1
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Bobileva O, Bobrovs R, Sirma EE, Kanepe I, Bula AL, Patetko L, Ramata-Stunda A, Grinberga S, Jirgensons A, Jaudzems K. 3-(Adenosylthio)benzoic Acid Derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 Methyltransferase Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020768. [PMID: 36677825 PMCID: PMC9862586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 guanine-N7-methyltransferase plays an important role in the viral RNA translation process by catalyzing the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) to viral mRNA cap. We report a structure-guided design and synthesis of 3-(adenosylthio)benzoic acid derivatives as nsp14 methyltransferase inhibitors resulting in compound 5p with subnanomolar inhibitory activity and improved cell membrane permeability in comparison with the parent inhibitor. Compound 5p acts as a bisubstrate inhibitor targeting both SAM and mRNA-binding pockets of nsp14. While the selectivity of 3-(adenosylthio)benzoic acid derivatives against human glycine N-methyltransferase was not improved, the discovery of phenyl-substituted analogs 5p,t may contribute to further development of SARS-CoV-2 nsp14 bisubstrate inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bobileva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence:
| | - Raitis Bobrovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Iveta Kanepe
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anna L. Bula
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Liene Patetko
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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2
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Saha B, Parks RJ. Recent Advances in Novel Antiviral Therapies against Human Adenovirus. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091284. [PMID: 32842697 PMCID: PMC7563841 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a very common pathogen that typically causes minor disease in most patients. However, the virus can cause significant morbidity and mortality in certain populations, including young children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. Currently, there are no approved therapeutics to treat HAdV infections, and the standard treatment relies on drugs approved to combat other viral infections. Such treatments often show inconsistent efficacy, and therefore, more effective antiviral therapies are necessary. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the search for new chemical and biological anti-HAdV therapeutics, including drugs that are currently undergoing preclinical/clinical testing, and small molecule screens for the identification of novel compounds that abrogate HAdV replication and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratati Saha
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Robin J. Parks
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-8123
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3
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Dong G, Yasgar A, Peterson DL, Zakharov A, Talley D, Cheng KCC, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Huang R. Optimization of High-Throughput Methyltransferase Assays for the Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors. ACS Comb Sci 2020; 22:422-432. [PMID: 32525297 PMCID: PMC7429283 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methyltransferases (MTases) play diverse roles in cellular processes. Aberrant methylation levels have been implicated in many diseases, indicating the need for the identification and development of small molecule inhibitors for each MTase. Specific inhibitors can serve as probes to investigate the function and validate therapeutic potential for the respective MTase. High-throughput screening (HTS) is a powerful method to identify initial hits for further optimization. Here, we report the development of a fluorescence-based MTase assay and compare this format with the recently developed MTase-Glo luminescence assay for application in HTS. Using protein N-terminal methyltransferase 1 (NTMT1) as a model system, we miniaturized to 1536-well quantitative HTS format. Through a pilot screen of 1428 pharmacologically active compounds and subsequent validation, we discovered that MTase-Glo produced lower false positive rates than the fluorescence-based MTase assay. Nevertheless, both assays displayed robust performance along with low reagent requirements and can potentially be employed as general HTS formats for the discovery of inhibitors for any MTase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Darrell L. Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Alexey Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Daniel Talley
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ken Chih-Chien Cheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
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4
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Belizário J, Destro Rodrigues MF. Checkpoint inhibitor blockade and epigenetic reprogrammability in CD8 + T-cell activation and exhaustion. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2020; 8:2515135520904238. [PMID: 32206744 PMCID: PMC7074507 DOI: 10.1177/2515135520904238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T-cell exhaustion is a dysfunctional state that is regulated through the expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptor genes including the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4, programmed death 1, and DNA methylation of effector genes interferon-γ, perforin, and granzyme B. Different strategies have been used to reverse T-cell exhaustion, which is an adverse event of checkpoint inhibitor blockade. Here, we present the mechanisms by which DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and Simian virus 40 large T antigen through viral mimicry can promote the reversion of exhausted CD8+ T cells. We examine how these pharmacological strategies can work together to improve the clinical efficacy of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Belizário
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute Biomedical Sciences of the University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
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5
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Sala L, Franco-Valls H, Stanisavljevic J, Curto J, Vergés J, Peña R, Duch P, Alcaraz J, García de Herreros A, Baulida J. Abrogation of myofibroblast activities in metastasis and fibrosis by methyltransferase inhibition. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3064-3077. [PMID: 31032902 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are a population of highly contractile fibroblasts that express and require the activity of the transcription factor Snail1. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) correlate with low survival of cancer patients when present in the stroma of primary tumors. Remarkably, the presence of myofibroblastic CAFs (which express Snail1) creates mechanical properties in the tumor microenvironment that support metastasis. However, therapeutic blockage of fibroblast activity in patients with cancer is a double-edged sword, as normal fibroblast activities often restrict tumor cell invasion. We used fibroblasts depleted of Snail1 or protein arginine methyltransferases 1 and 4 (PRMT1/-4) to identify specific epigenetic modifications induced by TGFβ/Snail1. Furthermore, we analyzed the in vivo efficiency of methyltransferase inhibitors using mouse models of wound healing and metastasis, as well as fibroblasts isolated from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Mechanistically, TGFβ-induced Snail1 promotes the epigenetic mark of asymmetrically dimethylated arginine. Critically, we found that inhibitors of methyltransferases prevent myofibroblast activity (but not regular fibroblast activity) in the extracellular matrix, both in cell culture and in vivo. In a mouse breast cancer model, the inhibitor sinefungin reduces both the myofibroblast activity in the tumor stroma and the metastatic burden in the lung. Two distinct inhibitors effectively blocked the exacerbated myofibroblast activity of patient-derived IPF fibroblasts. Our data reveal epigenetic regulation of myofibroblast transdifferentiation in both wound healing and in disease (fibrosis and breast cancer). Thus, methyltransferase inhibitors are good candidates as therapeutic reagents for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sala
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Franco-Valls
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jelena Stanisavljevic
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josue Curto
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jordi Vergés
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Peña
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Duch
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut - Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut - Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Baulida
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Boehm D, Ott M. Host Methyltransferases and Demethylases: Potential New Epigenetic Targets for HIV Cure Strategies and Beyond. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:S8-S22. [PMID: 29140109 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful HIV cure strategy may require reversing HIV latency to purge hidden viral reservoirs or enhancing HIV latency to permanently silence HIV transcription. Epigenetic modifying agents show promise as antilatency therapeutics in vitro and ex vivo, but also affect other steps in the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize what we know about cellular DNA and protein methyltransferases (PMTs) as well as demethylases involved in HIV infection. We describe the biology and function of DNA methyltransferases, and their controversial role in HIV infection. We further explain the biology of PMTs and their effects on lysine and arginine methylation of histone and nonhistone proteins. We end with a focus on protein demethylases, their unique modes of action and their emerging influence on HIV infection. An outlook on the use of methylation-modifying agents in investigational HIV cure strategies is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Boehm
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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7
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Devkota K, Lohse B, Liu Q, Wang MW, Stærk D, Berthelsen J, Clausen RP. Analogues of the Natural Product Sinefungin as Inhibitors of EHMT1 and EHMT2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:293-7. [PMID: 24900829 DOI: 10.1021/ml4002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of analogues of the natural product sinefungin lacking the amino acid moiety was synthesized and probed for their ability to inhibit EHMT1 and EHMT2. This study led to inhibitors 3b and 4d of methyltransferase activity of EHMT1 and EHMT2 and it demonstrates that such analogues constitute an interesting scaffold to develop selective methyltransferase inhibitors. Surprisingly, the inhibition was not competitive toward AdoMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Devkota
- The
NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej
3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Lohse
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qing Liu
- The
National Center for Drug Screening and the Key Laboratory of Receptor
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The
National Center for Drug Screening and the Key Laboratory of Receptor
Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Stærk
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Berthelsen
- The
NNF Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej
3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Prætorius Clausen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Abstract
Transcription potential is determined by the accessibility of DNA sequences within the context of chromatin, which is coordinately controlled by various epigenetic modifications. Chemical inhibition of epigenetic regulators provides a quick and effective approach to investigate the roles of epigenetic modifications in controlling many biological processes, especially for species in which genetic information is limited. This mini-review provides a brief overview of epigenetic regulators in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana and summarizes compounds that have been applied in plant epigenetics studies, with highlights in the applications of these chemical probes in mechanistic and functional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Zhang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Bangshing Wang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Cheng-Guo Duan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology; Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai, PR China
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9
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Yost JM, Korboukh I, Liu F, Gao C, Jin J. Targets in epigenetics: inhibiting the methyl writers of the histone code. Curr Chem Genomics 2011; 5:72-84. [PMID: 21966347 PMCID: PMC3178896 DOI: 10.2174/1875397301005010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) and protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are associated with the development of various human diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and psychiatric disorders. Given the significant role of these proteins in human disease, efforts to discover selective small-molecule inhibitors of these enzymes are quickly gaining momentum. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in the discovery of selective PKMT and PRMT inhibitors. A future perspective on developing methyltransferase inhibitors is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian Jin
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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