1
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Yang H, Zhang Q, Zhou S, Hu Z, Tang Q, Li Z, Feng Q, Yu L. Discovery of a first-in-class degrader for the protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6). Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107439. [PMID: 38754310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
PRMT6 is a member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family, which participates in a variety of physical processes and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Using small molecules to design and synthesize targeted protein degraders is a new strategy for drug development. Here, we report the first-in-class degrader SKLB-0124 for PRMT6 based on the hydrophobic tagging (HyT) method.Importantly, SKLB-0124 induced proteasome dependent degradation of PRMT6 and significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCC827 and MDA-MB-435 cells. Moreover, SKLB-0124 effectively induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in these two cell lines. Our data clarified that SKLB-0124 is a promising selective PRMT6 degrader for cancer therapy which is worthy of further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiangsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zuli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Luoting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 17#3rd Section, Ren Min South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Song C, Kim MY, Cho JY. The Role of Protein Methyltransferases in Immunity. Molecules 2024; 29:360. [PMID: 38257273 PMCID: PMC10819338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system protects our body from bacteria, viruses, and toxins and removes malignant cells. Activation of immune cells requires the onset of a network of important signaling proteins. Methylation of these proteins affects their structure and biological function. Under stimulation, T cells, B cells, and other immune cells undergo activation, development, proliferation, differentiation, and manufacture of cytokines and antibodies. Methyltransferases alter the above processes and lead to diverse outcomes depending on the degree and type of methylation. In the previous two decades, methyltransferases have been reported to mediate a great variety of immune stages. Elucidating the roles of methylation in immunity not only contributes to understanding the immune mechanism but is helpful in the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies. Hence, we review herein the studies on methylation in immunity, aiming to provide ideas for new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Song
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
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3
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Chen Q, Hu Q, Chen Y, Shen N, Zhang N, Li A, Li L, Li J. PRMT6 methylation of STAT3 regulates tumor metastasis in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:655. [PMID: 37813837 PMCID: PMC10562413 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming distant metastasis stands as a paramount challenge in enhancing the outcomes of breast cancer treatments. Thus, delving deeper into comprehending the intricate mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis becomes imperative, offering potential avenues for pioneering therapeutic approaches. PRMT6, an arginine N-methyltransferase, possesses the ability to methylate both histone and non-histone proteins. It has been reported that methylation of non-histone proteins impacts their cellular localization, stability, and activation, consequently influencing tumor progression. However, the extent to which PRMT6-mediated non-histone protein methylation influences cancer cell metastasis, particularly in the context of breast cancer, remains elusive. In this study, we established that PRMT6 exerted a positive regulatory influence on breast cancer metastasis through both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Mechanistically, we innovatively revealed that PRMT6 asymmetrically di-methylated STAT3 at arginine 729 (STAT3 R729me2a). This modification proved indispensable for STAT3's membrane localization, its interaction with JAK2, STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation, and PRMT6-driven cancer cell metastasis. From a clinical perspective, we unearthed the promising potential of STAT3 R729me2a as a robust prognostic marker for predicting the overall survival time of breast cancer patients. In terms of therapeutic intervention, we demonstrated the significant capability of the PRMT6 inhibitor, EPZ020411, to curtail breast cancer metastasis both in vivo and in vitro. In sum, our study unveils the pivotal biological role of PRMT6-mediated STAT3 R729me2a in breast cancer metastasis and underscores the prospective utility of PRMT6 inhibitors as effective therapeutic strategies against STAT3-driven metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhi Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingyi Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anshu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Chen Y, Liang W, Du J, Ma J, Liang R, Tao M. PRMT6 functionally associates with PRMT5 to promote colorectal cancer progression through epigenetically repressing the expression of CDKN2B and CCNG1. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113413. [PMID: 36400182 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a type I arginine methyltransferase that asymmetrically dimethylates histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2me2a). However, the biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of PRMT6 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. METHODS PRMT6 expression in CRC tissue was examined using immunohistochemistry. The effect of PRMT6 on CRC cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown assays were performed to identify interaction partners of PRMT6. RNA-seq, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Western blot and qRT-PCR assays were used to investigate the mechanism of PRMT6 in gene regulation. RESULTS PRMT6 is significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and facilitates cell proliferation of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Through RNA-seq analysis, CDKN2B (p15INK4b) and CCNG1 were identified as new transcriptional targets of PRMT6. PRMT6-dependent H3R2me2a mark was predominantly deposited at the promoters of CDKN2B and CCNG1 in CRC cells. Furthermore, PRMT5 was firstly characterized as an interaction partner of PRMT6. Notably, H3R2me2a coincides with PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s and H3R8me2s marks at the promoters of CDKN2B and CCNG1 genes, thus leading to transcriptional repression of these genes. CONCLUSIONS PRMT6 functionally associates with PRMT5 to promote CRC progression through epigenetically repressing the expression of CDKN2B and CCNG1. These insights raise the possibility that combinational intervention of PRMT6 and PRMT5 may be a promising strategy for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Wanqing Liang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Jiachi Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Rongrui Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China; Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215124, China.
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5
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Malbeteau L, Pham HT, Eve L, Stallcup MR, Poulard C, Le Romancer M. How Protein Methylation Regulates Steroid Receptor Function. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:160-197. [PMID: 33955470 PMCID: PMC8755998 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid receptors (SRs) are members of the nuclear hormonal receptor family, many of which are transcription factors regulated by ligand binding. SRs regulate various human physiological functions essential for maintenance of vital biological pathways, including development, reproduction, and metabolic homeostasis. In addition, aberrant expression of SRs or dysregulation of their signaling has been observed in a wide variety of pathologies. SR activity is tightly and finely controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) targeting the receptors and/or their coregulators. Whereas major attention has been focused on phosphorylation, growing evidence shows that methylation is also an important regulator of SRs. Interestingly, the protein methyltransferases depositing methyl marks are involved in many functions, from development to adult life. They have also been associated with pathologies such as inflammation, as well as cardiovascular and neuronal disorders, and cancer. This article provides an overview of SR methylation/demethylation events, along with their functional effects and biological consequences. An in-depth understanding of the landscape of these methylation events could provide new information on SR regulation in physiology, as well as promising perspectives for the development of new therapeutic strategies, illustrated by the specific inhibitors of protein methyltransferases that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Malbeteau
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Ha Thuy Pham
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Louisane Eve
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Michael R Stallcup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
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6
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Structure, Activity and Function of the Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 6. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090951. [PMID: 34575100 PMCID: PMC8470942 DOI: 10.3390/life11090951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family methylate the arginine residue(s) of several proteins and regulate a broad spectrum of cellular functions. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a type I PRMT that asymmetrically dimethylates the arginine residues of numerous substrate proteins. PRMT6 introduces asymmetric dimethylation modification in the histone 3 at arginine 2 (H3R2me2a) and facilitates epigenetic regulation of global gene expression. In addition to histones, PRMT6 methylates a wide range of cellular proteins and regulates their functions. Here, we discuss (i) the biochemical aspects of enzyme kinetics, (ii) the structural features of PRMT6 and (iii) the diverse functional outcomes of PRMT6 mediated arginine methylation. Finally, we highlight how dysregulation of PRMT6 is implicated in various types of cancers and response to viral infections.
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7
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Interaction of NEP with G Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 Facilitates Influenza A Virus Replication by Weakening the Inhibition of GPS2 to RNA Synthesis and Ribonucleoprotein Assembly. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00008-21. [PMID: 33658351 PMCID: PMC8139649 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00008-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear export protein (NEP) serves multiple functions in the life cycle of influenza A virus (IAV). Identifying novel host proteins that interact with NEP and understanding their functions in IAV replication are of great interest. In this study, we screened and confirmed the direct interaction of G protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) with NEP through a yeast two-hybrid screening assay and glutathione S-transferase-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Knockdown or knockout of GPS2 enhanced IAV titers, whereas overexpression of GPS2 impaired IAV replication, demonstrating that GPS2 acted as a negative host factor in IAV replication. Meanwhile, GPS2 inhibited viral RNA synthesis by reducing the assembly of IAV polymerase. Interestingly, IAV NEP interacted with GPS2 and mediated its nuclear export, thereby activated the degradation of GPS2. Thus, NEP-GPS2 interaction weakened the inhibition of GPS2 to viral polymerase activity and benefited virus replication. Overall, this study identified the novel NEP-binding host partner GPS2 as a critical host factor to participate in IAV replication. These findings provided novel insights into the interactions between IAV and host cells, revealing a new function for GPS2 during IAV replication.Importance: NEP is proposed to play multiple biologically important roles in the life cycle of IAV, which largely relies on host factors by interaction. Our study demonstrated that GPS2 could reduce the interaction between PB1 and PB2 and interfere with vRNP assembly. Thus, GPS2 inhibited the RNA synthesis of IAV and negatively regulated its replication. Importantly, IAV NEP interacted with GPS2 and mediated the nuclear export of GPS2, thereby activated the degradation of GPS2. Thus, NEP-GPS2 interaction weakened the inhibition of GPS2 to viral polymerase activity and benefited virus replication.
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8
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Hamey JJ, Rakow S, Bouchard C, Senst JM, Kolb P, Bauer UM, Wilkins MR, Hart-Smith G. Systematic investigation of PRMT6 substrate recognition reveals broad specificity with a preference for an RG motif or basic and bulky residues. FEBS J 2021; 288:5668-5691. [PMID: 33764612 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) catalyses the asymmetric dimethylation of arginines on numerous substrate proteins within the human cell. In particular, PRMT6 methylates histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2) which affects both gene repression and activation. However, the substrate specificity of PRMT6 has not been comprehensively analysed. Here, we systematically characterise the substrate recognition motif of PRMT6, finding that it has broad specificity and recognises the RG motif. Working with a H3 tail peptide as a template, on which we made 204 amino acid substitutions, we use targeted mass spectrometry to measure their effect on PRMT6 in vitro activity. We first show that PRMT6 methylates R2 and R8 in the H3 peptide, although H3R8 is methylated with lower efficiency and is not an in vivo PRMT6 substrate. We then quantify the effect of 194 of these amino acid substitutions on methylation at both H3R2 and H3R8. In both cases, we find that PRMT6 tolerates essentially any amino acid substitution in the H3 peptide, but that positively charged and bulky residues are preferred near the target arginine. We show that PRMT6 also has preference for glycine, but only in the position immediately following the target arginine. This indicates that PRMT6 recognises the RG motif rather than the RGG motif. We further confirm this preference for the RG motif on another PRMT6 substrate, histone H4R3. This broad specificity and recognition of RG rather than RGG are distinctive among the PRMT family and has implications for the development of drugs to selectively target PRMT6. DATABASES: Panorama Public (https://panoramaweb.org/PRMT6motif.url); ProteomeXchange (PXD016711).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Hamey
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sinja Rakow
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Senst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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The role of protein arginine methyltransferases in kidney diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:2037-2051. [PMID: 32766778 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a crucial post-translational modification for many biological processes, including DNA repair, RNA processing, and transduction of intra- and extracellular signaling. Previous studies have reported that PRMTs are extensively involved in various pathologic states, including cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress reaction. However, the role of PRMTs has not been well described in kidney diseases. Recent studies have shown that aberrant function of PRMTs and its metabolic products-symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-are involved in several renal pathological processes, including renal fibrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN), hypertension, graft rejection and renal tumors. We aim in this review to elucidate the possible roles of PRMTs in normal renal function and various kidney diseases.
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10
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Chan LH, Zhou L, Ng KY, Wong TL, Lee TK, Sharma R, Loong JH, Ching YP, Yuan YF, Xie D, Lo CM, Man K, Artegiani B, Clevers H, Yan HH, Leung SY, Richard S, Guan XY, Huen MSY, Ma S. PRMT6 Regulates RAS/RAF Binding and MEK/ERK-Mediated Cancer Stemness Activities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through CRAF Methylation. Cell Rep 2019; 25:690-701.e8. [PMID: 30332648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a post-translational modification that plays pivotal roles in signal transduction and gene transcription during cell fate determination. We found protein methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) to be frequently downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its expression to negatively correlate with aggressive cancer features in HCC patients. Silencing of PRMT6 promoted the tumor-initiating, metastasis, and therapy resistance potential of HCC cell lines and patient-derived organoids. Consistently, loss of PRMT6 expression aggravated liver tumorigenesis in a chemical-induced HCC PRMT6 knockout (PRMT6-/-) mouse model. Integrated transcriptome and protein-protein interaction studies revealed an enrichment of genes implicated in RAS signaling and showed that PRMT6 interacted with CRAF on arginine 100, which decreased its RAS binding potential and altered its downstream MEK/ERK signaling. Our work describes a critical repressive function for PRMT6 in maintenance of HCC cells by regulating RAS binding and MEK/ERK signaling via methylation of CRAF on arginine 100.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA Methylation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/genetics
- MAP Kinase Kinase 1/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/genetics
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/physiology
- TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- raf Kinases/genetics
- raf Kinases/metabolism
- ras Proteins/genetics
- ras Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Hei Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Yu Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin Lok Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terence K Lee
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Core Facility, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jane H Loong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yick Pang Ching
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Fei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chung Mau Lo
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan Man
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benedetta Artegiani
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helen H Yan
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael S Y Huen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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11
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Drareni K, Ballaire R, Barilla S, Mathew MJ, Toubal A, Fan R, Liang N, Chollet C, Huang Z, Kondili M, Foufelle F, Soprani A, Roussel R, Gautier JF, Alzaid F, Treuter E, Venteclef N. GPS2 Deficiency Triggers Maladaptive White Adipose Tissue Expansion in Obesity via HIF1A Activation. Cell Rep 2019; 24:2957-2971.e6. [PMID: 30208320 PMCID: PMC6153369 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic white adipose tissue (WAT) represents a maladaptive mechanism linked to the risk for developing type 2 diabetes in humans. However, the molecular events that predispose WAT to hypertrophy are poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that adipocyte hypertrophy is triggered by loss of the corepressor GPS2 during obesity. Adipocyte-specific GPS2 deficiency in mice (GPS2 AKO) causes adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction during surplus energy. This phenotype is driven by HIF1A activation that orchestrates inadequate WAT remodeling and disrupts mitochondrial activity, which can be reversed by pharmacological or genetic HIF1A inhibition. Correlation analysis of gene expression in human adipose tissue reveals a negative relationship between GPS2 and HIF1A, adipocyte hypertrophy, and insulin resistance. We propose therefore that the obesity-associated loss of GPS2 in adipocytes predisposes for a maladaptive WAT expansion and a pro-diabetic status in mice and humans. Adipose-specific GPS2 deficiency predisposes for adipocyte hypertrophy Loss of GPS2 triggers transcriptional activation of HIF1A pathways Deregulation of GPS2-HIF1A interplay provokes disrupted mitochondrial activity GPS2 and HIF1A levels are negatively correlated in human adipose tissue
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Drareni
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Raphaëlle Ballaire
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Inovarion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Serena Barilla
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mano J Mathew
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Amine Toubal
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Rongrong Fan
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ning Liang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Catherine Chollet
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Kondili
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Foufelle
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Soprani
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Clinique Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Ramsey General de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, DHU FIRE, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Lariboisière Hospital, Department of Diabetes, Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC-9504), University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France; Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Eckardt Treuter
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- INSERM, Cordeliers Research Centre, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
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12
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Cardamone MD, Tanasa B, Cederquist CT, Huang J, Mahdaviani K, Li W, Rosenfeld MG, Liesa M, Perissi V. Mitochondrial Retrograde Signaling in Mammals Is Mediated by the Transcriptional Cofactor GPS2 via Direct Mitochondria-to-Nucleus Translocation. Mol Cell 2019; 69:757-772.e7. [PMID: 29499132 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As most of the mitochondrial proteome is encoded in the nucleus, mitochondrial functions critically depend on nuclear gene expression and bidirectional mito-nuclear communication. However, mitochondria-to-nucleus communication pathways in mammals are incompletely understood. Here, we identify G-Protein Pathway Suppressor 2 (GPS2) as a mediator of mitochondrial retrograde signaling and a transcriptional activator of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. GPS2-regulated translocation from mitochondria to nucleus is essential for the transcriptional activation of a nuclear stress response to mitochondrial depolarization and for supporting basal mitochondrial biogenesis in differentiating adipocytes and brown adipose tissue (BAT) from mice. In the nucleus, GPS2 recruitment to target gene promoters regulates histone H3K9 demethylation and RNA POL2 activation through inhibition of Ubc13-mediated ubiquitination. These findings, together, reveal an additional layer of regulation of mitochondrial gene transcription, uncover a direct mitochondria-nuclear communication pathway, and indicate that GPS2 retrograde signaling is a key component of the mitochondrial stress response in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dafne Cardamone
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bogdan Tanasa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carly T Cederquist
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jiawen Huang
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kiana Mahdaviani
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wenbo Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Biochemistry Department, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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13
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Pravenec M, Saba LM, Zídek V, Landa V, Mlejnek P, Šilhavý J, Šimáková M, Strnad H, Trnovská J, Škop V, Hüttl M, Marková I, Oliyarnyk O, Malínská H, Kazdová L, Smith H, Tabakoff B. Systems genetic analysis of brown adipose tissue function. Physiol Genomics 2017; 50:52-66. [PMID: 29127223 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00091.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been suggested to play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism in rodents and possibly also in humans. In the current study, we used genetic and correlation analyses in the BXH/HXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains, derived from Brown Norway (BN) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), to identify genetic determinants of BAT function. Linkage analyses revealed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with interscapular BAT mass on chromosome 4 and two closely linked QTLs associated with glucose oxidation and glucose incorporation into BAT lipids on chromosome 2. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) we identified 1,147 gene coexpression modules in the BAT from BXH/HXB rats and mapped their module eigengene QTLs. Through an unsupervised analysis, we identified modules related to BAT relative mass and function. The Coral4.1 coexpression module is associated with BAT relative mass (includes Cd36 highly connected gene), and the Darkseagreen coexpression module is associated with glucose incorporation into BAT lipids (includes Hiat1, Fmo5, and Sort1 highly connected transcripts). Because multiple statistical criteria were used to identify candidate modules, significance thresholds for individual tests were not adjusted for multiple comparisons across modules. In summary, a systems genetic analysis using genomic and quantitative transcriptomic and physiological information has produced confirmation of several known genetic factors and significant insight into novel genetic components functioning in BAT and possibly contributing to traits characteristic of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Laura M Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Václav Zídek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Landa
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mlejnek
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Šimáková
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Trnovská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Škop
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hüttl
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Marková
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Oliyarnyk
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Malínská
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Harry Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado
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14
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Boehm D, Ott M. Host Methyltransferases and Demethylases: Potential New Epigenetic Targets for HIV Cure Strategies and Beyond. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:S8-S22. [PMID: 29140109 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful HIV cure strategy may require reversing HIV latency to purge hidden viral reservoirs or enhancing HIV latency to permanently silence HIV transcription. Epigenetic modifying agents show promise as antilatency therapeutics in vitro and ex vivo, but also affect other steps in the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize what we know about cellular DNA and protein methyltransferases (PMTs) as well as demethylases involved in HIV infection. We describe the biology and function of DNA methyltransferases, and their controversial role in HIV infection. We further explain the biology of PMTs and their effects on lysine and arginine methylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. We end with a focus on protein demethylases, their unique modes of action and their emerging influence on HIV infection. An outlook on the use of methylation-modifying agents in investigational HIV cure strategies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boehm
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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15
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Kenny TC, Manfredi G, Germain D. The Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response as a Non-Oncogene Addiction to Support Adaptation to Stress during Transformation in Cancer and Beyond. Front Oncol 2017; 7:159. [PMID: 28798902 PMCID: PMC5526845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon accumulation of misfolded proteins in the mitochondria, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is activated. This review focuses on the role of this response in cancer. We discuss evidence that during transformation, the UPRmt may play an essential role in the maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondria in the face of increased oxidative stress. However, the role of the UPRmt in other diseases is also emerging and is therefore also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Kenny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, Unites States
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, Unites States
| | - Doris Germain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, Unites States
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16
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The Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Inflammatory Responses. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4028353. [PMID: 27041824 PMCID: PMC4793140 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4028353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) mediate the methylation of a number of protein substrates of arginine residues and serve critical functions in many cellular responses, including cancer development, progression, and aggressiveness, T-lymphocyte activation, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. There are nine members of the PRMT family, which are divided into 4 types (types I–IV). Although most PRMTs do not require posttranslational modification (PTM) to be activated, fine-tuning modifications, such as interactions between cofactor proteins, subcellular compartmentalization, and regulation of RNA, via micro-RNAs, seem to be required. Inflammation is an essential defense reaction of the body to eliminate harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, or pathogens. However, chronic inflammation can eventually cause several types of diseases, including some cancers, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis. Therefore, inflammation responses should be well modulated. In this review, we briefly discuss the role of PRMTs in the control of inflammation. More specifically, we review the roles of four PRMTs (CARM1, PRMT1, PRMT5, and PRMT6) in modulating inflammation responses, particularly in terms of modulating the transcriptional factors or cofactors related to inflammation. Based on the regulatory roles known so far, we propose that PRMTs should be considered one of the target molecule groups that modulate inflammatory responses.
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