1
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Tatomir A, Vlaicu S, Nguyen V, Luzina IG, Atamas SP, Drachenberg C, Papadimitriou J, Badea TC, Rus HG, Rus V. RGC-32 mediates proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways in immune-mediated kidney disease. Clin Immunol 2024; 265:110279. [PMID: 38878807 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that results in immune-mediated damage to kidneys and other organs. We investigated the role of response gene to complement-32 (RGC-32), a proinflammatory and profibrotic mediator induced by TGFβ and C5b-9, in nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN), an experimental model that mimics human lupus nephritis. Proteinuria, loss of renal function and kidney histopathology were attenuated in RGC-32 KO NTN mice. RGC-32 KO NTN mice displayed downregulation of the CCL20/CCR6 and CXCL9/CXCR3 ligand/receptor pairs resulting in decreased renal recruitment of IL-17+ and IFNγ+ cells and subsequent decrease in the influx of innate immune cells. RGC-32 deficiency attenuated renal fibrosis as demonstrated by decreased deposition of collagen I, III and fibronectin. Thus, RGC-32 is a unique mediator shared by the Th17 and Th1 dependent proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways and a potential novel therapeutic target in the treatment of immune complex mediated glomerulonephritis such as lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Tatomir
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Health Care Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Vlaicu
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic nr. 1, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina G Luzina
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sergei P Atamas
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Tudor C Badea
- Research and Development Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Horea G Rus
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neurology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Health Care Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Violeta Rus
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Diclofenac Disrupts the Circadian Clock and through Complex Cross-Talks Aggravates Immune-Mediated Liver Injury-A Repeated Dose Study in Minipigs for 28 Days. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021445. [PMID: 36674967 PMCID: PMC9863319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac effectively reduces pain and inflammation; however, its use is associated with hepato- and nephrotoxicity. To delineate mechanisms of injury, we investigated a clinically relevant (3 mg/kg) and high-dose (15 mg/kg) in minipigs for 4 weeks. Initially, serum biochemistries and blood-smears indicated an inflammatory response but returned to normal after 4 weeks of treatment. Notwithstanding, histopathology revealed drug-induced hepatitis, marked glycogen depletion, necrosis and steatosis. Strikingly, the genomic study revealed diclofenac to desynchronize the liver clock with manifest inductions of its components CLOCK, NPAS2 and BMAL1. The > 4-fold induced CRY1 expression underscored an activated core-loop, and the dose dependent > 60% reduction in PER2mRNA repressed the negative feedback loop; however, it exacerbated hepatotoxicity. Bioinformatics enabled the construction of gene-regulatory networks, and we linked the disruption of the liver-clock to impaired glycogenesis, lipid metabolism and the control of immune responses, as shown by the 3-, 6- and 8-fold induced expression of pro-inflammatory CXCL2, lysozyme and ß-defensin. Additionally, diclofenac treatment caused adrenocortical hypertrophy and thymic atrophy, and we evidenced induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity by immunohistochemistry. Given that REV-ERB connects the circadian clock with hepatic GR, its > 80% repression alleviated immune responses as manifested by repressed expressions of CXCL9(90%), CCL8(60%) and RSAD2(70%). Together, we propose a circuitry, whereby diclofenac desynchronizes the liver clock in the control of the hepatic metabolism and immune response.
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Liu Z, Qin T, Yuan X, Yang J, Shi W, Zhang X, Jia Y, Liu S, Wang J, Li K. Anlotinib Downregulates RGC32 Which Provoked by Bevacizumab. Front Oncol 2022; 12:875888. [PMID: 35664796 PMCID: PMC9158131 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.875888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bevacizumab is the representative drug in antiangiogenic therapy for lung cancer. However, it induced resistance in some neoplasm. Anlotinib, a novel multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has an inhibitory action on both angiogenesis and malignancy, is possible to reverse the resistance. Methods Transwell migration and invasion experiments of bevacizumab with or without anlotinib were conducted to verify the activated/inhibited ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells. We sequenced A549 cells with enhanced migration and invasion abilities after bevacizumab treatment, screened out the differentially expressed gene and further confirmed by western blot and q-PCR assays. We also investigated immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue in mice and human lung adenocarcinoma. Results Bevacizumab facilitated migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Differentially expressed gene RGC32 was screened out. Bevacizumab upregulated the expression of RGC32, N-cadherin, and MMP2 through ERK-MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways. Anlotinib downregulated their expression and reversed the effect of bevacizumab on A549 cells. In vivo experiments confirmed that higher-dose bevacizumab facilitated metastasis in tumor-bearing nude mice and upregulated the expression of RGC32, N-cadherin, and MMP2, whereas anlotinib abrogated its effect. Expression of both RGC32 and N-cadherin positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and stage in lung adenocarcinoma was found. Survival analysis revealed that higher expressions of RGC32 and N-cadherin were associated with poor progression-free survival and overall survival. Conclusions Bevacizumab may promote invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells by upregulating RGC32 through ERK-MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas anlotinib reverses the effect. RGC32 and N-cadherin are independent prognostic factors in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohan Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Beijing, China.,National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Research and Development Department, Jiangsu Chia-Tai Tian Qing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Jia
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaochuan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Luzina IG, Rus V, Lockatell V, Courneya JP, Hampton BS, Fishelevich R, Misharin AV, Todd NW, Badea TC, Rus H, Atamas SP. Regulator of Cell Cycle Protein (RGCC/RGC-32) Protects against Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:146-157. [PMID: 34668840 PMCID: PMC8845131 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0022oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Some previous studies in tissue fibrosis have suggested a profibrotic contribution from elevated expression of a protein termed either RGCC (regulator of cell cycle) or RGC-32 (response gene to complement 32 protein). Our analysis of public gene expression datasets, by contrast, revealed a consistent decrease in RGCC mRNA levels in association with pulmonary fibrosis. Consistent with this observation, we found that stimulating primary adult human lung fibroblasts with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in cell cultures elevated collagen expression and simultaneously attenuated RGCC mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, overexpression of RGCC in cultured lung fibroblasts attenuated the stimulating effect of TGF-β on collagen levels. Similar to humans with pulmonary fibrosis, the levels of RGCC were also decreased in vivo in lung tissues of wild-type mice challenged with bleomycin in both acute and chronic models. Mice with constitutive RGCC gene deletion accumulated more collagen in their lungs in response to chronic bleomycin challenge than did wild-type mice. RNA-Seq analyses of lung fibroblasts revealed that RGCC overexpression alone had a modest transcriptomic effect, but in combination with TGF-β stimulation, induced notable transcriptomic changes that negated the effects of TGF-β, including on extracellular matrix-related genes. At the level of intracellular signaling, RGCC overexpression delayed early TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation, elevated the expression of total and phosphorylated antifibrotic mediator STAT1, and attenuated the expression of a profibrotic mediator STAT3. We conclude that RGCC plays a protective role in pulmonary fibrosis and that its decline permits collagen accumulation. Restoration of RGCC expression may have therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G. Luzina
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Violeta Rus
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Virginia Lockatell
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jean-Paul Courneya
- Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland–Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Rita Fishelevich
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander V. Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nevins W. Todd
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tudor C. Badea
- Retinal Circuits Development and Genetics Unit, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and,Faculty of Medicine, Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Brașov, Brașov, Romania
| | - Horea Rus
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sergei P. Atamas
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;,Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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5
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Cui XB, Fei J, Chen S, Edwards GL, Chen SY. ADAR1 deficiency protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E131-E138. [PMID: 33252250 PMCID: PMC8194408 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00175.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an important independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and many other chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the role of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Wild-type (WT) and heterozygous ADAR1-deficient (Adar1+/-) mice were fed normal chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk. Adar1+/- mice fed with HFD exhibited a lean phenotype with reduced fat mass compared with WT controls, although no difference was found under chow diet conditions. Blood biochemical analysis and insulin tolerance test showed that Adar1+/- improved HFD-induced dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Metabolic studies showed that food intake was decreased in Adar1+/- mice compared with the WT mice under HFD conditions. Paired feeding studies further demonstrated that Adar1+/- protected mice from HFD-induced obesity through decreased food intake. Furthermore, Adar1+/- restored the increased ghrelin expression in the stomach and the decreased serum peptide YY levels under HFD conditions. These data indicate that ADAR1 may contribute to diet-induced obesity, at least partially, through modulating the ghrelin and peptide YY expression and secretion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study identifies adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 as a novel factor promoting high-fat diet-induced obesity, at least partially, through modulating appetite-related genes ghrelin and PYY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Cui
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jia Fei
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Gaylen L Edwards
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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6
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Qian CL, Ding CL, Tang HL, Qi ZT, Wang W. Retinoic acid induced 16 deficiency exacerbates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:753-760. [PMID: 32289885 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with obesity may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Retinoic acid induced 16 (RAI16) plays an important role in cell apoptosis and is also a potential marker for HCC. Here we aimed to test the effect of RAI16 deficiency on liver pathology in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Wild type (WT) and RAI16 knockout (RAI16-/-) C57BL/6 mice were fed with HFD or chow for up to 12 months. With consumption of HFD diet, RAI16-/- mice on HFD developed much more excess fatty liver within 4 months than WT mice on HFD. The expressions of fatty acid synthesis associated molecules Ppar-γ, Srebp-1c and Fas were further increased in RAI16-/- mice compared with WT mice on HFD. Macrophage infiltration related molecules Mcp-1 and F4/80 and pro-inflammatory factor Lcn2 were significantly increased in RAI16-/- mice compared with WT mice on HFD. Conclusively, RAI16 deficiency exacerbated HFD-induced liver injury, associated with increased inflammation. These findings indicate that RAI16 plays an important role in HFD-induced liver pathology and might be considered as a target for treatment of NAFLD. SIGNIFICANCE: 1. RAI16-/- mice on HFD developed much more excess fatty liver. 2. RAI16-/- mice showed more macrophage infiltration and proinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Qian
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Ling Ding
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Tang JM, Shi N, Dong K, Brown SA, Coleman AE, Boegehold MA, Chen SY. Response Gene to Complement 32 Maintains Blood Pressure Homeostasis by Regulating α-Adrenergic Receptor Expression. Circ Res 2019; 123:1080-1090. [PMID: 30355157 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypertension prevalence is much higher among children and adolescents with low birth weight and greater postnatal weight gain than in individuals with normal birth weight. However, the cause and molecular mechanisms underlying this complication remain largely unknown. Our previous studies have shown that RGC-32 (response gene to complement 32)-deficient (RGC-32-/-) mice are born significantly smaller but grow faster than their WT (wild type) controls, which allows adult RGC-32-/- mice to attain body weights similar to those of control mice. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine whether RGC-32-/- mice develop hypertension, and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS By using a radiotelemetry system, we found that RGC-32-/- mice exhibit higher mean arterial pressure than WT mice (101±4 versus 119±5 mm Hg), which enabled us to use RGC-32-/- mice to study the mechanisms underlying low birth weight-related hypertension. The increased blood pressure in RGC-32-/- mice was associated with increased vascular tone and decreased distensibility of small resistance arteries. The increased vascular tone was because of an increase in the relative contribution of sympathetic versus parasympathetic activity and was linked to increased expression of AT1R (angiotensin II type I receptor) and α1-AdR (α1-adrenergic receptor) in arterial smooth muscles. Mechanistically, RGC-32 regulated AT1R gene transcription by interacting with Sp1 (specificity protein 1) transcription factor and further blocking its binding to the AT1R promoter, leading to suppression of AT1R expression. The attenuation of AT1R leads to reduction in α1-AdR expression, which was critical for the balance of sympathetic versus parasympathetic control of vascular tone. Of importance, downregulation of RGC-32 in arterial smooth muscles was also associated with low birth weight and hypertension in humans. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that RGC-32 is a novel protein factor vital for maintaining blood pressure homeostasis, especially in individuals with low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ming Tang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (J.-M.T., N.S., K.D., S.A.B., M.A.B., S.-Y.C.), University of Georgia, Athens.,Institute of Clinical Medicine (J.-M.T.), Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Cardiology (J.-M.T.), Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ning Shi
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (J.-M.T., N.S., K.D., S.A.B., M.A.B., S.-Y.C.), University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Kun Dong
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (J.-M.T., N.S., K.D., S.A.B., M.A.B., S.-Y.C.), University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Scott A Brown
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (J.-M.T., N.S., K.D., S.A.B., M.A.B., S.-Y.C.), University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine (A.E.C.), University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Matthew A Boegehold
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (J.-M.T., N.S., K.D., S.A.B., M.A.B., S.-Y.C.), University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Shi-You Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (J.-M.T., N.S., K.D., S.A.B., M.A.B., S.-Y.C.), University of Georgia, Athens
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8
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Vlaicu SI, Tatomir A, Anselmo F, Boodhoo D, Chira R, Rus V, Rus H. RGC-32 and diseases: the first 20 years. Immunol Res 2019; 67:267-279. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Liao WL, Lin JM, Liu SP, Chen SY, Lin HJ, Wang YH, Lei YJ, Huang YC, Tsai FJ. Loss of Response Gene to Complement 32 (RGC-32) in Diabetic Mouse Retina Is Involved in Retinopathy Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113629. [PMID: 30453650 PMCID: PMC6275084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe and recurrent microvascular complication in diabetes. The multifunctional response gene to complement 32 (RGC-32) is involved in the regulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. To investigate the role of RGC-32 in the development of DR, we used human retinal microvascular endothelial cells under high-glucose conditions and type 2 diabetes (T2D) mice (+Leprdb/ + Leprdb, db/db). The results showed that RGC-32 expression increased moderately in human retinal endothelial cells under hyperglycemic conditions. Histopathology and RGC-32 expression showed no significant changes between T2D and control mice retina at 16 and 24 weeks of age. However, RGC-32 expression was significantly decreased in T2D mouse retina compared to the control group at 32 weeks of age, which develop features of the early clinical stages of DR, namely reduced retinal thickness and increased ganglion cell death. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that RGC-32 was predominantly expressed in the photoreceptor inner segments of control mice, while the expression was dramatically lowered in the T2D retinas. Furthermore, we found that the level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased (approximately 2-fold) with a concomitant increase in cleaved caspase-3 (approximately 3-fold) in T2D retina compared to control. In summary, RGC-32 may lose its expression in T2D retina with features of DR, suggesting that it plays a critical role in DR pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Liao
- Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jane-Ming Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan and Department of Social Work, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yeh-Han Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Taipei Institute of Pathology, Taipei 103, Taiwan and Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jie Lei
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital and Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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10
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Cui XB, Chen SY. Response Gene to Complement 32 in Vascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:128. [PMID: 30280101 PMCID: PMC6153333 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Response gene to complement 32 (RGC32) is a protein that was identified in rat oligodendrocytes after complement activation. It is expressed in most of the organs and tissues, such as brain, placenta, heart, and the liver. Functionally, RGC32 is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, fibrosis, metabolic disease, and cancer. Emerging evidences support the roles of RGC32 in vascular diseases. RGC32 promotes injury-induced vascular neointima formation by mediating smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration. Moreover, RGC32 mediates endothelial cell activation and facilitates atherosclerosis development. Its involvement in macrophage phagocytosis and activation as well as T-lymphocyte cell cycle activation also suggests that RGC32 is important for the development and progression of inflammatory vascular diseases. In this mini-review, we provide an overview on the roles of RGC32 in regulating functions of SMCs, endothelial cells, and immune cells, and discuss their contributions to vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Cui
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent evidence for the role of dietary carbohydrate in de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RECENT FINDINGS A large body of evidence suggests that increased hepatic DNL is a significant pathway contributing to the development of NAFLD. Dietary carbohydrates, in particular, fructose, have been shown to stimulate DNL and increase liver fat, although it is debated whether this is due to excess energy or fructose per se. Recent dietary intervention studies conducted in energy balance show that high-fructose diets increase DNL and liver fat, whereas fructose restriction decreases DNL and liver fat. SUMMARY The association of high-carbohydrate and high-sugar diets with NAFLD may in part be explained by the effect of sugar on increasing hepatic DNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Chiu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland
| | - Kathleen Mulligan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Schwarz
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Division of Endocrinology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
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12
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Russell PK, Mangiafico S, Fam BC, Clarke MV, Marin ES, Andrikopoulos S, Wiren KM, Zajac JD, Davey RA. The androgen receptor in bone marrow progenitor cells negatively regulates fat mass. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:15-27. [PMID: 29386237 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that testosterone negatively regulates fat mass in humans and mice; however, the mechanism by which testosterone exerts these effects is poorly understood. We and others have shown that deletion of the androgen receptor (AR) in male mice results in a phenotype that mimics the three key clinical aspects of hypogonadism in human males; increased fat mass and decreased bone and muscle mass. We now show that replacement of the Ar gene specifically in mesenchymal progenitor cells (PCs) residing in the bone marrow of Global-ARKO mice, in the absence of the AR in all other tissues (PC-AR Gene Replacements), completely attenuates their increased fat accumulation. Inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue and intra-abdominal retroperitoneal visceral adipose tissue depots in PC-AR Gene Replacement mice were 50-80% lower than wild-type (WT) and 75-90% lower than Global-ARKO controls at 12 weeks of age. The marked decrease in subcutaneous and visceral fat mass in PC-AR Gene Replacements was associated with an increase in the number of small adipocytes and a healthier metabolic profile compared to WT controls, characterised by normal serum leptin and elevated serum adiponectin levels. Euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies reveal that the PC-AR Gene Replacement mice have improved whole-body insulin sensitivity with higher glucose infusion rates compared to WT mice and increased glucose uptake into subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat. In conclusion, these data provide the first evidence for an action of androgens via the AR in mesenchymal bone marrow PCs to negatively regulate fat mass and improve metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Russell
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Salvatore Mangiafico
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara C Fam
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele V Clarke
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyn S Marin
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristine M Wiren
- Research ServiceVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of MedicineAustin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Chen S, Mei X, Yin A, Yin H, Cui XB, Chen SY. Response gene to complement 32 suppresses adipose tissue thermogenic genes through inhibiting β3-adrenergic receptor/mTORC1 signaling. FASEB J 2018; 32:4836-4847. [PMID: 29579398 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701508r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that response gene to complement (RGC)-32 deficiency (Rgc32-/-) protects mice from diet-induced obesity and increases thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissues. However, the underlying mechanisms by which RGC-32 regulates thermogenic gene expression remain to be determined. In the present study, RGC-32 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) was suppressed during cold exposure-induced WAT browning. Rgc32-/- significantly increased thermogenic gene expression in the differentiated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of inguinal (i)WAT and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT). Rgc32-/- and cold exposure regulated a common set of genes in iWAT, as shown by RNA sequencing data. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that Rgc32-/- down-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling-related genes. Akt phosphorylation was also consistently decreased in Rgc32-/- iWAT, which led to an increase in β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) expression and subsequent activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)-1. β3-AR antagonist SR 59230A and mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin blocked Rgc32-/--induced thermogenic gene expression in both iWAT and interscapular BAT. These results indicate that RGC-32 suppresses adipose tissue thermogenic gene expression through down-regulation of β3-AR expression and mTORC1 activity via a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism.-Chen, S., Mei, X., Yin, A., Yin, H., Cui, X.-B., Chen, S.-Y. Response gene to complement 32 suppresses adipose tissue thermogenic genes through inhibiting β3-adrenergic receptor/mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaohan Mei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amelia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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14
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New insights into the roles of RGC-32. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:803-804. [PMID: 29503443 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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15
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Cui XB, Luan JN, Dong K, Chen S, Wang Y, Watford WT, Chen SY. RGC-32 (Response Gene to Complement 32) Deficiency Protects Endothelial Cells From Inflammation and Attenuates Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:e36-e47. [PMID: 29449334 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the role and underlying mechanisms of RGC-32 (response gene to complement 32 protein) in atherogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS RGC-32 was mainly expressed in endothelial cells of atherosclerotic lesions in both ApoE-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice and human patients. Rgc-32 deficiency (Rgc32-/-) attenuated the high-fat diet-induced and spontaneously developed atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice without affecting serum cholesterol concentration. Rgc32-/- seemed to decrease the macrophage content without altering collagen and smooth muscle contents or lesional macrophage proliferation in the lesions. Transplantation of WT (wild type) mouse bone marrow to lethally irradiated Rgc32-/- mice did not alter Rgc32-/--caused reduction of lesion formation and macrophage accumulation, suggesting that RGC-32 in resident vascular cells, but not the macrophages, plays a critical role in the atherogenesis. Of importance, Rgc32-/- decreased the expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) in endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro, resulting in a decrease in TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α)-induced monocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Mechanistically, RGC-32 mediated the ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, at least partially, through NF (nuclear factor)-κB signaling pathway. RGC-32 directly interacted with NF-κB and facilitated its nuclear translocation and enhanced TNF-α-induced NF-κB binding to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 promoters. CONCLUSIONS RGC-32 mediates atherogenesis by facilitating monocyte-endothelial cell interaction via the induction of endothelial ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, at least partially, through NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bing Cui
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.-B.C., J.-N.L., K.D., S.C., S.-Y.C.) and Department of Infectious Diseases (W.T.W.), University of Georgia, Athens; Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (S.C., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (Y.W.)
| | - Jun-Na Luan
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.-B.C., J.-N.L., K.D., S.C., S.-Y.C.) and Department of Infectious Diseases (W.T.W.), University of Georgia, Athens; Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (S.C., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (Y.W.)
| | - Kun Dong
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.-B.C., J.-N.L., K.D., S.C., S.-Y.C.) and Department of Infectious Diseases (W.T.W.), University of Georgia, Athens; Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (S.C., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (Y.W.)
| | - Sisi Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.-B.C., J.-N.L., K.D., S.C., S.-Y.C.) and Department of Infectious Diseases (W.T.W.), University of Georgia, Athens; Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (S.C., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (Y.W.)
| | - Yongyi Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.-B.C., J.-N.L., K.D., S.C., S.-Y.C.) and Department of Infectious Diseases (W.T.W.), University of Georgia, Athens; Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (S.C., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (Y.W.)
| | - Wendy T Watford
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.-B.C., J.-N.L., K.D., S.C., S.-Y.C.) and Department of Infectious Diseases (W.T.W.), University of Georgia, Athens; Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (S.C., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (Y.W.)
| | - Shi-You Chen
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (X.-B.C., J.-N.L., K.D., S.C., S.-Y.C.) and Department of Infectious Diseases (W.T.W.), University of Georgia, Athens; Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (S.C., S.-Y.C.); and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China (Y.W.).
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16
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You Y, Lee H, Yoon HG, Park J, Kim OK, Kim K, Lee MJ, Lee YH, Lee J, Jun W. A Blend of Extracts from Houttuynia cordata, Nelumbo nucifera, and Camellia sinensis Protects Against Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage in C57BL/6 Mice. J Med Food 2018; 21:203-206. [PMID: 29356593 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective activity of a mixture of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Nelumbo nucifera G. leaves, and Camellia sinensis seed (HNC) was evaluated in C57BL/6 mice. Pretreatment with HNC prevented the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase caused by ethanol-induced hepatic damage. The HNC-treated mice showed significantly lower triglyceride levels, reduced CYP2E1 activity, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities and lipogenic mRNA levels. These results suggest that HNC might be a candidate agent for liver protection against ethanol-induced oxidative damage, through enhancement of antioxidant and antilipogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghee You
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
- 2 University Industry Liaison Office of CNU, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyunmi Lee
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ho-Geun Yoon
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongjin Park
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
- 4 Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyungmi Kim
- 5 Department of Biofood Analysis, Korea Bio Polytechnic , Ganggyung, Korea
| | - Min-Jae Lee
- 6 NutriPlan Co., Ltd. , Research Center, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Yoo-Hyun Lee
- 7 Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- 8 Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
- 4 Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
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17
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Wang XY, Li SN, Zhu HF, Hu ZY, Zhong Y, Gu CS, Chen SY, Liu TF, Li ZG. RGC32 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the Smad/Sip1 signaling pathway in CRC. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46078. [PMID: 28470188 PMCID: PMC5415763 DOI: 10.1038/srep46078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Response gene to complement 32 (RGC32) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in cell growth, viability and tissue-specific differentiation. However, the role of RGC32 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that the expression of RGC32 was significantly up-regulated in human CRC tissues versus adjacent normal tissues. RGC32 expression was significantly correlated with invasive and aggressive characteristics of tumor cells, as well as poor survival of CRC patients. We also demonstrated that RGC32 overexpression promoted proliferation, migration and tumorigenic growth of human CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, RGC32 facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC via the Smad/Sip1 signaling pathway, as shown by decreasing E-cadherin expression and increasing vimentin expression. In conclusion, our findings suggested that overexpression of RGC32 facilitates EMT of CRC cells by activating Smad/Sip1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chuan-Sha Gu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology &Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Teng-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zu-Guo Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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