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Kalra J, Artamonov M, Wang H, Franke A, Markowska Z, Jin L, Derewenda ZS, Ayon RJ, Somlyo A. p90RSK2, a new MLCK mediates contractility in myosin light chain kinase null smooth muscle. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1228488. [PMID: 37781225 PMCID: PMC10533999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1228488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Phosphorylation of smooth muscle (SM) myosin regulatory light chain (RLC20) is a critical switch leading to SM contraction. The canonical view held that only the short isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK1) catalyzed this reaction. It is now accepted that auxiliary kinases may contribute to vascular SM tone and contractility. We have previously reported that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK2) functions as such a kinase, in parallel with MLCK1, contributing ∼25% of the maximal myogenic force in resistance arteries. Thus, RSK2 may be instrumental in the regulation of basal vascular tone and blood pressure. Here, we take advantage of a MLCK1 null mouse (mylk1 -/-) to further test our hypothesis that RSK2 can function as an MLCK, playing a significant physiological role in SM contractility. Methods: Using fetal (E14.5-18.5) SM tissues, as embryos die at birth, we investigated the necessity of MLCK for contractility and fetal development and determined the ability of RSK2 kinase to compensate for the lack of MLCK and characterized its signaling pathway in SM. Results and Discussion: Agonists induced contraction and RLC20 phosphorylation in mylk1 -/- SM was attenuated by RSK2 inhibition. The pCa-tension relationships in permeabilized strips of bladder showed no difference in Ca2+ sensitivity in WT vs mylk1 -/- muscles, although the magnitude of force responses was considerably smaller in the absence of MLCK. The magnitude of contractile responses was similar upon addition of GTPγS to activate the RhoA/ROCK pathway or calyculinA to inhibit the myosin phosphatase. The Ca2+-dependent tyrosine kinase, Pyk2, contributed to RSK2-mediated contractility and RLC20 phosphorylation. Proximity-ligation and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated an association of RSK2, PDK1 and ERK1/2 with MLCK and actin. RSK2, PDK1, ERK1/2 and MLCK formed a signaling complex on the actin filament, positioning them for interaction with adjacent myosin heads. The Ca2+-dependent component reflected the agonist mediated increases in Ca2+, which activated the Pyk2/PDK1/RSK2 signaling cascade. The Ca2+-independent component was through activation of Erk1/2/PDK1/RSK2 leading to direct phosphorylation of RLC20, to increase contraction. Overall, RSK2 signaling constitutes a new third signaling pathway, in addition to the established Ca2+/CaM/MLCK and RhoA/ROCK pathways to regulate SM contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kalra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mykhaylo Artamonov
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Sentara Martha Jefferson Hospital, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Aaron Franke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Brain Surgery Worldwide, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zaneta Markowska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Li Jin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Zygmunt S. Derewenda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ramon J. Ayon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Avril Somlyo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Li X, Ormsby MJ, Fallata G, Meikle LM, Walker D, Xu D, Wall DM. PF-431396 hydrate inhibition of kinase phosphorylation during adherent-invasive Escherichia coli infection inhibits intra-macrophage replication and inflammatory cytokine release. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169. [PMID: 37311220 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) have been implicated in the aetiology of Crohn's disease (CD). They are characterized by an ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells, and to replicate intracellularly in macrophages resulting in inflammation. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) has previously been identified as a risk locus for inflammatory bowel disease and a regulator of intestinal inflammation. It is overexpressed in patients with colorectal cancer, a major long-term complication of CD. Here we show that Pyk2 levels are significantly increased during AIEC infection of murine macrophages while the inhibitor PF-431396 hydrate, which blocks Pyk2 activation, significantly decreased intramacrophage AIEC numbers. Imaging flow cytometry indicated that Pyk2 inhibition blocked intramacrophage replication of AIEC with no change in the overall number of infected cells, but a significant reduction in bacterial burden per cell. This reduction in intracellular bacteria resulted in a 20-fold decrease in tumour necrosis factor α secretion by cells post-AIEC infection. These data demonstrate a key role for Pyk2 in modulating AIEC intracellular replication and associated inflammation and may provide a new avenue for future therapeutic intervention in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Michael J Ormsby
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Present address: Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK49 4LA, UK
| | - Ghaith Fallata
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynsey M Meikle
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Daniel Walker
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Damo Xu
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Daniel M Wall
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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Kalra J, Artamonov M, Wang H, Franke A, Markowska Z, Jin L, Derewenda ZS, Ayon R, Somlyo A. p90RSK2, a new MLCK, rescues contractility in myosin light chain kinase null smooth muscle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541840. [PMID: 37292593 PMCID: PMC10245941 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Phosphorylation of smooth muscle (SM) myosin regulatory light chain (RLC 20 ) is a critical switch leading to contraction or cell migration. The canonical view held that the only kinase catalyzing this reaction is the short isoform of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK1). Auxiliary kinases may be involved and play a vital role in blood pressure homeostasis. We have previously reported that p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK2) functions as such a kinase, in parallel with the classical MLCK1, contributing ∼25% of the maximal myogenic force in resistance arteries and regulating blood pressure. Here, we take advantage of a MLCK1 null mouse to further test our hypothesis that RSK2 can function as an MLCK, playing a significant physiological role in SM contractility. Methods Fetal (E14.5-18.5) SM tissues were used as embryos die at birth. We investigated the necessity of MLCK for contractility, cell migration and fetal development and determined the ability of RSK2 kinase to compensate for the lack of MLCK and characterized it's signaling pathway in SM. Results Agonists induced contraction and RLC 20 phosphorylation in mylk1 -/- SM, that was inhibited by RSK2 inhibitors. Embryos developed and cells migrated in the absence of MLCK. The pCa-tension relationships in WT vs mylk1 -/- muscles demonstrated a Ca 2+ -dependency due to the Ca 2+ -dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2, known to activate PDK1 that phosphorylates and fully activates RSK2. The magnitude of contractile responses was similar upon addition of GTPγS to activate the RhoA/ROCK pathway. The Ca 2+ -independent component was through activation of Erk1/2/PDK1/RSK2 leading to direct phosphorylation of RLC 20 , to increase contraction. RSK2, PDK1, Erk1/2 and MLCK formed a signaling complex on the actin filament, optimally positioning them for interaction with adjacent myosin heads. Conclusions RSK2 signaling constitutes a new third signaling pathway, in addition to the established Ca 2+ /CAM/MLCK and RhoA/ROCK pathways to regulate SM contractility and cell migration.
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Lubomirov LT, Schroeter MM, Hasse V, Frohn M, Metzler D, Bust M, Pryymachuk G, Hescheler J, Grisk O, Chalovich JM, Smyth NR, Pfitzer G, Papadopoulos S. Dual thick and thin filament linked regulation of stretch- and L-NAME-induced tone in young and senescent murine basilar artery. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1099278. [PMID: 37057180 PMCID: PMC10088910 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1099278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretch-induced vascular tone is an important element of autoregulatory adaptation of cerebral vasculature to maintain cerebral flow constant despite changes in perfusion pressure. Little is known as to the regulation of tone in senescent basilar arteries. We tested the hypothesis, that thin filament mechanisms in addition to smooth muscle myosin-II regulatory-light-chain-(MLC20)-phosphorylation and non-muscle-myosin-II, contribute to regulation of stretch-induced tone. In young BAs (y-BAs) mechanical stretch does not lead to spontaneous tone generation. Stretch-induced tone in y-BAs appeared only after inhibition of NO-release by L-NAME and was fully prevented by treatment with 3 μmol/L RhoA-kinase (ROK) inhibitor Y27632. L-NAME-induced tone was reduced in y-BAs from heterozygous mice carrying a point mutation of the targeting-subunit of the myosin phosphatase, MYPT1 at threonine696 (MYPT1-T696A/+). In y-BAs, MYPT1-T696A-mutation also blunted the ability of L-NAME to increase MLC20-phosphorylation. In contrast, senescent BAs (s-BAs; >24 months) developed stable spontaneous stretch-induced tone and pharmacological inhibition of NO-release by L-NAME led to an additive effect. In s-BAs the MYPT1-T696A mutation also blunted MLC20-phosphorylation, but did not prevent development of stretch-induced tone. In s-BAs from both lines, Y27632 completely abolished stretch- and L-NAME-induced tone. In s-BAs phosphorylation of non-muscle-myosin-S1943 and PAK1-T423, shown to be down-stream effectors of ROK was also reduced by Y27632 treatment. Stretch- and L-NAME tone were inhibited by inhibition of non-muscle myosin (NM-myosin) by blebbistatin. We also tested whether the substrate of PAK1 the thin-filament associated protein, caldesmon is involved in the regulation of stretch-induced tone in advanced age. BAs obtained from heterozygotes Cald1+/− mice generated stretch-induced tone already at an age of 20–21 months old BAs (o-BA). The magnitude of stretch-induced tone in Cald1+/− o-BAs was similar to that in s-BA. In addition, truncation of caldesmon myosin binding Exon2 (CaD-▵Ex2−/−) did not accelerate stretch-induced tone. Our study indicates that in senescent cerebral vessels, mechanisms distinct from MLC20 phosphorylation contribute to regulation of tone in the absence of a contractile agonist. While in y-and o-BA the canonical pathways, i.e., inhibition of MLCP by ROK and increase in pMLC20, predominate, tone regulation in senescence involves ROK regulated mechanisms, involving non-muscle-myosin and thin filament linked mechanisms involving caldesmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir T. Lubomirov
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Research Cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lubomir T. Lubomirov,
| | - Mechthild M. Schroeter
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronika Hasse
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marina Frohn
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Doris Metzler
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Bust
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Galyna Pryymachuk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Research Cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Joseph M. Chalovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Neil R. Smyth
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Mfge8 attenuates human gastric antrum smooth muscle contractions. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2021; 42:219-231. [PMID: 34085177 PMCID: PMC8332633 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-021-09604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated gastric smooth muscle contraction is critical for proper digestion and is adversely affected by a number of gastric motility disorders. In this study we report that the secreted protein Mfge8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8) inhibits the contractile responses of human gastric antrum muscles to cholinergic stimuli by reducing the inhibitory phosphorylation of the MYPT1 (myosin phosphatase-targeting subunit (1) subunit of MLCP (myosin light chain phosphatase), resulting in reduced LC20 (smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (2) phosphorylation. Mfge8 reduced the agonist-induced increase in the F-actin/G-actin ratios of β-actin and γ-actin1. We show that endogenous Mfge8 is bound to its receptor, α8β1 integrin, in human gastric antrum muscles, suggesting that human gastric antrum muscle mechanical responses are regulated by Mfge8. The regulation of gastric antrum smooth muscles by Mfge8 and α8 integrin functions as a brake on gastric antrum mechanical activities. Further studies of the role of Mfge8 and α8 integrin in regulating gastric antrum function will likely reveal additional novel aspects of gastric smooth muscle motility mechanisms.
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Wang H, Hong X, Kinsey WH. Sperm-oocyte signaling: the role of IZUMO1R and CD9 in PTK2B activation and actin remodeling at the sperm binding site†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1292-1301. [PMID: 33724343 PMCID: PMC8182024 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm-oocyte binding initiates an outside-in signaling event in the mouse oocyte that triggers recruitment and activation of the cytosolic protein kinase PTK2B in the cortex underlying the bound sperm. While not involved in gamete fusion, PTK2B activity promotes actin remodeling events important during sperm incorporation. However, the mechanism by which sperm-oocyte binding activates PTK2B is unknown, and the present study examined the possibility that sperm interaction with specific oocyte surface proteins plays an important role in PTK2B activation. Imaging studies revealed that as IZUMO1R and CD9 became concentrated at the sperm binding site, activated (phosphorylated) PTK2B accumulated in the cortex underlying the sperm head and in microvilli partially encircling the sperm head. In order to determine whether IZUMO1R and/or CD9 played a significant role in PTK2B recruitment and activation at the sperm binding site, the ability of oocytes null for Izumo1r or Cd9, to initiate an increase in PTK2B content and activation was tested. The results revealed that IZUMO1R played a minor role in PTK2B activation and had no effect on actin remodeling; however, CD9 played a very significant role in PTK2B activation and subsequent actin remodeling at the sperm binding site. These findings suggest the possibility that interaction of sperm surface proteins with CD9 or CD9-associated oocyte proteins triggers PTK2B activation at the sperm binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Xiaoman Hong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - William H Kinsey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA,Correspondence: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. E-mail:
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Luo QQ, Wang B, Chen X, Qiu HY, Li WT, Yan XJ, Chen SL. Acute stress induces visceral hypersensitivity via glucocorticoid receptor-mediated membrane insertion of TRPM8: Involvement of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase Pyk2. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:1514-1528. [PMID: 32391653 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is an important factor for the development and recurrence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The mechanisms underlying stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity (VH), a key pathophysiological component in IBS, are still incompletely understood. We aimed to test whether transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) participates in acute stress-induced VH. METHODS Rats were subjected to 1-hour water avoidance stress (WAS). Visceral sensitivity was measured with visceromotor response to colorectal distension. Western blot and immunofluorescence were applied to evaluate the expression of GR and TRPM8 and activation of PKA, Akt, and PKC pathways. RESULTS WAS-caused VH depended on glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and TRPM8 channels. In a dorsal root ganglion (DRG)-derived cell line, corticosterone rapidly (within 30 minutes) induced membrane expression of TRPM8. This effect was inhibited by GR antagonism and was mimicked by membrane-impermeable corticosterone. PKA, PI3K/Akt, and PKC pathways, which lied downstream of GR and acted in parallel to promote membrane expression of TRPM8, contributed to WAS-induced VH. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Pyk2, which may serve as a convergence point for PKA, PI3K/Akt, and PKC pathways, facilitated membrane insertion of TRPM8 via tyrosine-phosphorylating TRPM8 in L6-S2 DRGs and participated in WAS-induced VH. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, acute stress-induced VH could involve membrane-bound GR-dependent enhancement of TRPM8 function in nociceptive DRG neurons. Mechanistically, Pyk2 could act as a key mediator that coordinates multiple protein kinase signaling and triggers phosphorylation and membrane insertion of TRPM8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yi Qiu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Liang Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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Mukherjee A, Singh R, Udayan S, Biswas S, Reddy PP, Manmadhan S, George G, Kumar S, Das R, Rao BM, Gulyani A. A Fyn biosensor reveals pulsatile, spatially localized kinase activity and signaling crosstalk in live mammalian cells. eLife 2020; 9:50571. [PMID: 32017701 PMCID: PMC7000222 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell behavior is controlled through spatio-temporally localized protein activity. Despite unique and often contradictory roles played by Src-family-kinases (SFKs) in regulating cell physiology, activity patterns of individual SFKs have remained elusive. Here, we report a biosensor for specifically visualizing active conformation of SFK-Fyn in live cells. We deployed combinatorial library screening to isolate a binding-protein (F29) targeting activated Fyn. Nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) analysis provides the structural basis of F29 specificity for Fyn over homologous SFKs. Using F29, we engineered a sensitive, minimally-perturbing fluorescence-resonance-energy-transfer (FRET) biosensor (FynSensor) that reveals cellular Fyn activity to be spatially localized, pulsatile and sensitive to adhesion/integrin signaling. Strikingly, growth factor stimulation further enhanced Fyn activity in pre-activated intracellular zones. However, inhibition of focal-adhesion-kinase activity not only attenuates Fyn activity, but abolishes growth-factor modulation. FynSensor imaging uncovers spatially organized, sensitized signaling clusters, direct crosstalk between integrin and growth-factor-signaling, and clarifies how compartmentalized Src-kinase activity may drive cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Mukherjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Sreeram Udayan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Sayan Biswas
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Saumya Manmadhan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Geen George
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa Kumar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ranabir Das
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Balaji M Rao
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States
| | - Akash Gulyani
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Sharma P, Roy K. ROCK-2-selective targeting and its therapeutic outcomes. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:446-455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Luo D, Chen X, Zhu X, Liu S, Li J, Xu J, Zhao J, Ji X. Pu-Erh Tea Relaxes the Thoracic Aorta of Rats by Reducing Intracellular Calcium. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1430. [PMID: 31849675 PMCID: PMC6892945 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that pu-erh tea aqueous extract could lower blood pressure and ameliorate hypertension symptoms. However, the antihypertension mechanisms of pu-erh tea remain unclear. In this work, the direct effects of pu-erh tea on vessels and cells were investigated by detecting isometric tension and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), respectively. Additionally, to identify the main active components, the aqueous extract of pu-erh was separated by organic solvents to obtain various fractions, and the effects of these fractions on arteries were assessed. The results showed that pu-erh aqueous extract vasodilated rat thoracic aortas preconstricted by phenylephrine or KCl. These vasodilation effects were not significantly affected by the removal of the endothelium or by preincubation with potassium channel blockers (tetraethylammonium, glibenclamide, aminopyridine, or barium chloride). Moreover, pu-erh aqueous extract could reduce the vessel contractibility induced by CaCl2 and phenylephrine under KCl-depolarizing or Ca2+-free buffer conditions, respectively. Furthermore, pu-erh aqueous extract attenuated the KCl-induced increase in [Ca2+]i in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle A7r5 cells. In addition, the chloroform precipitate of pu-erh aqueous extract produced the most potent vasodilation. Theabrownins (the characteristic components of pu-erh tea) accounted for 41.91 ± 1.09 % of the chloroform precipitate and vasodilated arteries in an endothelium-independent manner. In addition, the vasodilation effect of caffeine was verified. In conclusion, theabrownins and caffeine should be the two main active components in pu-erh tea. Pu-erh aqueous extract vasodilated arteries in an endothelium-independent manner, which might partly be attributed to the decrease in extracellular Ca2+ influx. Moreover, our study provided data on the potential mechanism of the hypotensive actions of pu-erh tea, which might improve our understanding of the effect of pu-erh tea on the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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11
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Nakatsu D, Kano F, Shinozaki-Narikawa N, Murata M. Pyk2-dependent phosphorylation of LSR enhances localization of LSR and tricellulin at tricellular tight junctions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223300. [PMID: 31574128 PMCID: PMC6773211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are cellular junctions within the mammalian epithelial cell sheet that function as a physical barrier to molecular transport within the intercellular space. Dysregulation of TJs leads to various diseases. Tricellular TJs (tTJs), specialized structural variants of TJs, are formed by multiple transmembrane proteins (e.g., lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor [LSR] and tricellulin) within tricellular contacts in the mammalian epithelial cell sheet. However, the mechanism for recruiting LSR and tricellulin to tTJs is largely unknown. Previous studies have identified that tyrphostin 9, the dual inhibitor of Pyk2 (a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase) and receptor tyrosine kinase platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), suppresses LSR and tricellulin recruitment to tTJs in EpH4 (a mouse mammary epithelial cell line) cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of Pyk2 inhibition on LSR and tricellulin localization to tTJs. Pyk2 inactivation by its specific inhibitor or repression by RNAi inhibited the localization of LSR and downstream tricellulin to tTJs without changing their expression level in EpH4 cells. Pyk2-dependent changes in subcellular LSR and tricellulin localization were independent of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and expression. Additionally, Pyk2-dependent LSR phosphorylation at Tyr-237 was required for LSR and tricellulin localization to tTJs and decreased epithelial barrier function. Our findings indicated a novel mechanism by which Pyk2 regulates tTJ assembly and epithelial barrier function in the mammalian epithelial cell sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nakatsu
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumi Kano
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naeko Shinozaki-Narikawa
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Lin CC, Hsiao LD, Cho RL, Yang CM. Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecule-2-Upregulated ROS-Dependent Heme Oxygenase-1 Axis Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Airway Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133157. [PMID: 31261663 PMCID: PMC6651427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is mediated through nicotinamaide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (Nox) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which could provide cytoprotection against inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM)-2-induced HO-1 expression in human tracheal smooth muscle cells (HTSMCs) remain unknown. Here, we found that pretreatment with CORM-2 attenuated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression and leukocyte count through the up-regulation of HO-1 in mice, which was revealed by immunohistochemistrical staining, Western blot, real-time PCR, and cell count. The inhibitory effects of HO-1 by CORM-2 were reversed by transfection with HO-1 siRNA. Next, Western blot, real-time PCR, and promoter activity assay were performed to examine the HO-1 induction in HTSMCs. We found that CORM-2 induced HO-1 expression via the activation of protein kinase C (PKC)α and proline-rich tyrosine kinase (Pyk2), which was mediated through Nox-derived ROS generation using pharmacological inhibitors or small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs). CORM-2-induced HO-1 expression was mediated through Nox-(1, 2, 4) or p47phox, which was confirmed by transfection with their own siRNAs. The Nox-derived ROS signals promoted the activities of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Subsequently, c-Fos and c-Jun-activator protein-1 (AP-1) subunits-were up-regulated by activated ERK1/2, which turned on transcription of the HO-1 gene by regulating the HO-1 promoter. These results suggested that in HTSMCs, CORM-2 activates PKCα/Pyk2-dependent Nox/ROS/ERK1/2/AP-1, leading to HO-1 up-regulation, which suppresses the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Ling Cho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkuo, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan.
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13
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Xie Y, Perrino BA. Quantitative in situ proximity ligation assays examining protein interactions and phosphorylation during smooth muscle contractions. Anal Biochem 2019; 577:1-13. [PMID: 30981700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based in situ proximity ligation assays (isPLA) have the potential to study protein phosphorylation and protein interactions with spatial resolution in intact tissues. However, the application of isPLA at the tissue level is limited by a lack of appropriate positive and negative controls and the difficulty in accounting for changes in tissue shape. Here we demonstrate a set of experimental and computational approaches using gastric fundus smooth muscles to improve the validity of quantitative isPLA. Appropriate positive and negative biological controls and PLA technical controls were selected to ensure experimental rigor. To account for changes in morphology between relaxed and contracted smooth muscles, target PLA spots were normalized to smooth muscle myosin light chain 20 PLA spots or the cellular cross-sectional areas. We describe the computational steps necessary to filter out false-positive improperly sized spots and set the thresholds for counting true positive PLA spots to quantify the PLA signals. We tested our approach by examining protein phosphorylation and protein interactions in smooth muscle myofilament Ca2+ sensitization pathways from resting and contracted gastric fundus smooth muscles. In conclusion, our tissue-level isPLA method enables unbiased quantitation of protein phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions in intact smooth muscle tissues, suggesting the potential for quantitative isPLA applications in other types of intact tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Xie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, MS 0352, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Brian A Perrino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, MS 0352, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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14
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Mahavadi S, Nalli AD, Wang H, Kendig DM, Crowe MS, Lyall V, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Regulation of gastric smooth muscle contraction via Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent actin polymerization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209359. [PMID: 30571746 PMCID: PMC6301582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In gastrointestinal smooth muscle, acetylcholine induced muscle contraction is biphasic, initial peak followed by sustained contraction. Contraction is regulated by phosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC) at Ser19, interaction of actin and myosin, and actin polymerization. The present study characterized the signaling mechanisms involved in actin polymerization during initial and sustained muscle contraction in response to muscarinic M3 receptor activation in gastric smooth muscle cells by targeting the effectors of initial (phospholipase C (PLC)-β/Ca2+ pathway) and sustained (RhoA/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/Rho kinase pathway) contraction. The initial Ca2+ dependent contraction and actin polymerization is mediated by sequential activation of PLC-β1 via Gαq, IP3 formation, Ca2+ release and Ca2+ dependent phosphorylation of proline-rich-tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) at Tyr402. The sustained Ca2+ independent contraction and actin polymerization is mediated by activation of RhoA, and phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397. Both phosphorylation of Pyk2 and FAK leads to phosphorylation of paxillin at Tyr118 and association of phosphorylated paxillin with the GEF proteins p21-activated kinase (PAK) interacting exchange factor α, β (α and β PIX) and DOCK 180. These GEF proteins stimulate Cdc42 leading to the activation of nucleation promoting factor N-WASP (neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein), which interacts with actin related protein complex 2/3 (Arp2/3) to induce actin polymerization and muscle contraction. Acetylcholine induced muscle contraction is inhibited by actin polymerization inhibitors. Thus, our results suggest that a novel mechanism for the regulation of smooth muscle contraction is mediated by actin polymerization in gastrointestinal smooth muscle which is independent of MLC20 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunila Mahavadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ancy D. Nalli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Derek M. Kendig
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Molly S. Crowe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Vijay Lyall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - John R. Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Karnam S. Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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15
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Tong L, Ao JP, Lu HL, Huang X, Zang JY, Liu SH, Song NN, Huang SQ, Lu C, Chen J, Xu WX. Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 is Involved in Colonic Smooth Muscle Contraction via the RhoA/ROCK Pathway. Physiol Res 2018; 68:89-98. [PMID: 30433799 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The contraction of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscles is regulated by both Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+) sensitization mechanisms. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is involved in the depolarization-induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle via a Ca(2+) sensitization pathway. However, the role of Pyk2 in GI smooth muscle contraction is unclear. The spontaneous contraction of colonic smooth muscle was measured by using isometric force transducers. Protein and phosphorylation levels were determined by using western blotting. Pyk2 protein was expressed in colonic tissue, and spontaneous colonic contractions were inhibited by PF-431396, a Pyk2 inhibitor, in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX). In cultured colonic smooth muscle cells (CSMCs), PF-431396 decreased the levels of myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylated at Ser19 and ROCK2 protein expression, but myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression was not altered. However, Y-27632, a Rho kinase inhibitor, increased phosphorylation of Pyk2 at Tyr402 and concomitantly decreased ROCK2 levels; the expression of MLCK in CSMCs did not change. The expression of P(Tyr402)-Pyk2 and ROCK2 was increased when CSMCs were treated with Ach. Pyk2 is involved in the process of colonic smooth muscle contraction through the RhoA/ROCK pathway. These pathways may provide very important targets for investigating GI motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Ping Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Li Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Hua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Soth Renji Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni-Na Song
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qi Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Wang Y, Zheng J, Han Y, Zhang Y, Su L, Hu D, Fu X. JAM-A knockdown accelerates the proliferation and migration of human keratinocytes, and improves wound healing in rats via FAK/Erk signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:848. [PMID: 30154481 PMCID: PMC6113279 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, it predominantly exists at the tight junctions of epithelial and endothelial cells. JAM-A is known to regulate leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, however, how it affects the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes, the two essential steps during wound healing, has less been explored. In this study, we showed that JAM-A was significantly expressed in normal skin epidermis. RNAi-mediated JAM-A knockdown remarkably promoted the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. We also found that loss of JAM-A increased the protein levels of p-FAK, p-Erk1/2, and p-JNK; however, FAK inhibitor PF-562271 restrained the expression of p-FAK and p-Erk1/2 elevated by JAM-A RNAi, but not p-JNK, and also slowed down keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Finally, in a rat wound model we showed that absence of JAM-A significantly promoted the wound healing process, while the use of PF-562271 or Erk1/2 inhibitor PD98059 repressed those effects. These data collectively demonstrate that suppressing JAM-A expression could promote the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and accelerate the healing process of rat skin wounds, potentially via FAK/Erk pathway, indicating that JAM-A might serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic refractory wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Wang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China.,Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianping Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xi'an Central Hospital, 710003, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linlin Su
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China.
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17
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Xie Y, Han KH, Grainger N, Li W, Corrigan RD, Perrino BA. A role for focal adhesion kinase in facilitating the contractile responses of murine gastric fundus smooth muscles. J Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29528115 DOI: 10.1113/jp275406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) by integrin signalling facilitates smooth muscle contraction by transmitting the force generated by myofilament activation to the extracellular matrix and throughout the smooth muscle tissue. Here we report that electrical field stimulation (EFS) of cholinergic motor neurons activates FAK in gastric fundus smooth muscles, and that FAK activation by EFS is atropine-sensitive but nicardipine-insensitive. PDBu and calyculin A contracted gastric fundus muscles Ca2+ -independently and also activated FAK. Inhibition of FAK activation inhibits the contractile responses evoked by EFS, and inhibits CPI-17 phosphorylation at T38. This study indicates that mechanical force or tension is sufficient to activate FAK, and that FAK appears to be involved in the activation of the protein kinase C-CPI-17 Ca2+ sensitization pathway in gastric fundus smooth muscles. These results reveal a novel role for FAK in gastric fundus smooth muscle contraction by facilitating CPI-17 phosphorylation. ABSTRACT Smooth muscle contraction involves regulating myosin light chain phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase. C-kinase potentiated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor of 17 kDa (CPI-17) and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit of myosin light-chain phosphatase (MYPT1) are crucial for regulating gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction by inhibiting myosin light chain phosphatase. Integrin signalling involves the dynamic recruitment of several proteins, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), to focal adhesions. FAK tyrosine kinase activation is involved in cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix via integrin signalling. FAK participates in linking the force generated by myofilament activation to the extracellular matrix and throughout the smooth muscle tissue. Here, we show that cholinergic stimulation activates FAK in gastric fundus smooth muscles. Electrical field stimulation in the presence of Nω -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and MRS2500 contracted gastric fundus smooth muscle strips and increased FAK Y397 phosphorylation (pY397). Atropine blocked the contractions and prevented the increase in pY397. The FAK inhibitor PF-431396 inhibited the contractions and the increase in pY397. PF-431396 also inhibited the electrical field stimulation-induced increase in CPI-17 T38 phosphorylation, and reduced MYPT1 T696 and T853, and myosin light chain S19 phosphorylation. Ca2+ influx was unaffected by PF-431396. Nicardipine inhibited the contractions but had no effect on the increase in pY397. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate or calyculin A contracted gastric fundus smooth muscle strips Ca2+ independently and increased pY397. Our findings suggest that FAK is activated by mechanical forces during contraction and reveal a novel role of FAK in the regulation of CPI-17 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Xie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Koon Hee Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathan Grainger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Robert D Corrigan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Brian A Perrino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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18
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Kanteti R, Mirzapoiazova T, Riehm JJ, Dhanasingh I, Mambetsariev B, Wang J, Kulkarni P, Kaushik G, Seshacharyulu P, Ponnusamy MP, Kindler HL, Nasser MW, Batra SK, Salgia R. Focal adhesion kinase a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:316-327. [PMID: 29303405 PMCID: PMC5902231 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1416937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is known to play a key role in a variety of normal and cancer cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, migration and invasion. It is highly active and overexpressed in various cancers including Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM). Here, initially, we demonstrate that FAK is overexpressed in both PDAC and MPM cell lines. Then we analyze effects of two small molecule inhibitors PF-573228, and PF-431396, which are dual specificity inhibitors of FAK and proline rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2), as well as VS-6063, another small molecule inhibitor that specifically inhibits FAK but not PYK2 for cell growth, motility and invasion of PDAC and MPM cell lines. Treatment with PF-573228, PF-431396 and VS-6063 cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of growth and anchorage-independent colony formation in both cancer cell lines. Furthermore, these compounds suppressed the phosphorylation of FAK at its active site, Y397, and functionally induced significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in both cell lines. Using the ECIS (Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing) system, we found that treatment of both PF compounds suppressed adherence and migration of PDAC cells on fibronectin. Interestingly, 3D-tumor organoids derived from autochthonous KC (Kras;PdxCre) mice treated with PF-573228 revealed a significant decrease in tumor organoid size and increase in organoid cell death. Taken together, our results show that FAK is an important target for mesothelioma and pancreatic cancer therapy that merit further translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kanteti
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Tamara Mirzapoiazova
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Jacob J Riehm
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Immanuel Dhanasingh
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Bolot Mambetsariev
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Jiale Wang
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA.,d Oncology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province , China
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA
| | - Garima Kaushik
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Hedy L Kindler
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research , City of Hope, Duarte , CA , USA
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19
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Cook DP, Adam RJ, Zarei K, Deonovic B, Stroik MR, Gansemer ND, Meyerholz DK, Au KF, Stoltz DA. CF airway smooth muscle transcriptome reveals a role for PYK2. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95332. [PMID: 28878137 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal airway smooth muscle function can contribute to cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease. We previously found that airway smooth muscle from newborn CF pigs had increased basal tone, an increased bronchodilator response, and abnormal calcium handling. Since CF pigs lack airway infection and inflammation at birth, these findings suggest intrinsic airway smooth muscle dysfunction in CF. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CFTR loss in airway smooth muscle would produce a distinct set of changes in the airway smooth muscle transcriptome that we could use to develop novel therapeutic targets. Total RNA sequencing of newborn wild-type and CF airway smooth muscle revealed changes in muscle contraction-related genes, ontologies, and pathways. Using connectivity mapping, we identified several small molecules that elicit transcriptional signatures opposite of CF airway smooth muscle, including NVP-TAE684, an inhibitor of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2). In CF airway smooth muscle tissue, PYK2 phosphorylation was increased and PYK2 inhibition decreased smooth muscle contraction. In vivo NVP-TAE684 treatment of wild-type mice reduced methacholine-induced airway smooth muscle contraction. These findings suggest that studies in the newborn CF pig may provide an important approach to enhance our understanding of airway smooth muscle biology and for discovery of novel airway smooth muscle therapeutics for CF and other diseases of airway hyperreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Cook
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and
| | - Ryan J Adam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Keyan Zarei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Benjamin Deonovic
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kin Fai Au
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David A Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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20
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Grossi M, Bhattachariya A, Nordström I, Turczyńska KM, Svensson D, Albinsson S, Nilsson BO, Hellstrand P. Pyk2 inhibition promotes contractile differentiation in arterial smooth muscle. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3088-3102. [PMID: 28019664 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Modulation from contractile to synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells is a central process in disorders involving compromised integrity of the vascular wall. Phenotype modulation has been shown to include transition from voltage-dependent toward voltage-independent regulation of the intracellular calcium level, and inhibition of non-voltage dependent calcium influx contributes to maintenance of the contractile phenotype. One possible mediator of calcium-dependent signaling is the FAK-family non-receptor protein kinase Pyk2, which is activated by a number of stimuli in a calcium-dependent manner. We used the Pyk2 inhibitor PF-4594755 and Pyk2 siRNA to investigate the role of Pyk2 in phenotype modulation in rat carotid artery smooth muscle cells and in cultured intact arteries. Pyk2 inhibition promoted the expression of smooth muscle markers at the mRNA and protein levels under stimulation by FBS or PDGF-BB and counteracted phenotype shift in cultured intact carotid arteries and balloon injury ex vivo. During long-term (24-96 hr) treatment with PF-4594755, smooth muscle markers increased before cell proliferation was inhibited, correlating with decreased KLF4 expression and differing from effects of MEK inhibition. The Pyk2 inhibitor reduced Orai1 and preserved SERCA2a expression in carotid artery segments in organ culture, and eliminated the inhibitory effect of PDGF stimulation on L-type calcium channel and large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel expression in carotid cells. Basal intracellular calcium level, calcium wave activity, and store-operated calcium influx were reduced after Pyk2 inhibition of growth-stimulated cells. Pyk2 inhibition may provide an interesting approach for preserving vascular smooth muscle differentiation under pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Grossi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ina Nordström
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Hellstrand
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Flucrypyrim, a novel uterine relaxant, has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42040. [PMID: 28220794 PMCID: PMC5318994 DOI: 10.1038/srep42040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Consequences of primary dsysmenorrhea (PD) can be severe. Increased prostaglandin production leads to uterine contraction and insufficient blood flow to the endometrium causing ischemia and pain symptoms. Protein tyrosine kinase/phosphatase activities contribute to the modulation of uterine contraction. In our previous study, we found the synthetic β-methoxyacrylates compound Fluacrypyrim (FAPM), significantly increased protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) activity, resulting in dephosphorylation of tyrosine kinases. In the present study, we found that FAPM near completely inhibited prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)-, oxytocin-, acetylcholine-, and high K+-induced uterine contractions in rats in vitro, and decreased rat myometrial myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation induced by PGF2α. A structure–activity relationship assay indicated that the β-methoxyacrylates structure of FAPM is crucial for the inhibition of PGF2α-induced uterine contractions. FAPM caused a concentration-dependent parallel rightward shift of the concentration–response curve induced by oxytocin, dose-dependently reduced the number of abdominal constrictions and increased the latency time in PGF2α- and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice in vivo. Furthermore, FAPM considerably inhibited the development of Carr-induced rat paw edemas and thexylene-induced mouse ear edemas. Taken together, our results indicate that FAPM exerts antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo with considerable potential as a novel uterine relaxant.
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22
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Nicholson CJ, Seta F, Lee S, Morgan KG. MicroRNA-203 mimics age-related aortic smooth muscle dysfunction of cytoskeletal pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:81-95. [PMID: 27502584 PMCID: PMC5192880 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased aortic stiffness is a biomarker for subsequent adverse cardiovascular events. We have previously reported that vascular smooth muscle Src-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling, which contributes to aortic plasticity, is impaired with ageing. Here, we use a multi-scale approach to determine the molecular mechanisms behind defective Src-dependent signalling in an aged C57BL/6 male mouse model. Increased aortic stiffness, as measured in vivo by pulse wave velocity, was found to have a comparable time course to that in humans. Bioinformatic analyses predicted several miRs to regulate Src-dependent cytoskeletal remodelling. qRT-PCR was used to determine the relative levels of predicted miRs in aortas and, notably, the expression of miR-203 increased almost twofold in aged aorta. Increased miR-203 expression was associated with a decrease in both mRNA and protein expression of Src, caveolin-1 and paxillin in aged aorta. Probing with phospho-specific antibodies confirmed that overexpression of miR-203 significantly attenuated Src and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling, which we have previously found to regulate vascular smooth muscle stiffness. In addition, transfection of miR-203 into aortic tissue from young mice increased phenylephrine-induced aortic stiffness ex vivo, mimicking the aged phenotype. Upstream of miR-203, we found that DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1, 3a, and 3b are also significantly decreased in the aged mouse aorta and that DNMT inhibition significantly increases miR-203 expression. Thus, the age-induced increase in miR-203 may be caused by epigenetic promoter hypomethylation in the aorta. These findings indicate that miR-203 promotes a re-programming of Src/ERK signalling pathways in vascular smooth muscle, impairing the regulation of stiffness in aged aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Seta
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Kraemer MP, Choi H, Reese J, Lamb FS, Breyer RM. Regulation of arterial reactivity by concurrent signaling through the E-prostanoid receptor 3 and angiotensin receptor 1. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 84:47-54. [PMID: 27260940 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a cyclooxygenase metabolite that generally acts as a systemic vasodepressor, has been shown to have vasopressor effects under certain physiologic conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that PGE2 receptor signaling modulates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension, but the interaction of these two systems in the regulation of vascular reactivity is incompletely characterized. We hypothesized that Ang II, a principal effector of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, potentiates PGE2-mediated vasoconstriction. Here we demonstrate that pre-treatment of arterial rings with 1nM Ang II potentiated PGE2-evoked constriction in a concentration dependent manner (AUC-Ang II 2.778±2.091, AUC+Ang II 22.830±8.560, ***P<0.001). Using genetic deletion models and pharmacological antagonists, we demonstrate that this potentiation effect is mediated via concurrent signaling between the angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1) and the PGE2 E-prostanoid receptor 3 (EP3) in the mouse femoral artery. EP3 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction is shown to be dependent on extracellular calcium in combination with proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) and Rho-kinase. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism through which Ang II and PGE2 regulate peripheral vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Kraemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Hyehun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jeff Reese
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fred S Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Richard M Breyer
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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24
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Zhang C, Su X, Bellner L, Lin DH. Caveolin-1 regulates corneal wound healing by modulating Kir4.1 activity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C993-C1000. [PMID: 27122158 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00023.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The expression of caveolin-1 (Cav1) in corneal epithelium is associated with regeneration potency. We used Cav1(-/-) mice to study the role of Cav1 in modulating corneal wound healing. Western blot and whole cell patch clamp were employed to study the effect of Cav1 deletion on Kir4.1 current density in corneas. We found that Ba(2+)-sensitive K(+) currents in primary cultured murine corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) from Cav1(-/-) were dramatically reduced (602 pA) compared with those from wild type (WT; 1,300 pA). As a consequence, membrane potential was elevated in pMCE from Cav1(-/-) compared with that from WT (-43 ± 7.5 vs. -58 ± 4.0 mV, respectively). Western blot showed that either inhibition of Cav1 expression or Ba(2+) incubation stimulated phosphorylation of the EGFR. The transwell migration assay showed that Cav1 genetic inactivation accelerated cell migration. The regrowth efficiency of human corneal epithelial cells (HCE) transfected with siRNA-Cav1 or negative control was evaluated by scrape injury assay. With the presence of mitomycin C (10 μg/ml) to avoid the influence of cell proliferation, Cav1 inhibition with siRNA significantly increased migration compared with control siRNA in HCE. This promoting effect by siRNA-Cav1 could not be further enhanced by cotransfection with siRNA-Kcnj10. By using corneal debridement, we found that wound healing was significantly accelerated in Cav1(-/-) compared with WT mice (70 ± 10 vs. 36 ± 3%, P < 0.01). Our findings imply that the mechanism by which Cav-1 knockout promotes corneal regrowth is, at least partially, due to the inhibition of Kir4.1 which stimulates EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China; and Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Xiaotong Su
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Lars Bellner
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Dao-Hong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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25
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Brozovich FV, Nicholson CJ, Degen CV, Gao YZ, Aggarwal M, Morgan KG. Mechanisms of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and the Basis for Pharmacologic Treatment of Smooth Muscle Disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:476-532. [PMID: 27037223 PMCID: PMC4819215 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which agonists, therapeutics, and diseases regulate contractility of the vascular smooth muscle cell and we place this within the context of whole body function. We also discuss the implications for personalized medicine and highlight specific potential target molecules that may provide opportunities for the future development of new therapeutics to regulate vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Brozovich
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C J Nicholson
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C V Degen
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - M Aggarwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - K G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
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26
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Sutherland C, MacDonald JA, Walsh MP. Analysis of phosphorylation of the myosin-targeting subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase by Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C681-91. [PMID: 26864694 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00327.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the myosin-targeting subunit 1 of myosin light chain phosphatase (MYPT1) plays an important role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction, and several sites of phosphorylation by different protein Ser/Thr kinases have been identified. Furthermore, in some instances, phosphorylation at specific sites affects phosphorylation at neighboring sites, with functional consequences. Characterization of the complex phosphorylation of MYPT1 in tissue samples at rest and in response to contractile and relaxant stimuli is, therefore, challenging. We have exploited Phos-tag SDS-PAGE in combination with Western blotting using antibodies to MYPT1, including phosphospecific antibodies, to separate multiple phosphorylated MYPT1 species and quantify MYPT1 phosphorylation stoichiometry using purified, full-length recombinant MYPT1 phosphorylated by Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). This approach confirmed that phosphorylation of MYPT1 by ROCK occurs at Thr(697)and Thr(855), PKA phosphorylates these two sites and the neighboring Ser(696)and Ser(854), and prior phosphorylation at Thr(697)and Thr(855)by ROCK precludes phosphorylation at Ser(696)and Ser(854)by PKA. Furthermore, phosphorylation at Thr(697)and Thr(855)by ROCK exposes two other sites of phosphorylation by PKA. Treatment of Triton-skinned rat caudal arterial smooth muscle strips with the membrane-impermeant phosphatase inhibitor microcystin or treatment of intact tissue with the membrane-permeant phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A induced slow, sustained contractions that correlated with phosphorylation of MYPT1 at 7 to ≥10 sites. Phos-tag SDS-PAGE thus provides a suitable and convenient method for analysis of the complex, multisite MYPT1 phosphorylation events involved in the regulation of myosin light chain phosphatase activity and smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Sakai H, Sato K, Kai Y, Chiba Y, Narita M. Denatonium and 6- n-Propyl-2-thiouracil, Agonists of Bitter Taste Receptor, Inhibit Contraction of Various Types of Smooth Muscles in the Rat and Mouse. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:33-41. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, Division of Pharmacy Professional Development and Research, Hoshi University
| | - Ken Sato
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, Division of Pharmacy Professional Development and Research, Hoshi University
| | - Yuki Kai
- Department of Analytical Pathophysiology, Division of Pharmacy Professional Development and Research, Hoshi University
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28
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MacDonald JA, Sutherland C, Carlson DA, Bhaidani S, Al-Ghabkari A, Swärd K, Haystead TAJ, Walsh MP. A Small Molecule Pyrazolo[3,4-d]Pyrimidinone Inhibitor of Zipper-Interacting Protein Kinase Suppresses Calcium Sensitization of Vascular Smooth Muscle. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:105-17. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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29
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Colinas O, Moreno-Domínguez A, Zhu HL, Walsh EJ, Pérez-García MT, Walsh MP, Cole WC. α5-Integrin-mediated cellular signaling contributes to the myogenic response of cerebral resistance arteries. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:281-91. [PMID: 26278977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The myogenic response of resistance arterioles and small arteries involving constriction in response to intraluminal pressure elevation and dilation on pressure reduction is fundamental to local blood flow regulation in the microcirculation. Integrins have garnered considerable attention in the context of initiating the myogenic response, but evidence indicative of mechanotransduction by integrin adhesions, for example established changes in tyrosine phosphorylation of key adhesion proteins, has not been obtained to substantiate this interpretation. Here, we evaluated the role of integrin adhesions and associated cellular signaling in the rat cerebral arterial myogenic response using function-blocking antibodies against α5β1-integrins, pharmacological inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src family kinase (SFK), an ultra-high-sensitivity western blotting technique, site-specific phosphoprotein antibodies to quantify adhesion and contractile filament protein phosphorylation, and differential centrifugation to determine G-actin levels in rat cerebral arteries at varied intraluminal pressures. Pressure-dependent increases in the levels of phosphorylation of FAK (FAK-Y397, Y576/Y577), SFK (SFK-Y416; Y527 phosphorylation was reduced), vinculin-Y1065, paxillin-Y118 and phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1)-Y783 were detected. Treatment with α5-integrin function-blocking antibodies, FAK inhibitor FI-14 or SFK inhibitor SU6656 suppressed the changes in adhesion protein phosphorylation, and prevented pressure-dependent phosphorylation of the myosin targeting subunit of myosin light chain phosphatase (MYPT1) at T855 and 20kDa myosin regulatory light chains (LC20) at S19, as well as actin polymerization that are necessary for myogenic constriction. We conclude that mechanotransduction by integrin adhesions and subsequent cellular signaling play a fundamental role in the cerebral arterial myogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Colinas
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Alejandro Moreno-Domínguez
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Hai-Lei Zhu
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Emma J Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - M Teresa Pérez-García
- Department of Physiology, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Michael P Walsh
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - William C Cole
- Smooth Muscle Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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30
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Mills RD, Mita M, Walsh MP. A role for the Ca2+-dependent tyrosine kinase Pyk2 in tonic depolarization-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:479-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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