-18. [PMID: 31579936 DOI: 10.1002/path.5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins (Hsps), are components of the chaperoning system and when defective can cause disease, the chaperonopathies. Chaperone-gene variants cause genetic chaperonopathies, whereas in the acquired chaperonopathies the genes are normal, but their protein products are not, due to aberrant post-transcriptional mechanisms, e.g. post-translational modifications (PTMs). Since the chaperoning system is widespread in the body, chaperonopathies affect various tissues and organs, making these diseases of interest to a wide range of medical specialties. Genetic chaperonopathies are uncommon but the acquired ones are frequent, encompassing various types of cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The clinical picture of chaperonopathies is known. Much less is known on the impact that pathogenic mutations and PTMs have on the properties and functions of chaperone molecules. Elucidation of these molecular alterations is necessary for understanding the mechanisms underpinning the tissue and organ abnormalities occurring in patients. To illustrate this issue, we discuss structural-functional alterations caused by mutation in the chaperones CCT5 and HSPA9, and PTM effects on Hsp60. The data provide insights into what may happen when CCT5 and HSPA9 malfunction in patients, e.g. accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates with tissue destruction; or for Hsp60 with aberrant PTM, degradation and/or secretion of the chaperonin with mitochondrial damage. These and other possibilities are now open for investigation. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jl Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sergeeva OA, Haase-Pettingell C, King JA. Co-expression of CCT subunits hints at TRiC assembly. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1055-1065. [PMID: 31410727 PMCID: PMC6882961 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin, t-complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) ring complex or TRiC, is responsible for folding a tenth of the proteins in the cell. TRiC is a double-ringed barrel with each ring composed of eight different CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1) subunits. In order for the subunits to assemble together into mature TRiC, which is believed to contain one and only one of each of these subunits per ring, they must be translated from different chromosomes, correctly folded and assembled. When expressed alone in Escherichia coli, the subunits CCT4 and CCT5, interestingly, form TRiC-like homo-oligomeric rings. To explore potential subunit-subunit interactions, we co-expressed these homo-oligomerizing CCT4 and CCT5 subunits or the archaeal chaperonin Mm-Cpn (Methanococcus maripaludis chaperonin) with CCT1-8, one at a time. We found that CCT5 shifted all of the CCT subunits, with the exception of CCT6, into double-barrel TRiC-like complexes, while CCT4 only interacted with CCT5 and CCT8 to form chaperonin rings. We hypothesize that these specific interactions may be due to the formation of hetero-oligomers in E. coli, although more work is needed for validation. We also observed the interaction of CCT5 and Mm-Cpn with smaller fragments of the CCT subunits, confirming their intrinsic chaperone activity. Based on this hetero-oligomer data, we propose that TRiC assembly relies on subunit exchange with some stable homo-oligomers, possibly CCT5, as base assembly units. Eventually, analysis of CCT arrangement in various tissues and at different developmental times is anticipated to provide additional insight on TRiC assembly and CCT subunit composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana A. Sergeeva
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cameron Haase-Pettingell
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Jonathan A. King
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Scalia F, Marino Gammazza A, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F. Myelin Pathology: Involvement of Molecular Chaperones and the Promise of Chaperonotherapy. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110297. [PMID: 31671529 PMCID: PMC6896170 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of axon myelination involves various proteins including molecular chaperones. Myelin alteration is a common feature in neurological diseases due to structural and functional abnormalities of one or more myelin proteins. Genetic proteinopathies may occur either in the presence of a normal chaperoning system, which is unable to assist the defective myelin protein in its folding and migration, or due to mutations in chaperone genes, leading to functional defects in assisting myelin maturation/migration. The latter are a subgroup of genetic chaperonopathies causing demyelination. In this brief review, we describe some paradigmatic examples pertaining to the chaperonins Hsp60 (HSPD1, or HSP60, or Cpn60) and CCT (chaperonin-containing TCP-1). Our aim is to make scientists and physicians aware of the possibility and advantages of classifying patients depending on the presence or absence of a chaperonopathy. In turn, this subclassification will allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies (chaperonotherapy) by using molecular chaperones as agents or targets for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Conway de Macario E, Yohda M, Macario AJL, Robb FT. Bridging human chaperonopathies and microbial chaperonins. Commun Biol 2019; 2:103. [PMID: 30911678 PMCID: PMC6420498 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperonins are molecular chaperones that play critical physiological roles, but they can be pathogenic. Malfunctional chaperonins cause chaperonopathies of great interest within various medical specialties. Although the clinical-genetic aspects of many chaperonopathies are known, the molecular mechanisms causing chaperonin failure and tissue lesions are poorly understood. Progress is necessary to improve treatment, and experimental models that mimic the human situation provide a promising solution. We present two models: one prokaryotic (the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus) with eukaryotic-like chaperonins and one eukaryotic (Chaetomium thermophilum), both convenient for isolation-study of chaperonins, and report illustrative results pertaining to a pathogenic mutation of CCT5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Masafumi Yohda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo Japan
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Frank T. Robb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The eukaryotic group II chaperonin TRiC/CCT assists the folding of 10% of cytosolic proteins including many key structural and regulatory proteins. TRiC plays an essential role in maintaining protein homeostasis, and dysfunction of TRiC is closely related to human diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. TRiC consists of eight paralogous subunits, each of which plays a specific role in the assembly, allosteric cooperativity, and substrate recognition and folding of this complex macromolecular machine. TRiC-mediated substrate folding is regulated through its ATP-driven conformational changes. In recent years, progresses have been made on the structure, subunit arrangement, conformational cycle, and substrate folding of TRiC. Additionally, accumulating evidences also demonstrate the linkage between TRiC oligomer or monomer and diseases. In this review, we focus on the TRiC structure itself, TRiC assisted substrate folding, TRiC and disease, and the potential therapeutic application of TRiC in various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Jin
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixuan Liu
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Cong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The structure and evolution of eukaryotic chaperonin-containing TCP-1 and its mechanism that folds actin into a protein spring. Biochem J 2018; 475:3009-3034. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actin is folded to its native state in eukaryotic cytosol by the sequential allosteric mechanism of the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT). The CCT machine is a double-ring ATPase built from eight related subunits, CCT1–CCT8. Non-native actin interacts with specific subunits and is annealed slowly through sequential binding and hydrolysis of ATP around and across the ring system. CCT releases a folded but soft ATP-G-actin monomer which is trapped 80 kJ/mol uphill on the folding energy surface by its ATP-Mg2+/Ca2+ clasp. The energy landscape can be re-explored in the actin filament, F-actin, because ATP hydrolysis produces dehydrated and more compact ADP-actin monomers which, upon application of force and strain, are opened and closed like the elements of a spring. Actin-based myosin motor systems underpin a multitude of force generation processes in cells and muscles. We propose that the water surface of F-actin acts as a low-binding energy, directional waveguide which is recognized specifically by the myosin lever-arm domain before the system engages to form the tight-binding actomyosin complex. Such a water-mediated recognition process between actin and myosin would enable symmetry breaking through fast, low energy initial binding events. The origin of chaperonins and the subsequent emergence of the CCT–actin system in LECA (last eukaryotic common ancestor) point to the critical role of CCT in facilitating phagocytosis during early eukaryotic evolution and the transition from the bacterial world. The coupling of CCT-folding fluxes to the cell cycle, cell size control networks and cancer are discussed together with directions for further research.
Collapse
|
18
|
Spigolon D, Gallagher DT, Velazquez-Campoy A, Bulone D, Narang J, San Biagio PL, Cappello F, Macario AJL, Conway de Macario E, Robb FT. Quantitative analysis of the impact of a human pathogenic mutation on the CCT5 chaperonin subunit using a proxy archaeal ortholog. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:66-71. [PMID: 29552646 PMCID: PMC5851525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human chaperonin complex is a ~ 1 MDa nanomachine composed of two octameric rings formed from eight similar but non-identical subunits called CCT. Here, we are elucidating the mechanism of a heritable CCT5 subunit mutation that causes profound neuropathy in humans. In previous work, we introduced an equivalent mutation in an archaeal chaperonin that assembles into two octameric rings like in humans but in which all subunits are identical. We reported that the hexadecamer formed by the mutant subunit is unstable with impaired chaperoning functions. This study quantifies the loss of structural stability in the hexadecamer due to the pathogenic mutation, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The disassembly of the wild type complex, which is tightly coupled with subunit denaturation, was decoupled by the mutation without affecting the stability of individual subunits. Our results verify the effectiveness of the homo-hexadecameric archaeal chaperonin as a proxy to assess the impact of subtle defects in heterologous systems with mutations in a single subunit. A crippling hereditary neuropathy was addressed at the molecular level. The archaeal/CCT5 model represents a promising testbed for subtle defects. The homomeric archaeal model amplifies the effect of the mutation. The mutation decouples assembly without destabilizing individual subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Spigolon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA.,Institute of Biophysics, UOS Palermo, National Research Council, Italy.,Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D Travis Gallagher
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR and GBsC-CSIC,Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundacion ARAID, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Donatella Bulone
- Institute of Biophysics, UOS Palermo, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Jatin Narang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Human Anatomy Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, USA.,Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, USA.,Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank T Robb
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, USA.,Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
The human chaperonin TRiC consists of eight non-identical subunits, and its protein-folding activity is critical for cellular health. Misfolded proteins are associated with many human diseases, such as amyloid diseases, cancer, and neuropathies, making TRiC a potential therapeutic target. A detailed structural understanding of its ATP-dependent folding mechanism and substrate recognition is therefore of great importance. Of particular health-related interest is the mutation Histidine 147 to Arginine (H147R) in human TRiC subunit 5 (CCT5), which has been associated with hereditary sensory neuropathy. In this paper, we describe the crystal structures of CCT5 and the CCT5-H147R mutant, which provide important structural information for this vital protein-folding machine in humans. This first X-ray crystallographic study of a single human CCT subunit in the context of a hexadecameric complex can be expanded in the future to the other 7 subunits that form the TRiC complex.
Collapse
|
20
|
Conway de Macario E, Robb FT, Macario AJL. Prokaryotic Chaperonins as Experimental Models for Elucidating Structure-Function Abnormalities of Human Pathogenic Mutant Counterparts. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 3:84. [PMID: 28119916 PMCID: PMC5220055 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
All archaea have a chaperonin of Group II (thermosome) in their cytoplasm and some have also a chaperonin of Group I (GroEL; Cpn60; Hsp60). Conversely, all bacteria have GroEL, some in various copies, but only a few have, in addition, a chaperonin (tentatively designated Group III chaperonin) very similar to that occurring in all archaea, i.e., the thermosome subunit, and in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, named CCT. Thus, nature offers a range of prokaryotic organisms that are potentially useful as experimental models to study the human CCT and its abnormalities. This is important because many diseases, the chaperonopathies, have been identified in which abnormal chaperones, including mutant CCT, are determinant etiologic-pathogenic factors and, therefore, research is needed to elucidate their pathologic features at the molecular level. Such research should lead to the clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathologic lesions observed in the tissues and organs of patients with chaperonopathies. Information on these key issues is necessary to make progress in diagnosis and treatment. Some of the archaeal organisms as well as some of the bacterial models suitable for studying molecular aspects pertinent to human mutant chaperones are discussed here, focusing on CCT. Results obtained with the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus model to investigate the impact of a pathogenic CCT5 mutation on molecular properties and chaperoning functions are reviewed. The pathogenic mutation examined weakens the ability of the chaperonin subunit to form stable hexadecamers and as a consequence, the chaperoning functions of the complex are impaired. The future prospect is to find means for stabilizing the hexadecamer, which should lead to a recovering of chaperone function and the improving of lesions and clinical condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Columbus Center; Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyBaltimore, MD, USA; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and TechnologyPalermo, Italy
| | - Frank T Robb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Columbus Center; Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyBaltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College ParkRockville, MD, USA
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Columbus Center; Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyBaltimore, MD, USA; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and TechnologyPalermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Minegishi Y, Sheng X, Yoshitake K, Sergeev Y, Iejima D, Shibagaki Y, Monma N, Ikeo K, Furuno M, Zhuang W, Liu Y, Rong W, Hattori S, Iwata T. CCT2 Mutations Evoke Leber Congenital Amaurosis due to Chaperone Complex Instability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33742. [PMID: 27645772 PMCID: PMC5028737 DOI: 10.1038/srep33742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a hereditary early-onset retinal dystrophy that is accompanied by severe macular degeneration. In this study, novel compound heterozygous mutations were identified as LCA-causative in chaperonin-containing TCP-1, subunit 2 (CCT2), a gene that encodes the molecular chaperone protein, CCTβ. The zebrafish mutants of CCTβ are known to exhibit the eye phenotype while its mutation and association with human disease have been unknown. The CCT proteins (CCT α-θ) forms ring complex for its chaperon function. The LCA mutants of CCTβ, T400P and R516H, are biochemically instable and the affinity for the adjacent subunit, CCTγ, was affected distinctly in both mutants. The patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), carrying these CCTβ mutants, were less proliferative than the control iPSCs. Decreased proliferation under Cct2 knockdown in 661W cells was significantly rescued by wild-type CCTβ expression. However, the expression of T400P and R516H didn’t exhibit the significant effect. In mouse retina, both CCTβ and CCTγ are expressed in the retinal ganglion cells and connecting cilium of photoreceptor cells. The Cct2 knockdown decreased its major client protein, transducing β1 (Gβ1). Here we report the novel LCA mutations in CCTβ and the impact of chaperon disability by these mutations in cellular biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Minegishi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - XunLun Sheng
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia People's Hospital, Ningxia, China
| | - Kazutoshi Yoshitake
- Laboratory of DNA Data Analysis, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuri Sergeev
- National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daisuke Iejima
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Shibagaki
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Monma
- Laboratory of DNA Data Analysis, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Laboratory of DNA Data Analysis, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Furuno
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Life Science Accelerator Technology Group, Transcriptome Technology Team, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wenjun Zhuang
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia People's Hospital, Ningxia, China
| | - Yani Liu
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia People's Hospital, Ningxia, China
| | - Weining Rong
- Ningxia Eye Hospital, Ningxia People's Hospital, Ningxia, China
| | - Seisuke Hattori
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Paul DM, Beuron F, Sessions RB, Brancaccio A, Bigotti MG. Internal (His)₆-tagging delivers a fully functional hetero-oligomeric class II chaperonin in high yield. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20696. [PMID: 26856373 PMCID: PMC4746591 DOI: 10.1038/srep20696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Group II chaperonins are ATP-ases indispensable for the folding of many proteins that play a crucial role in Archaea and Eukarya. They display a conserved two-ringed assembly enclosing an internal chamber where newly translated or misfolded polypeptides can fold to their native structure. They are mainly hexadecamers, with each eight-membered ring composed of one or two (in Archaea) or eight (in Eukarya) different subunits. A major recurring problem within group II chaperonin research, especially with the hetero-oligomeric forms, is to establish an efficient recombinant system for the expression of large amounts of wild-type as well as mutated variants. Herein we show how we can produce, in E. coli cells, unprecedented amounts of correctly assembled and active αβ-thermosome, the class II chaperonin from Thermoplasma acidophilum, by introducing a (His)6-tag within a loop in the α subunit of the complex. The specific location was identified via a rational approach and proved not to disturb the structure of the chaperonin, as demonstrated by size-exclusion chromatography, native gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. Likewise, the tagged protein showed an ATP-ase activity and an ability to refold substrates identical to the wild type. This tagging strategy might be employed for the overexpression of other recombinant chaperonins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Paul
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Fabienne Beuron
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | | | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR c/o Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Darrow MC, Sergeeva OA, Isas JM, Galaz-Montoya JG, King JA, Langen R, Schmid MF, Chiu W. Structural Mechanisms of Mutant Huntingtin Aggregation Suppression by the Synthetic Chaperonin-like CCT5 Complex Explained by Cryoelectron Tomography. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17451-61. [PMID: 25995452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.655373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by functional deficits and loss of striatal neurons, is linked to an expanded and unstable CAG trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene (HTT). This DNA sequence translates to a polyglutamine repeat in the protein product, leading to mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein aggregation. The aggregation of mHTT is inhibited in vitro and in vivo by the TCP-1 ring complex (TRiC) chaperonin. Recently, a novel complex comprised of a single type of TRiC subunit has been reported to inhibit mHTT aggregation. Specifically, the purified CCT5 homo-oligomer complex, when compared with TRiC, has a similar structure, ATP use, and substrate refolding activity, and, importantly, it also inhibits mHTT aggregation. Using an aggregation suppression assay and cryoelectron tomography coupled with a novel computational classification method, we uncover the interactions between the synthetic CCT5 complex (∼ 1 MDa) and aggregates of mutant huntingtin exon 1 containing 46 glutamines (mHTTQ46-Ex1). We find that, in a similar fashion to TRiC, synthetic CCT5 complex caps mHTT fibrils at their tips and encapsulates mHTT oligomers, providing a structural description of the inhibition of mHTTQ46-Ex1 by CCT5 complex and a shared mechanism of mHTT inhibition between TRiC chaperonin and the CCT5 complex: cap and contain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele C Darrow
- From the National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Oksana A Sergeeva
- the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and
| | - Jose M Isas
- the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Jesús G Galaz-Montoya
- From the National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jonathan A King
- the Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and
| | - Ralf Langen
- the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Michael F Schmid
- From the National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Wah Chiu
- From the National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030,
| |
Collapse
|