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Zhang X, Wei Y, Wu F, Li M, Han C, Huo C, Li Z, Tang F, He W, Zhao Y, Li Y. UBE2L3 expression in human gastric cancer and its clinical significance. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:210. [PMID: 38656363 PMCID: PMC11043109 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer (GC) is prevalent as one of the most common malignant tumors globally, with a particularly high incidence in China. The role of UBE2L3 in the initiation and progression of various cancers has been well documented, but its specific significance in GC is not yet fully elucidated. The objective of this study is to examine the expression and importance of UBE2L3 in human gastric cancer tissues. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and survival analysis were conducted on 125 cases of GC. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were employed to assess the expression of UBE2L3 in GC cell lines. Cell lines with UBE2L3 knockdown and overexpression were cultured through lentivirus transfection and subsequently assessed using Western blot analysis. The involvement of UBE2L3 in the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of GC cells was confirmed through in vitro experiments, and its capacity to facilitate tumor growth was also validated in in vivo studies. RESULTS The up-regulation of UBE2L3 expression was observed in GC, and its high expression was found to be significantly associated with the degree of differentiation (χ2 = 6.153, P = 0.0131), TNM stage (χ2 = 6.216, P = 0.0447), and poor overall survival. In vitro, UBE2L3 has been shown to enhance functions in GC cell lines, such as promoting proliferation and invasion, and inhibiting apoptosis. In vivo experiments have validated the role of UBE2L3 in promoting tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study demonstrate the significant involvement of UBE2L3 in the pathogenesis and advancement of gastric cancer, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Pneumology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Cong Han
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Chengdong Huo
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Futian Tang
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Wenting He
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of the Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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Jin C, Einig E, Xu W, Kollampally RB, Schlosser A, Flentje M, Popov N. The dimeric deubiquitinase USP28 integrates 53BP1 and MYC functions to limit DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3011-3030. [PMID: 38227944 PMCID: PMC11024517 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a major source of endogenous DNA damage in tumor cells and a key target of cellular response to genotoxic stress. DNA replication can be deregulated by oncoproteins, such as transcription factor MYC, aberrantly activated in many human cancers. MYC is stringently regulated by the ubiquitin system - for example, ubiquitination controls recruitment of the elongation factor PAF1c, instrumental in MYC activity. Curiously, a key MYC-targeting deubiquitinase USP28 also controls cellular response to DNA damage via the mediator protein 53BP1. USP28 forms stable dimers, but the biological role of USP28 dimerization is unknown. We show here that dimerization limits USP28 activity and restricts recruitment of PAF1c by MYC. Expression of monomeric USP28 stabilizes MYC and promotes PAF1c recruitment, leading to ectopic DNA synthesis and replication-associated DNA damage. USP28 dimerization is stimulated by 53BP1, which selectively binds USP28 dimers. Genotoxic stress diminishes 53BP1-USP28 interaction, promotes disassembly of USP28 dimers and stimulates PAF1c recruitment by MYC. This triggers firing of DNA replication origins during early response to genotoxins and exacerbates DNA damage. We propose that dimerization of USP28 prevents ectopic DNA replication at transcriptionally active chromatin to maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’ (iFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elias Einig
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’ (iFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wenshan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ravi Babu Kollampally
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’ (iFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikita Popov
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 ‘Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’ (iFIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Raisch J, Dubois ML, Groleau M, Lévesque D, Burger T, Jurkovic CM, Brailly R, Marbach G, McKenna A, Barrette C, Jacques PÉ, Boisvert FM. Pulse-SILAC and Interactomics Reveal Distinct DDB1-CUL4-Associated Factors, Cellular Functions, and Protein Substrates. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100644. [PMID: 37689310 PMCID: PMC10565876 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cullin-RING finger ligases represent the largest family of ubiquitin ligases. They are responsible for the ubiquitination of ∼20% of cellular proteins degraded through the proteasome, by catalyzing the transfer of E2-loaded ubiquitin to a substrate. Seven cullins are described in vertebrates. Among them, cullin 4 (CUL4) associates with DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) to form the CUL4-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase complex, which is involved in protein ubiquitination and in the regulation of many cellular processes. Substrate recognition adaptors named DDB1/CUL4-associated factors (DCAFs) mediate the specificity of CUL4-DDB1 and have a short structural motif of approximately forty amino acids terminating in tryptophan (W)-aspartic acid (D) dipeptide, called the WD40 domain. Using different approaches (bioinformatics/structural analyses), independent studies suggested that at least sixty WD40-containing proteins could act as adaptors for the DDB1/CUL4 complex. To better define this association and classification, the interaction of each DCAFs with DDB1 was determined, and new partners and potential substrates were identified. Using BioID and affinity purification-mass spectrometry approaches, we demonstrated that seven WD40 proteins can be considered DCAFs with a high confidence level. Identifying protein interactions does not always lead to identifying protein substrates for E3-ubiquitin ligases, so we measured changes in protein stability or degradation by pulse-stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture to identify changes in protein degradation, following the expression of each DCAF. In conclusion, these results provide new insights into the roles of DCAFs in regulating the activity of the DDB1-CUL4 complex, in protein targeting, and characterized the cellular processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Raisch
- Département d'Immunologie et de Biologie cellulaire, faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Line Dubois
- Département d'Immunologie et de Biologie cellulaire, faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marika Groleau
- Département de biologie, faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Lévesque
- Département d'Immunologie et de Biologie cellulaire, faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Burger
- CNRS, INSERM, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Carla-Marie Jurkovic
- Département d'Immunologie et de Biologie cellulaire, faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Romain Brailly
- Département d'Immunologie et de Biologie cellulaire, faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Gwendoline Marbach
- Département d'Immunologie et de Biologie cellulaire, faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alyson McKenna
- Département d'Immunologie et de Biologie cellulaire, faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Barrette
- Département d'Immunologie et de Biologie cellulaire, faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Étienne Jacques
- Département de biologie, faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - François-Michel Boisvert
- Département d'Immunologie et de Biologie cellulaire, faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Mayca Pozo F, Geng X, Miyagi M, Amin AL, Huang AY, Zhang Y. MYO10 regulates genome stability and cancer inflammation through mediating mitosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112531. [PMID: 37200188 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability can promote inflammation and tumor development. Previous research revealed an unexpected layer of regulation of genomic instability by a cytoplasmic protein MYO10; however, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Here, we report a protein stability-mediated mitotic regulation of MYO10 in controlling genome stability. We characterized a degron motif and phosphorylation residues in the degron that mediate β-TrCP1-dependent MYO10 degradation. The level of phosphorylated MYO10 protein transiently increases during mitosis, which is accompanied by a spatiotemporal cellular localization change first accumulating at the centrosome then at the midbody. Depletion of MYO10 or expression of MYO10 degron mutants, including those found in cancer patients, disrupts mitosis, increases genomic instability and inflammation, and promotes tumor growth; however, they also increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to Taxol. Our studies demonstrate a critical role of MYO10 in mitosis progression, through which it regulates genome stability, cancer growth, and cellular response to mitotic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Mayca Pozo
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Xinran Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Masaru Miyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Amanda L Amin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Center for Pediatric Immunotherapy at Rainbow, Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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5
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Gaikwad P, Kemp MG. Cathepsin L inhibition prevents the cleavage of multiple nuclear proteins upon lysis of quiescent human cells. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000716. [PMID: 36606083 PMCID: PMC9807461 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated a role for cathepsin L (CTSL) proteolytic activity in the nucleus under distinct cellular conditions, including during differentiation, senescence, and quiescence. Here we show that addition of CTSL inhibitors to a cell lysis buffer prevents the cleavage of several nuclear proteins during the lysis of quiescent human cells, including proteins previously thought to have functional relevance in other cell and tissue contexts. These findings suggest that care should be taken to use CTSL inhibitors when lysing cells and tissues containing high levels of CTSL protein to differentiate proteolysis that occurs in vivo versus artifactually in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmcology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmcology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435
,
Research Service, Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428
,
Correspondence to: Michael G. Kemp (
)
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6
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Bleiler M, Cyr A, Wright DL, Giardina C. Incorporation of 53BP1 into phase-separated bodies in cancer cells during aberrant mitosis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260027. [PMID: 36606487 PMCID: PMC10112977 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
53BP1 (also known as TP53BP1) is a key mediator of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathway, which is the primary repair pathway in interphase cells. However, the mitotic functions of 53BP1 are less well understood. Here, we describe 53BP1 mitotic stress bodies (MSBs) formed in cancer cell lines in response to delayed mitosis. These bodies displayed liquid-liquid phase separation characteristics, were close to centromeres, and included lamin A/C and the DNA repair protein RIF1. After release from mitotic arrest, 53BP1 MSBs decreased in number and moved away from the chromatin. Using GFP fusion constructs, we found that the 53BP1 oligomerization domain region was required for MSB formation, and that inclusion of the 53BP1 N terminus increased MSB size. Exogenous expression of 53BP1 did not increase MSB size or number but did increase levels of MSB-free 53BP1. This was associated with slower mitotic progression, elevated levels of DNA damage and increased apoptosis, which is consistent with MSBs suppressing a mitotic surveillance by 53BP1 through sequestration. The 53BP1 MSBs, which were also found spontaneously in a subset of normally dividing cancer cells but not in non-transformed cells (ARPE-19), might facilitate the survival of cancer cells following aberrant mitoses. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bleiler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Aiyana Cyr
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Dennis L. Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Charles Giardina
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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7
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Rass E, Willaume S, Bertrand P. 53BP1: Keeping It under Control, Even at a Distance from DNA Damage. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122390. [PMID: 36553657 PMCID: PMC9778356 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are toxic lesions that can be generated by exposure to genotoxic agents or during physiological processes, such as during V(D)J recombination. The repair of these DSBs is crucial to prevent genomic instability and to maintain cellular homeostasis. Two main pathways participate in repairing DSBs, namely, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). The P53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) plays a pivotal role in the choice of DSB repair mechanism, promotes checkpoint activation and preserves genome stability upon DSBs. By preventing DSB end resection, 53BP1 promotes NHEJ over HR. Nonetheless, the balance between DSB repair pathways remains crucial, as unscheduled NHEJ or HR events at different phases of the cell cycle may lead to genomic instability. Therefore, the recruitment of 53BP1 to chromatin is tightly regulated and has been widely studied. However, less is known about the mechanism regulating 53BP1 recruitment at a distance from the DNA damage. The present review focuses on the mechanism of 53BP1 recruitment to damage and on recent studies describing novel mechanisms keeping 53BP1 at a distance from DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Rass
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon Willaume
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pascale Bertrand
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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8
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Capanni C, Schena E, Di Giampietro ML, Montecucco A, Mattioli E, Lattanzi G. The role of prelamin A post-translational maturation in stress response and 53BP1 recruitment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1018102. [PMID: 36467410 PMCID: PMC9709412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1018102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin A is a main constituent of the nuclear lamina and contributes to nuclear shaping, mechano-signaling transduction and gene regulation, thus affecting major cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and entry into senescence, cellular differentiation and stress response. The role of lamin A in stress response is particularly intriguing, yet not fully elucidated, and involves prelamin A post-translational processing. Here, we propose prelamin A as the tool that allows lamin A plasticity during oxidative stress response and permits timely 53BP1 recruitment to DNA damage foci. We show that while PCNA ubiquitination, p21 decrease and H2AX phosphorylation occur soon after stress induction in the absence of prelamin A, accumulation of non-farnesylated prelamin A follows and triggers recruitment of 53BP1 to lamin A/C complexes. Then, the following prelamin A processing steps causing transient accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A and maturation to lamin A reduce lamin A affinity for 53BP1 and favor its release and localization to DNA damage sites. Consistent with these observations, accumulation of prelamin A forms in cells under basal conditions impairs histone H2AX phosphorylation, PCNA ubiquitination and p21 degradation, thus affecting the early stages of stress response. As a whole, our results are consistent with a physiological function of prelamin A modulation during stress response aimed at timely recruitment/release of 53BP1 and other molecules required for DNA damage repair. In this context, it becomes more obvious how farnesylated prelamin A accumulation to toxic levels alters timing of DNA damage signaling and 53BP1 recruitment, thus contributing to cellular senescence and accelerated organismal aging as observed in progeroid laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
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9
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Wang Z, He S, Jiang M, Li X, Chen N. Mechanism Study on Radiosensitization Effect of Curcumin in Bladder Cancer Cells Regulated by Filamin A. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221100997. [PMID: 35677349 PMCID: PMC9168873 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the radiosensitization effect of curcumin, a natural product with
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, in bladder cancer cells and identify the
specific role of FLNA gene in that process. Methods CCK-8 method was initially adopted to identify the proper interventional concentration
of curcumin. T24 bladder cancer cells were subjected to CCK-8, flow cytometry, and
colony formation assay to study the cell biological behaviors under different
interventions. γ-H2AX test was performed to test the level of damage in T24 cells.
RT-qPCR and Western blot were conducted to measure FLNA mRNA and protein levels. Results Low-dose curcumin (10, 20 μM) following X-ray exposure resulted in increased DNA
damage, augmented apoptosis, and reduced proliferation of T24 cells. Certain
radiosensitization was demonstrated when curcumin was applied at 10 μM. Additionally,
elevation of FLNA gene and protein levels was also indicated upon combination
treatment. Conclusion Low-dose curcumin has certain radiosensitization effect in bladder cancer, where FLNA
plays a certain regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfan Wang
- Soochow University Affiliated Suzhou Ninth Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Minjun Jiang
- Soochow University Affiliated Suzhou Ninth Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Soochow University Affiliated Suzhou Ninth Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
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10
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Zhang X, Huo C, Liu Y, Su R, Zhao Y, Li Y. Mechanism and Disease Association With a Ubiquitin Conjugating E2 Enzyme: UBE2L3. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793610. [PMID: 35265070 PMCID: PMC8899012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 is an important component of the post-translational protein ubiquitination pathway, which mediates the transfer of activated ubiquitin to substrate proteins. UBE2L3, also called UBcH7, is one of many E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes that participate in the ubiquitination of many substrate proteins and regulate many signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB, GSK3β/p65, and DSB repair pathways. Studies on UBE2L3 have found that it has an abnormal expression in many diseases, mainly immune diseases, tumors and Parkinson’s disease. It can also promote the occurrence and development of these diseases. Resultantly, UBE2L3 may become an important target for some diseases. Herein, we review the structure of UBE2L3, and its mechanism in diseases, as well as diseases related to UBE2L3 and discuss the related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruiliang Su
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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11
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Mayca Pozo F, Geng X, Tamagno I, Jackson MW, Heimsath EG, Hammer JA, Cheney RE, Zhang Y. MYO10 drives genomic instability and inflammation in cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6908. [PMID: 34524844 PMCID: PMC8443186 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of human cancer; yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the cytoplasmic unconventional Myosin X (MYO10) regulates genome stability, through which it mediates inflammation in cancer. MYO10 is an unstable protein that undergoes ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme H7 (UbcH7)/β-transducin repeat containing protein 1 (β-TrCP1)–dependent degradation. MYO10 is upregulated in both human and mouse tumors and its expression level predisposes tumor progression and response to immune therapy. Overexpressing MYO10 increased genomic instability, elevated the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING)–dependent inflammatory response, and accelerated tumor growth in mice. Conversely, depletion of MYO10 ameliorated genomic instability and reduced the inflammation signaling. Further, inhibiting inflammation or disrupting Myo10 significantly suppressed the growth of both human and mouse breast tumors in mice. Our data suggest that MYO10 promotes tumor progression through inducing genomic instability, which, in turn, creates an immunogenic environment for immune checkpoint blockades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Mayca Pozo
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xinran Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ilaria Tamagno
- Department of Pathology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark W. Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ernest G. Heimsath
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John A. Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard E. Cheney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Peris-Moreno D, Malige M, Claustre A, Armani A, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Deval C, Béchet D, Fafournoux P, Sandri M, Combaret L, Taillandier D, Polge C. UBE2L3, a Partner of MuRF1/TRIM63, Is Involved in the Degradation of Myofibrillar Actin and Myosin. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081974. [PMID: 34440743 PMCID: PMC8392593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main player of skeletal muscle wasting, a common characteristic of many diseases (cancer, etc.) that negatively impacts treatment and life prognosis. Within the UPS, the E3 ligase MuRF1/TRIM63 targets for degradation several myofibrillar proteins, including the main contractile proteins alpha-actin and myosin heavy chain (MHC). We previously identified five E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes interacting with MuRF1, including UBE2L3/UbcH7, that exhibited a high affinity for MuRF1 (KD = 50 nM). Here, we report a main effect of UBE2L3 on alpha-actin and MHC degradation in catabolic C2C12 myotubes. Consistently UBE2L3 knockdown in Tibialis anterior induced hypertrophy in dexamethasone (Dex)-treated mice, whereas overexpression worsened the muscle atrophy of Dex-treated mice. Using combined interactomic approaches, we also characterized the interactions between MuRF1 and its substrates alpha-actin and MHC and found that MuRF1 preferentially binds to filamentous F-actin (KD = 46.7 nM) over monomeric G-actin (KD = 450 nM). By contrast with actin that did not alter MuRF1–UBE2L3 affinity, binding of MHC to MuRF1 (KD = 8 nM) impeded UBE2L3 binding, suggesting that differential interactions prevail with MuRF1 depending on both the substrate and the E2. Our data suggest that UBE2L3 regulates contractile proteins levels and skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Peris-Moreno
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Mélodie Malige
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Agnès Claustre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padova, Italy; (A.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Christiane Deval
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniel Béchet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padova, Italy; (A.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniel Taillandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Cécile Polge
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (D.P.-M.); (M.M.); (A.C.); (C.C.-G.); (C.D.); (D.B.); (P.F.); (L.C.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Willaume S, Rass E, Fontanilla-Ramirez P, Moussa A, Wanschoor P, Bertrand P. A Link between Replicative Stress, Lamin Proteins, and Inflammation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040552. [PMID: 33918867 PMCID: PMC8070205 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded breaks (DSB), the most toxic DNA lesions, are either a consequence of cellular metabolism, programmed as in during V(D)J recombination, or induced by anti-tumoral therapies or accidental genotoxic exposure. One origin of DSB sources is replicative stress, a major source of genome instability, especially when the integrity of the replication forks is not properly guaranteed. To complete stalled replication, restarting the fork requires complex molecular mechanisms, such as protection, remodeling, and processing. Recently, a link has been made between DNA damage accumulation and inflammation. Indeed, defects in DNA repair or in replication can lead to the release of DNA fragments in the cytosol. The recognition of this self-DNA by DNA sensors leads to the production of inflammatory factors. This beneficial response activating an innate immune response and destruction of cells bearing DNA damage may be considered as a novel part of DNA damage response. However, upon accumulation of DNA damage, a chronic inflammatory cellular microenvironment may lead to inflammatory pathologies, aging, and progression of tumor cells. Progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of DNA damage repair, replication stress, and cytosolic DNA production would allow to propose new therapeutical strategies against cancer or inflammatory diseases associated with aging. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in DSB repair, the replicative stress management, and its consequences. We also focus on new emerging links between key components of the nuclear envelope, the lamins, and DNA repair, management of replicative stress, and inflammation.
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14
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Hepatic NOD2 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis via a RIP2-mediated proinflammatory response and a novel nuclear autophagy-mediated DNA damage mechanism. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:9. [PMID: 33413510 PMCID: PMC7791875 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Key hepatic molecules linking gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Gut-derived gut microbiota contains pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that may circulate into the liver and, consequently, be recognized by hepatic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). NOD2, a general intracellular PRR, recognizes muramyl dipeptide (MDP), present in both gram (+) and gram (−) bacteria. Here, we investigated the role of NOD2 as a molecular sensor translating gut dysbiosis signaling into hepatocarcinogenesis. Methods NOD2 expression was measured in clinical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples using qPCR (80 pairs), western blotting (30 pairs) and immunostaining (141 pairs). The role of NOD2 in hepatocarcinogenesis was examined in the hepatocyte-specific Nod2-knockout (Nod2△hep), Rip2-knockout (Rip2△hep), Lamin A/C-knockout (Lamn△hep) and Rip2/Lamin A/C double-knockout (Rip2/Lamn△hep) mice models of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/CCl4-induced HCC. Results NOD2 was upregulated and activated in HCC samples, and high NOD2 expression correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. Hepatic NOD2 deletion in vivo decreased DEN/CCl4-induced HCC by reducing the inflammatory response, DNA damage and genomic instability. NOD2 activation increased liver inflammation via RIP2-dependent activation of the MAPK, NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Notably, a novel RIP2-independent mechanism was discovered, whereby NOD2 activation induces the nuclear autophagy pathway. We showed that NOD2 undergoes nuclear transport and directly binds to a component of nuclear laminae, lamin A/C, to promote its protein degradation, leading to impaired DNA damage repair and increased genomic instability. Conclusions We reveal a novel bridge, bacterial sensor NOD2, linking gut-derived microbial metabolites to hepatocarcinogenesis via induction of the inflammatory response and nuclear autophagy. Thus, we propose hepatic NOD2 as a promising therapeutic target against HCC.
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15
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Hwang JW, Kim SN, Myung N, Song D, Han G, Bae GU, Bedford MT, Kim YK. PRMT5 promotes DNA repair through methylation of 53BP1 and is regulated by Src-mediated phosphorylation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:428. [PMID: 32759981 PMCID: PMC7406651 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PRMT5 participates in various cellular processes, including transcription regulation, signal transduction, mRNA splicing, and DNA repair; however, its mechanism of regulation is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that PRMT5 is phosphorylated at residue Y324 by Src kinase, a negative regulator of its activity. Either phosphorylation or substitution of the Y324 residue suppresses PRMT5 activity by preventing its binding with the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Additionally, we show that PRMT5 activity is associated with non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair by methylating and stabilizing p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1), which promotes cellular survival after DNA damage. Src-mediated phosphorylation of PRMT5 and the subsequent inhibition of its activity during the DNA damage process blocks NHEJ repair, leading to apoptotic cell death. Altogether, our findings suggest that PRMT5 regulates DNA repair through Src-mediated Y324 phosphorylation in response to DNA damage. Hwang et al. show that the activity of PRMT5 methyltransferase is regulated by Src kinase-mediated phosphorylation at Y324 in response to DNA damage. They also show that PRMT5 participates in NHEJ repair by regulating 53BP1 protein levels and is critical for cellular survival after DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Hwang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- Natural Product Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Myung
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Doona Song
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA.
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ubiquitylation-Mediated Fine-Tuning of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061617. [PMID: 32570875 PMCID: PMC7352447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper function of DNA repair is indispensable for eukaryotic cells since accumulation of DNA damages leads to genome instability and is a major cause of oncogenesis. Ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation play a pivotal role in the precise regulation of DNA repair pathways by coordinating the recruitment and removal of repair proteins at the damaged site. Here, we summarize the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) involved in DNA double-strand break repair. Although we highlight the most relevant PTMs, we focus principally on ubiquitylation-related processes since these are the most robust regulatory pathways among those of DNA repair.
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17
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A role of the 53BP1 protein in genome protection: structural and functional characteristics of 53BP1-dependent DNA repair. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2488-2511. [PMID: 30996128 PMCID: PMC6519998 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear architecture plays a significant role in DNA repair mechanisms. It is evident that proteins involved in DNA repair are compartmentalized in not only spontaneously occurring DNA lesions or ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF), but a specific clustering of these proteins can also be observed within the whole cell nucleus. For example, 53BP1-positive and BRCA1-positive DNA repair foci decorate chromocenters and can appear close to nuclear speckles. Both 53BP1 and BRCA1 are well-described factors that play an essential role in double-strand break (DSB) repair. These proteins are members of two protein complexes: 53BP1-RIF1-PTIP and BRCA1-CtIP, which make a “decision” determining whether canonical nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) is activated. It is generally accepted that 53BP1 mediates the NHEJ mechanism, while HDR is activated via a BRCA1-dependent signaling pathway. Interestingly, the 53BP1 protein appears relatively quickly at DSB sites, while BRCA1 is functional at later stages of DNA repair, as soon as the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex is recruited to the DNA lesions. A function of the 53BP1 protein is also linked to a specific histone signature, including phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) or methylation of histone H4 at the lysine 20 position (H4K20me); therefore, we also discuss an epigenetic landscape of 53BP1-positive DNA lesions.
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18
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Salvador Moreno N, Liu J, Haas KM, Parker LL, Chakraborty C, Kron SJ, Hodges K, Miller LD, Langefeld C, Robinson PJ, Lelièvre SA, Vidi PA. The nuclear structural protein NuMA is a negative regulator of 53BP1 in DNA double-strand break repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:2703-2715. [PMID: 30812030 PMCID: PMC6451129 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
P53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) mediates DNA repair pathway choice and promotes checkpoint activation. Chromatin marks induced by DNA double-strand breaks and recognized by 53BP1 enable focal accumulation of this multifunctional repair factor at damaged chromatin. Here, we unveil an additional level of regulation of 53BP1 outside repair foci. 53BP1 movements are constrained throughout the nucleoplasm and increase in response to DNA damage. 53BP1 interacts with the structural protein NuMA, which controls 53BP1 diffusion. This interaction, and colocalization between the two proteins in vitro and in breast tissues, is reduced after DNA damage. In cell lines and breast carcinoma NuMA prevents 53BP1 accumulation at DNA breaks, and high NuMA expression predicts better patient outcomes. Manipulating NuMA expression alters PARP inhibitor sensitivity of BRCA1-null cells, end-joining activity, and immunoglobulin class switching that rely on 53BP1. We propose a mechanism involving the sequestration of 53BP1 by NuMA in the absence of DNA damage. Such a mechanism may have evolved to disable repair functions and may be a decisive factor for tumor responses to genotoxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naike Salvador Moreno
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Physics, Indiana university-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Karen M Haas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Laurie L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Chaitali Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kurt Hodges
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University
| | - Carl Langefeld
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University.,Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Paul J Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sophie A Lelièvre
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University
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Lambert MW. The functional importance of lamins, actin, myosin, spectrin and the LINC complex in DNA repair. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1382-1406. [PMID: 31581813 PMCID: PMC6880146 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219876651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Three major proteins in the nucleoskeleton, lamins, actin, and spectrin, play essential roles in maintenance of nuclear architecture and the integrity of the nuclear envelope, in mechanotransduction and mechanical coupling between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton, and in nuclear functions such as regulation of gene expression, transcription and DNA replication. Less well known, but critically important, are the role these proteins play in DNA repair. The A-type and B-type lamins, nuclear actin and myosin, spectrin and the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex each function in repair of DNA damage utilizing various repair pathways. The lamins play a role in repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). Actin is involved in repair of DNA DSBs and interacts with myosin in facilitating relocalization of these DSBs in heterochromatin for HR repair. Nonerythroid alpha spectrin (αSpII) plays a critical role in repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs) where it acts as a scaffold in recruitment of repair proteins to sites of damage and is important in the initial damage recognition and incision steps of the repair process. The LINC complex contributes to the repair of DNA DSBs and ICLs. This review will address the important functions of these proteins in the DNA repair process, their mechanism of action, and the profound impact a defect or deficiency in these proteins has on cellular function. The critical roles of these proteins in DNA repair will be further emphasized by discussing the human disorders and the pathophysiological changes that result from or are related to deficiencies in these proteins. The demonstrated function for each of these proteins in the DNA repair process clearly indicates that there is another level of complexity that must be considered when mechanistically examining factors crucial for DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel W Lambert
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory
Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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20
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Barnard SGR, Moquet J, Lloyd S, Ellender M, Ainsbury EA, Quinlan RA. Dotting the eyes: mouse strain dependency of the lens epithelium to low dose radiation-induced DNA damage. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:1116-1124. [PMID: 30359158 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1532609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological evidence regarding the radiosensitivity of the lens of the eye and radiation cataract development has led to changes in the EU Basic Safety Standards for protection of the lens against ionizing radiation. However, mechanistic details of lens radiation response pathways and their significance for cataractogenesis remain unclear. Radiation-induced DNA damage and the potential impairment of repair pathways within the lens epithelium, a cell monolayer that covers the anterior hemisphere of the lens, are likely to be involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, the lens epithelium has been analyzed for its DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair response to ionizing radiation. The responses of epithelial cells located at the anterior pole (central region) have been compared to at the very periphery of the monolayer (germinative and transitional zones). Described here are the different responses in the two regions and across four strains (C57BL/6, 129S2, BALB/c and CBA/Ca) over a low dose (0-25 mGy) in-vivo whole body X-irradiation range up to 24 hours post exposure. RESULTS DNA damage and repair as visualized through 53BP1 staining was present across the lens epithelium, although repair kinetics appeared non-uniform. Epithelial cells in the central region have significantly more 53BP1 foci. The sensitivities of different mouse strains have also been compared. CONCLUSIONS 129S2 and BALB/c showed higher levels of DNA damage, with BALB/c showing significantly less inter-individual variability and appearing to be a more robust model for future DNA damage and repair studies. As a result of this study, BALB/c was identified as a suitable radiosensitive lens strain to detect and quantify early low dose ionizing radiation DNA damage effects in the mouse eye lens specifically, as an indicator of cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G R Barnard
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK.,b Department of Biosciences , Durham University , Durham , UK
| | - J Moquet
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK
| | - S Lloyd
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK.,c School of Biosciences , The University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , UK
| | - M Ellender
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK
| | - E A Ainsbury
- a Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards , Public Health England , Chilton , Oxon, UK
| | - R A Quinlan
- b Department of Biosciences , Durham University , Durham , UK
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21
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Her J, Bunting SF. How cells ensure correct repair of DNA double-strand breaks. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10502-10511. [PMID: 29414795 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) arise regularly in cells and when left unrepaired cause senescence or cell death. Homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) are the two major DNA-repair pathways. Whereas HR allows faithful DSB repair and healthy cell growth, NHEJ has higher potential to contribute to mutations and malignancy. Many regulatory mechanisms influence which of these two pathways is used in DSB repair. These mechanisms depend on the cell cycle, post-translational modifications, and chromatin effects. Here, we summarize current research into these mechanisms, with a focus on mammalian cells, and also discuss repair by "alternative end-joining" and single-strand annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyoung Her
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08540
| | - Samuel F Bunting
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08540
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