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Sokrat B, Nguyen AH, Thomsen ARB, Huang LY, Kobayashi H, Kahsai AW, Kim J, Ho BX, Ma S, Little J, Ehrhart C, Pyne I, Hammond E, Bouvier M. Role of the V2R-βarrestin-Gβγ complex in promoting G protein translocation to endosomes. Commun Biol 2024; 7:826. [PMID: 38972875 PMCID: PMC11228049 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Classically, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) promote signaling at the plasma membrane through activation of heterotrimeric Gαβγ proteins, followed by the recruitment of GPCR kinases and βarrestin (βarr) to initiate receptor desensitization and internalization. However, studies demonstrated that some GPCRs continue to signal from internalized compartments, with distinct cellular responses. Both βarr and Gβγ contribute to such non-canonical endosomal G protein signaling, but their specific roles and contributions remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R)-βarr complex scaffolds Gβγ at the plasma membrane through a direct interaction with βarr, enabling its transport to endosomes. Gβγ subsequently potentiates Gαs endosomal translocation, presumably to regenerate an endosomal pool of heterotrimeric Gs. This work shines light on the mechanism underlying G protein subunits translocation from the plasma membrane to the endosomes and provides a basis for understanding the role of βarr in mediating sustained G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Sokrat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University School of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Anthony H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Alex R B Thomsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University School of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Li-Yin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Alem W Kahsai
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Jihee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Bing X Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Symon Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - John Little
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Catherine Ehrhart
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ian Pyne
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Emmery Hammond
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
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2
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Saito A, Kise R, Inoue A. Generation of Comprehensive GPCR-Transducer-Deficient Cell Lines to Dissect the Complexity of GPCR Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:599-619. [PMID: 38719480 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.124.001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) compose the largest family of transmembrane receptors and are targets of approximately one-third of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs owing to their involvement in almost all physiologic processes. GPCR signaling occurs through the activation of heterotrimeric G-protein complexes and β-arrestins, both of which serve as transducers, resulting in distinct cellular responses. Despite seeming simple at first glance, accumulating evidence indicates that activation of either transducer is not a straightforward process as a stimulation of a single molecule has the potential to activate multiple signaling branches. The complexity of GPCR signaling arises from the aspects of G-protein-coupling selectivity, biased signaling, interpathway crosstalk, and variable molecular modifications generating these diverse signaling patterns. Numerous questions relative to these aspects of signaling remained unanswered until the recent development of CRISPR genome-editing technology. Such genome editing technology presents opportunities to chronically eliminate the expression of G-protein subunits, β-arrestins, G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), and many other signaling nodes in the GPCR pathways at one's convenience. Here, we review the practicality of using CRISPR-derived knockout (KO) cells in the experimental contexts of unraveling the molecular details of GPCR signaling mechanisms. To mention a few, KO cells have revealed the contribution of β-arrestins in ERK activation, Gα protein selectivity, GRK-based regulation of GPCRs, and many more, hence validating its broad applicability in GPCR studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review emphasizes the practical application of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) transducer knockout (KO) cells in dissecting the intricate regulatory mechanisms of the GPCR signaling network. Currently available cell lines, along with accumulating KO cell lines in diverse cell types, offer valuable resources for systematically elucidating GPCR signaling regulation. Given the association of GPCR signaling with numerous diseases, uncovering the system-based signaling map is crucial for advancing the development of novel drugs targeting specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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3
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Janicot R, Maziarz M, Park JC, Zhao J, Luebbers A, Green E, Philibert CE, Zhang H, Layne MD, Wu JC, Garcia-Marcos M. Direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity with a universal biosensor platform. Cell 2024; 187:1527-1546.e25. [PMID: 38412860 PMCID: PMC10947893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins encoded in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G-protein Optical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells. By characterizing dozens of GPCRs across many cell types like primary cardiovascular cells or neurons, we revealed insights into the molecular basis for G-protein coupling selectivity of GPCRs, pharmacogenomic profiles of anti-psychotics on naturally occurring GPCR variants, and G-protein subtype signaling bias by endogenous GPCRs depending on cell type or upon inducing disease-like states. In summary, this open-source platform makes the direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity broadly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Janicot
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elena Green
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Clementine Eva Philibert
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mathew D Layne
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Demby A, Zaccolo M. Investigating G-protein coupled receptor signalling with light-emitting biosensors. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1310197. [PMID: 38260094 PMCID: PMC10801095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1310197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most frequent target of currently approved drugs and play a central role in both physiological and pathophysiological processes. Beyond the canonical understanding of GPCR signal transduction, the importance of receptor conformation, beta-arrestin (β-arr) biased signalling, and signalling from intracellular locations other than the plasma membrane is becoming more apparent, along with the tight spatiotemporal compartmentalisation of downstream signals. Fluorescent and bioluminescent biosensors have played a pivotal role in elucidating GPCR signalling events in live cells. To understand the mechanisms of action of the GPCR-targeted drugs currently available, and to develop new and better GPCR-targeted therapeutics, understanding these novel aspects of GPCR signalling is critical. In this review, we present some of the tools available to interrogate each of these features of GPCR signalling, we illustrate some of the key findings which have been made possible by these tools and we discuss their limitations and possible developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Janicot R, Maziarz M, Park JC, Luebbers A, Green E, Zhao J, Philibert C, Zhang H, Layne MD, Wu JC, Garcia-Marcos M. Direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity with a universal biosensor platform. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573921. [PMID: 38260348 PMCID: PMC10802303 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of druggable proteins in the human genome, but progress in understanding and targeting them is hindered by the lack of tools to reliably measure their nuanced behavior in physiologically-relevant contexts. Here, we developed a collection of compact ONE vector G-protein Optical (ONE-GO) biosensor constructs as a scalable platform that can be conveniently deployed to measure G-protein activation by virtually any GPCR with high fidelity even when expressed endogenously in primary cells. By characterizing dozens of GPCRs across many cell types like primary cardiovascular cells or neurons, we revealed new insights into the molecular basis for G-protein coupling selectivity of GPCRs, pharmacogenomic profiles of anti-psychotics on naturally-occurring GPCR variants, and G-protein subtype signaling bias by endogenous GPCRs depending on cell type or upon inducing disease-like states. In summary, this open-source platform makes the direct interrogation of context-dependent GPCR activity broadly accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi Janicot
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcin Maziarz
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Alex Luebbers
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Elena Green
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Clementine Philibert
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mathew D. Layne
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Wright SC, Motso A, Koutsilieri S, Beusch CM, Sabatier P, Berghella A, Blondel-Tepaz É, Mangenot K, Pittarokoilis I, Sismanoglou DC, Le Gouill C, Olsen JV, Zubarev RA, Lambert NA, Hauser AS, Bouvier M, Lauschke VM. GLP-1R signaling neighborhoods associate with the susceptibility to adverse drug reactions of incretin mimetics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6243. [PMID: 37813859 PMCID: PMC10562414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are important drug targets that engage and activate signaling transducers in multiple cellular compartments. Delineating therapeutic signaling from signaling associated with adverse events is an important step towards rational drug design. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a validated target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity, but drugs that target this receptor are a frequent cause of adverse events. Using recently developed biosensors, we explored the ability of GLP-1R to activate 15 pathways in 4 cellular compartments and demonstrate that modifications aimed at improving the therapeutic potential of GLP-1R agonists greatly influence compound efficacy, potency, and safety in a pathway- and compartment-selective manner. These findings, together with comparative structure analysis, time-lapse microscopy, and phosphoproteomics, reveal unique signaling signatures for GLP-1R agonists at the level of receptor conformation, functional selectivity, and location bias, thus associating signaling neighborhoods with functionally distinct cellular outcomes and clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane C Wright
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Aikaterini Motso
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefania Koutsilieri
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian M Beusch
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75185, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Teramo, 64100, Italy
| | - Élodie Blondel-Tepaz
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kimberley Mangenot
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | | | - Christian Le Gouill
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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7
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Flaherty SE, Bezy O, Zheng W, Yan D, Li X, Jagarlapudi S, Albuquerque B, Esquejo RM, Peloquin M, Semache M, Mancini A, Kang L, Drujan D, Breitkopf SB, Griffin JD, Jean Beltran PM, Xue L, Stansfield J, Pashos E, Shakey Q, Pehmøller C, Monetti M, Birnbaum MJ, Fortin JP, Wu Z. Chronic UCN2 treatment desensitizes CRHR2 and improves insulin sensitivity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3953. [PMID: 37402735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urocortin 2 (UCN2) acts as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2). UCN2 has been reported to improve or worsen insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in vivo. Here we show that acute dosing of UCN2 induces systemic insulin resistance in male mice and skeletal muscle. Inversely, chronic elevation of UCN2 by injection with adenovirus encoding UCN2 resolves metabolic complications, improving glucose tolerance. CRHR2 recruits Gs in response to low concentrations of UCN2, as well as Gi and β-Arrestin at high concentrations of UCN2. Pre-treating cells and skeletal muscle ex vivo with UCN2 leads to internalization of CRHR2, dampened ligand-dependent increases in cAMP, and blunted reductions in insulin signaling. These results provide mechanistic insights into how UCN2 regulates insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and in vivo. Importantly, a working model was derived from these results that unifies the contradictory metabolic effects of UCN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Flaherty
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Olivier Bezy
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dong Yan
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiangping Li
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Srinath Jagarlapudi
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bina Albuquerque
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Esquejo
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Peloquin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Liya Kang
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Doreen Drujan
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susanne B Breitkopf
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John D Griffin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pierre M Jean Beltran
- Machine Learning and Computational Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liang Xue
- Machine Learning and Computational Sciences, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John Stansfield
- Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Evanthia Pashos
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Quazi Shakey
- Biomedicine design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mara Monetti
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Morris J Birnbaum
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Fortin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhidan Wu
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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8
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Zhou Y, Jia K, Wang S, Li Z, Li Y, Lu S, Yang Y, Zhang L, Wang M, Dong Y, Zhang L, Zhang W, Li N, Yu Y, Cao X, Hou J. Malignant progression of liver cancer progenitors requires lysine acetyltransferase 7-acetylated and cytoplasm-translocated G protein GαS. Hepatology 2023; 77:1106-1121. [PMID: 35344606 PMCID: PMC10026959 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocarcinogenesis goes through HCC progenitor cells (HcPCs) to fully established HCC, and the mechanisms driving the development of HcPCs are still largely unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Proteomic analysis in nonaggregated hepatocytes and aggregates containing HcPCs from a diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC mouse model was screened using a quantitative mass spectrometry-based approach to elucidate the dysregulated proteins in HcPCs. The heterotrimeric G stimulating protein α subunit (GαS) protein level was significantly increased in liver cancer progenitor HcPCs, which promotes their response to oncogenic and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and drives premalignant HcPCs to fully established HCC. Mechanistically, GαS was located at the membrane inside of hepatocytes and acetylated at K28 by acetyltransferase lysine acetyltransferase 7 (KAT7) under IL-6 in HcPCs, causing the acyl protein thioesterase 1-mediated depalmitoylation of GαS and its cytoplasmic translocation, which were determined by GαS K28A mimicking deacetylation or K28Q mimicking acetylation mutant mice and hepatic Kat7 knockout mouse. Then, cytoplasmic acetylated GαS associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to impede its interaction with suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, thus promoting in a feedforward manner STAT3 phosphorylation and the response to IL-6 in HcPCs. Clinically, GαS, especially K28-acetylated GαS, was determined to be increased in human hepatic premalignant dysplastic nodules and positively correlated with the enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation, which were in accordance with the data obtained in mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Malignant progression of HcPCs requires increased K28-acetylated and cytoplasm-translocated GαS, causing enhanced response to IL-6 and driving premalignant HcPCs to fully established HCC, which provides mechanistic insight and a potential target for preventing hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwei Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suyuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyun Yang
- Center for Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luxin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhi Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Immunotherapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Gaitonde SA, Bouvier M. Enhanced Bystander BRET (ebBRET) Biosensors as Biophysical Tools to Map the Signaling Profile of Neuropsychiatric Drugs Targeting GPCRs. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2687:15-30. [PMID: 37464159 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3307-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a non-radiative energy transfer between a bioluminescent donor and a fluorescent acceptor with far-reaching applications in detecting physiologically relevant protein-protein interactions. The recently developed enhanced bystander BRET (ebBRET) biosensors have made it possible to rapidly determine the signaling profile of a series of ligands across a large number of GPCRs and their signaling repertoires, which has tremendous implications in the drug discovery process. Here we describe BRET and the ebBRET biosensors as investigational tools in establishing functional selectivity downstream of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya A Gaitonde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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10
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Kankanamge D, Tennakoon M, Karunarathne A, Gautam N. G protein gamma subunit, a hidden master regulator of GPCR signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102618. [PMID: 36272647 PMCID: PMC9678972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins (αβγ subunits) that are activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the biological responses of eukaryotic cells to extracellular signals. The α subunits and the tightly bound βγ subunit complex of G proteins have been extensively studied and shown to control the activity of effector molecules. In contrast, the potential roles of the large family of γ subunits have been less studied. In this review, we focus on present knowledge about these proteins. Induced loss of individual γ subunit types in animal and plant models result in strikingly distinct phenotypes indicating that γ subtypes play important and specific roles. Consistent with these findings, downregulation or upregulation of particular γ subunit types result in various types of cancers. Clues about the mechanistic basis of γ subunit function have emerged from imaging the dynamic behavior of G protein subunits in living cells. This shows that in the basal state, G proteins are not constrained to the plasma membrane but shuttle between membranes and on receptor activation βγ complexes translocate reversibly to internal membranes. The translocation kinetics of βγ complexes varies widely and is determined by the membrane affinity of the associated γ subtype. On translocating, some βγ complexes act on effectors in internal membranes. The variation in translocation kinetics determines differential sensitivity and adaptation of cells to external signals. Membrane affinity of γ subunits is thus a parsimonious and elegant mechanism that controls information flow to internal cell membranes while modulating signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kankanamge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mithila Tennakoon
- Department of Chemistry, St Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - N Gautam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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11
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Kwon Y, Mehta S, Clark M, Walters G, Zhong Y, Lee HN, Sunahara RK, Zhang J. Non-canonical β-adrenergic activation of ERK at endosomes. Nature 2022; 611:173-179. [PMID: 36289326 PMCID: PMC10031817 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of signalling receptors, as well as important drug targets, are known to activate extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-a master regulator of cell proliferation and survival1. However, the precise mechanisms that underlie GPCR-mediated ERK activation are not clearly understood2-4. Here we investigated how spatially organized β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signalling controls ERK. Using subcellularly targeted ERK activity biosensors5, we show that β2AR signalling induces ERK activity at endosomes, but not at the plasma membrane. This pool of ERK activity depends on active, endosome-localized Gαs and requires ligand-stimulated β2AR endocytosis. We further identify an endosomally localized non-canonical signalling axis comprising Gαs, RAF and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, resulting in endosomal ERK activity that propagates into the nucleus. Selective inhibition of endosomal β2AR and Gαs signalling blunted nuclear ERK activity, MYC gene expression and cell proliferation. These results reveal a non-canonical mechanism for the spatial regulation of ERK through GPCR signalling and identify a functionally important endosomal signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mary Clark
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Geneva Walters
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanghao Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ha Neul Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roger K Sunahara
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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12
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Randolph CE, Dwyer MB, Aumiller JL, Dixon AJ, Inoue A, Osei-Owusu P, Wedegaertner PB. Enhanced membrane binding of oncogenic G protein αqQ209L confers resistance to inhibitor YM-254890. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102538. [PMID: 36174676 PMCID: PMC9626947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins couple activated G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) to intracellular signaling pathways. They can also function independently of GPCR activation upon acquiring mutations that prevent GTPase activity and result in constitutive signaling, as occurs with the αqQ209L mutation in uveal melanoma. YM-254890 (YM) can inhibit signaling by both GPCR-activated WT αq and GPCR-independent αqQ209L. Although YM inhibits WT αq by binding to αq-GDP and preventing GDP/GTP exchange, the mechanism of YM inhibition of cellular αqQ209L remains to be fully understood. Here, we show that YM promotes a subcellular redistribution of αqQ209L from the plasma membrane (PM) to the cytoplasm. To test if this loss of PM localization could contribute to the mechanism of inhibition of αqQ209L by YM, we developed and examined N-terminal mutants of αqQ209L, termed PM-restricted αqQ209L, in which the addition of membrane-binding motifs enhanced PM localization and prevented YM-promoted redistribution. Treatment of cells with YM failed to inhibit signaling by these PM-restricted αqQ209L. Additionally, pull-down experiments demonstrated that YM promotes similar conformational changes in both αqQ209L and PM-restricted αqQ209L, resulting in increased binding to βγ and decreased binding to regulator RGS2, and effectors p63RhoGEF-DH/PH and phospholipase C-β. GPCR-dependent signaling by PM-restricted WT αq is strongly inhibited by YM, demonstrating that resistance to YM inhibition by membrane-binding mutants is specific to constitutively active αqQ209L. Together, these results indicate that changes in membrane binding impact the ability of YM to inhibit αqQ209L and suggest that YM contributes to inhibition of αqQ209L by promoting its relocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinita E Randolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Morgan B Dwyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jenna L Aumiller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alethia J Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Philip B Wedegaertner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
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13
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Avet C, Mancini A, Breton B, Le Gouill C, Hauser AS, Normand C, Kobayashi H, Gross F, Hogue M, Lukasheva V, St-Onge S, Carrier M, Héroux M, Morissette S, Fauman EB, Fortin JP, Schann S, Leroy X, Gloriam DE, Bouvier M. Effector membrane translocation biosensors reveal G protein and βarrestin coupling profiles of 100 therapeutically relevant GPCRs. eLife 2022; 11:74101. [PMID: 35302493 PMCID: PMC9005190 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition that individual GPCRs can activate multiple signaling pathways has raised the possibility of developing drugs selectively targeting therapeutically relevant ones. This requires tools to determine which G proteins and βarrestins are activated by a given receptor. Here, we present a set of BRET sensors monitoring the activation of the 12 G protein subtypes based on the translocation of their effectors to the plasma membrane (EMTA). Unlike most of the existing detection systems, EMTA does not require modification of receptors or G proteins (except for Gs). EMTA was found to be suitable for the detection of constitutive activity, inverse agonism, biased signaling and polypharmacology. Profiling of 100 therapeutically relevant human GPCRs resulted in 1500 pathway-specific concentration-response curves and revealed a great diversity of coupling profiles ranging from exquisite selectivity to broad promiscuity. Overall, this work describes unique resources for studying the complexities underlying GPCR signaling and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Avet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Billy Breton
- Domain Therapeutics North America, Montréal, Canada
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Mireille Hogue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Viktoriya Lukasheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Stéphane St-Onge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marilyn Carrier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Madeleine Héroux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Eric B Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Cambridge, United States
| | | | | | | | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada
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14
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Degroot GN, Lepage V, Parmentier M, Springael JY. The Atypical Chemerin Receptor GPR1 Displays Different Modes of Interaction with β-Arrestins in Humans and Mice with Important Consequences on Subcellular Localization and Trafficking. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061037. [PMID: 35326488 PMCID: PMC8947326 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) have emerged as a subfamily of chemokine receptors regulating the local bioavailability of their ligands through scavenging, concentration, or transport. The biological roles of ACKRs in human physiology and diseases are often studied by using transgenic mouse models. However, it is unknown whether mouse and human ACKRs share the same properties. In this study, we compared the properties of the human and mouse atypical chemerin receptor GPR1 and showed that they behave differently regarding their interaction with β-arrestins. Human hGPR1 interacts with β-arrestins as a result of chemerin stimulation, whereas its mouse orthologue mGPR1 displays a strong constitutive interaction with β-arrestins in basal conditions. The constitutive interaction of mGPR1 with β-arrestins is accompanied by a redistribution of the receptor from the plasma membrane to early and recycling endosomes. In addition, β-arrestins appear mandatory for the chemerin-induced internalization of mGPR1, whereas they are dispensable for the trafficking of hGPR1. However, mGPR1 scavenges chemerin and activates MAP kinases ERK1/2 similarly to hGPR1. Finally, we showed that the constitutive interaction of mGPR1 with β-arrestins required different structural constituents, including the receptor C-terminus and arginine 3.50 in the second intracellular loop. Altogether, our results show that sequence variations within cytosolic regions of GPR1 orthologues influence their ability to interact with β-arrestins, with important consequences on GPR1 subcellular distribution and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan-Nagim Degroot
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (G.-N.D.); (V.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Valentin Lepage
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (G.-N.D.); (V.L.); (M.P.)
| | - Marc Parmentier
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (G.-N.D.); (V.L.); (M.P.)
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (Welbio), 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Springael
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (G.-N.D.); (V.L.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Illuminating the complexity of GPCR pathway selectivity - advances in biosensor development. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 69:142-149. [PMID: 34048988 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It should come as no surprise that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) continue to occupy the focus of drug discovery efforts. Their widespread expression and broad role in signal transduction underline their importance in human physiology. Despite more than 800 GPCRs sharing a common architecture, unique differences govern ligand specificity and pathway selectivity. From the relatively simplified view offered by classical radioligand binding assays and contractility responses in organ baths, the road from ligand binding to biological action has become more and more complex as we learn about the molecular mediators that underly GPCR activation and translate it to physiological outcomes. In particular, the development of biosensors has evolved over the years to dissect the capacity of a given receptor to activate individual pathways. Here, we discuss how recent biosensor development has reinforced the idea that biased signaling may become mainstream in drug discovery programs.
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16
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BRET-based effector membrane translocation assay monitors GPCR-promoted and endocytosis-mediated G q activation at early endosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025846118. [PMID: 33990469 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025846118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are gatekeepers of cellular homeostasis and the targets of a large proportion of drugs. In addition to their signaling activity at the plasma membrane, it has been proposed that their actions may result from translocation and activation of G proteins at endomembranes-namely endosomes. This could have a significant impact on our understanding of how signals from GPCR-targeting drugs are propagated within the cell. However, little is known about the mechanisms that drive G protein movement and activation in subcellular compartments. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based effector membrane translocation assays, we dissected the mechanisms underlying endosomal Gq trafficking and activity following activation of Gq-coupled receptors, including the angiotensin II type 1, bradykinin B2, oxytocin, thromboxane A2 alpha isoform, and muscarinic acetylcholine M3 receptors. Our data reveal that GPCR-promoted activation of Gq at the plasma membrane induces its translocation to endosomes independently of β-arrestin engagement and receptor endocytosis. In contrast, Gq activity at endosomes was found to rely on both receptor endocytosis-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In addition to shedding light on the molecular processes controlling subcellular Gq signaling, our study provides a set of tools that will be generally applicable to the study of G protein translocation and activation at endosomes and other subcellular organelles, as well as the contribution of signal propagation to drug action.
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17
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Bondar A, Jang W, Sviridova E, Lambert NA. Components of the G s signaling cascade exhibit distinct changes in mobility and membrane domain localization upon β 2 -adrenergic receptor activation. Traffic 2021; 21:324-332. [PMID: 32096320 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The G protein signaling cascade is a key player in cell signaling. Cascade activation leads to a redistribution of its members in various cellular compartments. These changes are likely related to the "second wave" of signaling from endosomes. Here, we set out to determine whether Gs signaling cascade members expressed at very low levels exhibit altered mobility and localize in clathrin-coated structures (CCSs) or caveolae upon activation by β2 -adrenergic receptors (β2 AR). Activated β2 AR showed decreased mobility and sustained accumulation in CCSs but not in caveolae. Arrestin 3 translocated to the plasma membrane after β2 AR activation and showed very low mobility and pronounced accumulation in CCSs. In contrast, Gαs and Gγ2 exhibited a modest reduction in mobility but no detectable accumulation in or exclusion from CCSs or caveolae. The effector adenylyl cyclase 5 (AC5) showed a slight mobility increase upon β2 AR stimulation, no redistribution to CCSs, and weak activation-independent accumulation in caveolae. Our findings show an overall decrease in the mobility of most activated Gs signaling cascade members and confirm that β2 AR and arrestin 3 accumulate in CCSs, while Gαs , Gγ2 and AC5 can transiently enter CCSs and caveolae but do not accumulate in and are not excluded from these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bondar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic
| | - Wonjo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ekaterina Sviridova
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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18
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Bondar A, Lazar J. Optical sensors of heterotrimeric G protein signaling. FEBS J 2020; 288:2570-2584. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bondar
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Nove Hrady Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic
| | - Josef Lazar
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Nove Hrady Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
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19
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Chen JJ, Marsden AN, Scott CA, Akimzhanov AM, Boehning D. DHHC5 Mediates β-Adrenergic Signaling in Cardiomyocytes by Targeting Gα Proteins. Biophys J 2019; 118:826-835. [PMID: 31547976 PMCID: PMC7036738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible posttranslational modification that plays an important role in regulating protein localization, trafficking, and stability. Recent studies have shown that some proteins undergo extremely rapid palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycles after cellular stimulation supporting a direct signaling role for this posttranslational modification. Here, we investigated whether β-adrenergic stimulation of cardiomyocytes led to stimulus-dependent palmitoylation of downstream signaling proteins. We found that β-adrenergic stimulation led to rapidly increased Gαs and Gαi palmitoylation. The kinetics of palmitoylation was temporally consistent with the downstream production of cAMP and contractile responses. We identified the plasma membrane-localized palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC5 as an important mediator of the stimulus-dependent palmitoylation in cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of DHHC5 showed that this enzyme is necessary for palmitoylation of Gαs, Gαi, and functional responses downstream of β-adrenergic stimulation. A palmitoylation assay with purified components revealed that Gαs and Gαi are direct substrates of DHHC5. Finally, we provided evidence that the C-terminal tail of DHHC5 can be palmitoylated in response to stimulation and such modification is important for its dynamic localization and function in the plasma membrane. Our results reveal that DHHC5 is a central regulator of signaling downstream of β-adrenergic receptors in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Autumn N Marsden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - C Anthony Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Askar M Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey.
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20
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Abstract
S-palmitoylation is required for membrane anchoring, proper trafficking, and the normal function of hundreds of integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Previous bioorthogonal pulse-chase proteomics analyses identified Ras family GTPases, polarity proteins, and G proteins as rapidly cycling S-palmitoylated proteins sensitive to depalmitoylase inhibition, yet the breadth of enzyme regulated dynamic S-palmitoylation largely remains a mystery. Here, we present a pulsed bioorthogonal S-palmitoylation assay for temporal analysis of S-palmitoylation dynamics. Low concentration hexadecylfluorophosphonate (HDFP) inactivates the APT and ABHD17 families of depalmitoylases, which dramatically increases alkynyl-fatty acid labeling and stratifies S-palmitoylated proteins into kinetically distinct subgroups. Most surprisingly, HDFP treatment does not affect steady-state S-palmitoylation levels, despite inhibiting all validated depalmitoylating enzymes. S-palmitoylation profiling of APT1-/-/APT2-/- mouse brains similarly show no change in S-palmitoylation levels. In comparison with hydroxylamine-switch methods, bioorthogonal alkynyl fatty acids are only incorporated into a small fraction of dynamic S-palmitoylated proteins, raising the possibility that S-palmitoylation is more stable than generally characterized. Overall, disrupting depalmitoylase activity enhances alkynyl fatty acid incorporation, but does not greatly affect steady state S-palmitoylation across the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Won
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brent R. Martin
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Wan Q, Okashah N, Inoue A, Nehmé R, Carpenter B, Tate CG, Lambert NA. Mini G protein probes for active G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in live cells. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29523687 PMCID: PMC5949987 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are key signaling proteins that regulate nearly every aspect of cell function. Studies of GPCRs have benefited greatly from the development of molecular tools to monitor receptor activation and downstream signaling. Here, we show that mini G proteins are robust probes that can be used in a variety of assay formats to report GPCR activity in living cells. Mini G (mG) proteins are engineered GTPase domains of Gα subunits that were developed for structural studies of active-state GPCRs. Confocal imaging revealed that mG proteins fused to fluorescent proteins were located diffusely in the cytoplasm and translocated to sites of receptor activation at the cell surface and at intracellular organelles. Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays with mG proteins fused to either a fluorescent protein or luciferase reported agonist, superagonist, and inverse agonist activities. Variants of mG proteins (mGs, mGsi, mGsq, and mG12) corresponding to the four families of Gα subunits displayed appropriate coupling to their cognate GPCRs, allowing quantitative profiling of subtype-specific coupling to individual receptors. BRET between luciferase–mG fusion proteins and fluorescent markers indicated the presence of active GPCRs at the plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, and endosomes. Complementation assays with fragments of NanoLuc luciferase fused to GPCRs and mG proteins reported constitutive receptor activity and agonist-induced activation with up to 20-fold increases in luminescence. We conclude that mG proteins are versatile tools for studying GPCR activation and coupling specificity in cells and should be useful for discovering and characterizing G protein subtype–biased ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Najeah Okashah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Rony Nehmé
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB20QH, United Kingdom
| | - Byron Carpenter
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB20QH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912.
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22
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Won SJ, Cheung See Kit M, Martin BR. Protein depalmitoylases. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:83-98. [PMID: 29239216 PMCID: PMC6009847 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1409191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein depalmitoylation describes the removal of thioester-linked long chain fatty acids from cysteine residues in proteins. For many S-palmitoylated proteins, this process is promoted by acyl protein thioesterase enzymes, which catalyze thioester hydrolysis to solubilize and displace substrate proteins from membranes. The closely related enzymes acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1; LYPLA1) and acyl protein thioesterase 2 (APT2; LYPLA2) were initially identified from biochemical assays as G protein depalmitoylases, yet later were shown to accept a number of S-palmitoylated protein and phospholipid substrates. Leveraging the development of isoform-selective APT inhibitors, several studies report distinct roles for APT enzymes in growth factor and hormonal signaling. Recent crystal structures of APT1 and APT2 reveal convergent acyl binding channels, suggesting additional factors beyond acyl chain recognition mediate substrate selection. In addition to APT enzymes, the ABHD17 family of hydrolases contributes to the depalmitoylation of Ras-family GTPases and synaptic proteins. Overall, enzymatic depalmitoylation ensures efficient membrane targeting by balancing the palmitoylation cycle, and may play additional roles in signaling, growth, and cell organization. In this review, we provide a perspective on the biochemical, structural, and cellular analysis of protein depalmitoylases, and outline opportunities for future studies of systems-wide analysis of protein depalmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Won
- a Program in Chemical Biology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | | | - Brent R Martin
- a Program in Chemical Biology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
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Wattiez AS, Walder RY, Sande CM, White SR, Hammond DL. Peripheral inflammatory injury alters the relative abundance of Gα subunits in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and in the rostral ventromedial medulla of male rats. Mol Pain 2017; 13:1744806917715210. [PMID: 28604220 PMCID: PMC5486491 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917715210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract A diverse array of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is implicated in the modulation of nociception. The efficacy and potency of several GPCR agonists change as a consequence of peripheral inflammatory injury. Whether these changes reflect alterations in expression of the G proteins themselves is not known. This study examined the expression of transcripts and proteins for the α subunits of three classes of heteromeric G proteins in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) of male rats four days and two weeks after intraplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or saline. Levels of Gα transcript in the dorsal horn or RVM were unchanged by CFA treatment. However, in the dorsal horn, Gαi protein decreased in cytosolic and membrane fractions four days after CFA treatment. Levels of Gαz protein decreased in the membrane fraction. Levels of the other Gα subunits did not differ. Levels of the Gα subunits were unchanged two weeks after CFA treatment. In the RVM, Gαz protein levels decreased in the cytosolic fraction four days after CFA treatment. No other differences were observed. Two weeks after CFA, the levels for all Gα subunits trended higher in the RVM. These data indicate that peripheral inflammatory injury induces subtle changes in the abundance of Gα subunits that is specific with respect to class, subcellular compartment, tissue, and time after injury. These changes have the potential to alter the balance of the different subcellular signaling pathways through which GPCR agonists act to modulate nociception.
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