1
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Dasari AKR, Coats MF, Ali AB, Lim KH. Identification of the interfacial regions in misfolded transthyretin oligomers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2024; 1872:141027. [PMID: 38796131 PMCID: PMC11283945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2024.141027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of transthyretin (TTR) is associated with numerous ATTR amyloidosis. TTR aggregates extracted from ATTR patients consist of not only full-length TTR, but also N-terminally truncated TTR fragments that can be produced by proteolytic cleavage, suggesting the presence of multiple misfolding pathways. Here, we report mechanistic studies of an early stage of TTR aggregation to probe the oligomerization process for the full-length as well as N-terminally truncated TTR. Our kinetic analyses using size exclusion chromatography revealed that amyloidogenic monomers dissociated from wild-type (WT) as well as pathogenic variants (V30M and L55P) form misfolded dimers, which self-assemble into oligomers, precursors of fibril formation. Dimeric interfaces in the full-length misfolded oligomers were investigated by examining the effect of single-point mutations on the two β-strands (F and H). The single-point mutations on the two β-strands (E92P on strand F and T119W on strand H) inhibited the dimerization of misfolded monomers, while the TTR variants can still form native dimers through the same F and H strands. These results suggest that the two strands are involved in intermolecular associations for both native and misfolded dimers, but detailed intermolecular interactions are different in the two forms of dimers. In the presence of a proteolytic enzyme, TTR aggregation is greatly accelerated. The two mutations on the two β-strands, however, inhibited TTR aggregation even in the presence of a proteolytic enzyme, trypsin. These results suggest that the two β-strands (F and H) play a critical role in aggregation of the N-terminally truncated TTR as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvesh K R Dasari
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Matthew F Coats
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | | | - Kwang Hun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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2
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Leach BI, Ferguson JA, Morgan G, Sun X, Kroon G, Oyen D, Dyson HJ, Wright PE. Conformational Dynamics of an Amyloidogenic Intermediate of Transthyretin: Implications for Structural Remodeling and Amyloid Formation. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168673. [PMID: 38909653 PMCID: PMC11410348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation pathway of transthyretin (TTR) proceeds through rate-limiting dissociation of the tetramer (a dimer of dimers) and partial misfolding of the resulting monomer, which assembles into amyloid structures through a downhill polymerization mechanism. The structural features of the aggregation-prone monomeric intermediate are poorly understood. NMR relaxation dispersion offers a unique opportunity to characterize amyloidogenic intermediates when they exchange on favorable timescales with NMR-visible ground states. Here we use NMR to characterize the structure and conformational dynamics of the monomeric F87E mutant of human TTR. Chemical shifts derived from analysis of multinuclear relaxation dispersion data provide insights into the structure of a low-lying excited state that exchanges with the ground state of the F87E monomer at a rate of 3800 s-1. Disruption of the subunit interfaces of the TTR tetramer leads to destabilization of edge strands in both β-sheets of the F87E monomer. Conformational fluctuations are propagated through the entire hydrogen bonding network of the DAGH β-sheet, from the inner β-strand H, which forms the strong dimer-dimer interface in the TTR tetramer, to outer strand D which is unfolded in TTR fibrils. Fluctuations are also propagated from the AB loop in the weak dimer-dimer interface to the EF helix, which undergoes structural remodeling in fibrils. The conformational fluctuations in both regions are enhanced at acidic pH where amyloid formation is most favorable. The relaxation dispersion data provide insights into the conformational dynamics of the amyloidogenic state of monomeric TTR that predispose it for structural remodeling and progression to amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Leach
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James A Ferguson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gareth Morgan
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gerard Kroon
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Oyen
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - H Jane Dyson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter E Wright
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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3
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Nguyen BA, Singh V, Afrin S, Singh P, Pekala M, Ahmed Y, Pedretti R, Canepa J, Lemoff A, Kluve-Beckerman B, Wydorski PM, Chhapra F, Saelices L. Cryo-EM confirms a common fibril fold in the heart of four patients with ATTRwt amyloidosis. Commun Biol 2024; 7:905. [PMID: 39068302 PMCID: PMC11283564 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
ATTR amyloidosis results from the conversion of transthyretin into amyloid fibrils that deposit in tissues causing organ failure and death. This conversion is facilitated by mutations in ATTRv amyloidosis, or aging in ATTRwt amyloidosis. ATTRv amyloidosis exhibits extreme phenotypic variability, whereas ATTRwt amyloidosis presentation is consistent and predictable. Previously, we found unique structural variabilities in cardiac amyloid fibrils from polyneuropathic ATTRv-I84S patients. In contrast, cardiac fibrils from five genotypically different patients with cardiomyopathy or mixed phenotypes are structurally homogeneous. To understand fibril structure's impact on phenotype, it is necessary to study the fibrils from multiple patients sharing genotype and phenotype. Here we show the cryo-electron microscopy structures of fibrils extracted from four cardiomyopathic ATTRwt amyloidosis patients. Our study confirms that they share identical conformations with minimal structural variability, consistent with their homogenous clinical presentation. Our study contributes to the understanding of ATTR amyloidosis biopathology and calls for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh An Nguyen
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virender Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Preeti Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maja Pekala
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yasmin Ahmed
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Canepa
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Kluve-Beckerman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pawel M Wydorski
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Farzeen Chhapra
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
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4
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Almeida ZL, Vaz DC, Brito RMM. Transthyretin mutagenesis: impact on amyloidogenesis and disease. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38850014 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2350379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric protein found in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and the eye, plays a pivotal role in the onset of several amyloid diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Protein aggregation and fibril formation by wild-type TTR and its natural more amyloidogenic variants are hallmarks of ATTRwt and ATTRv amyloidosis, respectively. The formation of soluble amyloid aggregates and the accumulation of insoluble amyloid fibrils and deposits in multiple tissues can lead to organ dysfunction and cell death. The most frequent manifestations of ATTR are polyneuropathies and cardiomyopathies. However, clinical manifestations such as carpal tunnel syndrome, leptomeningeal, and ocular amyloidosis, among several others may also occur. This review provides an up-to-date listing of all single amino-acid mutations in TTR known to date. Of approximately 220 single-point mutations, 93% are considered pathogenic. Aspartic acid is the residue mutated with the highest frequency, whereas tryptophan is highly conserved. "Hot spot" mutation regions are mainly assigned to β-strands B, C, and D. This manuscript also reviews the protein aggregation models that have been proposed for TTR amyloid fibril formation and the transient conformational states that convert native TTR into aggregation-prone molecular species. Finally, it compiles the various in vitro TTR aggregation protocols currently in use for research and drug development purposes. In short, this article reviews and discusses TTR mutagenesis and amyloidogenesis, and their implications in disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida L Almeida
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela C Vaz
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- LSRE-LCM - Leiria, Portugal & ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M M Brito
- Chemistry Department and Coimbra Chemistry Centre - Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Pedretti R, Wang L, Hanna M, Benson M, Grodin JL, Tang WHW, Masri A, Saelices L. Detection of Circulating Transthyretin Amyloid Aggregates in Plasma: A Novel Biomarker for Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Circulation 2024; 149:1696-1699. [PMID: 38768274 PMCID: PMC11107565 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lanie Wang
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mazen Hanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Merrill Benson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Justin L Grodin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - WH Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ahmad Masri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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6
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Liang L, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Bai J, Ni Y, Wan J, Yue H, Zhao Q, Li H. Structures and Dynamics of β-Rich Oligomers of ATTR (105-115) Assembly. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1356-1365. [PMID: 38483181 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric homologous protein that can dissociate into monomers. Misfolding and aggregation of TTR can lead to amyloid transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), which can cause many diseases (e.g., senile systemic amyloidosis, familial amyloid cardiomyopathy, and familial amyloid polyneuropathy). Despite growing evidence indicating that small oligomers play a critical role in regulating cytotoxicity, the structures of these oligomeric intermediates and their conformational transformations are still unclear, impeding our understanding of neurodegenerative mechanisms and the development of therapeutics targeting early aggregation species. The TTR monomer protein consists of various fragments prone to self-aggregation, including the residue 105-115 sequence. Therefore, our study investigated the assembly progress of ATTR (105-115) peptides using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The findings indicate that the probability of β-sheet content increases with increasing numbers of peptides. Additionally, interactions between hydrophobic residues L110 and L111 are crucial for the formation of a β-rich oligomer formation. These β-rich oligomers may adopt β-barrel conformations, potentially toxic oligomer species. Free-energy analysis reveals that β-barrel conformations serve as intermediates for these β-rich oligomers. Our insights into the structural ensemble dynamics of ATTR (105-115) contribute to understanding the physical mechanisms underlying the β-barrel oligomers of ATTR. These findings may shed light on the pathological role of ATTR in neurodegenerative diseases and offer potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Liang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Juxia Bai
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yangyang Ni
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Junfeng Wan
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Haiyan Yue
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Department of Gastroenterology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingjie Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiyu Li
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
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7
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Grelich-Mucha M, Bachelart T, Torbeev V, Ożga K, Berlicki Ł, Olesiak-Bańska J. Amyloid engineering - how terminal capping modifies morphology and secondary structure of supramolecular peptide aggregates. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1590-1602. [PMID: 38323504 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01641b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The effects of peptide N- and C-termini on aggregation behavior have been scarcely studied. Herein, we examine (105-115) peptide fragments of transthyretin (TTR) containing various functional groups at both termini and study their impact on the morphology and the secondary structure. We synthesized TTR(105-115) peptides functionalized with α-amino (H-), N-acetyl-α-amino (Ac-) or N,N-dimethyl-α-amino (DiMe-) groups at the N-terminus, and with amide (-NH2) or carboxyl (-OH) functions at the C-terminus. We also investigated quasi-racemic mixtures by mixing the L-enantiomers with the D-enantiomer capped by H- and -NH2 groups. We observed that fibril formation is promoted by the sufficient number of hydrogen bonds at peptides' termini. Moreover, the final morphology of the aggregates can be controlled by the functional groups at the N-terminus. Remarkably, all quasi-racemic mixtures resulted in the robust formation of fibrils. Overall, this work illustrates how modifications of peptide termini may help to engineer supramolecular aggregates with a predicted morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Grelich-Mucha
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Thomas Bachelart
- École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (ESBS), CNRS UMR 7242 Biotechnology and Cellular Signalling, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg (ESBS), CNRS UMR 7242 Biotechnology and Cellular Signalling, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Katarzyna Ożga
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Olesiak-Bańska
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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8
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Nguyen BA, Singh V, Afrin S, Singh P, Pekala M, Ahmed Y, Pedretti R, Canepa J, Lemoff A, Kluve-Beckerman B, Wydorski P, Chhapra F, Saelices L. Cryo-EM confirms a common fibril fold in the heart of four patients with ATTRwt amyloidosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.582936. [PMID: 38496656 PMCID: PMC10942412 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.582936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
ATTR amyloidosis results from the conversion of transthyretin into amyloid fibrils that deposit in tissues causing organ failure and death. This conversion is facilitated by mutations in ATTRv amyloidosis, or aging in ATTRwt amyloidosis. ATTRv amyloidosis exhibits extreme phenotypic variability, whereas ATTRwt amyloidosis presentation is consistent and predictable. Previously, we found an unprecedented structural variability in cardiac amyloid fibrils from polyneuropathic ATTRv-I84S patients. In contrast, cardiac fibrils from five genotypically-different patients with cardiomyopathy or mixed phenotypes are structurally homogeneous. To understand fibril structure's impact on phenotype, it is necessary to study the fibrils from multiple patients sharing genotype and phenotype. Here we show the cryo-electron microscopy structures of fibrils extracted from four cardiomyopathic ATTRwt amyloidosis patients. Our study confirms that they share identical conformations with minimal structural variability, consistent with their homogenous clinical presentation. Our study contributes to the understanding of ATTR amyloidosis biopathology and calls for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh An Nguyen
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virender Singh
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Preeti Singh
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maja Pekala
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yasmin Ahmed
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Canepa
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Kluve-Beckerman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pawel Wydorski
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Farzeen Chhapra
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
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9
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Nguyen BA, Singh V, Afrin S, Yakubovska A, Wang L, Ahmed Y, Pedretti R, Fernandez-Ramirez MDC, Singh P, Pękała M, Cabrera Hernandez LO, Kumar S, Lemoff A, Gonzalez-Prieto R, Sawaya MR, Eisenberg DS, Benson MD, Saelices L. Structural polymorphism of amyloid fibrils in ATTR amyloidosis revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:581. [PMID: 38233397 PMCID: PMC10794703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ATTR amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of transthyretin in the form of amyloid fibrils in virtually every organ of the body, including the heart. This systemic deposition leads to a phenotypic variability that has not been molecularly explained yet. In brain amyloid conditions, previous studies suggest an association between clinical phenotype and the molecular structures of their amyloid fibrils. Here we investigate whether there is such an association in ATTRv amyloidosis patients carrying the mutation I84S. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of cardiac fibrils extracted from three ATTR amyloidosis patients carrying the ATTRv-I84S mutation, associated with a consistent clinical phenotype. We found that in each ATTRv-I84S patient, the cardiac fibrils exhibited different local conformations, and these variations can co-exist within the same fibril. Our finding suggests that one amyloid disease may associate with multiple fibril structures in systemic amyloidoses, calling for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh An Nguyen
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Virender Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anna Yakubovska
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lanie Wang
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yasmin Ahmed
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rose Pedretti
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maria Del Carmen Fernandez-Ramirez
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Preeti Singh
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maja Pękała
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luis O Cabrera Hernandez
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Siddharth Kumar
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roman Gonzalez-Prieto
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad-Pablo de Olavide, Departmento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael R Sawaya
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David S Eisenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Merrill Douglas Benson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
- Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
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10
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Jain H, Reddy MMRK, Dey RC, Jain J, Shakhatreh Z, Manandhar S, Neupane P, Waleed MS, Yadav R, Sah BK, Mahawa R. Exploring Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review of the Disease and Upcoming Treatments. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102057. [PMID: 37640179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a mutation-based genetic disorder due to the accumulation of unstable transthyretin protein and presents with symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) and numerous extracardiac symptoms like carpal tunnel syndrome and neuropathy. Two subtypes of ATTR-CM are hereditary and wild-type, both of which have different risk factors, gender prevalence and major clinical symptoms. Timely usage of imaging modalities like echocardiography, cardiac magnetic imaging resonance, and cardiac scintigraphy has made it possible to suspect ATTR-CM in patients presenting with CHF. Management of ATTR-CM includes appropriate treatment for heart failure for symptomatic relief, prevention of arrhythmias and heart transplantation for nonresponders. With the recent approval of tafamidis in the successful management of ATTR-CM, numerous potential therapeutic points have been identified to stop or delay the progression of ATTR-CM. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of ATTR-CM and insights into its novel therapeutics and upcoming treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hritvik Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
| | | | - Rohit Chandra Dey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Jyoti Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Zaid Shakhatreh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sarbagya Manandhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Purushottam Neupane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rukesh Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Nepal
| | - Biki Kumar Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Rukam Mahawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India
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11
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Pinheiro F, Varejão N, Sánchez-Morales A, Bezerra F, Navarro S, Velázquez-Campoy A, Busqué F, Almeida MR, Alibés R, Reverter D, Pallarès I, Ventura S. PITB: A high affinity transthyretin aggregation inhibitor with optimal pharmacokinetic properties. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115837. [PMID: 37837673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of wild-type transthyretin (TTR) and over 130 genetic TTR variants underlies a group of lethal disorders named TTR amyloidosis (ATTR). TTR chemical chaperones are molecules that hold great promise to modify the course of ATTR progression. In previous studies, we combined rational design and molecular dynamics simulations to generate a series of TTR selective kinetic stabilizers displaying exceptionally high affinities. In an effort to endorse the previously developed molecules with optimal pharmacokinetic properties, we conducted structural design optimization, leading to the development of PITB. PITB binds with high affinity to TTR, effectively inhibiting tetramer dissociation and aggregation of both the wild-type protein and the two most prevalent disease-associated TTR variants. Importantly, PITB selectively binds and stabilizes TTR in plasma, outperforming tolcapone, a drug currently undergoing clinical trials for ATTR. Pharmacokinetic studies conducted on mice confirmed that PITB exhibits encouraging pharmacokinetic properties, as originally intended. Furthermore, PITB demonstrates excellent oral bioavailability and lack of toxicity. These combined attributes position PITB as a lead compound for future clinical trials as a disease-modifying therapy for ATTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Pinheiro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Nathalia Varejão
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Adrià Sánchez-Morales
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Filipa Bezerra
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susanna Navarro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, and Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Aragon Institute for Health Research, Zaragoza (Spain) and Biomedical Research Network Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Busqué
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia Molecular, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ramon Alibés
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - David Reverter
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Irantzu Pallarès
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain; ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, E-08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Fernández Ramírez MDC, Afrin S, Saelices L. Conformational inhibitors of protein aggregation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 83:102700. [PMID: 37717490 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidoses are fatal conditions associated with the aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils that deposit systemically and/or locally. Possibly because the causal mechanism of protein aggregation and deposition is not fully understood, this group of diseases remains uncurable. Advances in structural biology, such as the use of nuclear magnetic resonance and cryo-electron microscopy, have enabled the study of the structures and the conformational nature of the proteins whose aggregation is associated with the underlying pathogenesis of amyloidosis. As a result, the last years of research have translated into the development of directed therapeutic strategies that target the specific conformations of precursors, fibrils, and intermediary species. Current efforts include the use of small molecules, peptides, and antibodies. This review summarizes the recent progress in developing strategies that target specific protein conformations for the treatment of amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen Fernández Ramírez
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA. https://twitter.com/FernandezR_MC
| | - Shumaila Afrin
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA. https://twitter.com/Shumyla44
| | - Lorena Saelices
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biophysics, Peter O'Donnell Jr Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW), Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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Zhou J, Li Y, Geng J, Zhou H, Liu L, Peng X. Recent Progress in the Development and Clinical Application of New Drugs for Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 82:427-437. [PMID: 37678276 PMCID: PMC10691666 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transthyretincardiac amyloidosis is a rare disease that has gained significant attention in recent years because of misfolding of transthyretin fibrils produced by the liver, leading to their deposition in the myocardium. The disease has an insidious onset, nonspecific clinical manifestations, and historically lacked effective drugs, making early diagnosis and treatment challenging. The survival time of patients largely depends on the extent of heart involvement at the time of diagnosis, and conventional treatments for cardiovascular disease do not provide significant benefits. Effective management of the disease requires treatment of its underlying cause. Orthotopic liver transplantation and combined hepato-heart transplantation have been clinically effective means of treating transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis mutants for many years. However, transplantation has many limitations in clinical practice. In recent years, the development of new drugs has brought new hope to patients. This review presents the latest advances in drug development and clinical application to provide a reference for clinicians managing transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Medical, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Medical, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Medical, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China; and
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023 Hubei, China
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14
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Hendricks-Sturrup RM, Edgar LM, Lu CY. Leveraging stories of cardiac amyloidosis patients of African ancestry or descent to support patient-derived data elements for efficient diagnosis and treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1276396. [PMID: 38074115 PMCID: PMC10704161 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1276396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachele M. Hendricks-Sturrup
- National Alliance Against Disparities in Patient Health, Woodbridge, VA, United States
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Lauren M. Edgar
- Southern Nevada Black Nurses Association, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Christine Y. Lu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and the Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Kim B, Ko YH, Si J, Na J, Ortore G, Chiellini G, Kim JH. Thyroxine metabolite-derived 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and synthetic analogs as efficient suppressors of transthyretin amyloidosis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4717-4728. [PMID: 37822560 PMCID: PMC10562617 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation and fibrillization of transthyretin (TTR) is a fatal pathogenic process that can cause cardiomyopathic and polyneuropathic diseases in humans. Although several therapeutic strategies have been designed to prevent and treat related pathological events, there is still an urgent need to develop better strategies to improve potency and wider applicability. Here, we present our study demonstrating that 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and selected thyronamine-like compounds can effectively prevent TTR aggregation. T1AM is one of the thyroid hormone (TH) metabolites, and T1AM and its analogs, such as SG2, SG6, and SG12, are notable molecules for their beneficial activities against metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and biochemical analysis, we confirmed that T1AM analogs could bind to and suppress acid-induced aggregation of TTR. In addition, we employed computational approaches to further understand the detailed mechanisms of the interaction between T1AM analogs and TTR. This study demonstrates that T1AM analogs, whose beneficial effects against several pathological processes have already been proven, may have additional benefits against TTR aggregation and fibrillization. Moreover, we believe that our work provides invaluable insights to enhance the pleiotropic activity of T1AM and structurally related analogs, relevant for their therapeutic potential, with particular reference to the ability to prevent TTR aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Ko
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbeom Si
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbum Na
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jin Hae Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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16
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Ruiz-Solaní N, Salguero-Linares J, Armengot L, Santos J, Pallarès I, van Midden KP, Phukkan UJ, Koyuncu S, Borràs-Bisa J, Li L, Popa C, Eisele F, Eisele-Bürger AM, Hill SM, Gutiérrez-Beltrán E, Nyström T, Valls M, Llamas E, Vilchez D, Klemenčič M, Ventura S, Coll NS. Arabidopsis metacaspase MC1 localizes in stress granules, clears protein aggregates, and delays senescence. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3325-3344. [PMID: 37401663 PMCID: PMC10473220 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are highly conserved cytoplasmic condensates that assemble in response to stress and contribute to maintaining protein homeostasis. These membraneless organelles are dynamic, disassembling once the stress is no longer present. Persistence of SGs due to mutations or chronic stress has been often related to age-dependent protein-misfolding diseases in animals. Here, we find that the metacaspase MC1 is dynamically recruited into SGs upon proteotoxic stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Two predicted disordered regions, the prodomain and the 360 loop, mediate MC1 recruitment to and release from SGs. Importantly, we show that MC1 has the capacity to clear toxic protein aggregates in vivo and in vitro, acting as a disaggregase. Finally, we demonstrate that overexpressing MC1 delays senescence and this phenotype is dependent on the presence of the 360 loop and an intact catalytic domain. Together, our data indicate that MC1 regulates senescence through its recruitment into SGs and this function could potentially be linked to its remarkable protein aggregate-clearing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Ruiz-Solaní
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jose Salguero-Linares
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Laia Armengot
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jaime Santos
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Irantzu Pallarès
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Katarina P van Midden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Ujjal J Phukkan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Seda Koyuncu
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Júlia Borràs-Bisa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Liang Li
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Crina Popa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Frederik Eisele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Anna Maria Eisele-Bürger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Sandra Malgrem Hill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Emilio Gutiérrez-Beltrán
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ernesto Llamas
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Marina Klemenčič
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona 08001, Spain
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17
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Medarametla GD, Kahlon RS, Mahitha L, Shariff S, Vakkalagadda NP, Chopra H, Kamal MA, Patel N, Sethi Y, Kaka N. Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving pathogenesis, multimodal diagnostics, and principles of treatment. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:781-808. [PMID: 37720240 PMCID: PMC10502203 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a protein deposition disorder in which insoluble fibril structures accumulate in the bodily tissues damaging the organ function. Cardiac amyloidosis is a severe but under-reported medical condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid in the extracellular area of the myocardium, which results in thickening and stiffening of ventricular walls. Cardiac amyloidosis has recently gained much attention with its slowly surging incidence. With this study, we seek to comprehensively compile the pathophysiology and clinical picture of cardiac amyloidosis subtypes, extending a clinically oriented, up-to-date clinical approach to diagnosis and therapy. Cardiac amyloidosis can be caused by rare genetic mutations which may be inherited or acquired. The growing incidence can be attributed to advancements in imaging methods and other diagnostic modalities. Most occurrences of cardiac amyloidosis result from two forms of precursor protein: transthyretin [TTR] amyloid and immunoglobulin-derived light-chain amyloid. Prompt identification of cardiac amyloidosis can facilitate the implementation of evolving therapeutic interventions to enhance the outcomes. The modalities for the management of CA have evolved significantly in the last ten years. Apart from therapies for modifying disease and heart failure, a myriad of novel therapeutic approaches that target specific aspects of the disease, including gene therapies, are being researched. These aim at impeding its progression and improving clinical outcomes. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lampimukhi Mahitha
- Pear Research, Dehradun, India
- Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sanobar Shariff
- Pear Research, Dehradun, India
- Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-602105, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Bangladesh
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Neil Patel
- Pear Research, Dehradun, India
- GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- Pear Research, Dehradun, India
- Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nirja Kaka
- Pear Research, Dehradun, India
- GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India
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18
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Chandrasekhar G, Pengyong H, Pravallika G, Hailei L, Caixia X, Rajasekaran R. Defensin-based therapeutic peptide design in attenuating V30M TTR-induced Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:227. [PMID: 37304406 PMCID: PMC10250285 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to formulate an effective therapeutic candidate against V30M mutant transthyretin (TTR) protein to hinder its pathogenic misfolding. Nicotiana alata Defensin 1 (NaD1) Antimicrobial Peptide (AMP) was availed due to its tendency to aggregate, which may compete for aggregation-prone regions of pathogenic TTR protein. Based on NaD1's potential to bind to V30M TTR, we proposed NaD1-derived tetra peptides: CKTE and SKIL to be initial therapeutic candidates. Based on their association with mutant TTR protein, CKTE tetra peptide showed considerable interaction and curative potential as compared to SKIL tetra peptide. Further analyses from discrete molecular dynamics simulation corroborate CKTE tetra peptide's effectiveness as a 'beta-sheet breaker' against V30M TTR. Various post-simulation trajectory analyses suggested that CKTE tetra peptide alters the structural dynamics of pathogenic V30M TTR protein, thereby potentially attenuating its beta-sheets and impeding its aggregation. Normal mode analysis simulation corroborated that V30M TTR conformation is altered upon its interaction with CKTE peptide. Moreover, simulated thermal denaturation findings suggested that CKTE-V30M TTR complex is more susceptible to simulated denaturation, relative to pathogenic V30M TTR; further substantiating CKTE peptide's potential to alter V30M TTR's pathogenic conformation. Moreover, the residual frustration analysis augmented CKTE tetra peptide's proclivity in reorienting the conformation of V30M TTR. Therefore, we predicted that the tetra peptide, CKTE could be a promising therapeutic candidate in mitigating the amyloidogenic detrimental effects of V30M TTR-mediated familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03646-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Chandrasekhar
- Quantitative Biology Lab, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT, Deemed to Be University), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - H. Pengyong
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000 China
| | - G. Pravallika
- Quantitative Biology Lab, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT, Deemed to Be University), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - L. Hailei
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000 China
| | - X. Caixia
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000 China
| | - R. Rajasekaran
- Quantitative Biology Lab, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT, Deemed to Be University), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
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19
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Hnath B, Chen J, Reynolds J, Choi E, Wang J, Zhang D, Sha CM, Dokholyan NV. Big versus small: The impact of aggregate size in disease. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4686. [PMID: 37243896 PMCID: PMC10273386 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation results in an array of different size soluble oligomers and larger insoluble fibrils. Insoluble fibrils were originally thought to cause neuronal cell deaths in neurodegenerative diseases due to their prevalence in tissue samples and disease models. Despite recent studies demonstrating the toxicity associated with soluble oligomers, many therapeutic strategies still focus on fibrils or consider all types of aggregates as one group. Oligomers and fibrils require different modeling and therapeutic strategies, targeting the toxic species is crucial for successful study and therapeutic development. Here, we review the role of different-size aggregates in disease, and how factors contributing to aggregation (mutations, metals, post-translational modifications, and lipid interactions) may promote oligomers opposed to fibrils. We review two different computational modeling strategies (molecular dynamics and kinetic modeling) and how they are used to model both oligomers and fibrils. Finally, we outline the current therapeutic strategies targeting aggregating proteins and their strengths and weaknesses for targeting oligomers versus fibrils. Altogether, we aim to highlight the importance of distinguishing the difference between oligomers and fibrils and determining which species is toxic when modeling and creating therapeutics for protein aggregation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Hnath
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joshua Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Esther Choi
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Congzhou M. Sha
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Engineering Science and MechanicsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of ChemistryPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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20
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Chen SY, Zacharias M. What Makes a Good Protein-Protein Interaction Stabilizer: Analysis and Application of the Dual-Binding Mechanism. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:969-979. [PMID: 37252344 PMCID: PMC10214505 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential for biological processes including immune reactions and diseases. Inhibition of PPIs by drug-like compounds is a common basis for therapeutic approaches. In many cases the flat interface of PP complexes prevents discovery of specific compound binding to cavities on one partner and PPI inhibition. However, frequently new pockets are formed at the PP interface that allow accommodation of stabilizers which is often as desirable as inhibition but a much less explored alternative strategy. Herein, we employ molecular dynamics simulations and pocket detection to investigate 18 known stabilizers and associated PP complexes. For most cases, we find that a dual-binding mechanism, a similar stabilizer interaction strength with each protein partner, is an important prerequisite for effective stabilization. A few stabilizers follow an allosteric mechanism by stabilizing the protein bound structure and/or increase the PPI indirectly. On 226 protein-protein complexes, we find in >75% of the cases interface cavities suitable for binding of drug-like compounds. We propose a computational compound identification workflow that exploits new PP interface cavities and optimizes the dual-binding mechanism and apply it to 5 PP complexes. Our study demonstrates a great potential for in silico PPI stabilizers discovery with a wide range of therapeutic applications.
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21
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Indig RY, Landau M. Designed inhibitors to reduce amyloid virulence and cytotoxicity and combat neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 75:102318. [PMID: 37196450 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The review highlights the role of amyloids in various diseases and the challenges associated with targeting human amyloids in therapeutic development. However, due to the better understanding of microbial amyloids' role as virulence factors, there is a growing interest in repurposing and designing anti-amyloid compounds for antivirulence therapy. The identification of amyloid inhibitors has not only significant clinical implications but also provides valuable insights into the structure and function of amyloids. The review showcases small molecules and peptides that specifically target amyloids in both humans and microbes, reducing cytotoxicity and biofilm formation, respectively. The review emphasizes the importance of further research on amyloid structures, mechanisms, and interactions across all life forms to yield new drug targets and improve the design of selective treatments. Overall, the review highlights the potential for amyloid inhibitors in therapeutic development for both human diseases and microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Yona Indig
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Meytal Landau
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany; Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg, Germany.
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22
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Morfino P, Aimo A, Vergaro G, Sanguinetti C, Castiglione V, Franzini M, Perrone MA, Emdin M. Transthyretin Stabilizers and Seeding Inhibitors as Therapies for Amyloid Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041129. [PMID: 37111614 PMCID: PMC10143494 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive and increasingly recognized cause of heart failure which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. ATTR-CM is characterized by the misfolding of TTR monomers and their deposition within the myocardium as amyloid fibrils. The standard of care for ATTR-CM consists of TTR-stabilizing ligands, such as tafamidis, which aim at maintaining the native structure of TTR tetramers, thus preventing amyloid aggregation. However, their efficacy in advanced-staged disease and after long-term treatment is still a source of concern, suggesting the existence of other pathogenetic factors. Indeed, pre-formed fibrils present in the tissue can further accelerate amyloid aggregation in a self-propagating process known as “amyloid seeding”. The inhibition of amyloidogenesis through TTR stabilizers combined with anti-seeding peptides may represent a novel strategy with additional benefits over current therapies. Finally, the role of stabilizing ligands needs to be reassessed in view of the promising results derived from trials which have evaluated alternative strategies, such as TTR silencers and immunological amyloid disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Morfino
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Sanguinetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Castiglione
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Franzini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Division of Cardiology and CardioLab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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23
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Duan G, Li Y, Ye M, Liu H, Wang N, Luo S. The Regulatory Mechanism of Transthyretin Irreversible Aggregation through Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043729. [PMID: 36835140 PMCID: PMC9960511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) aggregation and amyloid formation are associated with several ATTR diseases, such as senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) and familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). However, the mechanism that triggers the initial pathologic aggregation process of TTR remains largely elusive. Lately, increasing evidence has suggested that many proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and subsequent liquid-to-solid phase transition before the formation of amyloid fibrils. Here, we demonstrate that electrostatic interactions mediate LLPS of TTR, followed by a liquid-solid phase transition, and eventually the formation of amyloid fibrils under a mildly acidic pH in vitro. Furthermore, pathogenic mutations (V30M, R34T, and K35T) of TTR and heparin promote the process of phase transition and facilitate the formation of fibrillar aggregates. In addition, S-cysteinylation, which is a kind of post-translational modification of TTR, reduces the kinetic stability of TTR and increases the propensity for aggregation, while another modification, S-sulfonation, stabilizes the TTR tetramer and reduces the aggregation rate. Once TTR was S-cysteinylated or S-sulfonated, they dramatically underwent the process of phase transition, providing a foundation for post-translational modifications that could modulate TTR LLPS in the context of pathological interactions. These novel findings reveal molecular insights into the mechanism of TTR from initial LLPS and subsequent liquid-to-solid phase transition to amyloid fibrils, providing a new dimension for ATTR therapy.
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24
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Chandrasekhar G, Rajasekaran R. Theoretical investigations of TTR derived aggregation-prone peptides’ potential to biochemically attenuate the amyloidogenic propensities of V30 M TTR amyloid fibrils. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2023.100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Acquasaliente L, De Filippis V. The Role of Proteolysis in Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010699. [PMID: 36614141 PMCID: PMC9820691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloidoses are a group of diseases associated with deposits of amyloid fibrils in different tissues. So far, 36 different types of amyloidosis are known, each due to the misfolding and accumulation of a specific protein. Amyloid deposits can be found in several organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and spleen, and can affect single or multiple organs. Generally, amyloid-forming proteins become prone to aggregate due to genetic mutations, acquired environmental factors, excessive concentration, or post-translational modifications. Interestingly, amyloid aggregates are often composed of proteolytic fragments, derived from the degradation of precursor proteins by yet unidentified proteases, which display higher amyloidogenic tendency compared to precursor proteins, thus representing an important mechanism in the onset of amyloid-based diseases. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge on the proteolytic susceptibility of three of the main human amyloidogenic proteins, i.e., transthyretin, β-amyloid precursor protein, and α-synuclein, in the onset of amyloidosis. We also highlight the role that proteolytic enzymes can play in the crosstalk between intestinal inflammation and amyloid-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Acquasaliente
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (V.D.F.); Tel.: +39-0498275703 (L.A.); +39-0498275698 (V.D.F.)
| | - Vincenzo De Filippis
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (V.D.F.); Tel.: +39-0498275703 (L.A.); +39-0498275698 (V.D.F.)
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26
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Zhou S, Zou H, Wang Y, Lo GV, Yuan S. Atomic Mechanisms of Transthyretin Tetramer Dissociation Studied by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6667-6678. [PMID: 35993568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation of the transthyretin (TTR) tetramer into a monomer is closely related to various TTR amyloidoses in humans. While the tetramer dissociation has been reported to be the rate-limiting step for TTR aggregation, few details are known about the mechanism. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed by combining conventional MD and biased metadynamics to investigate the mechanism for the wild-type (WT) and mutant (T119M) structures. Both were found to have a great deal in common. Conventional MD simulations reveal that interfacial hydrophobic interactions contribute significantly to stabilize the tetramer. Interfacial residues including L17, V20, L110, and V121 with close contacts form a hydrophobic channel. Metadynamics simulations indicate that the mouth opening of the hydrophobic channel is the first and the most difficult step for dissociation. Interactions of V20 between opposing dimers lock four monomers into the tetramer, and disruption of the interactions is found to be involved in the final step. During the dissociation, an increasing extent of solvation was observed by calculating the radial distribution functions of water around interfacial hydrophobic residues, suggesting that water plays a role in driving the tetramer dissociation. Moreover, compared to T119, residue M119 has a longer side chain that extends into the hydrophobic channel, making solvation more difficult, consistent with a higher energy barrier for dissociation of the T119M tetramer. This result provides a good explanation for the protective role of the T119M mutation. Overall, this study can provide atomic-level insights to better understand the pathogenesis of TTR amyloidosis and guide rational drug design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Huizhen Zou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Glenn V Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2022, Thibodaux, Louisiana 70310, United States
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory on Big Data for Bio Intelligence, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
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27
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Inoue M, Muta K, Mohammed AFA, Onodera R, Higashi T, Ouchi K, Ueda M, Ando Y, Arima H, Jono H, Motoyama K. Feasibility Study of Dendrimer-Based TTR-CRISPR pDNA Polyplex for Ocular Amyloidosis <i>in Vitro</i>. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1660-1668. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Inoue
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kyosuke Muta
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Risako Onodera
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University
| | - Kenta Ouchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Amyloidosis Research, Nagasaki International University
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Laboratory of Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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28
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Inoue M, Higashi T, Hayashi Y, Onodera R, Fujisawa K, Taharabaru T, Yokoyama R, Ouchi K, Misumi Y, Ueda M, Inoue Y, Mizuguchi M, Saito T, Saido TC, Ando Y, Arima H, Motoyama K, Jono H. Multifunctional Therapeutic Cyclodextrin-Appended Dendrimer Complex for Treatment of Systemic and Localized Amyloidosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40599-40611. [PMID: 36052562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis pathologically proceeds via production of amyloidogenic proteins by organs, formation of protein aggregates through structural changes, and their deposition on tissues. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that amyloidosis generally develops through three critical pathological steps: (1) production of amyloid precursor proteins, (2) amyloid formation, and (3) amyloid deposition. However, no clinically effective therapy that is capable of targeting each pathological step of amyloidosis independently is currently available. Here, we combined therapeutic effects and developed a short hairpin RNA expression vector (shRNA) complex with a cyclodextrin-appended cationic dendrimer (CDE) as a novel multitarget therapeutic drug that is capable of simultaneously suppressing these three steps. We evaluated its therapeutic effects on systemic transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as localized amyloidosis, by targeting TTR and amyloid β, respectively. CDE/shRNA exhibited RNAi effects to suppress amyloid protein production and also achieved both inhibition of amyloid formation and disruption of existing amyloid fibrils. The multitarget therapeutic effects of CDE/shRNA were confirmed by evaluating TTR deposition reduction in early- and late-onset human ATTR amyloidosis model rats and amyloid β deposition reduction in AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F AD model mice. Thus, the CDE/shRNA complex exhibits multifunctional therapeutic efficacy and may reveal novel strategies for establishing curative treatments for both systemic and localized amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Inoue
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools "Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program", Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Risako Onodera
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujisawa
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Taharabaru
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryoma Yokoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kenta Ouchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yohei Misumi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Inoue
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Neurocognitive Science, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Amyloidosis Research, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch-machi, Sasebo-shi, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Laboratory of Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-machi, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511 Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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29
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Housmans JAJ, Houben B, Monge-Morera M, Asvestas D, Nguyen HH, Tsaka G, Louros N, Carpentier S, Delcour JA, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J. Investigating the Sequence Determinants of the Curling of Amyloid Fibrils Using Ovalbumin as a Case Study. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3779-3797. [PMID: 36027608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly ordered, straight amyloid fibrils readily lend themselves to structure determination techniques and have therefore been extensively characterized. However, the less ordered curly fibrils remain relatively understudied, and the structural organization underlying their specific characteristics remains poorly understood. We found that the exemplary curly fibril-forming protein ovalbumin contains multiple aggregation prone regions (APRs) that form straight fibrils when isolated as peptides or when excised from the full-length protein through hydrolysis. In the context of the intact full-length protein, however, the regions separating the APRs facilitate curly fibril formation. In fact, a meta-analysis of previously reported curly fibril-forming proteins shows that their inter-APRs are significantly longer and more hydrophobic when compared to straight fibril-forming proteins, suggesting that they may cause strain in the amyloid state. Hence, inter-APRs driving curly fibril formation may not only apply to our model protein but rather constitute a more general mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle A J Housmans
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Houben
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margarita Monge-Morera
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diego Asvestas
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hung Huy Nguyen
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Grigoria Tsaka
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos Louros
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- Facility for Systems Biology Based Mass Spectrometry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Delcour
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Hartmann J, Zacharias M. Analysis of amyloidogenic transthyretin mutations using continuum solvent free energy calculations. Proteins 2022; 90:2080-2090. [PMID: 35841533 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins can undergo pathological conformational changes that result in the formation of amyloidogenic fibril structures. Various neurodegenerative diseases are associated with such pathological fibril formation of specific proteins. Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric globular transport protein in the blood plasma that can dissociate, unfold, and form long and stable fibrils. Many TTR mutations are known that promote (TTR) amyloidosis and cause severe diseases. TTR amyloidosis has been studied extensively using biochemical methods and structures of various mutations in the globular form have been characterized. Recently, also the structure of a TTR fibril has been determined. In an effort to better understand why some mutations increase or decrease the tendency of amyloid formation, we have applied a combined molecular dynamics and continuum solvent approach to calculate the energetic influence of residue changes in the globular versus fibril form. For 29 out of 36 tested TTR single residue mutations, the approach correctly predicts the increased or decreased tendency for amyloidosis allowing us also to elucidate the origins of the tendency. We find that indeed the destabilization of the globular monomer or changes in dimer and tetramer stability due to mutation has a dominant influence on the amyloidogenic tendency. The continuum solvent model predicts a significantly more favorable mean energy per residue of the fibril form compared to the globular form. This effect is only slightly modulated by single-point mutations preserving the energetic preference for fibril formation upon protein unfolding. It explains why no correlation between experimental amyloidosis and calculated change in fibril stability was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hartmann
- Physics Department and Center of Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Physics Department and Center of Protein Assemblies, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Bavaria, Germany
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31
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Mohankumar A, Kalaiselvi D, Thiruppathi G, Muthusaravanan S, Vijayakumar S, Suresh R, Tawata S, Sundararaj P. Santalol Isomers Inhibit Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis and Associated Pathologies in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924862. [PMID: 35784752 PMCID: PMC9243336 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein found in human serum and is implicated in fatal inherited amyloidoses. Destabilization of native TTR confirmation resulting from mutation, environmental changes, and aging causes polymerization and amyloid fibril formation. Although several small molecules have been reported to stabilize the native state and inhibit TTR aggregation, prolonged use can cause serious side effects. Therefore, pharmacologically enhancing the degradation of TTR aggregates and kinetically stabilizing the native tetrameric structure with bioactive molecule(s) could be a viable therapeutic strategy to hinder the advancement of TTR amyloidoses. In this context, here we demonstrated α- and β-santalol, natural sesquiterpenes from sandalwood, as a potent TTR aggregation inhibitor and native state stabilizer using combined in vitro, in silico, and in vivo experiments. We found that α- and β-santalol synergize to reduce wild-type (WT) and Val30Met (V30M) mutant TTR aggregates in novel C. elegans strains expressing TTR fragments fused with a green fluorescent protein in body wall muscle cells. α- and β-Santalol extend the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans strains carrying TTRWT::EGFP and TTRV30M::EGFP transgene by activating the SKN-1/Nrf2, autophagy, and proteasome. Moreover, α- and β-santalol directly interacted with TTR and reduced the flexibility of the thyroxine-binding cavity and homotetramer interface, which in turn increases stability and prevents the dissociation of the TTR tetramer. These data indicate that α- and β-santalol are the strong natural therapeutic intervention against TTR-associated amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirthalingam Mohankumar
- PAK Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Amirthalingam Mohankumar, ; Shinkichi Tawata, ; Palanisamy Sundararaj,
| | - Duraisamy Kalaiselvi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Rahul Suresh
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry—IRC SQC, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Shinkichi Tawata
- PAK Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Amirthalingam Mohankumar, ; Shinkichi Tawata, ; Palanisamy Sundararaj,
| | - Palanisamy Sundararaj
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
- *Correspondence: Amirthalingam Mohankumar, ; Shinkichi Tawata, ; Palanisamy Sundararaj,
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32
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Guthertz N, van der Kant R, Martinez RM, Xu Y, Trinh C, Iorga BI, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J, Brockwell DJ, Radford SE. The effect of mutation on an aggregation-prone protein: An in vivo, in vitro, and in silico analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200468119. [PMID: 35613051 PMCID: PMC9295795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200468119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of initially stably structured proteins is involved in more than 20 human amyloid diseases. Despite intense research, however, how this class of proteins assembles into amyloid fibrils remains poorly understood, principally because of the complex effects of amino acid substitutions on protein stability, solubility, and aggregation propensity. We address this question using β2-microglobulin (β2m) as a model system, focusing on D76N-β2m that is involved in hereditary amyloidosis. This amino acid substitution causes the aggregation-resilient wild-type protein to become highly aggregation prone in vitro, although the mechanism by which this occurs remained elusive. Here, we identify the residues key to protecting β2m from aggregation by coupling aggregation with antibiotic resistance in E. coli using a tripartite β-lactamase assay (TPBLA). By performing saturation mutagenesis at three different sites (D53X-, D76X-, and D98X-β2m) we show that residue 76 has a unique ability to drive β2m aggregation in vivo and in vitro. Using a randomly mutated D76N-β2m variant library, we show that all of the mutations found to improve protein behavior involve residues in a single aggregation-prone region (APR) (residues 60 to 66). Surprisingly, no correlation was found between protein stability and protein aggregation rate or yield, with several mutations in the APR decreasing aggregation without affecting stability. Together, the results demonstrate the power of the TPBLA to develop proteins that are resilient to aggregation and suggest a model for D76N-β2m aggregation involving the formation of long-range couplings between the APR and Asn76 in a nonnative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Guthertz
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - R. van der Kant
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - R. M. Martinez
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Xu
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - C. Trinh
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - B. I. Iorga
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F. Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D. J. Brockwell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - S. E. Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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33
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Nakano T, Onoue K, Terada C, Terasaki S, Ishihara S, Hashimoto Y, Nakada Y, Nakagawa H, Ueda T, Seno A, Nishida T, Watanabe M, Hoshii Y, Hatakeyama K, Sakaguchi Y, Ohbayashi C, Saito Y. Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: Impact of Transthyretin Amyloid Deposition in Myocardium on Cardiac Morphology and Function. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050792. [PMID: 35629214 PMCID: PMC9147607 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is increasingly being recognized as a cause of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) and progressive heart failure in elderly patients. However, little is known about the cardiac morphology of ATTR-CM and the association between the degree of TTR amyloid deposition and cardiac dysfunction in these patients. Methods: We studied 28 consecutive patients with ATTR-CM and analyzed the relationship between echocardiographic parameters and pathological features using endomyocardial biopsy samples. Results: The cardiac geometries of patients with ATTR-CM were mainly classified as concentric LVH (96.4%). The relative wall thickness, a marker of LVH, tended to be positively correlated with the degree of non-cardiomyocyte area. The extent of TTR deposition was positively correlated with enlargement of the non-cardiomyocyte area, and these were positively correlated with LV diastolic dysfunction. Additionally, the extent of the area containing TTR was positively correlated with the percentage of cardiomyocyte nuclei stained for 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine, a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS accumulation in cardiomyocytes was positively correlated with LV systolic dysfunction. Conclusion: Patients with ATTR-CM mainly displayed concentric LVH geometry. TTR amyloid deposition was associated with cardiac dysfunction via increased non-cardiomyocyte area and ROS accumulation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yamato Takada Municipal Hospital, Yamato-Takada 635-8501, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Onoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-744-22-3051
| | - Chiyoko Terada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (C.T.); (C.O.)
| | - Satoshi Terasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Satomi Ishihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yukihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasuki Nakada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tomoya Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ayako Seno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Taku Nishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoshinobu Hoshii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube 755-0046, Yamaguchi, Japan;
| | - Kinta Hatakeyama
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita 564-8565, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chiho Ohbayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (C.T.); (C.O.)
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan; (T.N.); (S.T.); (S.I.); (Y.H.); (Y.N.); (H.N.); (T.U.); (A.S.); (T.N.); (M.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.S.)
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34
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Gao L, Xie X, Liu P, Jin J. High-avidity binding drives nucleation of amyloidogenic transthyretin monomer. JCI Insight 2022; 7:150131. [PMID: 35393947 PMCID: PMC9057628 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis involves stepwise growth of fibrils assembled from soluble precursors. Transthyretin (TTR) naturally folds into a stable tetramer, whereas conditions and mutations that foster aberrant monomer formations facilitate TTR oligomeric aggregation and subsequent fibril extension. We investigated the early assembly of oligomers by WT TTR compared with its V30M and V122I variants. We monitored time-dependent redistribution among monomer, dimer, tetramer, and oligomer contents in the presence and absence of multimeric TTR seeds. The seeds were artificially constructed recombinant multimers that contained 20–40 TTR subunits via engineered biotin-streptavidin (SA) interactions. As expected, these multimer seeds rapidly nucleated TTR monomers into larger complexes, while having less effect on dimers and tetramers. In vivo, SA-induced multimers formed TTR-like deposits in the heart and the kidney following i.v. injection in mice. While all 3 variants prominently deposited glomerulus in the kidney, only V30M resulted in extensive deposition in the heart. The cardiac TTR deposits varied in size and shape and were localized in the intermyofibrillar space along the capillaries. These results are consistent with the notion of monomeric TTR engaging in high-avidity interactions with tissue amyloids. Our multimeric induction approach provides a model for studying the initiation of TTR deposition in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Cardiology, and
| | - Xinfang Xie
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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35
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Morfino P, Aimo A, Panichella G, Rapezzi C, Emdin M. Amyloid seeding as a disease mechanism and treatment target in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:2187-2200. [PMID: 35386059 PMCID: PMC9546974 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric transport protein mainly synthesized by the liver and choroid plexus. ATTR amyloidosis is characterized by the misfolding of TTR monomers and their accumulation within tissues as amyloid fibres. Current therapeutic options rely on the blockade of TTR production, TTR stabilization to maintain the native structure of TTR, amyloid degradation, or induction of amyloid removal from tissues. “Amyloid seeds” are defined as small fibril fragments that induce amyloid precursors to assume a structure rich in β-sheets, thus promoting fibrillogenesis. Amyloid seeds are important to promote the amplification and spread of amyloid deposits. Further studies are needed to better understand the molecular structure of ATTR seeds (i.e. the characteristics of the most amyloidogenic species), and the conditions that promote the formation and multiplication of seeds in vivo. The pathological cascade may begin months to years before symptom onset, suggesting that seeds in tissues might potentially be used as biomarkers for the early disease stages. Inhibition of amyloid aggregation by anti-seeding peptides may represent a disease mechanism and treatment target in ATTR amyloidosis, with an additional benefit over current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Morfino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Panichella
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiologic Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola (Ravenna), Ravenna, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
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36
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Dittloff KT, Spanghero E, Solís C, Banach K, Russell B. Transthyretin deposition alters cardiomyocyte sarcomeric architecture, calcium transients, and contractile force. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15207. [PMID: 35262277 PMCID: PMC8906053 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis (wtATTR) is characterized by systemic deposition of amyloidogenic fibrils of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) in the connective tissue of many organs. In the heart, this leads to age-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The hypothesis tested is that TTR deposited in vitro disrupts cardiac myocyte cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion complexes, resulting in altered calcium handling, force generation, and sarcomeric disorganization. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), when grown on TTR-coated polymeric substrata mimicking the stiffness of the healthy human myocardium (10 kPa), had decreased contraction and relaxation velocities as well as decreased force production measured using traction force microscopy. Both NRVMs and adult mouse atrial cardiomyocytes had altered calcium kinetics with prolonged transients when cultured on TTR fibril-coated substrates. Furthermore, NRVMs grown on stiff (~GPa), flat or microgrooved substrates coated with TTR fibrils exhibited significantly decreased intercellular electrical coupling as shown by FRAP dynamics of cells loaded with the gap junction-permeable dye calcein-AM, along with decreased gap junction content as determined by quantitative connexin 43 staining. Significant sarcomeric disorganization and loss of sarcomere content, with increased ubiquitin localization to the sarcomere, were seen in NRVMs on various TTR fibril-coated substrata. TTR presence decreased intercellular mechanical junctions as evidenced by quantitative immunofluorescence staining of N-cadherin and vinculin. Current therapies for wtATTR are cost-prohibitive and only slow the disease progression; therefore, better understanding of cardiomyocyte maladaptation induced by TTR amyloid may identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Dittloff
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Emanuele Spanghero
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Christopher Solís
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Kathrin Banach
- Department of Internal Medicine/CardiologyRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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37
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Arghavani P, Badiei A, Ghadami SA, Habibi-Rezaei M, Moosavi-Movahedi F, Delphi L, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. Inhibiting mTTR Aggregation/Fibrillation by a Chaperone-like Hydrophobic Amino Acid-Conjugated SPION. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1640-1654. [PMID: 35090112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) aggregation via misfolding of a mutant or wild-type protein leads to systemic or partial amyloidosis (ATTR). Here, we utilized variable biophysical assays to characterize two distinct aggregation pathways for mTTR (a synthesized monomer TTR incapable of association into a tetramer) at pH 4.3 and also pH 7.4 with agitation, referred to as mTTR aggregation and fibrillation, respectively. The findings suggest that early-stage conformational changes termed monomer activation here determine the aggregation pathway, resulting in developing either amorphous aggregates or well-organized fibrils. Less packed partially unfolded monomers consisting of more non-regular secondary structures that were rapidly produced via a mildly acidic condition form amorphous aggregates. Meanwhile, more hydrophobic and packed monomers consisting of rearranged β sheets and increased helical content developed well-organized fibrils. Conjugating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with leucine and glutamine (L-SPIONs and G-SPIONs in order) via a trimethoxysilane linker provided the chance to study the effect of hydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces on mTTR aggregation. The results indicated a powerful inhibitory effect of hydrophobic L-SPIONs on both mTTR aggregation and fibrillation. Monomer depletion was introduced as the governing mechanism for inhibiting mTTR aggregation, while a chaperone-like property of L-SPIONs by maintaining an mTTR native structure and adsorbing oligomers suppressed the progression of further fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Arghavani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abolghasem Ghadami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran
| | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | | | - Ladan Delphi
- Department of Animal Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
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Kuhn AJ, Ehlke B, Johnstone TC, Oliver SRJ, Raskatov JA. A crystal-structural study of Pauling-Corey rippled sheets. Chem Sci 2022; 13:671-680. [PMID: 35173931 PMCID: PMC8768883 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05731f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the seminal theoretical work on the pleated β-sheet published by Pauling and Corey in 1951, the rippled β-sheet was hypothesized by the same authors in 1953. In the pleated β-sheet the interacting β-strands have the same chirality, whereas in the rippled β-sheet the interacting β-strands are mirror-images. Unlike with the pleated β-sheet that is now common textbook knowledge, the rippled β-sheet has been much slower to evolve. Much of the experimental work on rippled sheets came from groups that study aggregating racemic peptide systems over the course of the past decade. This includes MAX1/DMAX hydrogels (Schneider), L/D-KFE8 aggregating systems (Nilsson), and racemic Amyloid β mixtures (Raskatov). Whether a racemic peptide mixture is “ripple-genic” (i.e., whether it forms a rippled sheet) or “pleat-genic” (i.e., whether it forms a pleated sheet) is likely governed by a complex interplay of thermodynamic and kinetic effects. Structural insights into rippled sheets remain limited to only a very few studies that combined sparse experimental structural constraints with molecular modeling. Crystal structures of rippled sheets are needed so we can rationally design rippled sheet architectures. Here we report a high-resolution crystal structure, in which (l,l,l)-triphenylalanine and (d,d,d)-triphenylalanine form dimeric antiparallel rippled sheets, which pack into herringbone layer structures. The arrangements of the tripeptides and their mirror-images in the individual dimers were in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions by Pauling and Corey. A subsequent mining of the PDB identified three orphaned rippled sheets among racemic protein crystal structures. Following the seminal theoretical work on the pleated β-sheet published by Pauling and Corey in 1951, the rippled β-sheet was hypothesized by the same authors in 1953.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel J Kuhn
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Beatriz Ehlke
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Timothy C Johnstone
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Scott R J Oliver
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California USA
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39
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Pacini L, Lesieur C. A computational methodology to diagnose sequence-variant dynamic perturbations by comparing atomic protein structures. Bioinformatics 2021; 38:703-709. [PMID: 34694373 PMCID: PMC8574318 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The objective is to diagnose dynamics perturbations caused by amino-acid mutations as prerequisite to assess protein functional health or drug failure, simply using network models of protein X-ray structures. RESULTS We find that the differences in the allocation of the atomic interactions of each amino acid to 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D structural levels between variants structurally robust, recover experimental dynamic perturbations. The allocation measure validated on two B-pentamers variants of AB5 toxins having 17 mutations, also distinguishes dynamic perturbations of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Transthyretin single-mutants. Finally, the main proteases of the coronaviruses SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 exhibit changes in the allocation measure, raising the possibility of drug failure despite the main proteases structural similarity. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The Python code used for the production of the results is available at github.com/lorpac/protein_partitioning_atomic_contacts. The authors will run the analysis on any PDB structures of protein variants upon request. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Pacini
- AMPERE, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69622, France,Institut Rhônalpin des systèmes complexes (IXXI), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Claire Lesieur
- AMPERE, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69622, France,Institut Rhônalpin des systèmes complexes (IXXI), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Chandrasekhar G, Srinivasan E, Sekar PC, Venkataramanan S, Rajasekaran R. Molecular simulation probes the potency of resveratrol in regulating the toxic aggregation of mutant V30M TTR fibrils in Transthyretin mediated amyloidosis. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 110:108055. [PMID: 34688163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) mediated amyloidosis is a highly ruinous illness that affects various organs by aggravating the deposition of misfolded or mutated TTR protein aggregates in tissues. Hence, hindering the formation of TTR amyloid aggregates could be a key strategy in finding an effective cure towards the aggravating disorder. In this analysis, we examined the subversive nature of point mutation, V30M, in TTR that promotes amyloidogenicity using discrete molecular dynamics (DMD) simulations. Besides, we probed the association of naturally occurring polyphenols: EGCG (a proven anti TTR aggregation agent as positive control), resveratrol and curcumin in mitigating the pathogenic repercussions of mutant TTR. Results from the computational studies endorsed that the resveratrol constitutes a restorative potential to subjugate TTR mediated amyloidosis, besides EGCG. Hence, this study could be a reminiscent aspect in understanding the inhibitory role of key polyphenols against the mutant TTR aggregates, which could be an aid towards structure-based drug design in the upcoming research era on familial amyloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chandrasekhar
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E Srinivasan
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Chandra Sekar
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkataramanan
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - R Rajasekaran
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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The discovery and development of transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors: what are the lessons? Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2083-2105. [PMID: 34633220 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is associated with several human amyloid diseases. Various kinetic stabilizers have been developed to inhibit the dissociation of TTR tetramer and the formation of amyloid fibrils. Most of them are bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans. In this review article, we focus on TTR tetramer stabilizers, genetic therapeutic approaches and fibril remodelers. The binding modes of typical bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans are discussed. Based on knowledge of the binding of thyroxine to TTR tetramer, many stabilizers have been screened to dock into the thyroxine binding sites, leading to TTR tetramer stabilization. Particularly, those stabilizers with unique binding profiles have shown great potential in developing the therapeutic management of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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Grelich-Mucha M, Garcia AM, Torbeev V, Ożga K, Berlicki Ł, Olesiak-Bańska J. Autofluorescence of Amyloids Determined by Enantiomeric Composition of Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5502-5510. [PMID: 34008978 PMCID: PMC8182742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Amyloid fibrils are
peptide or protein aggregates possessing a
cross-β-sheet structure. They possess intrinsic fluorescence
property, which is still not fully understood. Herein, we compare
structural and optical properties of fibrils formed from L- and D-enantiomers
of the (105–115) fragment of transthyretin (TTR) and from their
racemic mixture. Our results show that autofluorescence of fibrils
obtained from enantiomers differs from that of fibrils from the racemic
mixture. In order to elucidate the origin of observed differences,
we analyzed the structure and morphology of fibrils and showed how
variations in β-sheet organization influence optical properties
of fibrils. We clarified the contribution of aromatic rings and the
amyloid backbone to the final blue-green emission of fibrils. This
work demonstrates how enantiomeric composition of amino acids allows
us to modulate the self-assembly and final morphology of well-defined
fibrillar bionanostructures with optical properties controlled by
supramolecular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Grelich-Mucha
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ana M Garcia
- Institute de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), University of Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR 7006) Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Vladimir Torbeev
- Institute de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), University of Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR 7006) Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Katarzyna Ożga
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Olesiak-Bańska
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract
Often considered a rare disease, cardiac amyloidosis is increasingly recognized by practicing clinicians. The increased rate of diagnosis is in part due the aging of the population and increasing incidence and prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis with advancing age, as well as the advent of noninvasive methods using nuclear scintigraphy to diagnose transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis due to either variant or wild type transthyretin without a biopsy. Perhaps the most important driver of the increased awareness is the elucidation of the biologic mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cardiac amyloidosis which have led to the development of several effective therapies with differing mechanisms of actions. In this review, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cardiac amyloidosis due to light chain (AL) or transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis are delineated as well as the rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape that has emerged from a better pathophysiologic understanding of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Griffin
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory
for the Elderly, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hannah Rosenblum
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory
for the Elderly, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Mathew S. Maurer
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory
for the Elderly, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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Transthyretin Misfolding, A Fatal Structural Pathogenesis Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094429. [PMID: 33922648 PMCID: PMC8122960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is an essential transporter of a thyroid hormone and a holo-retinol binding protein, found abundantly in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. In addition, this protein is infamous for its amyloidogenic propensity, causing various amyloidoses in humans, such as senile systemic amyloidosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy. It has been known for over two decades that decreased stability of the native tetrameric conformation of TTR is the main cause of these diseases. Yet, mechanistic details on the amyloidogenic transformation of TTR were not clear until recent multidisciplinary investigations on various structural states of TTR. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in the structural understanding of TTR misfolding and amyloidosis processes. Special emphasis has been laid on the observations of novel structural features in various amyloidogenic species of TTR. In addition, proteolysis-induced fragmentation of TTR, a recently proposed mechanism facilitating TTR amyloidosis, has been discussed in light of its structural consequences and relevance to acknowledge the amyloidogenicity of TTR.
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Divergence Entropy-Based Evaluation of Hydrophobic Core in Aggressive and Resistant Forms of Transthyretin. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23040458. [PMID: 33924717 PMCID: PMC8070611 DOI: 10.3390/e23040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The two forms of transthyretin differing slightly in the tertiary structure, despite the presence of five mutations, show radically different properties in terms of susceptibility to the amyloid transformation process. These two forms of transthyretin are the object of analysis. The search for the sources of these differences was carried out by means of a comparative analysis of the structure of these molecules in their native and early intermediate stage forms in the folding process. The criterion for assessing the degree of similarity and differences is the status of the hydrophobic core. The comparison of the level of arrangement of the hydrophobic core and its initial stages is possible thanks to the application of divergence entropy for the early intermediate stage and for the final forms. It was shown that the minimal differences observed in the structure of the hydrophobic core of the forms available in PDB, turned out to be significantly different in the early stage (ES) structure in folding process. The determined values of divergence entropy for both ES forms indicate the presence of the seed of hydrophobic core only in the form resistant to amyloid transformation. In the form of aggressively undergoing amyloid transformation, the structure lacking such a seed is revealed, being a stretched one with a high content of β-type structure. In the discussed case, the active presence of water in the structural transformation of proteins expressed in the fuzzy oil drop model (FOD) is of decisive importance for the generation of the final protein structure. It has been shown that the resistant form tends to generate a centric hydrophobic core with the possibility of creating a globular structure, i.e., a spherical micelle-like form. The aggressively transforming form reveals in the structure of its early intermediate, a tendency to form the ribbon-like micelle as observed in amyloid.
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46
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Diphenyl-Methane Based Thyromimetic Inhibitors for Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073488. [PMID: 33800546 PMCID: PMC8038088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyromimetics, whose physicochemical characteristics are analog to thyroid hormones (THs) and their derivatives, are promising candidates as novel therapeutics for neurodegenerative and metabolic pathologies. In particular, sobetirome (GC-1), one of the initial halogen-free thyromimetics, and newly synthesized IS25 and TG68, with optimized ADME-Tox profile, have recently attracted attention owing to their superior therapeutic benefits, selectivity, and enhanced permeability. Here, we further explored the functional capabilities of these thyromimetics to inhibit transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis. TTR is a homotetrameric transporter protein for THs, yet it is also responsible for severe amyloid fibril formation, which is facilitated by tetramer dissociation into non-native monomers. By combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, computational simulation, and biochemical assays, we found that GC-1 and newly designed diphenyl-methane-based thyromimetics, namely IS25 and TG68, are TTR stabilizers and efficient suppressors of TTR aggregation. Based on these observations, we propose the novel potential of thyromimetics as a multi-functional therapeutic molecule for TTR-related pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases.
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47
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Muvva C, Murugan NA, Subramanian V. Assessment of Amyloid Forming Tendency of Peptide Sequences from Amyloid Beta and Tau Proteins Using Force-Field, Semi-Empirical, and Density Functional Theory Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063244. [PMID: 33806726 PMCID: PMC8005029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates in intraneuronal or extraneuronal brain regions. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the extracellular aggregates originate from amyloid-β proteins, while the intracellular aggregates are formed from microtubule-binding tau proteins. The amyloid forming peptide sequences in the amyloid-β peptides and tau proteins are responsible for aggregate formation. Experimental studies have until the date reported many of such amyloid forming peptide sequences in different proteins, however, there is still limited molecular level understanding about their tendency to form aggregates. In this study, we employed umbrella sampling simulations and subsequent electronic structure theory calculations in order to estimate the energy profiles for interconversion of the helix to β-sheet like secondary structures of sequences from amyloid-β protein (KLVFFA) and tau protein (QVEVKSEKLD and VQIVYKPVD). The study also included a poly-alanine sequence as a reference system. The calculated force-field based free energy profiles predicted a flat minimum for monomers of sequences from amyloid and tau proteins corresponding to an α-helix like secondary structure. For the parallel and anti-parallel dimer of KLVFFA, double well potentials were obtained with the minima corresponding to α-helix and β-sheet like secondary structures. A similar double well-like potential has been found for dimeric forms for the sequences from tau fibril. Complementary semi-empirical and density functional theory calculations displayed similar trends, validating the force-field based free energy profiles obtained for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charuvaka Muvva
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Natarajan Arul Murugan
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Venkatesan Subramanian
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India;
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Centre for High Computing, CSIR-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
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48
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Liu J, Xiong Y, Huang Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yan J. A quinoline–benzothiazole hybrid as the first near-infrared fluorescent probe for transthyretin. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02472h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A quinoline-benzothiazole hybrid was rationally developed as the first NIR fluorescent probe for detecting transthyretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Liu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yinghong Xiong
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinyin Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jinwu Yan
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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A serine protease secreted from Bacillus subtilis cleaves human plasma transthyretin to generate an amyloidogenic fragment. Commun Biol 2020; 3:764. [PMID: 33311636 PMCID: PMC7733459 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of human wild-type transthyretin (hTTR), a homo-tetrameric plasma protein, leads to acquired senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA), recently recognised as a major cause of cardiomyopathies in 1-3% older adults. Fragmented hTTR is the standard composition of amyloid deposits in SSA, but the protease(s) responsible for amyloidogenic fragments generation in vivo is(are) still elusive. Here, we show that subtilisin secreted from Bacillus subtilis, a gut microbiota commensal bacterium, translocates across a simulated intestinal epithelium and cleaves hTTR both in solution and human plasma, generating the amyloidogenic fragment hTTR(59-127), which is also found in SSA amyloids in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, these findings highlight a novel pathogenic mechanism for SSA whereby increased permeability of the gut mucosa, as often occurs in elderly people, allows subtilisin (and perhaps other yet unidentified bacterial proteases) to reach the bloodstream and trigger generation of hTTR fragments, acting as seeding nuclei for preferential amyloid fibrils deposition in the heart.
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50
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Damy T, Garcia‐Pavia P, Hanna M, Judge DP, Merlini G, Gundapaneni B, Patterson TA, Riley S, Schwartz JH, Sultan MB, Witteles R. Efficacy and safety of tafamidis doses in the Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial (ATTR-ACT) and long-term extension study. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 23:277-285. [PMID: 33070419 PMCID: PMC8048553 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Tafamidis is an effective treatment for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) in the Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial (ATTR‐ACT). While ATTR‐ACT was not designed for a dose‐specific assessment, further analysis from ATTR‐ACT and its long‐term extension study (LTE) can guide determination of the optimal dose. Methods and results In ATTR‐ACT, patients were randomized (2:1:2) to tafamidis 80 mg, 20 mg, or placebo for 30 months. Patients completing ATTR‐ACT could enrol in the LTE (with placebo‐treated patients randomized to tafamidis 80 or 20 mg; 2:1) and all patients were subsequently switched to high‐dose tafamidis. All‐cause mortality was assessed in ATTR‐ACT combined with the LTE (median follow‐up 51 months). In ATTR‐ACT, the combination of all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular‐related hospitalizations over 30 months was significantly reduced with tafamidis 80 mg (P = 0.0030) and 20 mg (P = 0.0048) vs. placebo. All‐cause mortality vs. placebo was reduced with tafamidis 80 mg [Cox hazards model (95% confidence interval): 0.690 (0.487–0.979), P = 0.0378] and 20 mg [0.715 (0.450–1.137), P = 0.1564]. The mean (standard error) change in N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide from baseline to Month 30 was −1170.51 (587.31) (P = 0.0468) with tafamidis 80 vs. 20 mg. In ATTR‐ACT combined with the LTE there was a significantly greater survival benefit with tafamidis 80 vs. 20 mg [0.700 (0.501–0.979), P = 0.0374]. Incidence of adverse events in both tafamidis doses were comparable to placebo. Conclusion Tafamidis, both 80 and 20 mg, effectively reduced mortality and cardiovascular‐related hospitalizations in patients with ATTR‐CM. The longer‐term survival data and the lack of dose‐related safety concerns support tafamidis 80 mg as the optimal dose. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994889; NCT02791230.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Damy
- French Referral Center for Cardiac Amyloidosis, Amyloidosis Mondor Network, GRC Amyloid Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, all at APHP, CHU Henri Mondor; and INSERM U955, Clinical Investigation Center 006, and DHU ATVBCréteilFrance
| | - Pablo Garcia‐Pavia
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, CIBERCVMadridSpain
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de AlarconMadridSpain
| | - Mazen Hanna
- Amyloidosis CentreCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA
| | | | - Giampaolo Merlini
- Amyloidosis CenterIRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of PaviaPaviaItaly
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