1
|
Chaux F, Jarrige D, Rodrigues-Azevedo M, Bujaldon S, Caspari OD, Ozawa SI, Drapier D, Vallon O, Choquet Y, de Vitry C. Chloroplast ATP synthase biogenesis requires peripheral stalk subunits AtpF and ATPG and stabilization of atpE mRNA by OPR protein MDE1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1582-1599. [PMID: 37824282 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast ATP synthase contains subunits of plastid and nuclear genetic origin. To investigate the coordinated biogenesis of this complex, we isolated novel ATP synthase mutants in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by screening for high light sensitivity. We report here the characterization of mutants affecting the two peripheral stalk subunits b and b', encoded respectively by the atpF and ATPG genes, and of three independent mutants which identify the nuclear factor MDE1, required to stabilize the chloroplast-encoded atpE mRNA. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a transposon insertion in the 3'UTR of ATPG while mass spectrometry shows a small accumulation of functional ATP synthase in this knock-down ATPG mutant. In contrast, knock-out ATPG mutants, obtained by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, fully prevent ATP synthase function and accumulation, as also observed in an atpF frame-shift mutant. Crossing ATP synthase mutants with the ftsh1-1 mutant of the major thylakoid protease identifies AtpH as an FTSH substrate, and shows that FTSH significantly contributes to the concerted accumulation of ATP synthase subunits. In mde1 mutants, the absence of atpE transcript fully prevents ATP synthase biogenesis and photosynthesis. Using chimeric atpE genes to rescue atpE transcript accumulation, we demonstrate that MDE1, a novel octotricopeptide repeat (OPR) protein, genetically targets the atpE 5'UTR. In the perspective of the primary endosymbiosis (~1.5 Gy), the recruitment of MDE1 to its atpE target exemplifies a nucleus/chloroplast interplay that evolved rather recently, in the ancestor of the CS clade of Chlorophyceae, ~300 My ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chaux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Domitille Jarrige
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Marcio Rodrigues-Azevedo
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Bujaldon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Oliver D Caspari
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Drapier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Vallon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Yves Choquet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Qi Y, Liu N, Zhang Q, Xie S, Lei Y, Li B, Shao J, Yu F, Liu X. Interaction of PALE CRESS with PAP2/pTAC2 and PAP3/pTAC10 affects the accumulation of plastid-encoded RNA polymerase complexes in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1433-1448. [PMID: 37668229 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription of photosynthesis genes in chloroplasts is largely mediated by the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP), which resembles prokaryotic-type RNA polymerases, but with plant-specific accessory subunits known as plastid transcriptionally active chromosome proteins (pTACs) or PEP-associated proteins (PAPs). However, whether additional factors are involved in the biogenesis of PEP complexes remains unknown. Here, we investigated the function of an essential gene, PALE CRESS (PAC), in the accumulation of PEP complexes in chloroplasts. We established that an Arabidopsis leaf variegation mutant, variegated 6-1 (var6-1), is a hypomorphic allele of PAC. Unexpectedly, we revealed that a fraction of VAR6/PAC is associated with thylakoid membranes, where it interacts with PEP complexes. The accumulation of PEP complexes is defective in both var6-1 and the null allele var6-2. Further protein interaction assays confirmed that VAR6/PAC interacts directly with the PAP2/pTAC2 and PAP3/pTAC10 subunits of PEP complexes. Moreover, we generated viable hypomorphic alleles of the essential gene PAP2/pTAC2, and revealed a genetic interaction between PAC and PAP2/pTAC2 in photosynthesis gene expression and PEP complex accumulation. Our findings establish that VAR6/PAC affects PEP complex accumulation through interactions with PAP2/pTAC2 and PAP3/pTAC10, and provide new insights into the accumulation of PEP and chloroplast development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yafei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Sha Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bilang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jingxia Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiayan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lei Y, Li B, Wang X, Wei J, Wang P, Zhao J, Yu F, Qi Y. Chloroplast SRP54 and FtsH protease coordinate thylakoid membrane-associated proteostasis in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2318-2335. [PMID: 36994815 PMCID: PMC10315307 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid membrane protein quality control (PQC), which requires the coordination of membrane protein translocation and degradation of unassembled proteins, determines chloroplast development during de-etiolation. Despite numerous efforts, the regulation of this process in land plants is largely unknown. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of pale green Arabidopsis4 (pga4) mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with defects in chloroplast development during de-etiolation. Map-based cloning and complementation assays confirmed that PGA4 encodes the chloroplast Signal Recognition Particle 54 kDa (cpSRP54) protein. A heterogeneous Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b Binding-Green Fluorescent Protein (LhcB2-GFP) fusion protein was generated as an indicative reporter for cpSRP54-mediated thylakoid translocation. LhcB2-GFP was dysfunctional and degraded to a short-form dLhcB2-GFP during de-etiolation through an N-terminal degradation initiated on thylakoid membranes. Further biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrated that the degradation of LhcB2-GFP to dLhcB2-GFP was disrupted in pga4 and yellow variegated2 (var2) mutants caused by mutations in the Filamentous Temperature-Sensitive H2 (VAR2/AtFtsH2) subunit of thylakoid FtsH. The yeast two-hybrid assay showed that the N-terminus of LhcB2-GFP interacts with the protease domain of VAR2/AtFtsH2. Moreover, the over-accumulated LhcB2-GFP in pga4 and var2 formed protein aggregates, which were insoluble in mild nonionic detergents. Genetically, cpSRP54 is a suppressor locus for the leaf variegation phenotype of var2. Together, these results demonstrate the coordination of cpSRP54 and thylakoid FtsH in maintaining thylakoid membrane PQC during the assembly of photosynthetic complexes and provide a trackable substrate and product for monitoring cpSRP54-dependent protein translocation and FtsH-dependent protein degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Bilang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyou Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Cai X, Tang B, Xie Q, Chen G, Chen X, Hu Z. SlERF.J2 reduces chlorophyll accumulation and inhibits chloroplast biogenesis and development in tomato leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111578. [PMID: 36608875 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll metabolism and chloroplast biogenesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves contribute to photosynthesis; however, their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we found that overexpression of SlERF.J2 (ethylene transcription factor) resulted in a decrease in leaf chlorophyll content and reduced accumulation of starch and soluble sugar. The slerf.j2 knockout mutant showed no apparent change. Further observation of tissue sections and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that SlERF.J2 was involved in chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast formation. RNA-seq of mature SlERF.J2-OE leaves showed that many genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast formation were significantly downregulated compared with those in WT leaves. Genome global scanning of the ERF TF binding site combined with RNA-seq differential gene expression and qRT-PCR detection analysis showed that COP1 was a potential target gene of SlERF.J2. Tobacco transient expression technology, a dual-luciferase reporter system and Y1H technology were employed to verify that SlERF.J2 could bind to the COP1 promoter. Notably, overexpression of SlERF.J2 in Nr mutants resulted in impaired chloroplast biogenesis and development. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that SlERF.J2 plays an essential role in chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast formation, laying a foundation for enhancing plant photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Chen
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xi Cai
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Boyan Tang
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xuqing Chen
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of molecular biology of tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu W, Cui Z, Guo J, Cui X, Han G, Zhu Y, Hu J, Gao X, Li Y, Xu M, Fu A, Wang F. Immunophilin CYN28 is required for accumulation of photosystem II and thylakoid FtsH protease in Chlamydomonas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1002-1016. [PMID: 36417279 PMCID: PMC9922407 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess light causes severe photodamage to photosystem II (PSII) where the primary charge separation for electron transfer takes place. Dissection of mechanisms underlying the PSII maintenance and repair cycle in green algae promotes the usage of genetic engineering and synthetic biology to improve photosynthesis and biomass production. In this study, we systematically analyzed the high light (HL) responsive immunophilin genes in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) and identified one chloroplast lumen-localized immunophilin, CYN28, as an essential player in HL tolerance. Lack of CYN28 caused HL hypersensitivity, severely reduced accumulation of PSII supercomplexes and compromised PSII repair in cyn28. The thylakoid FtsH (filamentation temperature-sensitive H) is an essential AAA family metalloprotease involved in the degradation of photodamaged D1 during the PSII repair cycle and was identified as one potential target of CYN28. In the cyn28 mutant, the thylakoid FtsH undergoes inefficient turnover under HL conditions. The CYN28-FtsH1/2 interaction relies on the FtsH N-terminal proline residues and is strengthened particularly under HL. Further analyses demonstrated CYN28 displays peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity, which is necessary for its physiological function. Taken together, we propose that immunophilin CYN28 participates in PSII maintenance and regulates the homeostasis of FtsH under HL stress via its PPIase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihan Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zheng Cui
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiayu Cui
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guomao Han
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinju Hu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yeqing Li
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min Xu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gebremeskel H, Umer MJ, Hongju Z, Li B, Shengjie Z, Yuan P, Xuqiang L, Nan H, Wenge L. Genetic mapping and molecular characterization of the delayed green gene dg in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1152644. [PMID: 37152178 PMCID: PMC10158938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are common in higher plants that can be used as markers in crop breeding and are important tools in understanding regulatory mechanisms of chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Genetic analysis was performed by evaluating F1, F2 and BC1 populations derived from two parental lines (Charleston gray with green leaf color and Houlv with delayed green leaf color), suggesting that a single recessive gene controls the delayed green leaf color. In this study, the delayed green mutant showed a conditional pale green leaf color at the early leaf development but turned to green as the leaf development progressed. Delayed green leaf plants showed reduced pigment content, photosynthetic, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and impaired chloroplast development compared with green leaf plants. The delayed green (dg) locus was mapped to 7.48 Mb on chromosome 3 through bulk segregant analysis approach, and the gene controlling delayed green leaf color was narrowed to 53.54 kb between SNP130 and SNP135 markers containing three candidate genes. Sequence alignment of the three genes indicated that there was a single SNP mutation (G/A) in the coding region of ClCG03G010030 in the Houlv parent, which causes an amino acid change from Arginine to Lysine. The ClCG03G010030 gene encoded FtsH extracellular protease protein family is involved in early delayed green leaf development. The expression level of ClCG03G010030 was significantly reduced in delayed green leaf plants than in green leaf plants. These results indicated that the ClCG03G010030 might control watermelon green leaf color and the single SNP variation in ClCG03G010030 may result in early delayed green leaf color development during evolutionary process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haileslassie Gebremeskel
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Horticulture, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhu Hongju
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao Shengjie
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingli Yuan
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Xuqiang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - He Nan
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu Wenge
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of South Asian Fruits and Cucurbits, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liu Wenge,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chloroplast envelope ATPase PGA1/AtFtsH12 is required for chloroplast protein accumulation and cytosol-chloroplast protein homeostasis in Arabidopsis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102489. [PMID: 36113581 PMCID: PMC9574505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of photosynthetic protein complexes during chloroplast development requires the influx of a large number of chloroplast proteins that are encoded by the nuclear genome, which is critical for cytosol and chloroplast protein homeostasis and chloroplast development. However, the mechanisms regulating this process are still not well understood in higher plants. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the pale green Arabidopsis pga1-1 mutant, which is defective in chloroplast development and chloroplast protein accumulation. Using genetic and biochemical evidence, we reveal that PGA1 encodes AtFtsH12, a chloroplast envelope-localized protein of the FtsH family proteins. We determined a G703R mutation in the GAD motif of the conserved ATPase domain renders the pga1-1 a viable hypomorphic allele of the essential gene AtFtsH12. In de-etiolation assays, we showed that the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins and the expression of photosynthetic genes were impaired in pga1-1. Using the FNRctp-GFP and pTAC2-GFP reporters, we demonstrated that AtFtsH12 was required for the accumulation of chloroplast proteins in vivo. Interestingly, we identified an increase in expression of the mutant AtFtsH12 gene in pga1-1, suggesting a feedback regulation. Moreover, we found that cytosolic and chloroplast proteostasis responses were triggered in pga1-1. Together, taking advantage of the novel pga1-1 mutant, we demonstrate the function of AtFtsH12 in chloroplast protein homeostasis and chloroplast development.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang JZ, van de Ven W, Xiao Y, He X, Ke H, Yang P, Dehesh K. Reciprocity between a retrograde signal and a putative metalloprotease reconfigures plastidial metabolic and structural states. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0724. [PMID: 35658042 PMCID: PMC9166295 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reconfiguration of the plastidial proteome in response to environmental cues is central to tailoring adaptive responses. To define the underlying mechanisms and consequences of these reconfigurations, we performed a suppressor screen, using a mutant (ceh1) accumulating high levels of a plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite, MEcPP. We isolated a revertant partially suppressing the dwarf stature and high salicylic acid of ceh1 and identified the mutation in a putative plastidial metalloprotease (VIR3). Biochemical analyses showed increased VIR3 levels in ceh1, accompanied by reduced abundance of VIR3-target enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, and glyceraldehyde 3-phophate dehydrogenase B. These proteomic shifts elicited increased H2O2, salicylic acid, and MEcPP levels, as well as stromule formation. High light recapitulated VIR3-associated reconfiguration of plastidial metabolic and structural states. These results establish a link between a plastidial stress-inducible retrograde signaling metabolite and a putative metalloprotease and reveal how the reciprocity between the two components modulates plastidial metabolic and structural states, shaping adaptive responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zheng Wang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wilhelmina van de Ven
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yanmei Xiao
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiang He
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu L, Zhang H, Xie C, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang H, Weng Y, Chen P, Li Y. A mutation in CsHD encoding a histidine and aspartic acid domain-containing protein leads to yellow young leaf-1 (yyl-1) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 293:110407. [PMID: 32081257 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are an ideal tool to study chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. In this study, we identified an EMS-induced yellow young leaf mutant C777. The mutant exhibited yellow cotyledons and emerging true leaves with stay-green dots that turn green gradually with leaf growth. Segregation analysis in several populations indicated that the mutant C777 was controlled by a recessive gene yyl-1. Fine mapping delimited the yyl-1 locus to a 45.3 kb region harboring 8 putative genes, but only one SNP (G to A) was identified between C777 and its wild-type parental line in this region which occurred in the 13th exon of CsHD that encodes a histidine and aspartic acid (HD) domain containing protein. This nonsense mutation introduced a stop codon and thus a premature protein. Uniqueness of this mutant allele was verified in 515 cucumber lines. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed significantly reduced expression of CsHD gene in the mutant. Further, silencing the NbHD gene by VIGS in tobacco resulted in virescent young leaves and significantly down-regulated expression of HD gene. These results strongly supported the association of the CsHD gene with the virescent young leaf phenotype in C777. This is the first report to clone and characterize the CsHD gene in the horticultural crops. The results may help understand the functions of the HD gene in chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiqun Weng
- USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen N, Wang P, Li C, Wang Q, Pan J, Xiao F, Wang Y, Zhang K, Li C, Yang B, Sun C, Deng X. A Single Nucleotide Mutation of the IspE Gene Participating in the MEP Pathway for Isoprenoid Biosynthesis Causes a Green-Revertible Yellow Leaf Phenotype in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1905-1917. [PMID: 29893915 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant isoprenoids are dependent on two independent pathways, the cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway and the plastidic methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. IspE is one of seven known enzymes in the MEP pathway. Currently, no IspE gene has been identified in rice. In addition, no virescent mutants have been reported to result from a gene mutation affecting the MEP pathway. In this study, we isolated a green-revertible yellow leaf mutant gry340 in rice. The mutant exhibited a reduced level of photosynthetic pigments, and an arrested development of chloroplasts and mitochondria in its yellow leaves. Map-based cloning revealed a missense mutation in OsIspE (LOC_Os01g58790) in gry340 mutant plants. OsIspE is constitutively expressed in all tissues, and its encoded protein is targeted to the chloroplast. Further, the mutant phenotype of gry340 was rescued by introduction of the wild-type gene. Therefore, we have successfully identified an IspE gene in monocotyledons via map-based cloning, and confirmed that the green-revertible yellow leaf phenotype of gry340 does result from a single nucleotide mutation in the IspE gene. In addition, the ispE ispF double mutant displayed an etiolation lethal phenotype, indicating that the isoprenoid precursors from the cytosol cannot efficiently compensate for the deficiency of the MEP pathway in rice chloroplasts. Furthermore, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR suggested that this functional defect in OsIspE affected the expression of not only other MEP pathway genes but also that of MVA pathway genes, photosynthetic genes and mitochondrial genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nenggang Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Pingrong Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuliang Xiao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang S, Zhi H, Li W, Shan J, Tang C, Jia G, Tang S, Diao X. SiYGL2 Is Involved in the Regulation of Leaf Senescence and Photosystem II Efficiency in Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1308. [PMID: 30233633 PMCID: PMC6131628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A yellow-green leaf mutant was isolated from EMS-mutagenized lines of Setaria italica variety Yugu1. Map-based cloning revealed the mutant gene is a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana AtEGY1. EGY1 (ethylene-dependent gravitropism-deficient and yellow-green 1) is an ATP-independent metalloprotease (MP) that is required for chloroplast development, photosystem protein accumulation, hypocotyl gravitropism, leaf senescence, and ABA signal response in A. thaliana. However, the function of EGY1 in monocotyledonous C4 plants has not yet been described. The siygl2 mutant is phenotypically characterized by chlorotic organs, premature senescence, and damaged PS II function. Sequence comparisons of the AtEGY1 and SiYGL2 proteins reveals the potential for SiYGL2 to encode a partially functional protein. Phenotypic characterization and gene expression analysis suggested that SiYGL2 participates in the regulation of chlorophyll content, leaf senescence progression, and PS II function. Additionally, our research will contribute to further characterization of the mechanisms regulating leaf senescence and photosynthesis in S. italica, and in C4 plants in general.
Collapse
|
12
|
Majsec K, Bhuiyan NH, Sun Q, Kumari S, Kumar V, Ware D, van Wijk KJ. The Plastid and Mitochondrial Peptidase Network in Arabidopsis thaliana: A Foundation for Testing Genetic Interactions and Functions in Organellar Proteostasis. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2687-2710. [PMID: 28947489 PMCID: PMC5728138 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant plastids and mitochondria have dynamic proteomes. Protein homeostasis in these organelles is maintained by a proteostasis network containing protein chaperones, peptidases, and their substrate recognition factors. However, many peptidases, as well as their functional connections and substrates, are poorly characterized. This review provides a systematic insight into the organellar peptidase network in Arabidopsis thaliana We present a compendium of known and putative Arabidopsis peptidases and inhibitors, and compare the distribution of plastid and mitochondrial peptidases to the total peptidase complement. This comparison shows striking biases, such as the (near) absence of cysteine and aspartic peptidases and peptidase inhibitors, whereas other peptidase families were exclusively organellar; reasons for such biases are discussed. A genome-wide mRNA-based coexpression data set was generated based on quality controlled and normalized public data, and used to infer additional plastid peptidases and to generate a coexpression network for 97 organellar peptidase baits (1742 genes, making 2544 edges). The graphical network includes 10 modules with specialized/enriched functions, such as mitochondrial protein maturation, thermotolerance, senescence, or enriched subcellular locations such as the thylakoid lumen or chloroplast envelope. The peptidase compendium, including the autophagy and proteosomal systems, and the annotation based on the MEROPS nomenclature of peptidase clans and families, is incorporated into the Plant Proteome Database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Majsec
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nazmul H Bhuiyan
- School for Integrative Plant Sciences, Section Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Qi Sun
- Computational Biology Service Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Sunita Kumari
- Cold Spring Harbor laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 17724
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Cold Spring Harbor laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 17724
| | - Doreen Ware
- Cold Spring Harbor laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 17724
| | - Klaas J van Wijk
- School for Integrative Plant Sciences, Section Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of the virescent gene v 1 in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 293:249-264. [PMID: 29052764 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The young leaves of virescent mutants are yellowish and gradually turn green as the plants reach maturity. Understanding the genetic basis of virescent mutants can aid research of the regulatory mechanisms underlying chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis, as well as contribute to the application of virescent traits in crop breeding. In this study, fine mapping was employed, and a recessive gene (v 1) from a virescent mutant of Upland cotton was narrowed to an 84.1-Kb region containing ten candidate genes. The GhChlI gene encodes the cotton Mg-chelatase I subunit (CHLI) and was identified as the candidate gene for the virescent mutation using gene annotation. BLAST analysis showed that the GhChlI gene has two copies, Gh_A10G0282 and Gh_D10G0283. Sequence analysis indicated that the coding region (CDS) of GhChlI is 1269 bp in length, with three predicted exons and one non-synonymous nucleotide mutation (G1082A) in the third exon of Gh_D10G0283, with an amino acid (AA) substitution of arginine (R) to lysine (K). GhChlI-silenced TM-1 plants exhibited a lower GhChlI expression level, a lower chlorophyll content, and the virescent phenotype. Analysis of upstream regulatory elements and expression levels of GhChlI showed that the expression quantity of GhChlI may be normal, and with the development of the true leaf, the increase in the Gh_A10G0282 dosage may partially make up for the deficiency of Gh_D10G0283 in the v 1 mutant. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment revealed that the protein sequence encoded by the third exon of GhChlI is highly conserved across diverse plant species, in which AA substitutions among the completely conserved residues frequently result in changes in leaf color in various species. These results suggest that the mutation (G1082A) within the GhChlI gene may cause a functional defect of the GhCHLI subunit and thus the virescent phenotype in the v1 mutant. The GhChlI mutation not only provides a tool for understanding the associations of CHLI protein function and the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway but also has implications for cotton breeding.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang F, Qi Y, Malnoë A, Choquet Y, Wollman FA, de Vitry C. The High Light Response and Redox Control of Thylakoid FtsH Protease in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:99-114. [PMID: 27702692 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the major protease involved in the maintenance of photosynthetic machinery in thylakoid membranes, the FtsH protease, mostly forms large hetero-oligomers (∼1 MDa) comprising FtsH1 and FtsH2 subunits, whatever the light intensity for growth. Upon high light exposure, the FtsH subunits display a shorter half-life, which is counterbalanced by an increase in FTSH1/2 mRNA levels, resulting in the modest upregulation of FtsH1/2 proteins. Furthermore, we found that high light increases the protease activity through a hitherto unnoticed redox-controlled reduction of intermolecular disulfide bridges. We isolated a Chlamydomonas FTSH1 promoter-deficient mutant, ftsh1-3, resulting from the insertion of a TOC1 transposon, in which the high light-induced upregulation of FTSH1 gene expression is largely lost. In ftsh1-3, the abundance of FtsH1 and FtsH2 proteins are loosely coupled (decreased by 70% and 30%, respectively) with no formation of large and stable homo-oligomers. Using strains exhibiting different accumulation levels of the FtsH1 subunit after complementation of ftsh1-3, we demonstrate that high light tolerance is tightly correlated with the abundance of the FtsH protease. Thus, the response of Chlamydomonas to light stress involves higher levels of FtsH1/2 subunits associated into large complexes with increased proteolytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yafei Qi
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Alizée Malnoë
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yves Choquet
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Francis-André Wollman
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 75005, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nishimura K, Kato Y, Sakamoto W. Essentials of Proteolytic Machineries in Chloroplasts. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:4-19. [PMID: 27585878 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are unique organelles that can alter their structure and function in response to environmental and developmental stimuli. Chloroplasts are one type of plastid and are the sites for various metabolic processes, including photosynthesis. For optimal photosynthetic activity, the chloroplast proteome must be properly shaped and maintained through regulated proteolysis and protein quality control mechanisms. Enzymatic functions and activities are conferred by protein maturation processes involving consecutive proteolytic reactions. Protein abundances are optimized by the balanced protein synthesis and degradation, which is depending on the metabolic status. Malfunctioning proteins are promptly degraded. Twenty chloroplast proteolytic machineries have been characterized to date. Specifically, processing peptidases and energy-driven processive proteases are the major players in chloroplast proteome biogenesis, remodeling, and maintenance. Recently identified putative proteases are potential regulators of photosynthetic functions. Here we provide an updated, comprehensive overview of chloroplast protein degradation machineries and discuss their importance for photosynthesis. Wherever possible, we also provide structural insights into chloroplast proteases that implement regulated proteolysis of substrate proteins/peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nishimura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kato
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Wataru Sakamoto
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liang S, Qi Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Wang R, Shao J, Liu X, An L, Yu F. Mutations in the Arabidopsis AtMRS2-11/ AtMGT10/ VAR5 Gene Cause Leaf Reticulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2007. [PMID: 29234332 PMCID: PMC5712471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the development of functional chloroplasts is essential for photosynthesis and many other physiological processes. With a long-term goal of elucidating the genetic regulation of chloroplast development, we identified two allelic leaf variegation mutants, variegated5-1 (var5-1) and var5-2. Both mutants showed a distinct leaf reticulation phenotype of yellow paraveinal regions and green interveinal regions, and the leaf reticulation phenotype correlated with photosynthetic defects. Through the identification of mutation sites in the two mutant alleles and the molecular complementation, we confirmed that VAR5 encodes a CorA family of Mg2+ transporters also known as AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10. Using protoplast transient expression and biochemical fractionation assays, we demonstrated that AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10/VAR5 likely localizes to the chloroplast envelope. Moreover, we established that AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10/VAR5 forms large molecular weight complexes in the chloroplast and the sizes of these complexes clearly exceed those of their bacterial counterparts, suggesting the compositions of CorA Mg2+ transporter complex is different between the chloroplast and bacteria. Our findings indicate that AtMRS2-11/AtMGT10/VAR5 plays an important role in the tissue specific regulation of chloroplast development.
Collapse
|
17
|
Morita R, Nakagawa M, Takehisa H, Hayashi Y, Ichida H, Usuda S, Ichinose K, Abe H, Shirakawa Y, Sato T, Fujiwara MT, Itoh RD, Abe T. Heavy-ion beam mutagenesis identified an essential gene for chloroplast development under cold stress conditions during both early growth and tillering stages in rice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:271-282. [PMID: 27804786 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1249452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We isolated a cold sensitive virescent1 (csv1) mutant from a rice (Oryza sativa L.) population mutagenized by carbon ion irradiation. The mutant exhibited chlorotic leaves during the early growth stages, and produced normal green leaves as it grew. The growth of csv1 plants displayed sensitivity to low temperatures. In addition, the mutant plants that were transferred to low temperatures at the fifth leaf stage produced chlorotic leaves subsequently. Genetic and molecular analyses revealed translocation of a 13-kb genomic fragment that disrupted the causative gene (CSV1; LOC_Os05g34040). CSV1 encodes a plastid-targeted oxidoreductase-like protein conserved among land plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. Furthermore, CSV1 transcripts were more abundant in immature than in mature leaves, and they did not markedly increase or decrease with temperature. Taken together, our results indicate that CSV1 supports chloroplast development under cold stress conditions, in both the early growth and tillering stages in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryouhei Morita
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| | - Mayu Nakagawa
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| | - Hinako Takehisa
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| | - Yoriko Hayashi
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ichida
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| | - Sachiko Usuda
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Abe
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| | - Yuki Shirakawa
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| | - Tadashi Sato
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan.,b Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Makoto T Fujiwara
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan.,c Faculty of Science and Technology , Sophia University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryuuichi D Itoh
- d Faculty of Science , University of the Ryukyus , Nishihara, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- a Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| |
Collapse
|