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Faqeer A, Wang M, Alam G, Padhiar AA, Zheng D, Luo Z, Zhao IS, Zhou G, van den Beucken JJJP, Wang H, Zhang Y. Cleaved SPP1-rich extracellular vesicles from osteoclasts promote bone regeneration via TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122367. [PMID: 38465579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a tightly coupled process between bone forming osteoblasts (OBs) and bone resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) to maintain bone architecture and systemic mineral homeostasis throughout life. However, the mechanisms responsible for the coupling between OCs and OBs have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we first validate that secreted extracellular vesicles by osteoclasts (OC-EVs) promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and further demonstrate the efficacy of osteoclasts and their secreted EVs in treating tibial bone defects. Furthermore, we show that OC-EVs contain several osteogenesis-promoting proteins as cargo. By employing proteomic and functional analysis, we reveal that mature osteoclasts secrete thrombin cleaved phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) through extracellular vesicles which triggers MSCs osteogenic differentiation into OBs by activating Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Smad family member 3 (SMAD3) signaling. In conclusion, our findings prove an important role of SPP1, present as cargo in OC-derived EVs, in signaling to MSCs and driving their differentiation into OBs. This biological mechanism implies a paradigm shift regarding the role of osteoclasts and their signaling toward the treatment of skeletal disorders which require bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Faqeer
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Gulzar Alam
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Arshad Ahmed Padhiar
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China; Department of Ecology and Evoluitonary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Dexiu Zheng
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Zhiming Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Jeroen J J P van den Beucken
- Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, 6525EX, the Netherlands; Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China.
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Wang Z, Wang Z, Yan Z, Xu Z, Gao A. Smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of Dupuytren's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:212. [PMID: 37679690 PMCID: PMC10483747 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlation between smoking and alcohol consumption and the development of Dupuytren's disease (DD) has been acknowledged. However, the definitive causal relationship between these two factors and DD remains elusive. In order to establish a causal connection, we employed the two-sample Mendelian randomization method to evaluate the relationship between smoking and alcohol consumption and DD. METHODS Based on publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), two-sample univariate MR analyses were performed to assess the causal effects of drinks per week, cigarettes per day, smoking initiation, age of initiation, and smoking cessation on DD. We used inverse variance weighted (IVW) to generate the primary results for the MR analysis. Furthermore, we performed sensitivity MR analyses based on various methods to assess the robustness of estimations. Bidirectional MR analyses were used to study the interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption. Multivariate MR analyses were used to obtain independent causal effects of smoking or drinking on DD. RESULTS Our two-sample MR, which was predominately based on IVW, revealed a causal relationship between drinks per week and DD (OR = 2.948, 95%CI: 1.746-4.975, P = 5.16E-05). In addition, there is no causal association between cigarettes per day, smoking initiation, age of initiation, smoking cessation and DD. Similar conclusions were reached by other MR methods. The results of the bidirectional MR analyses showed that the causal relationships between age of initiation and drinks per week were robust and significant. Multivariate MR results indicated that the causal effect of alcohol consumption on DD was independent of smoking. CONCLUSION Our Mendelian Randomization study indicated that there is a causality between drinking alcohol and DD, but no such causality was found between smoking and DD. This is the first study to prove that drinking alcohol could cause DD. This could help people who are trying to prevent DD from happening in the first place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Taicang Shaxi People's Hospital, Taicang, 215400, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Zijian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhujie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China.
| | - Aiguo Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Cai J, Li C, Li S, Yi J, Wang J, Yao K, Gan X, Shen Y, Yang P, Jing D, Zhao Z. A Quartet Network Analysis Identifying Mechanically Responsive Long Noncoding RNAs in Bone Remodeling. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:780211. [PMID: 35356768 PMCID: PMC8959777 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.780211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force, being so ubiquitous that it is often taken for granted and overlooked, is now gaining the spotlight for reams of evidence corroborating their crucial roles in the living body. The bone, particularly, experiences manifold extraneous force like strain and compression, as well as intrinsic cues like fluid shear stress and physical properties of the microenvironment. Though sparkled in diversified background, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) concerning the mechanotransduction process that bone undergoes are not yet detailed in a systematic way. Our principal goal in this research is to highlight the potential lncRNA-focused mechanical signaling systems which may be adapted by bone-related cells for biophysical environment response. Based on credible lists of force-sensitive mRNAs and miRNAs, we constructed a force-responsive competing endogenous RNA network for lncRNA identification. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we then illustrated the possible crosstalk between lncRNAs and mRNAs as well as transcriptional factors and mapped lncRNAs to known signaling pathways involved in bone remodeling and mechanotransduction. Last, we developed combinative analysis between predicted and established lncRNAs, constructing a pathway–lncRNA network which suggests interactive relationships and new roles of known factors such as H19. In conclusion, our work provided a systematic quartet network analysis, uncovered candidate force-related lncRNAs, and highlighted both the upstream and downstream processes that are possibly involved. A new mode of bioinformatic analysis integrating sequencing data, literature retrieval, and computational algorithm was also introduced. Hopefully, our work would provide a moment of clarity against the multiplicity and complexity of the lncRNA world confronting mechanical input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyuan Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianru Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dian Jing
- Department of Orthodontics, China Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dian Jing, ; Zhihe Zhao,
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Dian Jing, ; Zhihe Zhao,
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El-Jawhari JJ, Ganguly P, Jones E, Giannoudis PV. Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Autologous Therapy for Osteonecrosis: Effects of Age and Underlying Causes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:69. [PMID: 34067727 PMCID: PMC8156020 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a reliable source of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which have been successfully used for treating osteonecrosis. Considering the functional advantages of BM-MSCs as bone and cartilage reparatory cells and supporting angiogenesis, several donor-related factors are also essential to consider when autologous BM-MSCs are used for such regenerative therapies. Aging is one of several factors contributing to the donor-related variability and found to be associated with a reduction of BM-MSC numbers. However, even within the same age group, other factors affecting MSC quantity and function remain incompletely understood. For patients with osteonecrosis, several underlying factors have been linked to the decrease of the proliferation of BM-MSCs as well as the impairment of their differentiation, migration, angiogenesis-support and immunoregulatory functions. This review discusses the quality and quantity of BM-MSCs in relation to the etiological conditions of osteonecrosis such as sickle cell disease, Gaucher disease, alcohol, corticosteroids, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, diabetes, chronic renal disease and chemotherapy. A clear understanding of the regenerative potential of BM-MSCs is essential to optimize the cellular therapy of osteonecrosis and other bone damage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Payal Ganguly
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.G.); (E.J.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.G.); (E.J.); (P.V.G.)
| | - Peter V Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.G.); (E.J.); (P.V.G.)
- Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopedic, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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5
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Assessment of plasma BMP-2, BMP-7, BMP-10, vitamin D, and TGF β1 in simple fractures among Sudanese patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247472. [PMID: 33606840 PMCID: PMC7895376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are multifunctional proteins. They work as cytokines regulating osteogenesis during fracture healing process. The objectives of this study were to assess changes in BMPs during fracture and their correlations to Fracture’s healing. Methods Case-Control hospital–based study conducted from January 2018 to January 2019. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and blood samples were collected from patients and controls (18–65 years old). Plasma concentrations of selected BMPs and vitamin D were measured using quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS version 25 was used to calculate frequencies, Pearson correlation tests, chi-square and unpaired t-test. Results Sixty-five patients with fractures and Sixty-five controls were studied. Means of plasma concentrations were (TGFβ1 = 21.07 ng/ml ±8.49 and 19.8 ng/ml ±7.2) (BMP-2 = 76.3 pg/ml ± 156.6 and 55.5 ng/ml ± 127.9) (BMP-7 = 13.02 pg/ml ±43.5 and 64.6pg/ml ±250) (BMP-10 = 8.14 pg/ml ±12.7 and 5.48 pg/ml ±11.3) (Vitamin D mean was 24.94 ng/ml ±13.2 and 26.2 ng/ml ±11.6) in patients and controls, respectively. Forty-five subjects were enrolled into follow up study: 30 males, 15 females. Healing time mean was 4.13± 2.6 months. No significant correlation between BMP-2/BMP-7 with healing time. Conclusions BMP-7 was significantly lowers in the plasma of patients that controls (P = 0.042). Low Vitamin D was observed among Sudanese participants.
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Impact of Alcohol on Bone Health, Homeostasis and Fracture repair. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 8:75-86. [PMID: 33767923 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Alcohol use continues to rise globally. We review the current literature on the effect of alcohol on bone health, homeostasis and fracture repair to highlight what has been learned in people and animal models of alcohol consumption. Recent findings Recently, forkhead box O (FoxO) has been found to be upregulated and activated in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) exposed to alcohol. FoxO has also been found to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is necessary for MSC differentiation. Recent evidence suggests alcohol activates FoxO signaling, which may be dysregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in MSCs cultured in alcohol. Summary This review highlights the negative health effects learned from people and chronic and episodic binge alcohol consumption animal models. Studies using chronic alcohol exposure or alcohol exposure then bone fracture repair model have explored several different cellular and molecular signaling pathways important for bone homeostasis and fracture repair, and offer potential for future experiments to explore additional signaling pathways that may be dysregulated by alcohol exposure.
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Sankari L, Fernandes BL, Rebelatto CLK, Brofman PRS. Evaluation of PVA hydrogel as an extracellular matrix for in vitro study of fibroblast proliferation. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1596915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Sankari
- Graduação em Estética e Cosmética, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Beatriz L. Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Carmen L. K. Rebelatto
- Centro de Tecnologia Celular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. S. Brofman
- Centro de Tecnologia Celular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Walter NAR, Zheng CL, Searles RP, McWeeney SK, Grant KA, Hitzemann R. Chronic Voluntary Ethanol Drinking in Cynomolgus Macaques Elicits Gene Expression Changes in Prefrontal Cortical Area 46. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:470-478. [PMID: 31840818 PMCID: PMC7018568 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide profiling to examine brain transcriptional features associated with excessive ethanol (EtOH) consumption has been applied to a variety of species including rodents, nonhuman primates (NHPs), and humans. However, these data were obtained from cross-sectional samples which are particularly vulnerable to individual variation when obtained from small outbred populations typical of human and NHP studies. In the current study, a novel within-subject design was used to examine the effects of voluntary EtOH consumption on prefrontal cortex (PFC) gene expression in a NHP model. METHODS Two cohorts of cynomolgus macaques (n = 23) underwent a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure to establish EtOH self-administration followed by 6 months of daily open access to EtOH (4% w/v) and water. Individual daily EtOH intakes ranged from an average of 0.7 to 3.7 g/kg/d. Dorsal lateral PFC area 46 (A46) brain biopsies were collected in EtOH-naïve and control monkeys; contralateral A46 biopsies were collected from the same monkeys following the 6 months of fluid consumption. Gene expression changes were assessed using RNA-Seq paired analysis, which allowed for correction of individual baseline differences in gene expression. RESULTS A total of 675 genes were significantly down-regulated following EtOH consumption; these were functionally enriched for immune response, cell adhesion, plasma membrane, and extracellular matrix. A total of 567 genes that were up-regulated following EtOH consumption were enriched in microRNA target sites and included target sites associated with Toll-like receptor pathways. The differentially expressed genes were also significantly enriched in transcription factor binding sites. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here are the first to use a longitudinal biopsy strategy to examine how chronic EtOH consumption affects gene expression in the primate PFC. Prominent effects were seen in both cell adhesion and neuroimmune pathways; the latter contained both pro- and antiinflammatory genes. The data also indicate that changes in miRNAs and transcription factors may be important epigenetic regulators of EtOH consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A R Walter
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christina L Zheng
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert P Searles
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Robert Hitzemann
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Brix DM, Bundgaard Clemmensen KK, Kallunki T. Zinc Finger Transcription Factor MZF1-A Specific Regulator of Cancer Invasion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010223. [PMID: 31963147 PMCID: PMC7016646 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 90% of cancer deaths are due to cancer cells metastasizing into other organs. Invasion is a prerequisite for metastasis formation. Thus, inhibition of invasion can be an efficient way to prevent disease progression in these patients. This could be achieved by targeting the molecules regulating invasion. One of these is an oncogenic transcription factor, Myeloid Zinc Finger 1 (MZF1). Dysregulated transcription factors represent a unique, increasing group of drug targets that are responsible for aberrant gene expression in cancer and are important nodes driving cancer malignancy. Recent studies report of a central involvement of MZF1 in the invasion and metastasis of various solid cancers. In this review, we summarize the research on MZF1 in cancer including its function and role in lysosome-mediated invasion and in the expression of genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We also discuss possible means to target it on the basis of the current knowledge of its function in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Marie Brix
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.M.B.); (K.K.B.C.)
- Danish Medicines Council, Dampfærgevej 27-29, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Knut Kristoffer Bundgaard Clemmensen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.M.B.); (K.K.B.C.)
| | - Tuula Kallunki
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (D.M.B.); (K.K.B.C.)
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-25-7746
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Cheng YH, Dong JC, Bian Q. Small molecules for mesenchymal stem cell fate determination. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1084-1103. [PMID: 31875870 PMCID: PMC6904864 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells harboring self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential that are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes in vitro, and regulating the bone marrow microenvironment and adipose tissue remodeling in vivo. The process of fate determination is initiated by signaling molecules that drive MSCs into a specific lineage. Impairment of MSC fate determination leads to different bone and adipose tissue-related diseases, including aging, osteoporosis, and insulin resistance. Much progress has been made in recent years in discovering small molecules and their underlying mechanisms control the cell fate of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent findings in applying small molecules to the trilineage commitment of MSCs, for instance, genistein, medicarpin, and icariin for the osteogenic cell fate commitment; isorhamnetin, risedronate, and arctigenin for pro-adipogenesis; and atractylenolides and dihydroartemisinin for chondrogenic fate determination. We highlight the underlying mechanisms, including direct regulation, epigenetic modification, and post-translational modification of signaling molecules in the AMPK, MAPK, Notch, PI3K/AKT, Hedgehog signaling pathways etc. and discuss the small molecules that are currently being studied in clinical trials. The target-based manipulation of lineage-specific commitment by small molecules offers substantial insights into bone marrow microenvironment regulation, adipose tissue homeostasis, and therapeutic strategies for MSC-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Jing-Cheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qin Bian
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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11
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Kuo MC, Kuo PC, Mi Z. Myeloid zinc finger-1 regulates expression of cancer-associated fibroblast and cancer stemness profiles in breast cancer. Surgery 2019; 166:515-523. [PMID: 31301870 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin acts thru myeloid zinc finger-1 and transforming growth factor-β to drive the adoption of a cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype by local mesenchymal stem cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts increase cancer cell stemness. METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells were exposed to osteopontin or were cocultured with MB231 human breast cancer cells (high osteopontin producer) in the presence or absence of aptamer (inactivates extracellular osteopontin). Myeloid zinc finger-1 phosphorylation sites were identified, and phosphomutants of T134 (SCAN domain) and S453 (zinc finger DNA binding domain) were constructed. Transforming growth factor-β F and cancer-associated fibroblast markers (smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and tenascin-c) were measured in mesenchymal stem cells. In MB231, stemness markers Sox2, Nanog, and Oct4 were measured. RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cells plus osteopontin increased transforming growth factor-β and cancer-associated fibroblast markers (P < .05 vs mesenchymal stem cells alone); this was abolished by aptamer inactivation of osteopontin. In mesenchymal stem cells transfected with phosphoresistant myeloid zinc finger-1, osteopontin did not increase cancer-associated fibroblast markers or transforming growth factor-β. In contrast, phosphomimetic myeloid zinc finger-1 increased cancer-associated fibroblast markers and transforming growth factor-β (P < .05 vs mesenchymal stem cells alone). In mesenchymal stem cells plus MB231, MB231 stemness markers were increased (P < .05 vs MB231 alone). In MB231 plus mesenchymal stem cells expressing phosphoresistant myeloid zinc finger-1, MB231 stemness markers were not increased in comparison with MB231 plus mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSION Myeloid zinc finger-1 phosphorylation in mesenchymal stem cells drives the osteopontin-mediated cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype, which then increases the cancer cell stemness profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul C Kuo
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
| | - Zhiyong Mi
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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Khaliullin TO, Kisin ER, Murray AR, Yanamala N, Shurin MR, Gutkin DW, Fatkhutdinova LM, Kagan VE, Shvedova AA. Mediation of the single-walled carbon nanotubes induced pulmonary fibrogenic response by osteopontin and TGF-β1. Exp Lung Res 2018; 43:311-326. [PMID: 29140132 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1377783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY A number of in vivo studies have shown that pulmonary exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may lead to an acute local inflammatory response, pulmonary fibrosis, and granulomatous lesions. Among the factors that play direct roles in initiation and progression of fibrotic processes are epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myofibroblasts recruitment/differentiation, both mediated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Yet, other contributors to TGF-β1 associated signaling, such as osteopontin (OPN) has not been fully investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS OPN-knockout female mice (OPN-KO) along with their wild-type (WT) counterparts were exposed to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) (40 µg/mouse) via pharyngeal aspiration and fibrotic response was assessed 1, 7, and 28 days post-exposure. Simultaneously, RAW 264.7 and MLE-15 cells were treated with SWCNT (24 hours, 6 µg/cm2 to 48 µg/cm2) or bleomycin (0.1 µg/ml) in the presence of OPN-blocking antibody or isotype control, and TGF-β1 was measured in supernatants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Diminished lactate dehydrogenase activity at all time points, along with less pronounced neutrophil influx 24 h post-exposure, were measured in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) of OPN-KO mice compared to WT. Pro-inflammatory cytokine release (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1) was reduced. A significant two-fold increase of TGF-β1 was found in BAL of WT mice at 7 days, while TGF-β1 levels in OPN-KO animals remained unaltered. Histological examination revealed marked decrease in granuloma formation and less collagen deposition in the lungs of OPN-KO mice compared to WT. RAW 264.7 but not MLE-15 cells exposed to SWCNT and bleomycin had significantly less TGF-β1 released in the presence of OPN-blocking antibody. We believe that OPN is important in initiating the cellular mechanisms that produce an overall pathological response to SWCNT and it may act upstream of TGF-β1. Further investigation to understand the mechanistic details of such interactions is critical to predict outcomes of pulmonary exposure to CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Khaliullin
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV.,b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV
| | - Elena R Kisin
- b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV
| | | | | | - Michael R Shurin
- c Department Pathology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA
| | - Dmitriy W Gutkin
- c Department Pathology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA
| | - Liliya M Fatkhutdinova
- d Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine , Kazan State Medical University , Kazan , Russia
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- e Department of Pathology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- a Department of Physiology & Pharmacology , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV.,b Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC , Morgantown , WV
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13
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Ni Q, Lu K, Li J, Tan Y, Qin J, Magdalou J, Chen L, Wang H. Role of TGFβ Signaling in Maternal Ethanol-Induced Fetal Articular Cartilage Dysplasia and Adult Onset of Osteoarthritis in Male Rats. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:179-190. [PMID: 29617878 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on our previous findings that prenatal ethanol exposure in offspring increased susceptibility to adult osteoarthritis, this study aimed to further investigate the direct toxicity of ethanol on fetal articular cartilage development. Rat bone marrow-derived stroma cells were capsulated in alginate beads, incubated in a chondrogenic differentiation medium, and cultured for 4 weeks with ethanol treatment at concentrations of 0, 4, 20, and 100 mM. Pregnant rats were treated with ethanol (4 g/kg/day) from gestational days (GDs) 9 to 20. At GD20 and postnatal weeks 2, 6, and 12, 8 male offspring were sacrificed, and 8 male offspring rats of 8-weeks old in each group were treated with or without intraarticular injection of papain for 4 weeks to verify the susceptibility of adult osteoarthritis. Ethanol treatment resulted in poor differentiation of bone marrow-derived stroma cells to chondrocytes and suppressed the expression of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)-smad2/3-Sox9 signaling pathway. In animal experiments, the shape of articular cartilage in the ethanol treatment group was more disordered than that of the control group, the matrix was not deep, and the cartilage was thin, which showed poor cartilage development. The TGFβ signaling pathway in the ethanol treatment group was persistently low at all time points. After intraarticular injection of papain, histological analyses, and the Mankin score revealed increased cartilage destruction in the ethanol treatment group. Ethanol caused articular cartilage dysplasia that was programmed in adulthood via a low-functional TGFβ signaling pathway, and the tolerance of this articular cartilage to external stimuli was significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qubo Ni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kaihang Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jacques Magdalou
- Ingénierie Moléculaire, Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine, Lorraine, France
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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14
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Zhao G, Hu M, Li C, Lee J, Yuan K, Zhu G, Che C. Osteopontin contributes to effective neutrophil recruitment, IL-1β production and apoptosis in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:401-412. [PMID: 29359350 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is a major cause of corneal ulcers, resulting in significant visual impairment and blindness. A phosphorylated glycoprotein secreted by immunocompetent cells, osteopontin (OPN) mediates cluster formation of the host fungal receptors and enhances the phagocytosis and clearance of pathogenic fungi. However, whether OPN production and function occurs in fungal keratitis is unknown. OPN expression in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis patient corneas was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence. Human neutrophils, THP-1 macrophages and corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) stimulated with A. fumigatus were utilized for in vitro experiments. Mouse models of A. fumigatus keratitis were developed by intrastromal injection for in vivo experiments. Using siRNAs, neutralizing antibodies, recombinant proteins and inhibitors, the production and role of OPN in A. fumigatus infection was assessed by clinical evaluation, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, western blotting and bioluminescence image acquisition. We observed increased corneal OPN expression in A. fumigatus keratitis patients and mouse models compared to controls. OPN production in response to A. fumigatus infection was dependent on LOX-1 and Erk1/2. Compared to controls, OPN knockdown impaired proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β production, which was dependent on 4E-BP1. OPN knockdown decreased myeloperoxidase levels, and resulted in decreased neutrophil recruitment, higher fungal load and increased apoptosis in mouse A. fumigatus keratitis. Our results indicate that OPN is a critical component of the antifungal immune response and is essential for effective neutrophil recruitment, inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis in A. fumigatus keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kelan Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Che C, Liu J, Yang J, Ma L, Bai N, Zhang Q. Osteopontin is essential for IL-1β production and apoptosis in peri-implantitis. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2018; 20:384-392. [PMID: 29446213 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Che
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Na Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University; Qingdao China
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16
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Richards CJ, Graf KW, Mashru RP. The Effect of Opioids, Alcohol, and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Fracture Union. Orthop Clin North Am 2017; 48:433-443. [PMID: 28870304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The estimated rate of fracture nonunion is between 5% and 10%, adding significant cost to the health care system. The cause of fracture nonunion is multifactorial, including the severity of the injury, patient factors resulting in aberrancies in the biology of fracture, and the side effects of pain control modalities. Minimizing surgeon-controlled factors causing nonunion is important to reduce the cost of health care and improve patient outcomes. Opioids, alcohol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been implicated as risk factors for fracture nonunion. Current literature was reviewed to examine the effects of opioids, alcohol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on fracture union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Richards
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, 3 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Graf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Rakesh P Mashru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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17
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Quattrocelli M, Capote J, Ohiri JC, Warner JL, Vo AH, Earley JU, Hadhazy M, Demonbreun AR, Spencer MJ, McNally EM. Genetic modifiers of muscular dystrophy act on sarcolemmal resealing and recovery from injury. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007070. [PMID: 29065150 PMCID: PMC5669489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disruption of the dystrophin complex produces muscular dystrophy characterized by a fragile muscle plasma membrane leading to excessive muscle degeneration. Two genetic modifiers of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy implicate the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway, osteopontin encoded by the SPP1 gene and latent TGFβ binding protein 4 (LTBP4). We now evaluated the functional effect of these modifiers in the context of muscle injury and repair to elucidate their mechanisms of action. We found that excess osteopontin exacerbated sarcolemmal injury, and correspondingly, that loss of osteopontin reduced injury extent both in isolated myofibers and in muscle in vivo. We found that ablation of osteopontin was associated with reduced expression of TGFβ and TGFβ-associated pathways. We identified that increased TGFβ resulted in reduced expression of Anxa1 and Anxa6, genes encoding key components of the muscle sarcolemma resealing process. Genetic manipulation of Ltbp4 in dystrophic muscle also directly modulated sarcolemmal resealing, and Ltbp4 alleles acted in concert with Anxa6, a distinct modifier of muscular dystrophy. These data provide a model in which a feed forward loop of TGFβ and osteopontin directly impacts the capacity of muscle to recover from injury, and identifies an intersection of genetic modifiers on muscular dystrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Annexin A1/genetics
- Annexin A1/metabolism
- Annexin A6/genetics
- Annexin A6/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Modifier
- Latent TGF-beta Binding Proteins/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/injuries
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Animal/pathology
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Recovery of Function
- Sarcolemma/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Quattrocelli
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joanna Capote
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joyce C. Ohiri
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - James L. Warner
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andy H. Vo
- Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Judy U. Earley
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alexis R. Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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18
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Liu H, Jiang X, Wang T, Yu F, Wang X, Chen J, Xie X, Fan H. Myeloid zinc finger 1 protein is a key transcription stimulating factor of PYROXD2 promoter. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3245-3253. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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19
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Osteopontin at the Crossroads of Inflammation and Tumor Progression. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:4049098. [PMID: 28769537 PMCID: PMC5523273 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4049098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between tumor and host cells regulate systemic tumor dissemination, a process that begins early at the primary tumor site and goes on until tumor cells detach themselves from the tumor mass and start migrating into the blood or lymphatic vessels. Metastatic cells colonize the target organs and are capable of surviving and growing at distant sites. In this context, osteopontin (OPN) appears to be a key determinant of the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host microenvironment, which in turn modulates immune evasion. OPN is overexpressed in several human carcinomas and has been implicated in inflammation, tumor progression, and metastasis. Thus, it represents one of the most attracting targets for cancer therapy. Within the tumor mass, OPN is secreted in various forms either by the tumor itself or by stroma cells, and it can exert either pro- or antitumorigenic effects according to the cell type and tumor microenvironment. Thus, targeting OPN for therapeutic purposes needs to take into account the heterogeneous functions of the multiple OPN forms with regard to cancer formation and progression. In this review, we will describe the role of systemic, tumor-derived, and stroma-derived OPN, highlighting its pivotal role at the crossroads of inflammation and tumor progression.
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20
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Cervera-Juanes R, Wilhelm LJ, Park B, Grant KA, Ferguson B. Genome-wide analysis of the nucleus accumbens identifies DNA methylation signals differentiating low/binge from heavy alcohol drinking. Alcohol 2017; 60:103-113. [PMID: 27866807 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-use disorders encompass a range of drinking levels and behaviors, including low, binge, and heavy drinking. In this regard, investigating the neural state of individuals who chronically self-administer lower doses of alcohol may provide insight into mechanisms that prevent the escalation of alcohol use. DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that stabilizes adaptations in gene expression and has been associated with alcohol use. Thus, we investigated DNA methylation, gene expression, and the predicted neural effects in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) of male rhesus macaques categorized as "low" or "binge" drinkers, compared to "alcohol-naïve" and "heavy" drinkers based on drinking patterns during a 12-month alcohol self-administration protocol. Using genome-wide CpG-rich region enrichment and bisulfite sequencing, the methylation levels of 2.6 million CpGs were compared between alcohol-naïve (AN), low/binge (L/BD), and heavy/very heavy (H/VHD) drinking subjects (n = 24). Through regional clustering analysis, we identified nine significant differential methylation regions (DMRs) that specifically distinguished ANs and L/BDs, and then compared those DMRs among H/VHDs. The DMRs mapped to genes encoding ion channels, receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and cAMP, NF-κβ and Wnt signaling pathway proteins. Two of the DMRs, linked to PDE10A and PKD2L2, were also differentially methylated in H/VHDs, suggesting an alcohol-dose independent effect. However, two other DMRs, linked to the CCBE1 and FZD5 genes, had L/BD methylation levels that significantly differed from both ANs and H/VHDs. The remaining five DMRs also differentiated L/BDs and ANs. However, H/VHDs methylation levels were not distinguishable from either of the two groups. Functional validation of two DMRs, linked to FZD5 and PDE10A, support their role in regulating gene expression and exon usage, respectively. In summary, the findings demonstrate that L/BD is associated with unique DNA methylation signatures in the primate NAcc, and that the methylation signatures identify synaptic genes that may play a role in preventing the escalation of alcohol use.
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21
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Yang C, Wang Y, Xu H. Fluoride Regulate Osteoblastic Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Signaling by Mediating Recycling of the Type I Receptor ALK5. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170674. [PMID: 28125630 PMCID: PMC5268439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to preliminary investigate the role of activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 5 as one of TGF-βR1 subtypes in bone turnover and osteoblastic differentiation induced by fluoride. We analyzed bone mineral density and the expression of genes related with transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) signaling and bone turnover in rats treated by different concentrations of fluoride with or without SB431542 in vivo. Moreover, MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase staining, RT-PCR, immunocytochemical analysis and western blot analysis were used to detect the influence on bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) after stimulating by varying concentration of fluoride with or without SB431542 in vitro. The in vivo study showed SB431542 treatment affected bone density and gene expression of rats, which indicated TGF-β1 and ALK5 might take part in fluoride-induced bone turnover and bone formation. The in vitro study showed low concentration of fluoride improved BMSC cells viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and osteocalcin protein expression which were inhibited by high concentration of fluoride. The gene expression of Runx2 and ALK5 in cells increased after low concentration fluoride treatment which was also inhibited by high concentration of fluoride. Fluoride treatment inhibited gene and protein expression of Samd3 (except 1 mgF-/L). Compared with fluoride treatment alone, cells differentiation was inhibited with SB431542 treatment. Moreover, the expression of Runx2, ALK5 and Smad3 were influenced by SB431542 treatment. In conclusion, this preliminary study indicated that fluoride regulated osteoblastic TGFβ1 signaling in bone turnover and cells differentiation via ALK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Otosclerosis Associated with a De Novo Mutation -832G > A in the TGFB1 Gene Promoter Causing a Decreased Expression Level. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29572. [PMID: 27404893 PMCID: PMC4941736 DOI: 10.1038/srep29572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Otosclerosis (OTSC) is defined by abnormal bone remodeling in the otic capsule of middle ear which leads to conductive hearing loss. In our previous study, we have identified a de novo heterozygous mutation -832G > A in the promoter of TGFB1 in an otosclerosis patient. In the present study, we progressively screened this mutation in a cohort of 254 cases and 262 controls. The family members of the patient positive for -832G > A variation were also screened and found inheritance of this variation only to her daughter. Interestingly, this variation is associated with a decreased level of the TGFB1 transcript in the patient compared to her parents and controls. In silico analysis of this mutation predicted the altered binding of two transcription factors v-Myb and MZF1 in the mutated promoter sequence. Further, functional analysis of this mutation using in vitro luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that this variation is associated with decreased gene expression. In conclusion, this study established the fact that TGFB1 mutation -832G > A altered the TGFB1 promoter activity, which could affect the susceptibility to otosclerosis development. Further, systemic analysis of TGFB1 gene sequence and expression analysis of this gene might reveal its precise role in the pathogenesis of otosclerosis.
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23
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Eguchi T, Prince T, Wegiel B, Calderwood SK. Role and Regulation of Myeloid Zinc Finger Protein 1 in Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2146-54. [PMID: 25903835 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF1) belongs to the SCAN-Zinc Finger (SCAN-ZF) transcription factor family that has recently been implicated in a number of types of cancer. Although the initial studies concentrated on the role of MZF1 in myeloid differentiation and leukemia, the factor now appears to be involved in the etiology of major solid tumors such as lung, cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer. Here we discuss the regulation of MZF1 that mediated its recruitment and activation in cancer, concentrating on posttranslational modification by phosphorylation, and sumoylation, formation of promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies and its association with co-activators and co-repressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka Eguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Thomas Prince
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Osteopontin-A Master Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5040039. [PMID: 27023622 PMCID: PMC4850462 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important functional role in both physiologic and pathologic states. OPN is implicated in the progression of fibrosis, cancer, and metastatic disease in several organ systems. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), first described in embryology, is increasingly being recognized as a significant contributor to fibrotic phenotypes and tumor progression. Several well-established transcription factors regulate EMT and are conserved across tissue types and organ systems, including TWIST, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB), and SNAIL-family members. Recent literature points to an important relationship between OPN and EMT, implicating OPN as a key regulatory component of EMT programs. In this review, OPN’s interplay with traditional EMT activators, both directly and indirectly, will be discussed. Also, OPN’s ability to restructure the tissue and tumor microenvironment to indirectly modify EMT will be reviewed. Together, these diverse pathways demonstrate that OPN is able to modulate EMT and provide new targets for directing therapeutics.
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25
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Effect of TGF-β1 on the Migration and Recruitment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Vascular Balloon Injury: Involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinase-14. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21176. [PMID: 26880204 PMCID: PMC4754777 DOI: 10.1038/srep21176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Restenosis or occlusion after vascular procedures is ascribed to intimal hyperplasia. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is involved in recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) following arterial injury, and its release from latent TGF-binding protein by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14-induced proteolysis contributes to neointima formation. However, the relationship between MMP-14 and TGF-β1 activation in restenosis is unknown. This study investigated the relationship using a rat model of balloon-induced injury. Rats were assigned to vehicle-, SB431542 (SB)-, or recombinant human (rh)TGF-β1-treated groups and examined at various time points after balloon-induced injury for expression of TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway components, MMP-14 and MSCs markers including Nestin, CD29, and Sca1+CD29+CD11b/c−CD45−. Intimal hyperplasia was reduced in SB- and rhTGF-β1-treated rats. The expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β1RI, and Smad2/3 was decreased, but the levels of phosphorylated Smad2/3 were higher in SB-treated rats than vehicle-treated after 7 days to 14 days. rhTGF-β1 administration decreased the expression of TGF-β1/Smad pathway proteins, except for TGF-β1RI. Nestin and CD29 expression and the number of Sca1+CD29+CD11b−CD45− cells were reduced, whereas MMP-14 expression was increased after SB431542 and rhTGF-β1 administration. These results suggest that TGF-β1/Smad signalling and MMP-14 act to recruit MSCs which differentiate to vascular smooth muscle cells and mesenchymal-like cells that participate in arterial repair/remodelling.
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