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Lian P, Cai X, Wang C, Liu K, Yang X, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Ma Z, Cao X, Xu Y. Identification of metabolism-related subtypes and feature genes in Alzheimer's disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:628. [PMID: 37715200 PMCID: PMC10504766 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease (AD), its pathogenic mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. Evidence suggests an important role of metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD. Herein, we identified the metabolism-related AD subtypes and feature genes. METHODS The AD datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and the metabolism-relevant genes were downloaded from a previously published compilation. Consensus clustering was performed to identify the AD subclasses. The clinical characteristics, correlations with metabolic signatures, and immune infiltration of the AD subclasses were evaluated. Feature genes were screened using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and processed via Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Furthermore, three machine-learning algorithms were used to narrow down the selection of the feature genes. Finally, we identified the diagnostic value and expression of the feature genes using the AD dataset and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS Three AD subclasses were identified, namely Metabolism Correlated (MC) A (MCA), MCB, and MCC subclasses. MCA contained signatures associated with high AD progression and may represent a high-risk subclass compared with the other two subclasses. MCA exhibited a high expression of genes related to glycolysis, fructose, and galactose metabolism, whereas genes associated with the citrate cycle and pyruvate metabolism were downregulated and associated with high immune infiltration. Conversely, MCB was associated with citrate cycle genes and exhibited elevated expression of immune checkpoint genes. Using WGCNA, 101 metabolic genes were identified to exhibit the strongest association with poor AD progression. Finally, the application of machine-learning algorithms enabled us to successfully identify eight feature genes, which were employed to develop a nomogram model that could bring distinct clinical benefits for patients with AD. As indicated by the AD datasets and qRT-PCR analysis, these genes were intimately associated with AD progression. CONCLUSION Metabolic dysfunction is associated with AD. Hypothetical molecular subclasses of AD based on metabolic genes may provide new insights for developing individualized therapy for AD. The feature genes highly correlated with AD progression included GFAP, CYB5R3, DARS, KIAA0513, EZR, KCNC1, COLEC12, and TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaopiao Lian
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Cai
- Department of Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cailin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Hall R, Yuan S, Wood K, Katona M, Straub AC. Cytochrome b5 reductases: Redox regulators of cell homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102654. [PMID: 36441026 PMCID: PMC9706631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome-b5 reductase (CYB5R) family of flavoproteins is known to regulate reduction-oxidation (redox) balance in cells. The five enzyme members are highly compartmentalized at the subcellular level and function as "redox switches" enabling the reduction of several substrates, such as heme and coenzyme Q. Critical insight into the physiological and pathophysiological significance of CYB5R enzymes has been gleaned from several human genetic variants that cause congenital disease and a broad spectrum of chronic human diseases. Among the CYB5R genetic variants, CYB5R3 is well-characterized and deficiency in expression and activity is associated with type II methemoglobinemia, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Importantly, pharmacological and genetic-based strategies are underway to target CYB5R3 to circumvent disease onset and mitigate severity. Despite our knowledge of CYB5R3 in human health and disease, the other reductases in the CYB5R family have been understudied, providing an opportunity to unravel critical function(s) for these enzymes in physiology and disease. In this review, we aim to provide the broad scientific community an up-to-date overview of the molecular, cellular, physiological, and pathophysiological roles of CYB5R proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hall
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mate Katona
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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3
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Carew NT, Schmidt HM, Yuan S, Galley JC, Hall R, Altmann HM, Hahn SA, Miller MP, Wood KC, Gabris B, Stapleton MC, Hartwick S, Fazzari M, Wu YL, Trebak M, Kaufman BA, McTiernan CF, Schopfer FJ, Navas P, Thibodeau PH, McNamara DM, Salama G, Straub AC. Loss of cardiomyocyte CYB5R3 impairs redox equilibrium and causes sudden cardiac death. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e147120. [PMID: 36106636 PMCID: PMC9479700 DOI: 10.1172/jci147120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with heart failure (HF) is allied with an imbalance in reduction and oxidation (redox) signaling in cardiomyocytes; however, the basic pathways and mechanisms governing redox homeostasis in cardiomyocytes are not fully understood. Here, we show that cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3), an enzyme known to regulate redox signaling in erythrocytes and vascular cells, is essential for cardiomyocyte function. Using a conditional cardiomyocyte-specific CYB5R3-knockout mouse, we discovered that deletion of CYB5R3 in male, but not female, adult cardiomyocytes causes cardiac hypertrophy, bradycardia, and SCD. The increase in SCD in CYB5R3-KO mice is associated with calcium mishandling, ventricular fibrillation, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Molecular studies reveal that CYB5R3-KO hearts display decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP), increased oxidative stress, suppressed coenzyme Q levels, and hemoprotein dysregulation. Finally, from a translational perspective, we reveal that the high-frequency missense genetic variant rs1800457, which translates into a CYB5R3 T117S partial loss-of-function protein, associates with decreased event-free survival (~20%) in Black persons with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Together, these studies reveal a crucial role for CYB5R3 in cardiomyocyte redox biology and identify a genetic biomarker for persons of African ancestry that may potentially increase the risk of death from HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan T. Carew
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Heidi M. Schmidt
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
| | - Joseph C. Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Robert Hall
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | | | | | | | - Katherine C. Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Bethann Gabris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margaret C. Stapleton
- Department of Developmental Biology and Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sean Hartwick
- Department of Developmental Biology and Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yijen L. Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology and Rangos Research Center Animal Imaging Core, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Brett A. Kaufman
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles F. McTiernan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | - Placido Navas
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Dennis M. McNamara
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guy Salama
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
- Center for Microvascular Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Keller TCS, Lechauve C, Keller AS, Brooks S, Weiss MJ, Columbus L, Ackerman H, Cortese-Krott MM, Isakson BE. The role of globins in cardiovascular physiology. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:859-892. [PMID: 34486392 PMCID: PMC8799389 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Globin proteins exist in every cell type of the vasculature, from erythrocytes to endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and peripheral nerve cells. Many globin subtypes are also expressed in muscle tissues (including cardiac and skeletal muscle), in other organ-specific cell types, and in cells of the central nervous system (CNS). The ability of each of these globins to interact with molecular oxygen (O2) and nitric oxide (NO) is preserved across these contexts. Endothelial α-globin is an example of extraerythrocytic globin expression. Other globins, including myoglobin, cytoglobin, and neuroglobin, are observed in other vascular tissues. Myoglobin is observed primarily in skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells surrounding the aorta or other large arteries. Cytoglobin is found in vascular smooth muscle but can also be expressed in nonvascular cell types, especially in oxidative stress conditions after ischemic insult. Neuroglobin was first observed in neuronal cells, and its expression appears to be restricted mainly to the CNS and the peripheral nervous system. Brain and CNS neurons expressing neuroglobin are positioned close to many arteries within the brain parenchyma and can control smooth muscle contraction and thus tissue perfusion and vascular reactivity. Overall, reactions between NO and globin heme iron contribute to vascular homeostasis by regulating vasodilatory NO signals and scavenging reactive species in cells of the mammalian vascular system. Here, we discuss how globin proteins affect vascular physiology, with a focus on NO biology, and offer perspectives for future study of these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Stevenson Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Christophe Lechauve
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alexander S Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Steven Brooks
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Hans Ackerman
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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5
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Gardner PR. Ordered Motions in the Nitric-Oxide Dioxygenase Mechanism of Flavohemoglobin and Assorted Globins with Tightly Coupled Reductases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1414:45-96. [PMID: 36520413 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric-oxide dioxygenases (NODs) activate and combine O2 with NO to form nitrate. A variety of oxygen-binding hemoglobins with associated partner reductases or electron donors function as enzymatic NODs. Kinetic and structural investigations of the archetypal two-domain microbial flavohemoglobin-NOD have illuminated an allosteric mechanism that employs selective tunnels for O2 and NO, gates for NO and nitrate, transient O2 association with ferric heme, and an O2 and NO-triggered, ferric heme spin crossover-driven, motion-controlled, and dipole-regulated electron-transfer switch. The proposed mechanism facilitates radical-radical coupling of ferric-superoxide with NO to form nitrate while preventing suicidal ferrous-NO formation. Diverse globins display the structural and functional motifs necessary for a similar allosteric NOD mechanism. In silico docking simulations reveal monomeric erythrocyte hemoglobin alpha-chain and beta-chain intrinsically matched and tightly coupled with NADH-cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase and NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, respectively, forming membrane-bound flavohemoglobin-like mammalian NODs. The neuroprotective neuroglobin manifests a potential NOD role in a close-fitting ternary complex with membrane-bound NADH-cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase and cytochrome b5. Cytoglobin interfaces weakly with cytochrome b5 for O2 and NO-regulated electron-transfer and coupled NOD activity. The mechanistic model also provides insight into the evolution of O2 binding cooperativity in hemoglobin and a basis for the discovery of allosteric NOD inhibitors.
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6
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Kumar G, Saini M, Kundu S. Therapeutic enzymes as non-conventional targets in cardiovascular impairments:A Comprehensive Review. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:197-209. [PMID: 34932415 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, substantial progress has been made towards the understanding of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In-depth mechanistic insights have also provided opportunities to explore novel therapeutic targets and treatment regimens to be discovered. Therapeutic enzymes are an example of such opportunities. The balanced functioning of such enzymes protects against a variety of CVDs while on the other hand, even a small shift in the normal functioning of these enzymes may lead to deleterious outcomes. Owing to the great versatility of these enzymes, inhibition and activation are key regulatory approaches to counter the onset and progression of several cardiovascular impairments. While cardiovascular remedies are already available in excess and of course they are efficacious, a comprehensive description of novel therapeutic enzymes to combat CVDs is the need of the hour. In light of this, the regulation of the functional activity of these enzymes also opens a new avenue for the treatment approaches to be employed. This review describes the importance of non-conventional enzymes as potential candidates in several cardiovascular disorders while highlighting some of the recently targeted therapeutic enzymes in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- University of Delhi - South Campus, 93081, Biochemistry, New Delhi, Delhi, India;
| | - Manisha Saini
- University of Delhi - South Campus, 93081, Biochemistry, New Delhi, Delhi, India;
| | - Suman Kundu
- University of Delhi - South Campus, 93081, Biochemistry, New Delhi, Delhi, India;
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7
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Gabisonia K, Burjanadze G, Woitek F, Keles A, Seki M, Gorgodze N, Carlucci L, Ilchenko S, Kurishima C, Walsh K, Piontkivska H, Recchia FA, Kasumov T. Proteome dynasmics and bioinformatics reveal major alterations in the turnover rate of functionally related cardiac and plasma proteins in a dog model of congestive heart failure. J Card Fail 2021; 28:588-600. [PMID: 34785403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein pool turnover is a critically important cellular homeostatic component, yet it has been little explored in the context of heart failure (HF) pathophysiology. We employed in vivo 2H labeling/ proteome dynamics for non-biased discovery of turnover alterations involving functionally linked cardiac and plasma proteins in canine tachypacing-induced HF, an established preclinical model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Compared to control, dogs with congestive HF displayed bidirectional turnover changes of 28 cardiac proteins, i.e. reduced half-life of several key enzymes involved in glycolysis, homocysteine metabolism and glycogenesis, and increased half-life of proteins involved in proteolysis. Changes in plasma proteins were more modest: only 5 proteins, involved in various functions including proteolysis inhibition, hemoglobin, calcium and ferric-iron binding, displayed increased or decreased turnover rates. In other dogs undergoing cardiac tachypacing, we infused for 2 weeks the myokine Follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1), known for its ameliorative effects on HF-induced alterations. Proteome dynamics proved very sensitive in detecting the partial or complete prevention, by FSTL1, of cardiac and plasma protein turnover alterations. In conclusion, our study unveiled, for the first time in a large mammal, numerous HF-related alterations that may serve as the basis for future mechanistic research and/or as conceptually new molecular markers.
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Key Words
- ATIC, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase /IMP cyclohydrolase
- BNP, brain natriuretic peptide
- CLTC, Clathrin heavy chain
- CRP, Pentraxin
- CYB5R3, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase
- DPYSL2, Dihydropyrimidinase Like 2
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FSTL1, Follistatin-like protein 1
- GAPDHS, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GYS1, Glycogen synthase
- HF, Heart failure
- HSP90, Heat shock protein 90
- HSP90AB1, Heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1
- HSPA1A, Heat Shock Protein A1
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LFQ, Label-free quantification
- LOC479668, Haptoglobin
- LTAH4, Leukotriene A (4) hydrolase
- LV, Left ventricle
- PCA, Principal Component Analysis
- PDHA1, Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha
- PDHB, Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta
- PGM, Phosphoglucomutase 1
- PSMD2, Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 2
- STIP1, Stress induced phosphoprotein
- TF, Transferrin
- proteome dynamics, bioinformatics, cardiac disease, heart failure, List of abbreviations: ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatia Gabisonia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gia Burjanadze
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Felix Woitek
- Heart Center Dresden-University Clinic, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ayse Keles
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Mitsuru Seki
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nikoloz Gorgodze
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Carlucci
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serguei Ilchenko
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Clara Kurishima
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Helen Piontkivska
- Department of Biological Sciences and Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa; Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi A, Galley JC, Yuan S, Schmidt HM, Wood KC, Straub AC. Redox Switches Controlling Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Resistance Vasculature and Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation: Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2020. Hypertension 2021; 78:912-926. [PMID: 34420371 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The arterial resistance vasculature modulates blood pressure and flow to match oxygen delivery to tissue metabolic demand. As such, resistance arteries and arterioles have evolved a series of highly orchestrated cell-cell communication mechanisms between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells to regulate vascular tone. In response to neurohormonal agonists, release of several intracellular molecules, including nitric oxide, evokes changes in vascular tone. We and others have uncovered novel redox switches in the walls of resistance arteries that govern nitric oxide compartmentalization and diffusion. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of redox switches controlling nitric oxide signaling in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, focusing on new mechanistic insights, physiological and pathophysiological implications, and advances in therapeutic strategies for hypertension and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph C Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Heidi M Schmidt
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for Microvascular Research (A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
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9
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Santos-Beneit F, Raškevičius V, Skeberdis VA, Bordel S. A metabolic modeling approach reveals promising therapeutic targets and antiviral drugs to combat COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11982. [PMID: 34099831 PMCID: PMC8184994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we have developed a method based on Flux Balance Analysis to identify human metabolic enzymes which can be targeted for therapeutic intervention against COVID-19. A literature search was carried out in order to identify suitable inhibitors of these enzymes, which were confirmed by docking calculations. In total, 10 targets and 12 bioactive molecules have been predicted. Among the most promising molecules we identified Triacsin C, which inhibits ACSL3, and which has been shown to be very effective against different viruses, including positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Similarly, we also identified the drug Celgosivir, which has been successfully tested in cells infected with different types of viruses such as Dengue, Zika, Hepatitis C and Influenza. Finally, other drugs targeting enzymes of lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism or protein palmitoylation (such as Propylthiouracil, 2-Bromopalmitate, Lipofermata, Tunicamycin, Benzyl Isothiocyanate, Tipifarnib and Lonafarnib) are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vytautas Raškevičius
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytenis A Skeberdis
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sergio Bordel
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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10
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Terracciano R, Preianò M, Fregola A, Pelaia C, Montalcini T, Savino R. Mapping the SARS-CoV-2-Host Protein-Protein Interactome by Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry and Proximity-Dependent Biotin Labeling: A Rational and Straightforward Route to Discover Host-Directed Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E532. [PMID: 33430309 PMCID: PMC7825748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are the vital engine of cellular machinery. After virus entry in host cells the global organization of the viral life cycle is strongly regulated by the formation of virus-host protein interactions. With the advent of high-throughput -omics platforms, the mirage to obtain a "high resolution" view of virus-host interactions has come true. In fact, the rapidly expanding approaches of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics in the study of PPIs provide efficient tools to identify a significant number of potential drug targets. Generation of PPIs maps by affinity purification-MS and by the more recent proximity labeling-MS may help to uncover cellular processes hijacked and/or altered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), providing promising therapeutic targets. The possibility to further validate putative key targets from high-confidence interactions between viral bait and host protein through follow-up MS-based multi-omics experiments offers an unprecedented opportunity in the drug discovery pipeline. In particular, drug repurposing, making use of already existing approved drugs directly targeting these identified and validated host interactors, might shorten the time and reduce the costs in comparison to the traditional drug discovery process. This route might be promising for finding effective antiviral therapeutic options providing a turning point in the fight against the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Terracciano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Mariaimmacolata Preianò
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Annalisa Fregola
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Rocco Savino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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11
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Kumar G, Dey SK, Kundu S. Functional implications of vascular endothelium in regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis to control blood pressure and cardiac functions. Life Sci 2020; 259:118377. [PMID: 32898526 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is the innermost vascular lining performing significant roles all over the human body while maintaining the blood pressure at physiological levels. Malfunction of endothelium is thus recognized as a biomarker linked with many vascular diseases including but not limited to atherosclerosis, hypertension and thrombosis. Alternatively, prevention of endothelial malfunctioning or regulating the functions of its associated physiological partners like endothelial nitric oxide synthase can prevent the associated vascular disorders which account for the highest death toll worldwide. While many anti-hypertensive drugs are available commercially, a comprehensive description of the key physiological roles of the endothelium and its regulation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase or vice versa is the need of the hour to understand its contribution in vascular homeostasis. This, in turn, will help in designing new therapeutics targeting endothelial nitric oxide synthase or its interacting partners present in the cellular pool. This review describes the central role of vascular endothelium in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase while outlining the emerging drug targets present in the vasculature with potential to treat vascular disorders including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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12
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Zecha J, Lee CY, Bayer FP, Meng C, Grass V, Zerweck J, Schnatbaum K, Michler T, Pichlmair A, Ludwig C, Kuster B. Data, Reagents, Assays and Merits of Proteomics for SARS-CoV-2 Research and Testing. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1503-1522. [PMID: 32591346 PMCID: PMC7780043 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, thousands of scientists around the globe have changed research direction to understand better how the virus works and to find out how it may be tackled. The number of manuscripts on preprint servers is soaring and peer-reviewed publications using MS-based proteomics are beginning to emerge. To facilitate proteomic research on SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, this report presents deep-scale proteomes (10,000 proteins; >130,000 peptides) of common cell line models, notably Vero E6, Calu-3, Caco-2, and ACE2-A549 that characterize their protein expression profiles including viral entry factors such as ACE2 or TMPRSS2. Using the 9 kDa protein SRP9 and the breast cancer oncogene BRCA1 as examples, we show how the proteome expression data can be used to refine the annotation of protein-coding regions of the African green monkey and the Vero cell line genomes. Monitoring changes of the proteome on viral infection revealed widespread expression changes including transcriptional regulators, protease inhibitors, and proteins involved in innate immunity. Based on a library of 98 stable-isotope labeled synthetic peptides representing 11 SARS-CoV-2 proteins, we developed PRM (parallel reaction monitoring) assays for nano-flow and micro-flow LC-MS/MS. We assessed the merits of these PRM assays using supernatants of virus-infected Vero E6 cells and challenged the assays by analyzing two diagnostic cohorts of 24 (+30) SARS-CoV-2 positive and 28 (+9) negative cases. In light of the results obtained and including recent publications or manuscripts on preprint servers, we critically discuss the merits of MS-based proteomics for SARS-CoV-2 research and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zecha
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chien-Yun Lee
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Florian P Bayer
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Vincent Grass
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Michler
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Pichlmair
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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13
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Durgin BG, Hahn SA, Schmidt HM, Miller MP, Hafeez N, Mathar I, Freitag D, Sandner P, Straub AC. Loss of smooth muscle CYB5R3 amplifies angiotensin II-induced hypertension by increasing sGC heme oxidation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129183. [PMID: 31487266 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide regulates BP by binding the reduced heme iron (Fe2+) in soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and relaxing vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We previously showed that sGC heme iron reduction (Fe3+ → Fe2+) is modulated by cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3). However, the in vivo role of SMC CYB5R3 in BP regulation remains elusive. Here, we generated conditional smooth muscle cell-specific Cyb5r3 KO mice (SMC CYB5R3-KO) to test if SMC CYB5R3 loss affects systemic BP in normotension and hypertension via regulation of the sGC redox state. SMC CYB5R3-KO mice exhibited a 5.84-mmHg increase in BP and impaired acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in mesenteric arteries compared with controls. To drive sGC oxidation and elevate BP, we infused mice with angiotensin II. We found that SMC CYB5R3-KO mice exhibited a 14.75-mmHg BP increase, and mesenteric arteries had diminished nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation but increased responsiveness to sGC heme-independent activator BAY 58-2667 over controls. Furthermore, acute injection of BAY 58-2667 in angiotensin II-treated SMC CYB5R3-KO mice showed greater BP reduction compared with controls. Together, these data provide the first in vivo evidence to our knowledge that SMC CYB5R3 is an sGC heme reductase in resistance arteries and provides resilience against systemic hypertension development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A Hahn
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, and
| | - Heidi M Schmidt
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, and.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Neha Hafeez
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, and
| | | | | | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, and.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Galley JC, Durgin BG, Miller MP, Hahn SA, Yuan S, Wood KC, Straub AC. Antagonism of Forkhead Box Subclass O Transcription Factors Elicits Loss of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Expression. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:629-637. [PMID: 30988014 PMCID: PMC6527398 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.115386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activity, leading to elevated intracellular cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and subsequent vascular smooth muscle relaxation. It is known that downregulation of sGC expression attenuates vascular dilation and contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. However, it is not well understood how sGC transcription is regulated. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of Forkhead box subclass O (FoxO) transcription factors using the small-molecule inhibitor AS1842856 significantly blunts sGC α and β mRNA expression by more than 90%. These effects are concentration-dependent and concomitant with greater than 90% reduced expression of the known FoxO transcriptional targets, glucose-6-phosphatase and growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45 α (Gadd45α). Similarly, sGC α and sGC β protein expression showed a concentration-dependent downregulation. Consistent with the loss of sGC α and β mRNA and protein expression, pretreatment of vascular smooth muscle cells with the FoxO inhibitor decreased sGC activity measured by cGMP production following stimulation with an NO donor. To determine if FoxO inhibition resulted in a functional impairment in vascular relaxation, we cultured mouse thoracic aortas with the FoxO inhibitor and conducted ex vivo two-pin myography studies. Results showed that aortas have significantly blunted sodium nitroprusside-induced (NO-dependent) vasorelaxation and a 42% decrease in sGC expression after 48-hour FoxO inhibitor treatment. Taken together, these data are the first to identify that FoxO transcription factor activity is necessary for sGC expression and NO-dependent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., B.G.D., M.P.M., S.A.H., S.Y., K.C.W., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brittany G Durgin
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., B.G.D., M.P.M., S.A.H., S.Y., K.C.W., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Megan P Miller
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., B.G.D., M.P.M., S.A.H., S.Y., K.C.W., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott A Hahn
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., B.G.D., M.P.M., S.A.H., S.Y., K.C.W., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., B.G.D., M.P.M., S.A.H., S.Y., K.C.W., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., B.G.D., M.P.M., S.A.H., S.Y., K.C.W., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., B.G.D., M.P.M., S.A.H., S.Y., K.C.W., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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15
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Recessive Hereditary Methaemoglobinaemia Type II. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100341. [PMID: 30309019 PMCID: PMC6210646 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) is a membrane-bound NADH-dependent redox enzyme anchored to the mitochondrial outer membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membrane. Recessive hereditary methaemoglobinaemia (RHM) type II is caused by CYB5R3 deficiency and is an incurable disease characterized by severe encephalopathy with mental retardation, microcephaly, generalized dystonia, and movement disorders. Currently, the etiology of type II RHM is poorly understood and there is no treatment for encephalopathy associated with this disease. Defective CYB5R3 leads to defects in the elongation and desaturation of fatty acids and cholesterol biosynthesis, which are conventionally linked with neurological disorders of type II RHM. Nevertheless, this abnormal lipid metabolism cannot explain all manifestations observed in patients. Current molecular and cellular studies indicate that CYB5R3 deficiency has pleiotropic tissue effects. Its localization in lipid rafts of neurons indicates its role in interneuronal contacts and its presence in caveolae of the vascular endothelial membrane suggests a role in the modulation of nitric oxide diffusion. Its role in aerobic metabolism and oxidative stress in fibroblasts, neurons, and cardiomyocytes has been reported to be due to its ability to modulate the intracellular ratio of NAD⁺/NADH. Based on the new molecular and cellular functions discovered for CYB5R3 linked to the plasma membrane and mitochondria, the conventional conception that the cause of type II RHM is a lipid metabolism disorder should be revised. We hypothesized that neurological symptoms of the disease could be caused by disorders in the synapse, aerobic metabolism, and/or vascular homeostasis rather than in disturbances of lipid metabolism.
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16
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Straub AC, Gladwin MT. Escorting α-globin to eNOS: α-globin-stabilizing protein paves the way. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4755-4757. [PMID: 30295642 DOI: 10.1172/jci124302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the vascular wall, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces NO to regulate peripheral vascular resistance, tissue perfusion, and blood pressure. In resistance arteries, eNOS couples with α-globin and, through chemical reactions, modulates NO diffusion needed for vascular smooth muscle relaxation. While α-globin protein alone is known to be unstable, the mechanisms that enable α-globin protein expression remain elusive. Here, Lechauve et al. report that arterial endothelium expresses α hemoglobin-stabilizing protein, which acts as a critical chaperone protein for α-globin expression and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Straub
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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17
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Diaz‐Ruiz A, Lanasa M, Garcia J, Mora H, Fan F, Martin‐Montalvo A, Di Francesco A, Calvo‐Rubio M, Salvador‐Pascual A, Aon MA, Fishbein KW, Pearson KJ, Villalba JM, Navas P, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Overexpression of CYB5R3 and NQO1, two NAD + -producing enzymes, mimics aspects of caloric restriction. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12767. [PMID: 29706024 PMCID: PMC6052403 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most robust means to improve health and survival in model organisms. CR imposes a metabolic program that leads to increased stress resistance and delayed onset of chronic diseases, including cancer. In rodents, CR induces the upregulation of two NADH-dehydrogenases, namely NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) and cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (Cyb5r3), which provide electrons for energy metabolism. It has been proposed that this upregulation may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects of CR, and defects in their activity are linked to aging and several age-associated diseases. However, it is unclear whether changes in metabolic homeostasis solely through upregulation of these NADH-dehydrogenases have a positive impact on health and survival. We generated a mouse that overexpresses both metabolic enzymes leading to phenotypes that resemble aspects of CR including a modest increase in lifespan, greater physical performance, a decrease in chronic inflammation, and, importantly, protection against carcinogenesis, one of the main hallmarks of CR. Furthermore, these animals showed an enhancement of metabolic flexibility and a significant upregulation of the NAD+ /sirtuin pathway. The results highlight the importance of these NAD+ producers for the promotion of health and extended lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Diaz‐Ruiz
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and AgingInstitute IMDEA FoodMadridSpain
| | - Michael Lanasa
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Joseph Garcia
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Hector Mora
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Frances Fan
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Alejandro Martin‐Montalvo
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Andrea Di Francesco
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Miguel Calvo‐Rubio
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and ImmunologyAgrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Andrea Salvador‐Pascual
- Department of PhysiologyFundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Miguel A. Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical InvestigationNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kevin J. Pearson
- Graduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Jose Manuel Villalba
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and ImmunologyAgrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, and CIBERERInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIUniversidad Pablo de Olavide‐CSICSevillaSpain
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and AgingInstitute IMDEA FoodMadridSpain
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18
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Alvarez RA, Miller MP, Hahn SA, Galley JC, Bauer E, Bachman T, Hu J, Sembrat J, Goncharov D, Mora AL, Rojas M, Goncharova E, Straub AC. Targeting Pulmonary Endothelial Hemoglobin α Improves Nitric Oxide Signaling and Reverses Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:733-744. [PMID: 28800253 PMCID: PMC5765416 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0418oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by pulmonary endothelial dysfunction. Previous work showed that systemic artery endothelial cells (ECs) express hemoglobin (Hb) α to control nitric oxide (NO) diffusion, but the role of this system in pulmonary circulation has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that up-regulation of Hb α in pulmonary ECs contributes to NO depletion and pulmonary vascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Primary distal pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells, lung tissue sections from unused donor (control) and idiopathic pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension lungs, and rat and mouse models of SU5416/hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) were used. Immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical, and immunoblot analyses and transfection, infection, DNA synthesis, apoptosis, migration, cell count, and protein activity assays were performed in this study. Cocultures of human pulmonary microvascular ECs and distal pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells, lung tissue from control and pulmonary hypertensive lungs, and a mouse model of chronic hypoxia-induced PH were used. Immunohistochemical, immunoblot analyses, spectrophotometry, and blood vessel myography experiments were performed in this study. We find increased expression of Hb α in pulmonary endothelium from humans and mice with PH compared with controls. In addition, we show up-regulation of Hb α in human pulmonary ECs cocultured with PA smooth muscle cells in hypoxia. We treated pulmonary ECs with a Hb α mimetic peptide that disrupts the association of Hb α with endothelial NO synthase, and found that cells treated with the peptide exhibited increased NO signaling compared with a scrambled peptide. Myography experiments using pulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice show that the Hb α mimetic peptide enhanced vasodilation in response to acetylcholine. Our findings reveal that endothelial Hb α functions as an endogenous scavenger of NO in the pulmonary endothelium. Targeting this pathway may offer a novel therapeutic target to increase endogenous levels of NO in PH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomimetic Materials/pharmacology
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Hemoglobin A/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Alvarez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | | | | | - Joseph C. Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
| | | | - Timothy Bachman
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Hu
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Sembrat
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dmitry Goncharov
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ana L. Mora
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elena Goncharova
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Galley
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam C Straub
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.
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20
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Sangwung P, Zhou G, Lu Y, Liao X, Wang B, Mutchler SM, Miller M, Chance MR, Straub AC, Jain MK. Regulation of endothelial hemoglobin alpha expression by Kruppel-like factors. Vasc Med 2017; 22:363-369. [PMID: 28825355 PMCID: PMC5898218 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x17722211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin subunit alpha (HBA) expression in endothelial cells (ECs) has recently been shown to control vascular tone and function. We sought to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of HBA expression in the EC. Gain of KLF2 or KLF4 function studies led to significant induction of HBA in ECs. An opposite effect was observed in ECs isolated from animals with endothelial-specific ablation of Klf2, Klf4 or both. Promoter reporter assays demonstrated that KLF2/KLF4 transactivated the hemoglobin alpha promoter, an effect that was abrogated following mutation of all four putative KLF-binding sites. Fine promoter mutational studies localized three out of four KLF-binding sites (sites 2, 3, and 4) as critical for the transactivation of the HBA promoter by KLF2/KLF4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies showed that KLF4 bound to the HBA promoter in ECs. Thus, KLF2 and KLF4 serve as important regulators that promote HBA expression in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjamaporn Sangwung
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guangjin Zhou
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xudong Liao
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benlian Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie M Mutchler
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Megan Miller
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark R Chance
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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21
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Rahaman MM, Nguyen AT, Miller MP, Hahn SA, Sparacino-Watkins C, Jobbagy S, Carew NT, Cantu-Medellin N, Wood KC, Baty CJ, Schopfer FJ, Kelley EE, Gladwin MT, Martin E, Straub AC. Cytochrome b5 Reductase 3 Modulates Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Redox State and cGMP Signaling. Circ Res 2017; 121:137-148. [PMID: 28584062 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) heme iron, in its oxidized state (Fe3+), is desensitized to NO and limits cGMP production needed for downstream activation of protein kinase G-dependent signaling and blood vessel dilation. OBJECTIVE Although reactive oxygen species are known to oxidize the sGC heme iron, the basic mechanism(s) governing sGC heme iron recycling to its NO-sensitive, reduced state remain poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Oxidant challenge studies show that vascular smooth muscle cells have an intrinsic ability to reduce oxidized sGC heme iron and form protein-protein complexes between cytochrome b5 reductase 3, also known as methemoglobin reductase, and oxidized sGC. Genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition in vascular smooth muscle cells reveal that cytochrome b5 reductase 3 expression and activity is critical for NO-stimulated cGMP production and vasodilation. Mechanistically, we show that cytochrome b5 reductase 3 directly reduces oxidized sGC required for NO sensitization as assessed by biochemical, cellular, and ex vivo assays. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings identify new insights into NO-sGC-cGMP signaling and reveal cytochrome b5 reductase 3 as the first identified physiological sGC heme iron reductase in vascular smooth muscle cells, serving as a critical regulator of cGMP production and protein kinase G-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizanur M Rahaman
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Megan P Miller
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Scott A Hahn
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Courtney Sparacino-Watkins
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Soma Jobbagy
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Nolan T Carew
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Nadiezhda Cantu-Medellin
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Katherine C Wood
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Catherine J Baty
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Eric E Kelley
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Emil Martin
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.)
| | - Adam C Straub
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (M.M.R., A.T.N., M.P.M., S.A.H., C.S.-W., N.T.C., N.C.-M., K.C.W., M.T.G., A.C.S.), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (C.S.-W., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.J., C.J.B., F.J.S., A.C.S.), and Division of Renal-Electrolyte (C.J.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown (E.E.K.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Houston Medical School (E.M.).
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22
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Ghimire K, Altmann HM, Straub AC, Isenberg JS. Nitric oxide: what's new to NO? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 312:C254-C262. [PMID: 27974299 PMCID: PMC5401944 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00315.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the critical components of the vasculature, regulating key signaling pathways in health. In macrovessels, NO functions to suppress cell inflammation as well as adhesion. In this way, it inhibits thrombosis and promotes blood flow. It also functions to limit vessel constriction and vessel wall remodeling. In microvessels and particularly capillaries, NO, along with growth factors, is important in promoting new vessel formation, a process termed angiogenesis. With age and cardiovascular disease, animal and human studies confirm that NO is dysregulated at multiple levels including decreased production, decreased tissue half-life, and decreased potency. NO has also been implicated in diseases that are related to neurotransmission and cancer although it is likely that these processes involve NO at higher concentrations and from nonvascular cell sources. Conversely, NO and drugs that directly or indirectly increase NO signaling have found clinical applications in both age-related diseases and in younger individuals. This focused review considers recently reported advances being made in the field of NO signaling regulation at several levels including enzymatic production, receptor function, interacting partners, localization of signaling, matrix-cellular and cell-to-cell cross talk, as well as the possible impact these newly described mechanisms have on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Ghimire
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Helene M Altmann
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Jeffrey S Isenberg
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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23
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Patent highlights: February-March 2016. Pharm Pat Anal 2016; 5:203-9. [PMID: 27336587 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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24
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Rahaman MM, Reinders FG, Koes D, Nguyen AT, Mutchler SM, Sparacino-Watkins C, Alvarez RA, Miller MP, Cheng D, Chen BB, Jackson EK, Camacho CJ, Straub AC. Structure Guided Chemical Modifications of Propylthiouracil Reveal Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Cytochrome b5 Reductase 3 That Increase Nitric Oxide Bioavailability. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:16861-72. [PMID: 26001785 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NADH cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) is critical for reductive reactions such as fatty acid elongation, cholesterol biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and methemoglobin reduction. Although the physiological and metabolic importance of CYB5R3 has been established in hepatocytes and erythrocytes, emerging investigations suggest that CYB5R3 is critical for nitric oxide signaling and vascular function. However, advancement toward fully understanding CYB5R3 function has been limited due to a lack of potent small molecule inhibitors. Because of this restriction, we modeled the binding mode of propylthiouracil, a weak inhibitor of CYB5R3 (IC50 = ∼275 μM), and used it as a guide to predict thiouracil-biased inhibitors from the set of commercially available compounds in the ZINC database. Using this approach, we validated two new potent derivatives of propylthiouracil, ZINC05626394 (IC50 = 10.81 μM) and ZINC39395747 (IC50 = 9.14 μM), both of which inhibit CYB5R3 activity in cultured cells. Moreover, we found that ZINC39395747 significantly increased NO bioavailability in renal vascular cells, augmented renal blood flow, and decreased systemic blood pressure in response to vasoconstrictors in spontaneously hypertensive rats. These compounds will serve as a new tool to examine the biological functions of CYB5R3 in physiology and disease and also as a platform for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Koes
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
| | - Stephanie M Mutchler
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | | | - Roger A Alvarez
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Megan P Miller
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
| | - Bill B Chen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | | | | | - Adam C Straub
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and
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