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O'Kane KMK, Otamendi T, Silverberg ND, Choi E, Sicard V, Zemek R, Healey K, Brown O, Butterfield L, Smith A, Goldfield G, Kardish R, Saab BJ, Ledoux AA, Cairncross M. Correction: Development of Therapeutic Alliance and Social Presence in a Digital Intervention for Pediatric Concussion: Qualitative Exploratory Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e59722. [PMID: 38713906 DOI: 10.2196/59722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/49133.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarah M K O'Kane
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thalia Otamendi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noah D Silverberg
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Esther Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronik Sicard
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Healey
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Brown
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Butterfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andra Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Kardish
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrée-Anne Ledoux
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Cairncross
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Choi E, Souza VC, Dillon JA, Kebreab E, Mueller ND. Comparative analysis of thermal indices for modeling cold and heat stress in US dairy systems. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00733-1. [PMID: 38608948 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Quantifying the impact of thermal stress on milk yields is essential to effectively manage present and future risks in dairy systems. Despite the existence of numerous heat indices designed to communicate stress thresholds, little information is available regarding the accuracy of different indices in estimating milk yield losses from both cold and heat stress at large spatio-temporal scales. To address this gap, we comparatively analyzed the performance of existing thermal indices in capturing US milk yield response to both cold and heat stress at the national scale. We selected four commonly used thermal indices: the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI), Black Globe Humidity Index (BGHI), Adjusted Temperature and Humidity Index (THIadj), and Comprehensive Climate Index (CCI). Using a statistical panel regression model with observational and reanalysis weather data from 1981-2020, we systematically compared the patterns of yield sensitivities and statistical performance of the four indices. We found that the US state-level milk yield variability was better explained by the THIadj and CCI, which combine the effects of temperature, humidity, wind, and solar radiation. Our analysis also reveals a continuous and nonlinear responses of milk yields to a range of cold to heat stress across all four indices. This implies that solely relying on fixed thresholds of these indices to model milk yield changes may be insufficient to capture cumulative thermal stress. Cold extremes reduced milk yields comparably to those impacted by heat extremes on the national scale. Additionally, we found large spatial variability in milk yield sensitivities, implying further limitations to the use of fixed thresholds across locations. Moreover, we found decreased yield sensitivity to thermal stress in the most recent two decades, suggesting adaptive changes in management to reduce weather-related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Choi
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability & Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
| | - V C Souza
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - J A Dillon
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - E Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - N D Mueller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability & Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
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O'Kane KMK, Otamendi T, Silverberg ND, Choi E, Sicard V, Zemek R, Healey K, Brown O, Butterfield L, Smith A, Goldfield G, Kardish R, Saab BJ, Ledoux AA, Cairncross M. Development of Therapeutic Alliance and Social Presence in a Digital Intervention for Pediatric Concussion: Qualitative Exploratory Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e49133. [PMID: 38517472 PMCID: PMC10998177 DOI: 10.2196/49133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the promising benefits of self-guided digital interventions for adolescents recovering from concussion, attrition rates for such interventions are high. Evidence suggests that adults can develop therapeutic alliance with self-guided digital interventions, which is in turn associated with intervention engagement. However, no research has examined whether adolescents develop therapeutic alliance with self-guided digital interventions and what factors are important to its development. Additionally, social presence-the extent to which digital encounters feel like they are occurring in person-may be another relevant factor to understanding the nature of the connection between adolescents and a self-guided digital intervention, though this has yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE This qualitative study explored the extent to which adolescents recovering from concussion developed therapeutic alliance and social presence during their use of a self-guided digital mindfulness-based intervention. Additionally, this study aimed to determine factors important to adolescents' development of therapeutic alliance and social presence with the intervention. METHODS Adolescents aged between 12 and 17.99 years who sustained a concussion were recruited from 2 sites: a pediatric emergency department up to 48 hours after a concussion and a tertiary care clinic over 1 month following a concussion to capture adolescents who had both acute and persisting symptoms after concussion. Participants (N=10) completed a 4-week mindfulness-based intervention delivered through a smartphone app. Within the app, participants listened to audio recordings of mindfulness guides (voice actors) narrating psychoeducation and mindfulness practices. At 4 weeks, participants completed questionnaires and a semistructured interview exploring their experience of therapeutic alliance and social presence with the mindfulness guides in the intervention. RESULTS Themes identified within the qualitative results revealed that participants developed therapeutic alliance and social presence by "developing a genuine connection" with their mindfulness guides and "sensing real people." Particularly important to the development of therapeutic alliance and social presence were the mindfulness guides' "personal backgrounds and voices," such that participants felt more connected to the guides by knowing information about them and through the guides' calm tone of voice in audio recordings. Quantitative findings supported qualitative results; participants' average score for therapeutic alliance was far above the scale midpoint, while the mixed results for social presence measures aligned with qualitative findings that participants felt that the mindfulness guides seemed real but not quite as real as an in-person connection would. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that adolescents can develop therapeutic alliance and social presence when using digital interventions with no direct human contact. Adolescents' development of therapeutic alliance and social presence with self-guided digital interventions can be bolstered by increasing human-like qualities (eg, real voices) within interventions. Maximizing therapeutic alliance and social presence may be a promising way to reduce attrition in self-guided digital interventions while providing accessible treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarah M K O'Kane
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thalia Otamendi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noah D Silverberg
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Esther Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronik Sicard
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Healey
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Brown
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Butterfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andra Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Kardish
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrée-Anne Ledoux
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Cairncross
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Kim SJ, Jo Y, Park SJ, Ji E, Lee JY, Choi E, Baek JY, Jang IY, Jung HW, Kim K, Ryu D, Yoo HJ, Kim BJ. Metabolomic profiles of ovariectomized mice and their associations with body composition and frailty-related parameters in postmenopausal women. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02338-x. [PMID: 38493245 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause, a dramatical estrogen-deficient condition, is considered the most significant milestone in women's health. PURPOSE To investigate the metabolite changes attributed to estrogen deficiency using random forest (RF)-based machine learning (ML) modeling strategy in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as well as determine the clinical relevance of selected metabolites in older women. METHODS AND RESULTS Untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses revealed that metabolites related to TCA cycle, sphingolipids, phospholipids, fatty acids, and amino acids, were significantly changed in the plasma and/or muscle of OVX mice. Subsequent ML classifiers based on RF algorithm selected alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), arginine, carnosine, ceramide C24, phosphatidylcholine (PC) aa C36:6, and PC ae C42:3 in plasma as well as PC aa 34:1, PC aa C34:3, PC aa C36:5, PC aa C32:1, PC aa C36:2, and sphingosine in muscle as top featured metabolites that differentiate the OVX mice from the sham-operated group. When circulating levels of AKG, arginine, and carnosine, which showed the most significant changes in OVX mice blood, were measured in postmenopausal women, higher plasma AKG levels were associated with lower bone mass, weak grip strength, poor physical performance, and increased frailty risk. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics- and ML-based methods identified the key metabolites of blood and muscle that were significantly changed after ovariectomy in mice, and the clinical implication of several metabolites was investigated by looking at their correlation with body composition and frailty-related parameters in postmenopausal women. These findings provide crucial context for understanding the diverse physiological alterations caused by estrogen deficiency in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center,, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Y Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - S J Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - E Ji
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - J Y Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - E Choi
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - J-Y Baek
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - I Y Jang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - H-W Jung
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - K Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - D Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
| | - H J Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center,, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| | - B-J Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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Sicard V, O’Kane K, Brown O, Butterfield L, Kardish R, Choi E, Healey K, Silverberg N, Smith AM, Goldfield G, Saab BJ, Gray C, Goulet K, Anderson P, Mackie C, Roth S, Osmond M, Zemek R, Cairncross M, Ledoux AA. Acceptability, usability, and credibility of a mindfulness-based digital therapeutic for pediatric concussion: A mixed-method study. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241248296. [PMID: 38698825 PMCID: PMC11064757 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241248296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to cope with concussion symptoms and manage stress is an important determinant of risk for prolonged symptoms. Objective This open-label mixed-methods pilot study assessed the acceptability and credibility of a mindfulness-based intervention delivered through a digital therapeutic (DTx; therapeutic smartphone app) for pediatric concussion. Methods Participants aged 12 to 18 years were recruited from an emergency department within 48 hours of a concussion (acute cohort) or from a tertiary care clinic at least 1-month post-concussion (persisting symptoms cohort). Participants completed a novel 4-week mindfulness-based intervention, for 10 to 15 minutes/day, at a minimum of 4 days/week. At 2 weeks, participants completed a credibility and expectancy questionnaire. At 4 weeks, participants completed questionnaires assessing satisfaction, usability and working alliance, as well as a semi-structured phone interview. Results Ten participants completed the study outcomes (7 acute; 3 persisting symptoms). The intervention was perceived as credible (median/max possible = 6.50/9.00 [6.83,8.75]) and DTx was usable (median/max possible = 70.00/100.00 [55.00,82.50]). Participants rated their satisfaction with the DTx (median/max possible = 27.00/32.00 [24.50,29.50]) and the working alliance with the digital mindfulness guides (median/max possible = 3.92/5.00 [3.38-4.33]) as high. Four themes were identified from the qualitative data: (a) positive attributes; (b) negative attributes; (c) ideas for modifications; and (d) technical issues. Conclusion Results show modifications to the DTx, instructions and mindfulness intervention, and potential ways to increase adherence by leveraging positive attributes. A randomized control trial will assess the effectiveness of the DTx MBI to decrease the risk of persisting symptoms and reduce the symptom burden following pediatric concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronik Sicard
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiarah O’Kane
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Brown
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Butterfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Kardish
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther Choi
- Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Healey
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noah Silverberg
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andra M Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Clare Gray
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristian Goulet
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Anderson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Martin Osmond
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Molly Cairncross
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Ledoux
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kim M, Byun SJ, Park SG, Kim B, Oh YK, Cho KH, Kim JH, Choi E. Assessment of Bladder Filling Type on Radiation Dose to Organs at Risk in MR-Guided Intracavity Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e657. [PMID: 37785948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) In this study, we evaluated whether the classification of bladder shape affects the absorbed dose (Gy) of OARs and its geometrical position to normal organs in MR-guided intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). MATERIALS/METHODS In this study, 269 patients who underwent MR-guided ICBT for cervical cancer from 2016 to 2022 were included. The applicator-inserted bladder filling type (BFT) classification was divided into three types (tilted, curved, and other shapes: group E). The anatomical positional relationship between the uterus and its surroundings was measured on pre-MR images and ICBT simulation MR images. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used for bladder volume and OAR dose according to BFT. Anatomical differences were analyzed by ANOVA by measuring the distance from the center to both bladder walls. RESULTS In the correlation analysis considering the shape of the bladder, the tilted, curved, and group E had Spearman's ρ of 0.211; -0.323, 0.412; -0.307 and -0.035; -0.209 for maximum absorbed dose (D2cc) of bladder and small bowel, respectively. It was statistically significant in the tilted type and curved type. The average left and right bladder lengths differences of the tilted type were the highest at 8.47 cm and 7.11 cm, respectively. It was a statistically significant between bladder shape and the difference in left and right bladder lengths differences (p< 0.01). CONCLUSION In this study, it was confirmed that bladder distension increased the maximum bladder dose (D2cc) and decreased the maximum bowel dose (D2cc) to the tilted type and curved type. In addition, if the left and right bladder lengths are measured in pre-MR, the degree of bladder distension can be evaluated in advance by checking the shape of the bladder in the case of the tilting type before ICBT. Based on these findings, a prospective study is needed to evaluate the effect of ICBT on cervical cancer treatment outcomes through bladder type classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S J Byun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of medicine, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S G Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of medicine, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - B Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - Y K Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of medicine, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - K H Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of medicine, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - E Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Keimyung University School of medicine, Daegu, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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Hnath B, Chen J, Reynolds J, Choi E, Wang J, Zhang D, Sha CM, Dokholyan NV. Big versus small: The impact of aggregate size in disease. Protein Sci 2023:e4686. [PMID: 37243896 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation results in an array of different size soluble oligomers and larger insoluble fibrils. Insoluble fibrils were originally thought to cause neuronal cell deaths in neurodegenerative diseases due to their prevalence in tissue samples and disease models. Despite recent studies demonstrating the toxicity associated with soluble oligomers, many therapeutic strategies still focus on fibrils or consider all types of aggregates as one group. Oligomers and fibrils require different modeling and therapeutic strategies, targeting the toxic species is crucial for successful study and therapeutic development. Here, we review the role of different-size aggregates in disease, and how factors contributing to aggregation (mutations, metals, post-translational modifications, and lipid interactions) may promote oligomers opposed to fibrils. We review two different computational modeling strategies (molecular dynamics and kinetic modeling) and how they are used to model both oligomers and fibrils. Finally, we outline the current therapeutic strategies targeting aggregating proteins and their strengths and weaknesses for targeting oligomers versus fibrils. Altogether, we aim to highlight the importance of distinguishing the difference between oligomers and fibrils and determining which species is toxic when modeling and creating therapeutics for protein aggregation in disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Hnath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Esther Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Congzhou M Sha
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Choi E, Thomson O, Smith D. Alopecia Areata After Initiation of Secukinumab Therapy for Plaque Psoriasis. Cureus 2023; 15:e38986. [PMID: 37378242 PMCID: PMC10292069 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of psoriasis and alopecia areata (AA) is multifactorial. The interleukin-17 (IL-17) cytokine is believed to be associated with the pathophysiology of both diseases. This case report demonstrates a 64-year-old female patient who experienced a new onset of AA after the initiation of IL-17A inhibitor, secukinumab, for the treatment of her psoriasis. To our knowledge, there are only three case reports specifically discussing IL-17A inhibitors and AA. This case report highlights a potential rare but significant side effect of IL-17A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Choi
- Dermatology, Washington State University, Spokane, USA
| | | | - David Smith
- Dermatology, Washington State University, Everett, USA
- Dermatology, The Everett Clinic, Everett, USA
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Devich R, Mahesh B, Bhat G, Kozak M, Choi E, Melton N, Dowling R. Enhanced Left Ventricular Recovery in Treatment of Mitral Regurgitation With Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Tex Heart Inst J 2023; 50:491655. [PMID: 36947441 PMCID: PMC10178643 DOI: 10.14503/thij-22-7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
A 73-year-old male patient presented with shortness of breath at rest resulting from new-onset severe primary mitral regurgitation with a flail posterior leaflet, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiogenic shock. After initial stabilization in the intensive care unit, multiple treatment options were considered for this patient, all associated with significant mortality. Ultimately, operative mitral valve repair with Impella 5.5 placement was performed for postoperative hemodynamic support. Surgical repair provided elimination of mitral regurgitation. Impella support was maintained for 7 days to provide unloading of the left ventricle. After device removal, the patient had sustained left ventricular recovery with significantly improved ejection fraction. Full left ventricular support and unloading may decrease operative risk and promote left ventricular recovery in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. This case emphasizes the value of ventricular unloading to facilitate the recovery of left ventricular function as a treatment option for patients with challenging cases of severe mitral regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Devich
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Balakrishnan Mahesh
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Geetha Bhat
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark Kozak
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Esther Choi
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathaniel Melton
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Dowling
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Choi E, Su C, Wu J, Aredo J, Neal J, Leung A, Backhus L, Marchand L, Liang S, Cheng I, Wakelee H, Han S. OA01.01 Second Primary Lung Cancer among Lung Cancer Survivors Who Never Smoked. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.09.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Wirk B, Malysz J, Choi E, Songdej N. Lorlatinib Induces Rapid and Durable Response in Refractory Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Large B-Cell Lymphoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2200536. [PMID: 36809056 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
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Bae N, Lee S, Choi E, Ahn H, Ahn H, Kwon S, Han K, Oh S, Lip G. Impact of mental disease on the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to increase the risk of mental disorders, which increases the health care burden in these patients. Also, DM is one of the risk factors leading to atrial fibrillation (AF), and the presence of concomitant AF and DM adds to the increased risks of stroke and death. It is uncertain whether mental disease is an independent risk factor of incident AF in patients with DM.
Purpose
To investigate whether diabetic patients with mental disease have an increased risk of AF.
Methods
Using the Korea National Health Insurance Service database, we enrolled 2,512,690 patients diagnosed with DM without AF between 2009 and 2021. Newly diagnosed AF was identified during the follow-up period. We compared the risk of AF between patients with mental disease and those without.
Results
Among the total population, 828,929 (32.99%; mean age 61.58±11.28; 56.71% female) patients were diagnosed with mental diseases (Figure 1). Anxiety (564,786 patients, 68.13%) was the most common mental disease, while depression was the second most common (313,773 patients, 37.85%). Diabetic patients with mental diseases had a higher percentage of women, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney failure, congestive heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, and thyroid disease. During a median 7.0 years (IQR 5.93–8.07) follow-up, 34,523 were diagnosed new-onset AF (4.66 per 1,000 person-year). In multivariate analysis, diabetic patients with mental disorders showed a higher risk of new-onset AF (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.17–1.21; p-value <0.0001) (Figure 2). Among mental diseases, depression, insomnia, and anxiety were associated with increased risks of new-onset AF (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.12–1.17; HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.13–1.18; and HR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.67–1.21; all p-value <0.0001, respectively), whereas bipolar disorder and schizophrenia showed non-statistically significant trends (due to small numbers). Subgroup analyses showed that younger age had significant interactions with depression, insomnia, and anxiety.
Conclusion
Mental diseases, especially depression, insomnia, and anxiety, showed an increased risk of AF in patients with DM. Awareness and prompt diagnosis and management of AF would be necessary for these high-risk populations at risk of incident AF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bae
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Kwon
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Han
- Soongsil University, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Lip
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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Shin SY, Jung M, Byeon K, Kang K, Park Y, Hwang Y, Lee S, Jin E, Roh S, Kim J, Ahn J, Lee S, Choi E, Ahn M, Lip G. External validation of the biomarker based ABCD score in atrial fibrillation patients with a non gender CHA2DS2 VASc score 0 to 1, A Korean multicenter retrospective cohort. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with low to intermediate risk atrial fibrillation (AF), defined as non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0–1, are still at risk of stroke. This study verified the usefulness of ABCD score (Age [≥60 years], B-type natriuretic peptide [BNP] or N-terminal pro-BNP [≥300 pg/ml], Creatinine clearance [<50 ml/min/1.73 m2], and Dimension of the left atrium [≥45 mm]) for stroke risk stratification in non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1.
Methods
This multi-center cohort study retrospectively analyzed AF patients with non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1. The primary endpoint was the incidence of stroke with or without anti-thrombotic treatment (ATT). An ABCD score was also validated.
Results
Overall, 2694 patients (56.3±9.5 years; female, 726 [26.9%]) were followed-up for 4.0±2.8 years. The overall stroke rate was 0.84/100 person-years (P-Y), stratified as follows: 0.46/100P-Y for an ABCD score 0; 1.02/100P-Y for an ABCD score≥1. The ABCD score was superior to the non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score in stroke risk stratification (C-index=0.618, P=0.015; net reclassification improvement=0.576, P=0.040; integrated differential improvement=0.033, P=0.066). ATT was prescribed in 2353 patients (86.5%), and the stroke rate was significantly lower in patients receiving non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) therapy and an ABCD score≥1 than in those without ATT (0.44/100P-Y versus 1.55/100 P-Y; hazard ratio=0.26, 95% confidence interval 0.11–0.63, P=0.003).
Conclusion
The biomarker-based ABCD score demonstrated improved stroke risk stratification in AF patients with non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1. Furthermore, NOAC with an ABCD score≥1 was associated with significantly lower stroke rate in AF patients with a non-gender CHA2DS2-VASc score 0–1.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Shin
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Jung
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Byeon
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Kang
- Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y Park
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center , Incheon , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y Hwang
- St. Vincent's Hospital , Suwon , Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)
| | - S Lee
- Kangbuk Samsung Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Jin
- Kyunghee University , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Roh
- Korea University Guro Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)
| | - J Kim
- Korea University Ansan Hospital, Cardiology , Ansan-Si , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Ahn
- Pusan National University Hospital , Pusan , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M Ahn
- Wonju Severance Christian Hospital , Wonju , Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Lip
- University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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Park J, Cho S, Lee K, Choi E, Jung W, Kim S, Park G, Song S, Kang C, Ma M, Yoo D, Paeng K, Ock CY. 94P Performance validation of an artificial intelligence-powered programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score analyzer in urothelial cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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15
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Dubinskaya A, Heard J, Choi E, Cohen T, Anger J, Eilber K, Scott V. Female Sexual Dysfunction Resources: Women and Healthcare Providers Need More Options. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Choi E, Xu P, El-Khatib F, Kavoussi P, Yafi F. Subcutaneous testosterone enanthate-autoinjector: Assessment of its post-market safety and efficacy profiles. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Huynh L, Huang E, Choi E, Yafi F. Is immediate preoperative blood glucose or hemoglobin A1c a risk factor for infection following penile prosthesis placement? A systematic review of literature. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Choi E, Barnard J, Horns J, Paudel N, Das R, Yafi F, Hotaling J. Acne, folliculitis and post-operative infection rates of penile prosthetic implants. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Osman M, El-Khatib F, Dianatnejad S, Nguyen J, Choi E, Towe M, Yafi F. Differences in the gut microbiome composition between men with Peyronie's Disease and a matched cohort: A pilot study. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiang D, Barnard J, Choi E, Furr J, Lentz A, van Renterghem K, Selph P, Yafi F. Immediate salvage with inflatable penile prosthesis in an infected field: A contemporary multi-institutional cohort. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Osman M, El-Khatib F, Dianatnejad S, Nguyen J, Choi E, Towe M, Yafi F. Differences in the gut microbiome composition between men with erectile dysfunction and a matched cohort: A pilot study. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Choi E, Xu P, Loeb C, El-Khatib F, Yafi F, Kavoussi P. Intramuscular testosterone cypionate vs subcutaneous testosterone enanthate: Comparing the outcomes in hypogonadal men. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Jiang D, Barnard J, Choi E, Furr J, Lentz A, van Renterghem K, Selph P, Yafi FA. Immediate Salvage with Inflatable Penile Prosthesis in an Infected Field: A Contemporary Multi-institutional Cohort. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Osman MM, El-Khatib FM, Dianatnejad S, Nguyen J, Choi E, Towe M, Yafi FA. Differences in the Gut Microbiome Composition Between Men with Erectile Dysfunction and A Matched Cohort: A Pilot Study. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Choi E, Barnard J, Horns J, Paudel N, Das R, Yafi F, Hotaling J. Acne, Folliculitis and Post-Operative Infection Rates of Penile Prosthetic Implants. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Choi E, Byun E, Kwon SU, Kim N, Suh CH, Kwon H, Han Y, Kwon TW, Cho YP. Carotid Plaque Composition Assessed by CT Predicts Subsequent Cardiovascular Events among Subjects with Carotid Stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:2199-2206. [PMID: 34711554 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Currently, the characteristics of carotid plaques are considered important factors for identifying subjects at high risk of stroke. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that carotid plaque composition assessed by CTA is associated with an increased risk of future major adverse cardiovascular events among asymptomatic subjects with moderate-to-severe carotid artery stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-center, retrospective cohort study included 194 carotid plaques from 176 asymptomatic subjects with moderate-to-severe carotid artery stenosis. The association of CTA-determined plaque composition with the risk of subsequent adverse cardiovascular events was analyzed. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 41 months, the adverse cardiovascular event incidence among 194 carotid plaques was 19.6%. There were significant differences in plaque Hounsfield units (P < .001) and spotty calcium presence (P < .001) between carotid plaques from subjects with and without subsequent adverse cardiovascular events. Multivariable analysis revealed carotid plaque Hounsfield unit density (P < .001) and spotty calcium (P < .001) as independent predictors of subsequent adverse cardiovascular events. In association with moderate carotid artery stenosis, the plaque Hounsfield unit values were significantly lower among carotid plaques from subjects who experienced subsequent adverse cardiovascular events (P = .002), strokes (P = .01), and cardiovascular deaths (P = .04); the presence of spotty calcium was significantly associated with the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events (P = .001), acute coronary syndrome (P = .01), and cardiovascular death (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Carotid plaque Hounsfield unit density and spotty calcium were independent predictors of a greater risk of adverse cardiovascular event occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Choi
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | - E Byun
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | | | - N Kim
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (N.K.)
| | - C H Suh
- Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (C.H.S.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kwon
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | - Y Han
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | - T-W Kwon
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
| | - Y-P Cho
- From the Departments of Surgery (E.C., E.B., H.K., Y.H., T.-W.K., Y.-P.C.)
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Yoo Y, Park S, Choi E, Sung SH. The role of intraoperative frozen section analysis in joint arthroplasty with CD66b immunohistochemical staining. Malays J Pathol 2021; 43:405-411. [PMID: 34958062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The preoperative diagnosis of infection during joint arthroplasty is important for clinical management. However, the evaluation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) during frozen section analysis is sometimes difficult due to frozen artifacts. In the present study, we sought to investigate the utility of intraoperative fresh frozen section (FFS) examination for diagnosis of infection and to evaluate whether the neutrophil-specific surface marker CD66b helps to improve the diagnostic accuracy of infection. A consecutive series of 65 original frozen sections at the time of resection arthroplasty was retrospectively reviewed compared with corresponding permanent sections. The presence of PMNs was determined using intraoperative FFS and permanent sections. Furthermore, CD66b staining was performed to identify PMNs clearly. The ratio of male to female patients was 21:42. The mean age was 70 years. Postoperatively, 25 of 65 cases were histologically diagnosed with infection (25/65; 39%). The sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative FFS relative to permanent section histology were 100% (25/25) and 95% (38/40), respectively. Among 40 patients without infection, two showed false-positive results during intraoperative FFS diagnosis (2/40, 5%). In addition, on CD66b staining, six cases (9%) experienced changes in results, which altered the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative FFS compared with permanent histology only to 87% and 87%, respectively. In conclusion, the diagnostic performance of intraoperative FFS is high and comparable to yields of permanent section histology. Therefore, intraoperative FFS is highly suitable diagnostic method for detection of infection during joint arthroplasty. And CD66b immunostaining facilitates delicate identification of PMNs, especially in equivocal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoo
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - E Choi
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea.
| | - S H Sung
- Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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Choi E, Baek S, Baek K, Kim HK. Psidium guajava L. leaf extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation and improves insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:568-578. [PMID: 34603605 PMCID: PMC8446691 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.5.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves have been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in rodents. This study investigated the effects of guava leaf extract on adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and lipolysis of adipocytes to examine whether the antidiabetic properties are mediated through direct effects on adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 25, 50, 100 µg/mL of methanol extract from guava leaf extract (GLE) or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide as a control. Lipid accumulation was evaluated with Oil Red O Staining and AdipoRed assay. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glucose uptake under basal or insulin-stimulated condition was measured using a glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Lipolysis from fully differentiated adipocytes was measured by free fatty acids release into the culture medium in the presence or absence of epinephrine. RESULTS Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay have shown that GLE treatment reduced lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Mitotic clonal expansion, an early essential event for adipocyte differentiation, was inhibited by GLE treatment. GLE inhibited the expression of transcription factors involved in adipocyte differentiation, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). FAS expression was also decreased while the phosphorylation of AMPK was increased by GLE treatment. In addition, GLE increased insulin-induced glucose uptake into adipocytes. In lipid-filled mature adipocytes, GLE enhanced epinephrine-induced lipolysis but reduced basal lipolysis dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS The results show that GLE inhibits adipogenesis and improves adipocyte function by reducing basal lipolysis and increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, which can be partly associated with antidiabetic effects of guava leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Seoyoung Baek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Kuanglim Baek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
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Wu J, Ding V, Luo S, Choi E, Hellyer J, Myall N, Henry S, Wood D, Stehr H, Ji H, Nagpal S, Hayden Gephart M, Wakelee H, Neal J, Han S. P62.02 A Predictive Model to Guide Brain MRI Surveillance in Patients With Metastatic Lung Cancer: Impact on Real World Outcomes. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Li Y, Choi E, Hayrapetian A, Appiah-Kubi E, Gershenson J, Asvadi N, Berenji GR. Comparison of Low Energy and Medium Energy Collimators for Thyroid Scintigraphy with 123I. J Nucl Med Technol 2021; 50:25-29. [PMID: 34583952 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.121.262517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
123I thyroid scintigraphy can be performed with either a low energy or medium energy collimator. The high-energy photon emissions from 123I cause septal penetration with scattered photons, which deteriorate image quality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of collimator choice on 123I thyroid scintigraphy in clinical practice. Methods: Forty seven patients who received thyroid planar scintigraphy with both a low energy high resolution (LEHR) collimator and a medium energy (ME) collimator were prospectively recruited using the same imaging protocol. Image quality, collimator sensitivity, and estimation of thyroid size were assessed between LEHR and ME collimators, and were compared with thyroid ultrasonography as the gold standard. Results: Images acquired with the ME collimator demonstrate less scattered background noise, improved thyroid to background contrast, and increased sensitivity in the thyroid gland compared to images acquired by the LEHR collimator. Manual measurement of the thyroid length is more accurate by using the ME collimator. Automatic estimation of the thyroid area size by using the same thyroid cutoff threshold is larger in ME collimator images than in LEHR collimator images. Conclusion: 123I thyroid scintigraphy using the ME collimator generates cleaner images with less background noise and has higher collimator sensitivity for thyroid imaging compared to the LEHR collimator. Different thyroid cutoff threshold should be used to estimate the thyroid area size and volume between low and medium energy collimators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States
| | - Esther Choi
- Department of Radiology, Penn Stage Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
| | | | - Emmanuel Appiah-Kubi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
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Ellebrecht C, Choi E, Radaelli E, Payne A. 470 Engineering chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for treatment of γδ T cell lymphomas. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jang Y, Choi E, Rhee MK, Yoon H, Park NS, Chiriboga DA. Older Korean Americans' concern about Alzheimer's disease: the role of immigration-related factors and objective and subjective cognitive status. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:807-813. [PMID: 32003243 PMCID: PMC7392805 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1720596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The present study examined the associations between immigration-related factors and objective and subjective cognitive status with older Korean Americans' concern about developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). It was hypothesized that (1) AD concern would be associated with immigration-related factors and (2) self-rated cognitive status would mediate the relationship between cognitive performance (Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores) and concern about AD.Method: Using data from the Study of Older Korean Americans (n = 2061, mean age = 73.2; 66.8% female), the direct and indirect effect models were tested.Results: Korean American immigrants with a higher level of acculturation had better cognitive performance, more positive self-ratings of cognitive status, and a lower level of concern about AD. Both poor cognitive performance and negative self-ratings of cognitive status were associated with increased concern about AD. Supporting the mediation hypothesis, the indirect effect of cognitive performance on AD concern through self-rated cognitive status was significant (bias corrected 95% confidence interval for the indirect effect = -.012, -.003).Conclusion: The mediation model not only helps us better understand the psychological mechanisms that underlie the link between cognitive status and AD concern but also highlights the potential importance of subjective perceptions about cognitive status as an avenue for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Jang
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - E. Choi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M. K. Rhee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - H. Yoon
- School of Social Work, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - N. S. Park
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D. A. Chiriboga
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Hsue W, Sharpe AN, Darling SL, Visser LC, Choi E, Stern JA. Aorto-left atrial fistula secondary to infective aortic endocarditis and endarteritis in a cat with valvular aortic stenosis. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 35:101-107. [PMID: 33906113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A cat previously diagnosed with valvular aortic stenosis developed acute respiratory distress. A new continuous heart murmur was noted on physical exam. Echocardiographic examination revealed vegetative lesions on the aortic valve and continuously shunting blood flow from the aorta into the left atrium. Despite initial treatment for left-sided congestive heart failure, the cat died suddenly. In addition to confirming aortic valve endocarditis and an acquired aorto-left atrial shunt, pathological examination identified vegetative lesions on the luminal surface of the ascending aorta. Although antemortem aerobic blood culture, 16s bacterial ribosomal DNA PCR, and Bartonella PCR failed to identify causative organisms, Escherichia coli was identified on postmortem tissue culture of the aortic lesion. This represented a unique case of primary valvular aortic stenosis with secondary infective aortic endocarditis, infective aortic endarteritis, and aorto-left atrial fistula in a cat. It highlighted potential adverse outcomes of aortic stenosis that are more commonly recognized in humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hsue
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California - Davis, One Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - A N Sharpe
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California - Davis, One Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - S L Darling
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California - Davis, One Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L C Visser
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - E Choi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, One Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Choi E, Towe M, Huynh L, El-Khatib F, Yafi F, Ahlering T. 015 Predictive Ability of Free Testosterone on Sexual Function in Prostate cCncer. J Sex Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Huynh L, Huang E, Choi E, El-Khatib F, Yafi F. 153 Is Immediate Preoperative Blood Glucose or Hemoglobin a1c a Risk Factor for Infection Following Penile Prosthesis Placement? A Systematic Review of Literature. J Sex Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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36
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Xu P, Choi E, El-Khatib F, Kavoussi P, Yafi F. 034 Post-market Safety and Efficacy Profile of Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate-autoinjector. J Sex Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Choi E, Xu P, Loeb C, El-Khatib F, Yafi F, Kavoussi P. 027 Comparison of Outcomes for Hypogonadal Men Treated with Intramuscular Testosterone Cypionate Versus Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate. J Sex Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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El-Khatib F, Huynh L, Osman M, Choi E, Yafi F, Ahlering T. 158 Penile Length Shortening Following Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Impacts on Erections and Sexual Bother. J Sex Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Masterson J, Zhao H, Choi E, Anger J. 124 Sex, Drugs, and Ischemic Priapism: Insights into the Culture Surrounding Recreational use of Intracavernosal Injectables in an Urban Population. J Sex Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Choi E, Wiseman T, Gordon C, Betihavas V. Beyond the Biomedical Paradigm! The Biomedical, Socioeconomic and Demographic Predictors of Heart Failure Readmissions. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Choi E, Luo S, Tammemägi M, Aredo J, Marchand L, Cheng I, Wakelee H, Han S. PR01.02 Smoking Cessation After Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Risk of Second Primary Lung Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Choi E, El-Khatib F, Huynh L, Yafi F, Ahlering T. Climacturia and incontinence in post-radical prostatectomy. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)34041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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43
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Kim B, Lee N, Lee C, Lee Y, Lee S, Hwang H, Kim E, Choi E. 213 Increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 contributes to the impaired barrier in aged skin. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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El-Khatib F, Huynh L, Choi E, Osman M, Yafi F, Ahlering T. Penile length shortening following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: Impacts on erections, sexual bother, and recovery. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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45
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Choi E, Towe M, Huynh L, El-Khatib F, Yafi F, Ahlering T. Free testosterone predicts preoperative sexual function in men over 60 years of age with prostate cancer. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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46
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Osman M, El-Khatib F, Su H, Huynh L, Choi E, Yafi F, Ahlering T. Climacturia after robot assisted radical prostatectomy: Does pre-operative erectile dysfunction affect who recovers? EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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47
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Choi E, Charles KE, Charles KL, Stewart KM, Morrall CE, Dennis MM. Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Embryo and Hatchling Pathology in Grenada, with Comparison to St. Kitts. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2020. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1395.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Choi
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies [; ; ]
| | | | | | - Kimberly M. Stewart
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies [; ; ]
| | | | - Michelle M. Dennis
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies [; ; ]
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Hwang K, Dokgo K, Choi E, Burch JL, Sibeck DG, Giles BL, Hasegawa H, Fu HS, Liu Y, Wang Z, Nakamura TKM, Ma X, Fear RC, Khotyaintsev Y, Graham DB, Shi QQ, Escoubet CP, Gershman DJ, Paterson WR, Pollock CJ, Ergun RE, Torbert RB, Dorelli JC, Avanov L, Russell CT, Strangeway RJ. Magnetic Reconnection Inside a Flux Rope Induced by Kelvin-Helmholtz Vortices. J Geophys Res Space Phys 2020; 125:e2019JA027665. [PMID: 32714734 PMCID: PMC7375157 DOI: 10.1029/2019ja027665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
On 5 May 2017, MMS observed a crater-type flux rope on the dawnside tailward magnetopause with fluctuations. The boundary-normal analysis shows that the fluctuations can be attributed to nonlinear Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) waves. Reconnection signatures such as flow reversals and Joule dissipation were identified at the leading and trailing edges of the flux rope. In particular, strong northward electron jets observed at the trailing edge indicated midlatitude reconnection associated with the 3-D structure of the KH vortex. The scale size of the flux rope, together with reconnection signatures, strongly supports the interpretation that the flux rope was generated locally by KH vortex-induced reconnection. The center of the flux rope also displayed signatures of guide-field reconnection (out-of-plane electron jets, parallel electron heating, and Joule dissipation). These signatures indicate that an interface between two interlinked flux tubes was undergoing interaction, causing a local magnetic depression, resulting in an M-shaped crater flux rope, as supported by reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.‐J. Hwang
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - K. Dokgo
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - E. Choi
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - J. L. Burch
- Southwest Research InstituteSan AntonioTXUSA
| | | | - B. L. Giles
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
| | - H. Hasegawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical ScienceJapan Aerospace Exploration AgencySagamiharaJapan
| | - H. S. Fu
- School of Science and EnvironmentBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Y. Liu
- School of Science and EnvironmentBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Z. Wang
- School of Science and EnvironmentBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | | | - X. Ma
- Physical Sciences DepartmentEmbry‐Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFLUSA
| | - R. C. Fear
- School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | | | | | - Q. Q. Shi
- School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityPekingChina
| | - C. P. Escoubet
- European Space Research and Technology CentreNoordwijkthe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - R. E. Ergun
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado at BoulderBoulderCOUSA
| | - R. B. Torbert
- Space Science CenterUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | | | - L. Avanov
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA
- The Goddard Planetary Heliophysics InstituteUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - C. T. Russell
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - R. J. Strangeway
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
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Nelson WL, Chemey AT, Hertz M, Choi E, Graf DE, Latturner S, Albrecht-Schmitt TE, Wei K, Baumbach RE. Superconductivity in a uranium containing high entropy alloy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4717. [PMID: 32170108 PMCID: PMC7070041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61666-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
High entropy alloys (HEA) are an unusual class of materials where mixtures of elements are stochastically arrayed on a simple crystalline lattice. These systems exhibit remarkable functionality, often along several distinct axes: e.g., the examples [TaNb]1-x(TiZrHf)x are high strength and damage resistant refractory metals that also exhibit superconductivity with large upper critical fields. Here we report the discovery of an f-electron containing HEA, [TaNb]0.31(TiUHf)0.69, which is the first to include an actinide ion. Similar to the Zr-analogue, this material crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice with the lattice constant a = 3.41(1) Å and exhibits phonon mediated superconductivity with a transition temperatures Tc ≈ 3.2 K and upper critical fields Hc2 ≈ 6.4 T. These results expand this class of materials to include actinide elements, shows that superconductivity is robust in this sub-group, and opens the path towards leveraging HEAs as functional waste forms for a variety of radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Nelson
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - A T Chemey
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - M Hertz
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - E Choi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - D E Graf
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - S Latturner
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | | | - K Wei
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - R E Baumbach
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
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Lee K, Kim J, Kim Y, Sohn H, So B, Choi E. Histopathological and Aetiological Diagnosis in Brain Tissues from Cattle with Neurological Signs in Korea, 2008–2018. J Comp Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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