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McShane PJ, Brunton AE, Choate R, Marmor M, Richards CJ, Solomon GM, Maselli DJ, Swenson C, Aksamit TR, Metersky ML. The Impact of Tobacco Smoking in Bronchiectasis: Data from the United States Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38712994 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202402-0466rl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J McShane
- University of Texas at Tyler, 12347, Tyler, Texas, United States;
| | | | - Radmila Choate
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, 50880, Epidemiology, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Meghan Marmor
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 10624, Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Christopher J Richards
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Pulmonary Critical Care, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - George M Solomon
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 9968, Medicine, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Diego J Maselli
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Pulmonary Diseases & Critical Care, San Antonio, Texas, United States
| | - Colin Swenson
- Emory University School of Medicine, 12239, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Timothy R Aksamit
- Mayo Clinic, Pulmonary Disease and Criticalcare Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Mark L Metersky
- University of Connecticut Medical Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
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Richards CJ, Steele JR, Spinks GM. Numerical model of pressure generated by elastic compression garments on a compressible human limb analogue. J Wound Care 2024; 33:171-179. [PMID: 38451791 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2024.33.3.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to formulate a numerical approach (finite element modelling (FEM)) to calculate pressure values generated by compression garments on a compressible limb analogue, and to validate the numerical approach using experimental measurements. Existing models were also compared. METHOD Experimentally measured pressure values and deformation caused by compression bands on a compressible human limb analogue were compared with values predicted using the Young-Laplace equation, a previously formulated analytical model and the FEM. RESULTS The FEM provided greater accuracy in predicting the pressure generated by compression bands compared to existing models. The FEM also predicted deformation of the limb analogue with good agreement relative to experimental values. CONCLUSION It was concluded that modelling the non-uniform manner in which the way a limb analogue is compressed should be incorporated into future modelling of the pressures generated by compression garments on a compressible limb analogue. DECLARATION OF INTEREST The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Richards
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Spinks
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Drysdale M, Choate R, Brunton AE, Tiberi S, Gillespie IA, Lininger N, Shrimpton SB, Metersky M, Lapinel NC, McShane PJ, Richards CJ, Swenson C, Sharma H, Mannino D, Winthrop KL. Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections in bronchiectasis patients: A retrospective US registry cohort study. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 83:102260. [PMID: 37741357 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Longitudinal epidemiological and clinical data are needed to improve the management of patients with bronchiectasis developing nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVES To describe the epidemiology, patient management, and treatment outcomes of NTM infections in patients with bronchiectasis enrolled in the United States Bronchiectasis and NTM Research Registry (US BRR). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with bronchiectasis and NTM infections enrolled with follow-up in the US BRR in 2008-2019. The study included patients with ≥1 positive NTM respiratory culture in the 24-month baseline period (baseline NTM cohort) and/or during the annual follow-up visits (incident NTM cohort). Incidence, prevalence, baseline patient characteristics, treatment exposure, treatment outcomes, and respiratory clinical outcomes were described in the baseline NTM cohort, incident NTM cohort, and both cohorts combined (prevalent NTM cohort). RESULTS Between 2008 and 2019, 37.9% (1457/3840) of patients with bronchiectasis in the US BRR met the inclusion criteria for this study and were reported to have Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and/or Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) infections. MAC prevalence increased steadily in the US BRR during 2009-2019; incidence was relatively stable, except for a peak in 2011 followed by a slow decrease. MABSC and mixed MAC/MABSC infections were rare. Most patients with bronchiectasis and NTM infections in the registry were female, White, and aged >65 years. The antibiotics administered most commonly reflected current guidelines. In the prevalent cohort, 44.9% of MAC infections and 37.1% of MABSC infections remained untreated during follow-up, and MAC treatment was initiated with delay (>90 days after positive NTM respiratory culture) twice as frequently as promptly (≤90 days after positive NTM respiratory culture) (68.6% vs 31.4%, respectively). The median time from diagnosis to treatment was shorter for MABSC versus MAC infections (194.0 days [interquartile range (IQR) 8.0, 380.0] vs 296.0 days [IQR 35.0, 705.0], respectively). Among patients with MAC infections who completed treatment, 27.6% were classified as cured and 29.6% as treatment failure during the annual follow-up visit window. For MABSC, these proportions were 25.0% and 28.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of MAC and MABSC infections were untreated or treated after initial delay/observation. MABSC infections were more likely to be treated and start treatment sooner than MAC infections. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to evaluate the monitor-with-delay approach and inform clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radmila Choate
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Amanda E Brunton
- Oregon Health and Science University, School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Simon Tiberi
- GSK, London, United Kingdom; Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Noah Lininger
- Oregon Health and Science University, School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Mark Metersky
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Nicole C Lapinel
- Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Pamela J McShane
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | | | | | | | - David Mannino
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kevin L Winthrop
- Oregon Health and Science University, School of Public Health, Portland, OR, United States.
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Richards CJ, Stephen Ojo O. Double asymmetric synthesis: faster reactions are more selective and a model to estimate relative rate. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7115-7128. [PMID: 37599596 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The catalysed reaction of an enantiopure substrate with formation of a new chirality element may result in higher diastereoselectivity with one enantiomer of a catalyst (matched pair) than with the other (mismatched pair). The hypothesis that the matched reaction is faster was investigated using literature examples of kinetic resolution procedures that result in the formation of a new stereogenic centre. With one exception from fifteen examples, the selectivity factor (s = kfast/kslow) = kmatched/kmismatched. A model to estimate the relative rate of a fast-matched reaction vs. the corresponding slow-mismatched reaction is proposed. This model also provides insight into the basis of the selectivity displayed in the kinetic resolution procedures studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Stephen Ojo
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Richards CJ, Friedman D, Pinsky H, Gootkind E, Lee H, Yonker L, Georgiopoulos AM. Alcohol and opiate misuse in adults with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2023; 58:2535-2542. [PMID: 37294071 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International consensus statements on depression and anxiety in adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis (awCF) recommend assessment for comorbid substance misuse. However, at CF centers, the frequency and impact of substance misuse have not been well characterized, and best practices for prevention, identification, and evidence-based treatment have not been routinely implemented. METHODS Medical records of 148 awCF over 3 years were reviewed to determine the prevalence of substance misuse (alcohol or opiates) and its relationship with clinical variables and healthcare utilization. Independent sample t test for continuous outcomes and χ2 test for binary outcomes were used to compare groups with and without substance misuse. RESULTS Substance misuse was documented in 28 (19%) awCF, equally distributed between alcohol (n = 13) and opiates (n = 15). Adults with substance misuse were more likely to be male. The prevalence of diagnosed anxiety and depression did not differ significantly between groups, but those with substance misuse had more severe anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Item [GAD-7]: 10.0 ± 6.1 vs. 3.3 ± 4.4; p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9: 10.4 ± 6.5 vs. 4.0 ± 4.8; p < 0.001). Adults with substance misuse had higher annual rates of missed outpatient CF visits, more frequent "sick" visits, more frequent and longer hospitalizations, and a higher mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS In awCF, substance misuse is common and associated with adverse indicators of emotional and physical health, including via proxy of service utilization, suggesting that systematic approaches to addressing substance misuse in CF clinics should be considered. Prospective, longitudinal study is warranted to elucidate the complex relationships between depression, anxiety, substance misuse, and health outcomes in individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Richards
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deborah Friedman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hanna Pinsky
- Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gootkind
- Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- MGH Center for Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lael Yonker
- Pediatric Pulmonary, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna M Georgiopoulos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ojo OS, Hughes DL, Richards CJ. An expedient copper-catalysed asymmetric synthesis of γ-lactones and γ-lactams. Application to the synthesis of lucidulactone A. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:4144-4149. [PMID: 37132994 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The parent Josiphos ligand gave excellent ee values (95-99%) and good yields (60-97%) in the copper-catalysed asymmetric conjugate reduction of β-aryl α,β-unsaturated lactones and lactams with PMHS. The substrates were obtained from stereospecific copper-catalysed addition of arylboronic acids to alkynoates followed by deprotection and cyclisation. The acyclic lactam precursors also underwent reduction with good ee values (83-85%) and yields (79-95%). Application of this asymmetric reduction methodology included the synthesis of natural product lucidulactone A.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Stephen Ojo
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - David L Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ U.K
| | - Alice C. Dean
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ U.K
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ U.K
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Forsyth JR, Richards CJ, Tsai MC, Whitting JW, Riddiford-Harland DL, Sheppard JM, Steele JR. Rate of loading, but not lower limb kinematics or muscle activity, is moderated by limb and aerial variation when surfers land aerials. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1780-1788. [PMID: 33775223 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1898167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether there were any differences in how surfers used their lead and trail limbs when landing two variations of a simulated aerial manoeuvre, and whether technique affected the forces generated at landing. Fifteen competitive surfers (age 20.3 ± 5.6 years, height 178.2 ± 9.16 cm, mass 71.0 ± 10.5 kg) performed a Frontside Air (FA) and Frontside Air Reverse (FAR), while we collected the impact forces, ankle and knee muscle activity, and kinematic data. A principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce 41 dependent variables into 10 components. A two-way MANOVA revealed that although there were no limb x aerial variation interactions, surfers generated significantly higher relative loading rates at landing for the trail limb compared to the lead limb (+28.8 BW/s; F(1,303) = 20.660, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.064). This was likely due to the surfers "slapping" the trail limb down when landing, rather than controlling placement of the limb. Similarly, higher relative loading rates were generated when landing the FA compared to the FAR (+23.6 BW/s; F(1,303) = 31.655, p < 0.0001, η2 = 0.095), due to less time over which the forces could be dissipated. No relationships between aerial variation or limb were found for any of the kinematic or muscle activity data. Practitioners should consider the higher relative loading rates generated by a surfer's trail limb and when surfers perform a FA when designing dry-land training to improve the aerial performance of surfing athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Forsyth
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J Richards
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterial Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biomechanics & Performance Analysis, Canadian Sports Institute, Victoria BC, Canada
| | - John W Whitting
- School of Health & Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW Australia
| | - Diane L Riddiford-Harland
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy M Sheppard
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA, Australia.,Department of Health & Performance Services,Canadian Sports Institute Pacific, Whistler BC, Canada
| | - Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW, Australia
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Deschamps D, Lohier JF, Richards CJ, Gaumont AC, Perrio S. Functionalization of [2.2]Paracyclophanes via a Reductive Sulfanylation Reaction. J Org Chem 2020; 86:507-514. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Deschamps
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Christopher J. Richards
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stéphane Perrio
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, LCMT, 14000 Caen, France
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Hariri LP, North CM, Shih AR, Israel RA, Maley JH, Villalba JA, Vinarsky V, Rubin J, Okin DA, Sclafani A, Alladina JW, Griffith JW, Gillette MA, Raz Y, Richards CJ, Wong AK, Ly A, Hung YP, Chivukula RR, Petri CR, Calhoun TF, Brenner LN, Hibbert KA, Medoff BD, Hardin CC, Stone JR, Mino-Kenudson M. Lung Histopathology in Coronavirus Disease 2019 as Compared With Severe Acute Respiratory Sydrome and H1N1 Influenza: A Systematic Review. Chest 2020; 159:73-84. [PMID: 33038391 PMCID: PMC7538870 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have respiratory failure with hypoxemia and acute bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, consistent with ARDS. Respiratory failure in COVID-19 might represent a novel pathologic entity. Research Question How does the lung histopathology described in COVID-19 compare with the lung histopathology described in SARS and H1N1 influenza? Study Design and Methods We conducted a systematic review to characterize the lung histopathologic features of COVID-19 and compare them against findings of other recent viral pandemics, H1N1 influenza and SARS. We systematically searched MEDLINE and PubMed for studies published up to June 24, 2020, using search terms for COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, and SARS with keywords for pathology, biopsy, and autopsy. Using PRISMA-Individual Participant Data guidelines, our systematic review analysis included 26 articles representing 171 COVID-19 patients; 20 articles representing 287 H1N1 patients; and eight articles representing 64 SARS patients. Results In COVID-19, acute-phase diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was reported in 88% of patients, which was similar to the proportion of cases with DAD in both H1N1 (90%) and SARS (98%). Pulmonary microthrombi were reported in 57% of COVID-19 and 58% of SARS patients, as compared with 24% of H1N1 influenza patients. Interpretation DAD, the histologic correlate of ARDS, is the predominant histopathologic pattern identified in lung pathology from patients with COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, and SARS. Microthrombi were reported more frequently in both patients with COVID-19 and SARS as compared with H1N1 influenza. Future work is needed to validate this histopathologic finding and, if confirmed, elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings and characterize any associations with clinically important outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida P Hariri
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Crystal M North
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Angela R Shih
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca A Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason H Maley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jonah Rubin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel A Okin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alyssa Sclafani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jehan W Alladina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason W Griffith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A Gillette
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yuval Raz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher J Richards
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra K Wong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Ly
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Camille R Petri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tiara F Calhoun
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laura N Brenner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn A Hibbert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C Corey Hardin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Richards CJ, Steele JR, Spinks GM. Experimental evaluation and analytical model of the pressure generated by elastic compression garments on a deformable human limb analogue. Med Eng Phys 2020; 83:93-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Chiral non-racemic palladacycles were employed as precatalysts for Pd(0) mediated asymmetric synthesis. Addition of HPAr2/base to a ferrocenyloxazoline planar chiral palladacycle resulted in ligand synthesis and palladium capture to give a bidentate Phosferrox/Pd(0) complex. A series of these complexes were generated in situ and applied successfully as catalysts for asymmetric allylic alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Arthurs
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TU, UK.
| | - David L Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TU, UK.
| | - Christopher J Richards
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TU, UK.
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13
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Bartley BL, Schwartz CE, Stark RB, Georgiopoulos AM, Friedman D, Richards CJ, Dorkin HL, Kinane TB, Neuringer IP, Yonker LM. Lung transplant referral practice patterns: a survey of cystic fibrosis physicians and general pulmonologists. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:58. [PMID: 32131782 PMCID: PMC7055110 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) die from respiratory failure without referral for lung transplant. Physician practices that may expedite, delay, or preclude referral, are poorly understood. METHODS Two parallel, web-based surveys focusing on lung transplant referral triggers and barriers, as well as pre-referral evaluation, were emailed to pulmonologists practicing in the New England region. One questionnaire was sent to CF providers (n = 61), and the second to general pulmonary providers practicing at the same institutions (n = 61). RESULTS There were 43 (70%) responses to the CF provider survey, and 25 (41%) responses to the general pulmonary ('non-CF') provider survey. Primary reasons for CF providers to refer their patients included: rapidly declining lung function (91%) and a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) below 30% predicted (74%). The greatest barriers to referral for both CF and non-CF providers included active tobacco use (65 and 96%, respectively, would not refer), and active alcohol or other substance use or dependence (63 and 80%). Furthermore, up to 42% of CF providers would potentially delay their referral if triple-combination therapy or other promising new, disease-specific therapy were anticipated. In general, non-CF providers perform a more robust pre-referral medical work-up, while CF providers complete a psychosocial evaluation in higher numbers. Across both groups, communication with lung transplant programs was reported to be inadequate. CONCLUSIONS Physician-level barriers to timely lung transplant referral exist and need to be addressed. Enhanced communication between lung transplant programs and pulmonary providers may reduce these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Bartley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Carolyn E Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA
| | - Roland B Stark
- DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA
| | - Anna M Georgiopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Deborah Friedman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Christopher J Richards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Henry L Dorkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - T Bernard Kinane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Isabel P Neuringer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lael M Yonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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14
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Arthurs RA, Hughes DL, Richards CJ. Stereoselective Synthesis of All Possible Phosferrox Ligand Diastereoisomers Displaying Three Elements of Chirality: Stereochemical Optimization for Asymmetric Catalysis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4838-4847. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Richards
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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15
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Abstract
Over the past decade, the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection has been increasing in cystic fibrosis patients. Along with this have come a host of complications and burdens to patients that threaten longevity and quality of life. The two main constituents of NTM pulmonary disease, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. abscessus, are notoriously difficult to treat with suboptimal clinical responses and are accompanied by high treatment burdens for patients. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of NTM epidemiology, pathogenesis, professional society guidelines for diagnosis and treatment, and the efficacy of current management recommendations, with attention to cystic fibrosis patients. We go on to examine drugs of emerging but unknown efficacy in clinical use to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current state of management of NTM for cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Richards
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth N Olivier
- Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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16
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Arthurs RA, Hughes DL, Richards CJ. Ferrocenyloxazoline-Derived Planar Chiral Palladacycles: C–H Activation, Transmetalation, and Reversal of Diastereoselectivity. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research
Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research
Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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17
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Arthurs RA, Hughes DL, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Richards CJ. Application of Transmetalation to the Synthesis of Planar Chiral and Chiral-at-Metal Iridacycles. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Peter N. Horton
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Richards
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Mojica
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Christopher J Richards
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Jad S Husseini
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Lida P Hariri
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (J.E.M., C.J.R.), Radiology (J.S.H.), and Pathology (L.P.H.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
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19
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Arthurs RA, Prior CC, Hughes DL, Oganesyan VS, Richards CJ. Enantiopure Planar Chiral and Chiral-at-Metal Iridacycles Derived from Bulky Cobalt Sandwich Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Christopher C. Prior
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Vasily S. Oganesyan
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Richards
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
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20
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Abstract
Pyotr Kapitza studied in 1951 the unusual equilibrium features of a rigid pendulum when its point of suspension is under a high-frequency vertical vibration. A sufficiently fast vibration makes the top position stable, putting the pendulum in an inverted orientation that seemingly defies gravity. Kapitza’s analytical method, based on an asymptotic separation of fast and slow variables yielding a renormalized potential, has found application in many diverse areas. Here we study Kapitza’s pendulum going beyond its typical idealizations, by explicitly considering its finite stiffness and the dissipative interaction with the surrounding medium, and using similar theoretical methods as Kapitza. The pendulum is realized at the micrometre scale using a colloidal particle suspended in water and trapped by optical tweezers. Though the strong dissipation present at this scale prevents the inverted pendulum regime, new ones appear in which the equilibrium positions are displaced to the side, and with transitions between them determined either by the driving frequency or the friction coefficient. These new regimes could be exploited in applications aimed at particle separation at small scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Richards
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas J Smart
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Philip H Jones
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David Cubero
- Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I, EPS, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Virgen de África 7, 41011, Sevilla, Spain.
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21
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Arthurs RA, Richards CJ. Multiple Acetylation of Pentaphenylferrocene – Synthesis and Asymmetric Reduction of 1‐Acetyl‐1′,2′,3′,4′,5′‐penta(
para
‐acetylphenyl)ferrocene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park NR4 7TJ Norwich U.K
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22
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Taylor A, Bruno K, Calvo-Lorenzo M, Richards CJ, Krehbiel CR, Rolf MM, Desilva U, VanOverbeke DL, Mateescu RG, Place SE. 20 The Effects of Extended Water Restriction on the Hematological Cell Distribution of Beef Cattle in Confinement. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Taylor
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - K Bruno
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | | | | | | | - M M Rolf
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - U Desilva
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | | | | | - S E Place
- National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, Centennial, CO
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23
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Haviland CL, Richards CJ, Reed JA, Youngers ME, Quanz ST, Lockard CG, Woolsoncroft MA, Husz TC, Goad CL, Jackson TA, Step DL, Corbin M, Krehbiel CR. 151 Growth, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Holstein Steers Fed Ractopamine Hydrochloride. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J A Reed
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | | | - S T Quanz
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | | | | | - T C Husz
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - C L Goad
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - T A Jackson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - D L Step
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
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24
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Arthurs RA, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Richards CJ. Cover Feature: Stereoselective and Stereospecific Reactions of Cobalt Sandwich Complexes: Synthesis of a New Class of Single Enantiomer Bulky Planar Chiral P−N and P−P Ligands (Chem. Eur. J. 17/2018). Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Peter N. Horton
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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25
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Andreini EM, Calvo-Lorenzo MS, Richards CJ, White JE, Place SE. Technical note: valuation of an enteric methane emissions measurement system for cattle. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:2481-2487. [PMID: 28727073 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the process of enteric fermentation, cattle produce methane (CH), a potent greenhouse gas (GHG). Growing public concern about climate change has increased the need for accurate methods of measuring CH emissions from cattle directly to improve emission inventories and evaluate emissions mitigation techniques. The present study evaluated a ventilated head box system capable of measuring CH and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, and oxygen (O) consumption from cattle. Six Holstein heifers were used to measure CH and CO emissions and O consumption from 2 ad libitum intake measurement periods (ADAPT and ADLIB) and 1 measurement period (RESTRICT) with intake restricted to 2% of BW on a DM basis. Methane emissions during RESTRICT were significantly lower ( < 0.0001) than both ad libitum periods. Daily CH4 emission rates per animal were 235.0 ± 6.19 L/d, 228.3 ± 6.18 L/d, and 193.2 ± 8.88 L/d for the periods ADAPT, ADLIB, and RESTRICT, respectively. Carbon dioxide emission rates were 3627 ± 90.72 L/d, 3632 ± 90.47, and 3184 ± 104.79 L/d for the ADAPT, ADLIB, and RESTRICT periods, respectively. Oxygen consumption rates were 3391 ± 99.77 L/d, 3454 ± 99.57 L/d, and 3002 ± 111.36 L/d for the periods ADAPT, ADLIB, and RESTRICT, respectively. The head box system evaluated provides an accurate method of measuring emissions from cattle and can provide information about daily variations and peaks in emissions.
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26
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Steele JR, Gho SA, Campbell TE, Richards CJ, Beirne S, Spinks GM, Wallace GG. The Bionic Bra: Using electromaterials to sense and modify breast support to enhance active living. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng 2018; 5:2055668318775905. [PMID: 31191941 PMCID: PMC6453067 DOI: 10.1177/2055668318775905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the most supportive sports bras can control breast motion and associated breast pain, they are frequently deemed uncomfortable to wear and, as a result, many women report exercise bra discomfort. Given that exercise bra discomfort is associated with decreased levels of physical activity, there is a pertinent need to develop innovative solutions to address this problem. OBJECTIVES This research aimed to evaluate the use of electromaterial sensors and artificial muscle technology to create a bra that was capable of detecting increases in breast motion and then responding with increased breast support to enhance active living. METHODS The research involved two phases: (i) evaluating sensors suitable for monitoring and providing feedback on changes in the amplitude and frequency of breast motion, and (ii) evaluating an actuator capable of changing breast support provided by a bra during activity. RESULTS When assessed in isolation, the developed technologies were capable of sensing breast motion and actuating to provide some additional breast support. CONCLUSIONS The challenge now lies in integrating both technologies into a functional sports bra prototype, and assessing this prototype in a controlled biomechanical analysis to provide a breast support solution that will enable women to enjoy active living in comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School
of Medicine,
Faculty
of Science, Medicine & Health, University of
Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Sheridan A Gho
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, School
of Medicine,
Faculty
of Science, Medicine & Health, University of
Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Toni E Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence in
Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of
Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Christopher J Richards
- ARC Centre of Excellence in
Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of
Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stephen Beirne
- ARC Centre of Excellence in
Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of
Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Geoffrey M Spinks
- ARC Centre of Excellence in
Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of
Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence in
Electromaterials Science and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of
Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Wilson BK, Richards CJ, Step DL, Krehbiel CR. Best management practices for newly weaned calves for improved health and well-being. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2170-2182. [PMID: 28727007 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality in newly weaned calves resulting from bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continue to be the most significant problems facing the beef industry. Morbidity attributed to BRD accounts for approximately 75% of total feedlot morbidity. Several experiments have documented the economic impacts of BRD. Direct costs attributable to BRD include death loss, treatment and labor costs, and prevention costs, while indirect costs associated with BRD include decreased growth performance and feed efficiency, increased days on feed, and decreased carcass merit and market value. In recent years, cattle treated for BRD have returned $50 to $250 less per head at harvest than cattle never treated for BRD. Best management practices for newly weaned calves vary depending on a multitude of factors including: season of year calves are purchased, calf genetics, length of time in the marketing and transport channels, previous management and vaccination programs, and other factors. In general, calves purchased directly from a ranch have fewer health problems than calves purchased through auction markets. The longer a calf is in the marketing chain, the more likely health problems will be encountered. Calves that have spent several days in the marketing chain may develop clinical BRD before or very soon after arrival, whereas cattle with less time in the marketing chain may get sick later (2 to 4 wk), due to the length of time it takes for BRD to develop. On or before arrival, calves should be given a risk score (high, medium, or low) that relates to the quantity and magnitude of stress they have encountered and the probability they will develop BRD. High-risk calves typically will have been recently weaned, received no vaccinations, not been castrated or dehorned, been commingled, and moved through an auction market. Low-risk calves will often originate from a single source and will have gone through a preconditioning program that includes vaccination, castration, dehorning, weaning, and potentially feed bunk adaptation. Variation exists within risk category, so the preliminary assessment should be combined with visual observation on arrival as additional health assessments and feed intake information becomes available. Cattle managers should adjust management strategies based on risk category to meet the perceived needs of individual lots of cattle to improve the health and well-being of newly weaned calves.
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28
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Ramirez RN, Richards CJ, Kozin SH, Zlotolow DA. Combined Elbow Release and Humeral Rotational Osteotomy in Arthrogryposis. J Hand Surg Am 2017; 42:926.e1-926.e9. [PMID: 28716382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine if a simultaneous posterior elbow release and humeral osteotomy to correct both the elbow extension contracture and the humeral internal rotation contracture in children with arthrogryposis can produce similar results as a posterior elbow release alone. METHODS This study was a retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with arthrogryposis treated surgically for elbow extension contracture between 2007 and 2014. A total of 43 procedures in 36 patients had adequate available follow-up data and were included in the study. The postoperative range of motion reported was measured at the early follow-up (3-6 months), midterm follow-up (between 1 and 2 years), and the most recent long-term follow-up (after 2 years) from the date of surgery. Patients were grouped into 2 groups (simultaneous and release) based on the necessity of performing an ipsilateral humeral rotation osteotomy at the time of the release. RESULTS At early follow-up, patients in both groups increased their total arc of motion. There was a significant difference in extension and arc of motion at midterm follow-up (between 1 and 2 years) between the simultaneous and the release groups with the simultaneous group significantly losing both terminal extension and total arc of motion. At more than 2 years follow-up, there remained a statistically significant difference in arc of motion, with the release group having a significantly larger arc of motion. Patients who underwent dual plating had a much larger arc of motion at early follow-up than the K-wire or single-plate fixation group, despite having similar preoperative extension, flexion, and arc of motion. This difference was also significant at late follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with posterior release alone had significantly greater improvement in total arc of motion and significantly better elbow extension than patients who underwent a simultaneous humeral osteotomy. However, rigid fixation with early mobilization may yield results comparable with the release alone group. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rey N Ramirez
- Department of Orthopaedics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ
| | | | - Scott H Kozin
- Shriners Hospital for Children of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dan A Zlotolow
- Shriners Hospital for Children of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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29
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Abstract
The estimated rate of fracture nonunion is between 5% and 10%, adding significant cost to the health care system. The cause of fracture nonunion is multifactorial, including the severity of the injury, patient factors resulting in aberrancies in the biology of fracture, and the side effects of pain control modalities. Minimizing surgeon-controlled factors causing nonunion is important to reduce the cost of health care and improve patient outcomes. Opioids, alcohol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been implicated as risk factors for fracture nonunion. Current literature was reviewed to examine the effects of opioids, alcohol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on fracture union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Richards
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, 3 Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Graf
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Rakesh P Mashru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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30
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Richards CJ, Arthurs RA. Frontispiece: Catalyst Optimisation for Asymmetric Synthesis by Ligand Chirality Element Addition: A Perspective on Stereochemical Cooperativity. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201784862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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31
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Richards CJ, Arthurs RA. Catalyst Optimisation for Asymmetric Synthesis by Ligand Chirality Element Addition: A Perspective on Stereochemical Cooperativity. Chemistry 2017; 23:11460-11478. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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32
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Carlos-Valdez L, Wilson BK, Burciaga-Robles LO, Step DL, Holland BP, Richards CJ, Montelongo MA, Confer AW, Fulton RW, Krehbiel CR. Effect of timing of challenge following short-term natural exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b on animal performance and immune response in beef steers. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:4799-4808. [PMID: 27898956 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common and economically detrimental disease of beef cattle during the postweaning period, causing the majority of morbidity and mortality in feedlots. The pathogenesis of this disease often includes an initial viral infection, which can predispose cattle to a secondary bacterial infection. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of timing of an intratracheal (MH) challenge relative to 72 h of natural exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1b persistently infected (PI) calves on performance, serum antibody production, total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count, rectal temperature, clinical severity score (CS), and haptoglobin (Hp). Steers ( = 24; 276 ± 31 kg initial BW) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments (8 steers/treatment) in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were steers not exposed to calves PI with BVDV 1b and not challenged with MH (CON), steers intratracheally challenged with MH 84 h after being exposed to calves PI with BVDV 1b for 72 h (LateCh), and steers intratracheally challenged with MH 12 h after being exposed to calves PI with BVDV 1b for 72 h (EarlyCh). Performance (ADG, DMI, and G:F) was decreased ( < 0.001) for both EarlyCh and LateCh from d 0 to 4. From d 5 to 17, LateCh appeared to compensate for this lost performance and demonstrated increased ADG ( = 0.01) and G:F ( = 0.01) compared with EarlyCh. Both EarlyCh and LateCh had decreased platelet counts ( < 0.001) compared with CON. Antibody concentrations of BVDV and MH were higher ( < 0.05) for both EarlyCh and LateCh compared with CON. Rectal temperature, CS, and Hp increased ( < 0.001) across time from h 4 to 48, h 4 to 36, and h 8 to 168, respectively. Within 24 h of MH challenge, WBC and neutrophil concentrations within the blood increased whereas lymphocyte concentrations decreased. The timing of BVDV exposure relative to a MH challenge appears to influence the CS and acute phase response associated with BRD. As typical beef cattle marketing channels allow for variation in the timing of respiratory pathogen exposure, understanding the physiological changes in morbid cattle will lead to improved management of BRD.
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33
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The fourth year of medical school has come under recent scrutiny for its lack of structure, cost- and time-effectiveness, and quality of education it provides. Some have advocated for increasing clinical burden in the fourth year, while others have suggested it be abolished. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between fourth-year course load and success during internship. METHODS We reviewed transcripts of 78 internal medicine interns from 2011-2013 and compared the number of intensive courses (defined as subinternships, intensive care, surgical clerkships, and emergency medicine rotations) with multi-source performance evaluations from the internship. We assessed relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of achieving excellent scores according to the number of intensive courses taken, using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for demographics, US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 board scores, and other measures of medical school performance. RESULTS For each additional intensive course taken, the RR of obtaining an excellent score per intensive course was 1.05 (95% CI 1.03-1.07, P < .001), whereas the RR per nonintensive course taken was 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1.00, P = .03). An association of intensive course work with increased risk of excellent performance was seen across multiple clinical competencies, including medical knowledge (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.11); patient care (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.10); and practice-based learning (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.09). CONCLUSIONS For this single institution's cohort of medical interns, increased exposure to intensive course work during the fourth year of medical school was associated with better clinical evaluations during internship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Richards
- Corresponding author: Christopher J. Richards, MD, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Pulmonary Medicine, Kirstein Basement 23, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, 617.667.5864, fax 617.667.4849,
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Abstract
Highly diastereoselective lithiation (s-BuLi/TMEDA in Et2O, -78 °C, 2 h) of (S)-2-ferrocenyl-4-(substituted)oxazolines followed by addition of MeOH-d4 gave up to 95% D incorporation. Subsequent application of alternative lithiation conditions (n-BuLi in THF, -78 °C, 2 h), followed by addition of an electrophile, resulted in a reversal of diastereoselectivity controlled primarily by the high kH/kD value for lithiation (isomer ratio typically between 10:1 and 20:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross A Arthurs
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TU, U.K
| | - Christopher J Richards
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TU, U.K
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Arthurs RA, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Richards CJ. Phenyl vs. Ferrocenyl Cyclometallation Selectivity: Diastereoselective Synthesis of an Enantiopure Iridacycle. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park NR4 7TJ Norwich United Kingdom
| | - Peter N. Horton
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service; School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield SO17 1BJ Southampton United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service; School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield SO17 1BJ Southampton United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Richards
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park NR4 7TJ Norwich United Kingdom
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Vincent A, Deschamps D, Martzel T, Lohier JF, Richards CJ, Gaumont AC, Perrio S. Enantiomerically Pure [2.2]Paracyclophane-4-thiol: A Planar Chiral Sulfur-Based Building Block Readily Available by Resolution with an Amino Acid Chiral Auxiliary. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3961-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Vincent
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000 Caen, France. Full address: Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen-Normandie, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Damien Deschamps
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000 Caen, France. Full address: Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen-Normandie, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Thomas Martzel
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000 Caen, France. Full address: Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen-Normandie, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jean-François Lohier
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000 Caen, France. Full address: Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen-Normandie, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Christopher J. Richards
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Annie-Claude Gaumont
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000 Caen, France. Full address: Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen-Normandie, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Perrio
- Normandie Univ, LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000 Caen, France. Full address: Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen-Normandie, 14050 Caen, France
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O’Connell CD, Di Bella C, Thompson F, Augustine C, Beirne S, Cornock R, Richards CJ, Chung J, Gambhir S, Yue Z, Bourke J, Zhang B, Taylor A, Quigley A, Kapsa R, Choong P, Wallace GG. Development of the Biopen: a handheld device for surgical printing of adipose stem cells at a chondral wound site. Biofabrication 2016; 8:015019. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/015019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Maxwell CL, Bernhard BC, O'Neill CF, Wilson BK, Hixon CG, Haviland CL, Grimes AN, Calvo-Lorenzo MS, VanOverbeke DL, Mafi GG, Richards CJ, Step DL, Holland BP, Krehbiel CR. The effects of technology use in feedlot production systems on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:1340-9. [PMID: 26020911 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of feedlot production systems with and without the use of a β-adrenergic agonist compared to an all-natural production program on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers ( = 336; initial BW = 379 ± 8 kg) were randomized to 1 of 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCBD; 14 steers/pen; 8 pens/treatment). Treatments consisted of an all-natural treatment (NAT), a conventional treatment (CONV), and a conventional treatment with a β-agonist (CONV-Z). All treatments were fed the same basal diet with NAT cattle receiving no growth promoting technologies. The CONV and CONV-Z cattle were implanted with 40 mg of estradiol and 200 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA) on d 0 and were fed 33 and 9 mg/kg of monensin and tylosin daily, respectively. The CONV-Z cattle were fed zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) at 6.76 mg/kg (90% DM basis) for the last 20 days on feed (DOF) There was no effect of treatment on DMI ( = 0.83); however, CONV-Z steers gained 3.8% faster (1.64 vs. 1.58 kg/d; < 0.01) and were 5.3% more efficient (0.160 vs. 0.152; < 0.01) than CONV steers, and CONV steers gained 32.8% faster (1.58 vs. 1.19 kg/d; < 0.01) and were 26.7% more efficient (0.152 vs. 0.120; < 0.01) than NAT steers. There was a 35.7% improvement in estimated carcass gain (1.29 vs. 0.95 kg/d; < 0.01) and a 32.6% improvement in carcass efficiency (0.126 vs. 0.095; < 0.01) for CONV-Z steers compared to NAT steers. Hot carcass weight was increased by 8 kg for CONV-Z steers compared to CONV steers (394 vs. 386 kg; = 0.05) and 46 kg compared to NAT steers (394 vs. 348 kg; < 0.01). Longissimus muscle area was increased by 3.6 cm for CONV-Z steers compared to CONV steers (92.29 vs. 88.67 cm; = 0.02) and 12.1 cm for CONV-Z steers compared to NAT steers (92.29 vs. 80.16 cm; < 0.01), resulting in a 9.6% unit increase in USDA yield grade (YG) 1 (15.14 vs. 5.52%; < 0.05) and a 21.6% unit reduction in USDA YG 3 for CONV-Z steers compared to CONV steers (30.70 vs. 52.32%; < 0.05). The CONV-Z steers had a lower marbling score compared to the other treatments (432; 0.01), resulting in an 11.7% unit increase (20.70 vs. 9.03%; < 0.05) in USDA Select carcasses compared to CONV steers. The results of this experiment show that CONV-Z and CONV production results in a significant improvement in feedlot performance and USDA YG compared to NAT.
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Arthurs RA, Ismail M, Prior CC, Oganesyan VS, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Richards CJ. Enantiopure Ferrocene-Based Planar-Chiral Iridacycles: Stereospecific Control of Iridium-Centred Chirality. Chemistry 2016; 22:3065-72. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross A. Arthurs
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
- Department of Chemistry; Karakoram International University; University Road Gilgit- 15100 Pakistan
| | - Christopher C. Prior
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Vasily S. Oganesyan
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Peter N. Horton
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service; School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service; School of Chemistry; University of Southampton; Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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Arthurs RA, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Richards CJ. Metallocene to metallocene conversion. Synthesis of an oxazoline-substituted pentamethyliridocenium cation from a ferrocenyloxazoline. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7024-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01959e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel metallocene to metallocene conversion is reported in which an air-stable oxazoline-substituted ferrocene is converted into an air-stable oxazoline-substituted iridocenium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter N. Horton
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- EPSRC National Crystallography Service
- School of Chemistry
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyle J. Cassar
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Hemin Roghzai
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Didier Villemin
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Moleculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, labex EMC3, ENSICAEN 14050 Caen, France
| | - Peter N. Horton
- EPSRC
National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- EPSRC
National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Richards
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Panchal K, Amin J, Roca FX, Motevalli M, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Richards CJ. Synthesis of racemic palladacycles from 2-ferrocenylphenylphosphines. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Maxwell CL, Krehbiel CR, Wilson BK, Johnson BT, Bernhard BC, O'Neill CF, VanOverbeke DL, Mafi GG, Step DL, Richards CJ. Effects of beef production system on animal performance and carcass characteristics. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:5727-38. [PMID: 25403195 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate conventional (CONV) and natural (NAT) beef production systems from annual pasture through finishing through grazing. Beef steers (n=180, initial BW=250±19 kg) were assigned randomly to 2 treatments in the pasture phase. Steers were implanted with 40 mg of trenbolone acetate (TBA), 8 mg estradiol, and 29 mg tylosin tartrate (CONV), or received no implant (NAT). Steers on the 2 treatments grazed wheat or cereal rye for 109 d. Conventional steers had an 18.5% improvement in ADG (1.22 vs. 1.03 kg/d, P<0.01) and a heavier final BW (385 vs. 366 kg, P<0.01) compared with NAT steers. Following the pasture phase, steers (n=160 steers, 5 steers/pen, 8 pens/treatment) were assigned to a 2×2 factorial in the feedlot phase. Production system (NAT vs. CONV) was maintained from the pasture phase, and the second factor was 7 vs. 12% low-quality roughage (DM basis, LOW vs. HIGH). During finishing, CONV steers were given 120 mg of TBA and 24 mg estradiol at processing, fed monensin and tylosin, and fed zilpaterol hydrochloride for the last 20 d of the experiment. There were no program×roughage level interactions (P>0.07). The CONV steers ate 6.9% more feed (11.8 vs. 11.0 kg/d, P<0.01), gained 28.4% faster (1.90 vs. 1.48 kg/d, P<0.01), and were 24.2% more efficient (0.164 vs. 0.132, P<0.01) compared with NAT steers. The LOW steers had greater G:F (0.153 vs. 0.144, P<0.01) compared with HIGH steers. There was a 28.3% improvement in estimated carcass weight gain (1.36 vs. 1.06 kg/d), 18.6% improvement in carcass efficiency (0.115 vs. 0.097, P<0.01), and 21.6% improvement (1.52 vs. 1.25 Mcal/kg, P<0.01) in calculated dietary NEg for CONV compared with NAT steers. Hot carcass weight was increased by 62 kg (424 vs. 362 kg, P<0.01) and LM area was increased by 16.9 cm2 (100.9 vs. 84.0 cm2, P<0.01), decreasing USDA yield grade (YG, 3.09 vs. 3.54, P<0.01) for CONV steers compared with NAT steers. Natural steers had a greater percentage of carcasses in the upper 2/3 of USDA Choice grade (48.7 vs. 18.7%, P<0.01), a greater percentage of YG 4 and 5 carcasses (25.4 vs. 9.3%, P<0.01), and a greater percentage of abscessed livers (39.6 vs. 10.5%, P<0.01) compared with CONV steers. The results show that CONV production results in more rapid and efficient production that resulted in heavier carcasses with superior YG and desirable quality grades with both roughage levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D L Step
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
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Korim MT, Clarke DR, Allen PE, Richards CJ, Ashford RU. Clinical and oncological outcomes after surgical excision of pigmented villonodular synovitis at the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Surg 2014; 20:130-4. [PMID: 24796833 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare benign neoplastic disease of the synovium of joints and tendon sheaths, which may be locally aggressive. It can be broadly classified into localised disease or more diffuse forms, with the latter more prone to recurrence after surgical excision. We describe our experience in the management of foot and ankle PVNS, focusing on the diffuse type. METHODS Patients with PVNS were identified from a histology database from 2000 to 2010 at the University Hospitals of Leicester. The primary aim was to determine oncological outcomes and evaluate clinical outcomes with the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) and the American Academy of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (AOFAS) scores. RESULTS 30 patients, 16 males and 14 females with a mean age of 37±15 years, who underwent surgery, were identified. There were 22 nodular PVNS and 8 diffuse PVNS. The diffuse PVNS was more likely to be in the hindfoot (75%, 6/8), of which 50% (3/6) had osteoarthritis at presentation. The localised PVNS was mostly located in the forefoot (91%, 20/22). None of the localised PVNS had a recurrence. The surgical recurrence rate in this series was similar to the pooled recurrence rate from the literature [12.5% (1/8) compared to 12.2% (6/49)]. The mean TESS and AOFAS scores were 86 and 78, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Diffuse PVNS is more likely to occur in the hindfoot and nodular PVNS is more common in the forefoot. Aggressive synovectomy alone is an effective treatment for diffuse PVNS, with good oncological and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Korim
- Leicester Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK.
| | - D R Clarke
- Leicester Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK
| | - P E Allen
- Leicester Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK
| | - C J Richards
- East Midlands Sarcoma Service, UK; Histopathology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester, UK
| | - R U Ashford
- Leicester Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK; East Midlands Sarcoma Service, UK; Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma & Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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Eastley N, Aujla R, Silk R, Richards CJ, McCulloch TA, Esler CP, Ashford RU. Extra-abdominal desmoid fibromatosis--a sarcoma unit review of practice, long term recurrence rates and survival. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014; 40:1125-30. [PMID: 24612653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.02.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Desmoid fibromatosis (DF) carries a significant morbidity and a recognised mortality. Despite this there are currently limited diagnostic or treatment algorithms specific to cases of extra-abdominal DF. Historically surgical excision has formed the cornerstone of treatment. Recently however a paradigm shift has meant many practitioners now adopt a more conservative approach, placing emphasis on active surveillance, function preserving resections, and non-surgical oncologic therapies. METHODS We performed an 8-year retrospective review of all cases of extra-abdominal DF managed within our region to assess the consistency of diagnostics, management and long-term outcome. RESULTS 47 eligible cases were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 41.3 years (1-81 years). Disease location and speciality of diagnosing practitioners were varied. Management was generally inconsistent. Variation was seen in imaging, biopsy techniques, MDT involvement and management. At a median follow up of 4.9 years our local recurrence rate was 19%. DISCUSSION The optimal management of DF is unknown. This has led to a lack of formalised guidance for practitioners managing this challenging condition, resulting in inconsistencies and areas for improvement in current management. We propose a diagnostic pathway which may improve consistency of care, reduce potentially unnecessary surgery and the associated morbidity, and significantly increase the rate of complete (R0) surgical resections when surgery is deemed appropriate whilst not significantly worsening oncological outcome. Specifically we propose all cases should be imaged appropriately (usually with MRI), undergo a planned biopsy (by radiologically guided core needle biopsy) and be managed centrally in conjunction with multidisciplinary sarcoma units.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Eastley
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, United Kingdom.
| | - R Aujla
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, United Kingdom.
| | - R Silk
- Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
| | - C J Richards
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, United Kingdom.
| | - T A McCulloch
- Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
| | - C P Esler
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, United Kingdom; Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
| | - R U Ashford
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, United Kingdom; Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom; Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma & Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Cassar DJ, Ilyashenko G, Ismail M, Woods J, Hughes DL, Richards CJ. Enantioselective synthesis and application to the allylic imidate rearrangement of amine-coordinated palladacycle catalysts of cobalt sandwich complexes. Chemistry 2013; 19:17951-62. [PMID: 24264943 PMCID: PMC4517145 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of (η(5)-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)cyclopentadien-yl)(η(4)-tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt with sodium tetrachloropalladate and (R)-N-acetylphenylalanine gave planar chiral palladacycle di-μ-chloridebis[(η(5)-(Sp)-2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyl)cyclopentadienyl,1-C,3'-N)(η(4)-tetraphenylcyclobutadiene)cobalt]dipalladium [(Sp )-Me2 -CAP-Cl] in 92% ee and 64% yield. Enantiopurity (>98% ee) was achieved by purification of the monomeric (R)-proline adducts and conversion back to the chloride dimer. Treatment with AgOAc gave (Sp)-Me2-CAP-OAc which was applied to asymmetric transcyclopalladation (up to 78% ee). The (R)-N-acetylphenylalanine mediated palladation methodology was applicable also to the corresponding N,N-diethyl (82% ee, 39% yield) and pyrrolidinyl (>98% ee, 43% yield) cobalt sandwich complexes. A combination of 5 mol % of the latter [(Sp)-Pyrr-CAP-Cl] and AgNO3 (3.8 equiv) is a catalyst for the allylic imidate rearrangement of an (E)-N-aryltrifluoroacetimidate (up to 83% ee), and this catalyst system is also applicable to the rearrangement of a range of (E)-trichloroacetimidates (up to 99% ee). This asymmetric efficiency combined with the simplicity of catalyst synthesis provides accessible solutions to the generation of non-racemic allylic amine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyle J Cassar
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ (UK)
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Bloomberg BD, Mafi GG, Pye BJ, Wahrmund JL, Richards CJ, Morgan JB, Vanoverbeke DL. Impact of health management, health treatments, and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on carcass quality, color, and palatability traits in heifers. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3465-73. [PMID: 23658348 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred sixty-eight strip loins were collected from heifers fed at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater, OK. In Exp. 1, heifers (n = 127) were assigned to 1 of 3 health management treatment groups: antimicrobial administrations were given based on standard feedlot protocol (SFP) or ruminal temperature (RT) or given a metaphylactic treatment of tulathromycin (MT) followed by visual assessment (VA). In Exp. 2, heifers (n = 155) were assigned to the same treatment groups as above and were supplemented zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) or control (CON). Three steaks were collected from each strip loin, 1 each for retail display, sensory evaluation, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). Color was evaluated from the retail display steak using a trained color panel and objectively using a HunterLab Miniscan XE. An Instron Universal Testing Machine with a Warner-Bratzler head was used for evaluation of instrumental tenderness, and a trained sensory panel was used to assess palatability traits. Heifers treated by VA had the least number of antimicrobial administrations and lowest yield grade and also had the lightest HCW (P < 0.05) compared with the heifers treated by the other health management protocols. There were no subjective color attribute differences or sensory panel differences (P > 0.05) across all health management systems or antimicrobial administrations. There were no differences in carcass and performance traits for any antimicrobial administrations treatment groups (P > 0.05). Heifers who had 0 or 1 antimicrobial administrations had lower (P < 0.05) a* (redness/greenness: positive values = red and negative values = green), and b* (yellowness/blueness: positive values = yellow and negative values = blue) values compared with those who had 2 antimicrobial administrations. In Exp. 2, heifers treated by VA had the least number (P < 0.05) of antimicrobial administrations when compared with MT and RT. Health management group did not have any other effects on carcass, sensory, or color attributes. Zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation caused a decrease (P < 0.05) in internal fat and yield grade, but no interactions were observed between the number of antimicrobial administrations and ZH supplementation. With the supplementation of ZH, WBSF significantly increased (P < 0.05). At the end of retail display, the control group had a greater (P < 0.05) surface discoloration when compared with the ZH group. Treatment and detection of bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) is critical to the industry economically and results from this study show that different methods can be used to detect BRD without dramatically impacting carcass, sensory, and retail case life characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Bloomberg
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Choueiri TK, Je Y, Sonpavde G, Richards CJ, Galsky MD, Nguyen PL, Schutz F, Heng DY, Kaymakcalan MD. Incidence and risk of treatment-related mortality in cancer patients treated with the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2092-7. [PMID: 23658373 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an established treatment for multiple malignancies. We carried out an up-to-date meta-analysis to determine the risk of fatal adverse events (FAEs) in cancer patients treated with mTOR inhibitors. PATIENTS AND METHODS PubMed, conferences and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched for articles reported from January 1966 to June 2012. Eligible studies were limited to approved mTOR inhibitors (everolimus and temsirolimus) and reported on patients with cancer, randomized design and adequate safety profiles. Data extraction was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. RESULTS In all, 3193 patients from eight randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) were included, 2236 from everolimus trials and 957 from temsirolimus trials. The relative risk (RR) of FAEs related to mTOR inhibitors use was 2.20 (95% CI, 1.25-3.90; P = 0.006) compared with control patients. On subgroup analysis, no difference in the rate of FAEs was found between everolimus and temsirolimus or between tumor types [renal cell carcinoma (RCC) versus non-RCC]. No evidence of publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION The use of mTOR inhibitors is associated with a small but higher risk of FAEs compared to control patients. In the appropriate clinical scenario, the use of these drugs remains justified in their approved indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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Choueiri TK, Je Y, Sonpavde G, Galsky MD, Kaymakcalan M, Nguyen PL, Schutz F, Heng DYC, Richards CJ. Incidence and risk of treatment-related mortality in patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) and non-RCC treated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
347 Background: Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an established therapeutic modality for multiple malignancies including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Agents that target mTOR have been sporadically associated with an increased risk of potentially life-threatening adverse events. We performed an up-to-date meta-analysis to determine the risk of fatal adverse events (FAEs) in cancer patients treated with mTOR inhibitors, including RCC. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, conferences and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched for articles reported from January 1966 to June 2012. Eligible studies were limited to trials of US Food and Drug Administration—approved mTOR inhibitors (everolimus and temsirolimus) that reported on patients with cancer, randomized design, and adequate safety profiles. Data extraction was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the summary incidence, relative risk (RR), and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) by using random-effects or fixed-effects models on the basis of the heterogeneity of included studies. Results: In all 2,990 patients from 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, 2033 from everolimus trials and 957 from temsirolimus trials. The incidence of FAEs related to mTOR inhibitors use was 3.4% (95% CI, 1.9-6.0) with a RR of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.32 to 4.10; P = .003) compared to control patients. On subgroup analysis, no difference in the rate of FAEs was found between everolimus and temsirolimus or between tumor types (RCC vs. non-RCC). No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusions: The use of mTOR inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of FAEs in RCC and non-RCC patients, compared with control patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youjin Je
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Matt D. Galsky
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Paul Linh Nguyen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Kaymakcalan M, Je Y, Sonpavde G, Galsky MD, Nguyen PL, Schutz F, Heng DYC, Richards CJ, Choueiri TK. Incidence and risk of infections in renal cell cancer (RCC) and non-RCC patients treated with everolimus and temsirolimus: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials. J Clin Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.31.6_suppl.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
353 Background: Everolimus and temsirolimus are mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors used in a variety of malignancies including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These targeted agents have been associated with a unique set of adverse events including infections. We performed an up-to-date meta-analysis of published clinical trials to further characterize the risk of infections in cancer patients treated with mTOR inhibitors. Methods: Pubmed and oncology conference proceedings were searched for studies from January 1966 to June 2012. Eligible studies were limited to phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of everolimus or temsirolimus that reported on patients with cancer of any tumor type including RCC and with adequate safety profiles. Summary incidence, RR, and 95% CIs were calculated using random- or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity of the included studies. Results: A total of 2,990 patients from 8 RCTs were included. The incidence of all-grade infections due to mTOR inhibitor treatment was 35.7% (95% CI, 28.8-43.3) and that of high-grade infections was 4.2% (95% CI, 2.1-8.4). The relative risk of all-grade infection due to mTOR inhibitors was 1.95 (95% CI, 1.67-2.29, p<.001) and that of high-grade infection was 1.91 (95% CI, 1.09-3.35, p=.024). Subgroup analysis found no difference in the incidence or risks of infections between everolimus and temsirolimus or between different tumor types (RCC vs. non RCC). Infections included respiratory tract (38.0%), urinary tract (17.1%), skin/soft tissue (3.6%), others (2.6%), and infection/not specified (38.7%). No evidence of publication bias was observed. Conclusions: Treatment with mTOR inhibitors, everolimus and temsirolimus, is associated with a significant increase in risk of infection in RCC and non-RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youjin Je
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Matt D. Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Paul Linh Nguyen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Toni K. Choueiri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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