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Li X, Ji S, Cipriani G, Hillestad ML, Eisenman ST, Barry MA, Nath KA, Linden DR, Wright A, AlAsfoor S, Grover M, Sha L, Hsi LC, Farrugia G. Adeno-associated virus-9 reverses delayed gastric emptying of solids in diabetic mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14669. [PMID: 37702100 PMCID: PMC10841310 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroparesis is defined by delayed gastric emptying (GE) without obstruction. Studies suggest targeting heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) may ameliorate diabetic gastroparesis. Upregulation of HO1 expression via interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the gastric muscularis propria is associated with reversal of delayed GE in diabetic NOD mice. IL-10 activates the M2 cytoprotective phenotype of macrophages and induces expression of HO1 protein. Here, we assess delivery of HO1 by recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) in diabetic mice with delayed GE. METHODS C57BL6 diabetic delayed GE mice were injected with 1 × 1012 vg scAAV9-cre, scAAV9-GFP, or scAAV9-HO1 particles. Changes to GE were assessed weekly utilizing our [13 C]-octanoic acid breath test. Stomach tissue was collected to assess the effect of scAAV9 treatment on Kit, NOS1, and HO1 expression. KEY RESULTS Delayed GE returned to normal within 2 weeks of treatment in 7/12 mice receiving scAAV9-cre and in 4/5 mice that received the scAAV9-GFP, whereas mice that received scAAV9-HO1 did not respond in the same manner and had GE that took significantly longer to return to normal (6/7 mice at 4-6 weeks). Kit, NOS1, and HO1 protein expression in scAAV9-GFP-treated mice with normal GE were not significantly different compared with diabetic mice with delayed GE. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Injection of scAAV9 into diabetic C57BL6 mice produced a biological response that resulted in acceleration of GE independently of the cargo delivered by the AAV9 vector. Further research is needed to determine whether use of AAV mediated gene transduction in the gastric muscularis propria is beneficial and warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Sihan Ji
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Gianluca Cipriani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA
| | | | - Seth T. Eisenman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael A. Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA
| | - Karl A. Nath
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA
| | - David R. Linden
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA
| | - Alec Wright
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shefaa AlAsfoor
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA
| | - Lei Sha
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Linda C. Hsi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mn, USA
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Wen L, Javed TA, Dobbs AK, Brown R, Niu M, Li L, Khalid A, Barakat MT, Xiao X, Yimlamai D, Konnikova L, Yu M, Byersdorfer CA, Husain SZ. The Protective Effects of Calcineurin on Pancreatitis in Mice Depend on the Cellular Source. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:1036-1050.e8. [PMID: 32445858 PMCID: PMC7502475 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Calcineurin is a ubiquitously expressed central Ca2+-responsive signaling molecule that mediates acute pancreatitis, but little is known about its effects. We compared the effects of calcineurin expression by hematopoietic cells vs pancreas in mouse models of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung inflammation. METHODS We performed studies with mice with hematopoietic-specific or pancreas-specific deletion of protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha isoform (PPP3R1, also called CNB1), in mice with deletion of CNB1 (Cnb1UBC△/△) and in the corresponding controls for each deletion of CNB1. Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by administration of caerulein or high-pressure infusion of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts; some mice were also given intraductal infusions of an adeno-associated virus vector that expressed nuclear factor of activated T -cells (NFAT)-luciferase into pancreas. Pancreas, bone marrow, liver, kidney, heart, and lung were collected and analyzed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblots; levels of cytokines were measured in serum. Mouse and human primary pancreatic acinar cells were transfected with a vector that expressed NFAT-luciferase and incubated with an agent that blocks interaction of NFAT with calcineurin; cells were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Calcineurin-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis and reactive oxygen species production were measured in neutrophils from mice. RESULTS Mice with hematopoietic-specific deletion of CNB1 developed the same level of local pancreatic inflammation as control mice after administration of caerulein or infusion of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts. Cnb1UBC△/△ mice or mice with pancreas-specific deletion of CNB1 developed less severe pancreatitis and reduced pancreatic inflammation after administration of caerulein or infusion of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts compared with control mice. NFAT was activated in pancreas of Swiss Webster mice given caerulein or infusions of radiocontrast into biliopancreatic ducts. Blocking the interaction between calcineurin and NFAT did not reduce pancreatic acinar cell necrosis in response to caerulein or infusions of radiocontrast. Mice with hematopoietic-specific deletion of CNB1 (but not mice with pancreas-specific deletion of CNB1) had reduced infiltration of lung tissues by neutrophils. Neutrophil chemotaxis and production of reactive oxygen species were decreased after incubation with a calcineurin inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Hematopoietic and neutrophil expression of calcineurin promotes pancreatitis-associated lung inflammation, whereas pancreatic calcineurin promotes local pancreatic inflammation. The findings indicate that the protective effects of blocking or deleting calcineurin on pancreatitis are mediated by the source of its expression. This information should be used in the development of strategies to inhibit calcineurin for the prevention of pancreatitis and pancreatitis-associated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tanveer A Javed
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea K Dobbs
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mengya Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Li
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Asna Khalid
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Monique T Barakat
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mang Yu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
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Albagli O, Maugein A, Huijbregts L, Bredel D, Carlier G, Martin P, Scharfmann R. New α- and SIN γ-retrovectors for safe transduction and specific transgene expression in pancreatic β cell lines. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:35. [PMID: 31208395 PMCID: PMC6580483 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral vectors are invaluable tools to transfer genes and/or regulatory sequences into differentiated cells such as pancreatic cells. To date, several kinds of viral vectors have been used to transduce different pancreatic cell types, including insulin-producing β cells. However, few studies have used vectors derived from « simple » retroviruses, such as avian α- or mouse γ-retroviruses, despite their high experimental convenience. Moreover, such vectors were never designed to specifically target transgene expression into β cells. RESULTS We here describe two novel α- or SIN (Self-Inactivating) γ-retrovectors containing the RIP (Rat Insulin Promoter) as internal promoter. These two retrovectors are easily produced in standard BSL2 conditions, rapidly concentrated if needed, and harbor a large multiple cloning site. For the SIN γ-retrovector, either the VSV-G (pantropic) or the retroviral ecotropic (rodent specific) envelope was used. For the α-retrovector, we used the A type envelope, as its receptor, termed TVA, is only naturally present in avian cells and can efficiently be provided to mammalian β cells through either exogenous expression upon cDNA transfer or gesicle-mediated delivery of the protein. As expected, the transgenes cloned into the two RIP-containing retrovectors displayed a strong preferential expression in β over non-β cells compared to transgenes cloned in their non-RIP (CMV- or LTR-) regulated counterparts. We further show that RIP activity of both retrovectors mirrored fluctuations affecting endogenous INSULIN gene expression in human β cells. Finally, both α- and SIN γ-retrovectors were extremely poorly mobilized by the BXV1 xenotropic retrovirus, a common invader of human cells grown in immunodeficient mice, and, most notably, of human β cell lines. CONCLUSION Our novel α- and SIN γ-retrovectors are safe and convenient tools to stably and specifically express transgene(s) in mammalian β cells. Moreover, they both reproduce some regulatory patterns affecting INSULIN gene expression. Thus, they provide a helpful tool to both study the genetic control of β cell function and monitor changes in their differentiation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Albagli
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Alicia Maugein
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Lukas Huijbregts
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bredel
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France.,Present Address: Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Immunothérapie, Institut Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Géraldine Carlier
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7277 INSERM U1099, iBV (Institut de Biologie Valrose), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Bâtiment Sciences Naturelles; UFR Sciences, Parc Valrose, 28, avenue Valrose, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Raphaël Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, 123 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014, Paris, France
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Guo P, Wiersch J, Xiao X, Gittes G. Simplified Purification of AAV and Delivery to the Pancreas by Intraductal Administration. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1950:373-387. [PMID: 30783986 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9139-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation is a very powerful tool for studying diabetes, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer. Here we discuss the use of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to modify gene expression, such as to introduce a green fluorescence protein (GFP) in wild-type mice, cre recombinase in loxP mice, or to inactivate a gene with shRNA. The use of viruses for genetic modification allows for time-specific genetic changes which have advantages over time-consuming and often complex cross-breeding strategies. Here we provide a detailed approach for this process from viral production and purification through pancreatic ductal infusion. Our protocol allows efficient delivery of AAV to mediate GFP or cre expression for cell lineage tracing in the mouse pancreas or for the delivery of transgenes under a specific promoter to these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Guo
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - John Wiersch
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- University of Pittsburgh/Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George Gittes
- University of Pittsburgh/Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Bacillus subtilis CFR5 isolated from fermented soybean attenuates the chronic pancreatitis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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6
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Wang W, Yang C, Lin S, Vellaisamy K, Li G, Tan W, Leung CH, Ma DL. First Synthesis of an Oridonin-Conjugated Iridium(III) Complex for the Intracellular Tracking of NF-κB in Living Cells. Chemistry 2017; 23:4929-4935. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong; Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao P. R. China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong; Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Kasipandi Vellaisamy
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong; Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao P. R. China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Shands Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute; McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville USA
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory; State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology; Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering and Theranostics; Hunan University; Changsha P. R. China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao P. R. China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry; Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong; Hong Kong P. R. China
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7
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Orabi AI, Wen L, Javed TA, Le T, Guo P, Sanker S, Ricks D, Boggs K, Eisses JF, Castro C, Xiao X, Prasadan K, Esni F, Gittes GK, Husain SZ. Targeted inhibition of pancreatic acinar cell calcineurin is a novel strategy to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 3:119-128. [PMID: 28090570 PMCID: PMC5235344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a pressing need to develop effective preventative therapies for post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). We demonstrated that early PEP events are induced through the calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin and that global calcineurin deletion abolishes PEP in mice. A crucial question is whether acinar cell calcineurin controls the initiation of PEP in vivo. METHODS We used a mouse model of PEP and examined the effects of in vivo acinar cell-specific calcineurin deletion by either generating a conditional knockout line or infusing a novel AAV-Ela-iCre into the pancreatic duct of a calcineurin floxed line. RESULTS We found that PEP is dependent on acinar cell calcineurin in vivo, and this led us to determine that calcineurin inhibitors, infused within the radiocontrast, can largely prevent PEP. CONCLUSIONS These results provide impetus for launching clinical trials to test the efficacy of intraductal calcineurin inhibitors to prevent PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrahim I. Orabi
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanveer A. Javed
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tianming Le
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Subramaniam Sanker
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Ricks
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristy Boggs
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John F. Eisses
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Castro
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - George K. Gittes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Department of Pediatric GI, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Sohail Z. Husain, MD, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Rangos Research Center, 4401 Penn Avenue, Room 7123, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224. fax: (412) 692-8907.Children’s Hospital of PittsburghRangos Research Center4401 Penn Avenue, Room 7123PittsburghPennsylvania 15224
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8
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Adams ST, Mofford DM, Reddy GSKK, Miller SC. Firefly Luciferase Mutants Allow Substrate-Selective Bioluminescence Imaging in the Mouse Brain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4943-6. [PMID: 26991209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging is a powerful approach for visualizing specific events occurring inside live mice. Animals can be made to glow in response to the expression of a gene, the activity of an enzyme, or the growth of a tumor. But bioluminescence requires the interaction of a luciferase enzyme with a small-molecule luciferin, and its scope has been limited by the mere handful of natural combinations. Herein, we show that mutants of firefly luciferase can discriminate between natural and synthetic substrates in the brains of live mice. When using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to express luciferases in the brain, we found that mutant luciferases that are inactive or weakly active with d-luciferin can light up brightly when treated with the aminoluciferins CycLuc1 and CycLuc2 or their respective FAAH-sensitive luciferin amides. Further development of selective luciferases promises to expand the power of bioluminescence and allow multiple events to be imaged in the same live animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer T Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - David M Mofford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - G S Kiran Kumar Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Stephen C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation St, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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9
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Adams ST, Mofford DM, Reddy GSKK, Miller SC. Firefly Luciferase Mutants Allow Substrate-Selective Bioluminescence Imaging in the Mouse Brain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer T. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; University of Massachusetts Medical School; 364 Plantation St Worcester MA 01605 USA
| | - David M. Mofford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; University of Massachusetts Medical School; 364 Plantation St Worcester MA 01605 USA
| | - G. S. Kiran Kumar Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; University of Massachusetts Medical School; 364 Plantation St Worcester MA 01605 USA
| | - Stephen C. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology; University of Massachusetts Medical School; 364 Plantation St Worcester MA 01605 USA
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10
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 inhibits gastric cancer cell invasion via matrix metalloproteinase 7. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5225-30. [PMID: 26553362 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) is a mitochondrial NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and has been found to be a tumor suppressor in several types of tumors. However, the roles of IDH2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (GC) as well as underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, the IDH2 and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) levels in the specimens from 30 GC patients were investigated by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Their relationship was examined by correlation analyses. Patient survival with high IDH2 levels and low IDH2 levels was compared. IDH2 levels, and MMP7 levels were modified in a human GC cell line. The effects of IDH2 or MMP7 modulation on the expression of each other were analyzed. The dependence of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling was examined using a specific inhibitor. We found that the IDH2 levels significantly decreased in GC, and were even lower in GC with metastases, compared to those without metastases. IDH2 levels inversely correlated with MMP7 levels in GC. GC patients with low IDH2 had lower 5-year survival. MMP7 levels did not regulate IDH2 levels, while IDH2 inhibited MMP7 levels in GC cells, in a NF-κB signaling dependent manner. Together, these data suggest that IDH2 may be a tumor suppressor in that its loss may promote malignant progression of GC via NF-κB-dependent increases in MMP7 activity.
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11
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Jin S, Orabi AI, Le T, Javed TA, Sah S, Eisses JF, Bottino R, Molkentin JD, Husain SZ. Exposure to Radiocontrast Agents Induces Pancreatic Inflammation by Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB, Calcium Signaling, and Calcineurin. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:753-64.e11. [PMID: 25980752 PMCID: PMC4550538 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Radiocontrast agents are required for radiographic procedures, but these agents can injure tissues by unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether exposure of pancreatic tissues to radiocontrast agents during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) causes pancreatic inflammation, and studied the effects of these agents on human cell lines and in mice. METHODS We exposed mouse and human acinar cells to the radiocontrast agent iohexol (Omnipaque; GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ) and measured intracellular release of Ca(2+), calcineurin activation (using a luciferase reporter), activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB, using a luciferase reporter), and cell necrosis (via propidium iodide uptake). We infused the radiocontrast agent into the pancreatic ducts of wild-type mice (C57BL/6) to create a mouse model of post-ERCP pancreatitis; some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 before and after infusion of the radiocontrast agent. CnAβ(-/-) mice also were used. This experiment also was performed in mice given infusions of adeno-associated virus 6-NF-κB-luciferase, to assess activation of this transcription factor in vivo. RESULTS Incubation of mouse and human acinar cells, but not HEK293 or COS7 cells, with iohexol led to a peak and then plateau in Ca(2+) signaling, along with activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells. Suppressing Ca(2+) signaling or calcineurin with BAPTA, cyclosporine A, or FK506 prevented activation of NF-κB and acinar cell injury. Calcineurin Aβ-deficient mice were protected against induction of pancreatic inflammation by iohexol. The calcineurin inhibitor FK506 prevented contrast-induced activation of NF-κB in pancreata of mice, this was observed by live imaging of mice given infusions of adeno-associated virus 6-NF-κB-luciferase. CONCLUSIONS Radiocontrast agents cause pancreatic inflammation in mice, via activation of NF-κB, Ca(2+) signaling, and calcineurin. Calcineurin inhibitors might be developed to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunqian Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Abrahim I. Orabi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Tianming Le
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Tanveer A. Javed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Swati Sah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - John F. Eisses
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, 15212
| | - Jeffery D. Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224
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12
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Littlejohn GO. Fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome in the workplace. J Biol Chem 1989; 290:28286-28298. [PMID: 2644678 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.683813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent major epidemic of localized fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome occurring in the workplaces of Australia is reviewed. The clinical features are described and the important provoking factors are detailed. A neurogenic model is proposed to explain this localized phenomena and also encompass primary generalized fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Littlejohn
- Rheumatology Unit, Prince Henry's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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