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Abu Aziz N, Christianus A, Wan Solahudin WMS, Ismail IS, Low CF. Comparative proteome analysis revealed potential biomarkers and the underlying immune mechanisms in Vibrio-resistant hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13940. [PMID: 38523352 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is the causative agent of vibriosis, a common bacterial infection in grouper aquaculture that is associated with the development of haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic ulcerations on the fish. In the present study, comparative proteome analysis was performed on serum samples from Vibrio-resistant and Vibrio-susceptible grouper. Samples were analysed using high-throughput LC-MS/MS and identified 2770 unique peptides that corresponded to 344 proteins. Subsequent analysis identified 21 proteins that were significantly up-regulated in the resistant group compared to the control and the susceptible groups. Those proteins are associated with immunostimulatory effects, signalling and binding cascade, metabolism, and maintaining tissue integrity and physiological condition. Besides, potential protein biomarkers related to the immune system were identified, which could be associated with the disease-resistant phenotype. These data provide insights into the underlying immune mechanism of hybrid groupers upon Vibrio sp. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhikmah Abu Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Annie Christianus
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chen-Fei Low
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Aquino ME, Drago SR, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O, Cian RE. Anti-diabetic properties of brewer's spent yeast peptides. In vitro, in silico and ex vivo study after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Funct 2024; 15:3778-3790. [PMID: 38511218 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Brewer's spent yeast (BSY) hydrolysates are a source of antidiabetic peptides. Nevertheless, the impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of BSY derived peptides on diabetes has not been assessed. In this study, two BSY hydrolysates were obtained (H1 and H2) using β-glucanase and alkaline protease, with either 1 h or 2 h hydrolysis time for H1 and H2, respectively. These hydrolysates were then subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID), obtaining dialysates D1 and D2, respectively. BSY hydrolysates inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzymes. Moreover, although D2 was inactive against these enzymes, D1 IC50 value was lower than those found for the hydrolysates. Interestingly, after electrophoretic separation, D1 mannose-linked peptides showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while non-glycosylated peptides had the highest DPP-IV inhibitory activity. Kinetic analyses showed a non-competitive mechanism in both cases. After peptide identification, GILFVGSGVSGGEEGAR and IINEPTAAAIAYGLDK showed the highest in silico anti-diabetic activities among mannose-linked and non-glycosylated peptides, respectively (AntiDMPpred score: 0.70 and 0.77). Molecular docking also indicated that these peptides act as non-competitive inhibitors. Finally, an ex vivo model of mouse jejunum organoids was used to study the effect of D1 on the expression of intestinal epithelial genes related to diabetes. The reduction of the expression of genes that codify lactase, sucrase-isomaltase and glucose transporter 2 was observed, as well as an increase in the expression of Gip (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) and Glp1 (glucagon-like peptide 1). This is the first report to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of BSY peptides in mouse jejunum organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilin E Aquino
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ - UNL, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina
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3
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Tannous S, Naim HY. Impaired digestive function of sucrase-isomaltase in a complex with the Greenlandic sucrase-isomaltase variant. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166947. [PMID: 37951511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Sucrase isomaltase (SI) is the most prominent disaccharidase in the small intestine. Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the SI gene. A homozygous frameshift mutation, c.273_274delAG (p.Gly92Leufs*8), has been identified in CSID in the Greenlandic population. This variant eliminates the luminal domain of SI and results in loss of its digestive function. Surprisingly, the truncated mutant is transport-competent and localized at the cell surface; it interacts avidly with wild type SI and negatively impacts its enzymatic function. The data propose that heterozygote carriers of p.Gly92Leufs*8 may also present with CSID symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tannous
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Landeros-Martínez LL, Campos-Almazán MI, Sánchez-Bojorge NA, Flores R, Palomares-Báez JP, Rodríguez-Valdez LM. Theoretical Studies for the Discovery of Potential Sucrase-Isomaltase Inhibitors from Maize Silk Phytochemicals: An Approach to Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2023; 28:6778. [PMID: 37836621 PMCID: PMC10574772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A theoretical analysis of the potential inhibition of human sucrase-isomaltase (SI) by flavonoids was carried out with the aim of identifying potential candidates for an alternative treatment of type 2 diabetes. Two compounds from maize silks, maysin and luteolin, were selected to be studied with the structure-based density functional theory (DFT), molecular docking (MDock), and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. The docking score and MD simulations suggested that the compounds maysin and luteolin presented higher binding affinities in N-terminal sucrase-isomaltase (NtSI) than in C-terminal sucrase-isomaltase (CtSI). The reactivity parameters, such as chemical hardness (η) and chemical potential (µ), of the ligands, as well as of the active site amino acids of the NtSI, were calculated by the meta-GGA M06 functional in combination with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The lower value of chemical hardness calculated for the maysin molecule indicated that this might interact more easily with the active site of NtSI, in comparison with the values of the acarbose and luteolin structures. Additionally, a possible oxidative process was proposed through the quantum chemical calculations of the electronic charge transfer values (∆N) between the active site amino acids of the NtSI and the ligands. In addition, maysin displayed a higher ability to generate more oxidative damage in the NtSI active site. Our results suggest that maysin and luteolin can be used to develop novel α-glucosidase inhibitors via NtSI inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luz María Rodríguez-Valdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (L.-L.L.-M.); (M.I.C.-A.); (N.-A.S.-B.); (R.F.); (J.P.P.-B.)
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5
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Yi Z, Chen L, Jin Y, Shen Y, Liu N, Fang Y, Xiao Y, Wang X, Peng K, He K, Zhao H. Insight into broad substrate specificity and synergistic contribution of a fungal α-glucosidase in Chinese Nong-flavor daqu. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:114. [PMID: 37322438 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese Nong-favor daqu, the presentative liquor starter of Baijiu, has been enriched with huge amounts of enzymes in degrading various biological macromolecules by openly man-made process for thousand years. According to previous metatranscriptomics analysis, plenty of α-glucosidases were identified to be active in NF daqu and played the key role in degrading starch under solid-state fermentation. However, none of α-glucosidases was characterized from NF daqu, and their actual functions in NF daqu were still unknown. RESULTS An α-glucosidase (NFAg31A, GH31-1 subfamily), the second highest expressed α-glucosidases in starch degradation of NF daqu, was directly obtained by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). NFAg31A exhibited the highest sequence identities of 65.8% with α-glucosidase II from Chaetomium thermophilum, indicating its origin of fungal species, and it showed some similar features with homologous α-glucosidase IIs, i.e., optimal activity at pH ~ 7.0 and litter higher temperature of 45 ℃, well stability at 41.3 ℃ and a broad pH range of pH 6.0 to pH 10.0, and preference on hydrolyzing Glc-α1,3-Glc. Besides this preference, NFAg31A showed comparable activities on Glc-α1,2-Glc and Glc-α1,4-Glc, and low activity on Glc-α1,6-Glc, indicating its broad specificities on α-glycosidic substrates. Additionally, its activity was not stimulated by any of those detected metal ions and chemicals, and could be largely inhibited by glucose under solid-state fermentation. Most importantly, it exhibited competent and synergistic effects with two characterized α-amylases of NF daqu on hydrolyzing starch, i.e., all of them could efficiently degrade starch and malto-saccharides, two α-amylases showed advantage in degrading starch and long-chain malto-saccharides, and NFAg31A played the competent role with α-amylases in degrading short-chain malto-saccharides and the irreplaceable contribution in hydrolyzing maltose into glucose, thus alleviating the product inhibitions of α-amylases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides not only a suitable α-glucosidase in strengthening the quality of daqu, but also an efficient way to reveal roles of the complicated enzyme system in traditional solid-state fermentation. This study would further stimulate more enzyme mining from NF daqu, and promote their actual applications in solid-state fermentation of NF liquor brewing, as well as in other solid-state fermentation of starchy industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolin Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lanchai Chen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610039, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- Sichuan Langjiu Co., Ltd, Gulin, 646523, China
| | - Nian Liu
- Sichuan Food and Fermentation Industry Research & Design Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Sichuan Langjiu Co., Ltd, Gulin, 646523, China
| | - Kui Peng
- Sichuan Food and Fermentation Industry Research & Design Institute, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaize He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Section 4, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China.
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Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Møller MS, Westh P, Svensson B, Blennow A. Interfacial Catalysis during Amylolytic Degradation of Starch Granules: Current Understanding and Kinetic Approaches. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093799. [PMID: 37175208 PMCID: PMC10180094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic hydrolysis of starch granules forms the fundamental basis of how nature degrades starch in plant cells, how starch is utilized as an energy resource in foods, and develops efficient, low-cost saccharification of starch, such as bioethanol and sweeteners. However, most investigations on starch hydrolysis have focused on its rates of degradation, either in its gelatinized or soluble state. These systems are inherently more well-defined, and kinetic parameters can be readily derived for different hydrolytic enzymes and starch molecular structures. Conversely, hydrolysis is notably slower for solid substrates, such as starch granules, and the kinetics are more complex. The main problems include that the surface of the substrate is multifaceted, its chemical and physical properties are ill-defined, and it also continuously changes as the hydrolysis proceeds. Hence, methods need to be developed for analyzing such heterogeneous catalytic systems. Most data on starch granule degradation are obtained on a long-term enzyme-action basis from which initial rates cannot be derived. In this review, we discuss these various aspects and future possibilities for developing experimental procedures to describe and understand interfacial enzyme hydrolysis of native starch granules more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yu Wang
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marie Sofie Møller
- Applied Molecular Enzyme Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Westh
- Interfacial Enzymology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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7
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Tannous S, Stellbrinck T, Hoter A, Naim HY. Interaction between the α-glucosidases, sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase, in human intestinal brush border membranes and its potential impact on disaccharide digestion. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1160860. [PMID: 36968271 PMCID: PMC10030609 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1160860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The two major intestinal α-glycosidases, sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), are active towards α-1,4 glycosidic linkages that prevail in starch. These enzymes share striking structural similarities and follow similar biosynthetic pathways. It has been hypothesized that starch digestion can be modulated via “toggling” of activities of these mucosal α-glycosidases, suggesting a possible interaction between these two enzyme complexes in the intestinal brush border membrane (BBM). Here, the potential interaction between SI and MGAM was investigated in solubilized BBMs utilizing reciprocal pull down assays, i.e., immunoprecipitation with anti-SI antibody followed by Western blotting with anti-MGAM antibody and vice versa. Our results demonstrate that SI interacts avidly with MGAM concomitant with a hetero-complex assembly in the BBMs. This interaction is resistant to detergents, such as Triton X-100 or Triton X-100 in combination with sodium deoxycholate. By contrast, inclusion of sodium deoxycholate into the solubilization buffer reduces the enzymatic activities towards sucrose and maltose substantially, most likely due to alterations in the quaternary structure of either enzyme. In view of their interaction, SI and MGAM regulate the final steps in starch digestion in the intestine, whereby SI assumes the major role by virtue of its predominant expression in the intestinal BBMs, while MGAM acts in auxiliary supportive fashion. These findings will help understand the pathophysiology of carbohydrate malabsorption in functional gastrointestinal disorders, particularly in irritable bowel syndrome, in which gene variants of SI are implicated.
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In Vitro Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities and Antioxidant Capacity of Helichrysum cymosum and Helichrysum pandurifolium Schrank Constituents. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of systemic metabolic disorders with a high rate of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the detrimental side effects of the current treatment, there is a great need to develop more effective antidiabetic drugs with fewer side effects. Natural products are a well-known source for the discovery of new scaffolds for drug discovery, including new antidiabetic drugs. The genus Helichrysum has been shown to produce antidiabetic natural products. In this investigation, the methanolic extract of H. cymosum and H. pandurifolium resulted in the isolation and identification of eleven known compounds viz 5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2-phenyl flavanone (1), pinostrobin (2), dihydrobaicalein (3), glabranin (4), allopatuletin (5), pinostrobin chalcone (6), helichrysetin (7), 5-hydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (8), 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (9), 3-O-methylquercetin (10), and 3-methylethergalangin (11). The in vitro bio-evaluation of isolated compounds against alpha-glucosidase showed that 10, 5, and 11 demonstrated the highest alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.24 ± 0.4, 12.94 ± 0.2, and 16.00 ± 2.4 μM respectively, followed by 7 and 3 with IC50 values of 18.16 ± 1.2 and 44.44 ± 0.2 μM respectively. However, none of these compounds showed a measurable inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase under the experimental conditions used except compound 10 which showed a poor alpha-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 230.66 ± 15.8 μM. Additionally, strong total antioxidant capacities were demonstrated by 10, 5 and 7 in ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power assay (374.34 ± 69.7; 334.37 ± 1.7; 279.93 ± 0.8) µmol AAE/mmol. This is the first scientific report to be carried out on alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities and antioxidant capacities of H. cymosum constituents and a first report on the isolation and identification of methoxyflavanoids from H. pandurifolium. Our findings suggest that these compounds are promising candidates to inhibit alpha-glucosidase as well as oxidative stress related to diabetes. Results from molecular docking provided insight into the observed in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities for 5, 7, 10, and 11. It is envisaged that the isolated phytochemicals from these plants may contribute to the development of hypoglycemic lead compounds with anti-diabetic potential.
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9
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Proença C, Rufino AT, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Freitas M, Fernandes PA, Silva AMS, Fernandes E. Inhibitory activity of flavonoids against human sucrase-isomaltase (α-glucosidase) activity in a Caco-2/TC7 cellular model. Food Funct 2022; 13:1108-1118. [PMID: 35015798 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02995a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes, and the number of people with this metabolic disease is steadily increasing worldwide. Among the available antidiabetic agents, α-glucosidase inhibitors are the most effective at reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPHG), one of the main characteristics of T2D. However, most of the studies that have been performed have used the more readily available rat intestinal preparations or yeast α-glucosidase as the enzyme source, which despite being useful and cost effective, have a questionable physiological value. The present study evaluates the inhibitory activity of a selected group of flavonoids against human sucrase-isomaltase (SI), the α-glucosidase found in Caco-2/TC7 cells. A microassay using the physiological substrates sucrose and maltose, and a synthetic substrate, p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) was performed. The most active flavonoid was compound 4 (melanoxetin), presenting an IC50 value similar using the two natural substrates. In contrast, the tested flavonoids were not effective at inhibiting SI, when pNPG was used as a substrate. Hydroxylation of flavonoids at C-3 of the C ring, at C-3' and C-4' of the B ring, and at C-7 and C-8 of the A ring were the features that improved the inhibitory activity of flavonoids against human SI. These phenolic compounds deserve further exploration as alternatives to the currently available α-glucosidase inhibitors. The present study also demonstrates that the non-clinical in vitro studies conducted for the evaluation of α-glucosidase activity should use the human source rather than surrogate sources of α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Miguel P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA and LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Marten LM, Wanes D, Stellbrinck T, Santer R, Naim HY. Hypomorphic variants of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in congenital lactase deficiency are trafficking incompetent and functionally inactive. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166338. [PMID: 35007711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with the rare autosomal recessive disorder congenital lactase deficiency (CLD) present with severe, potentially life-threatening symptoms shortly after birth. Several variants have been characterized within the gene for lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LCT) that are associated with CLD. Here, we analyze at the biochemical and cellular levels LCT mutants harboring the genetic variants p.Y1390*, p.E1612*, p.S1150Pfs*19, p.S1121L, p.R1587H, and p.S688P. Our data unequivocally demonstrate that these mutants are absolutely transport incompetent, some of which are readily degraded, and are enzymatically inactive. The current study contributes to and expands our understanding on the pathogenesis of CLD at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Marten
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dalanda Wanes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammy Stellbrinck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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11
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Iskandar AR, Kolli AR, Giralt A, Neau L, Fatarova M, Kondylis A, Torres LO, Majeed S, Merg C, Corciulo M, Trivedi K, Guedj E, Frentzel S, Calvino F, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Assessment of in vitro kinetics and biological impact of nebulized trehalose on human bronchial epithelium. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112577. [PMID: 34563633 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose is added in drug formulations to act as fillers or improve aerosolization performance. Its characteristics as a carrier molecule have been explored; however, the fate of trehalose in human airway tissues has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we investigated the fate of nebulized trehalose using in vitro human air-liquid bronchial epithelial cultures. First, a tracing experiment was conducted using 13C12-trehalose; we measured trehalose distribution in different culture compartments (apical surface liquid, epithelial culture, and basal side medium) at various time points following acute exposure to 13C12-labeled trehalose. We found that 13C12-trehalose was metabolized into 13C6-glucose. The data was then used to model the kinetics of trehalose disappearance from the apical surface of bronchial cultures. Secondly, we evaluated the potential adverse effects of nebulized trehalose on the bronchial cultures after they were acutely exposed to nebulized trehalose up to a level just below its solubility limit (50 g/100 g water). We assessed the ciliary beating frequency and histological characteristics. We found that nebulized trehalose did not lead to marked alteration in ciliary beating frequency and morphology of the epithelial cultures. The in vitro testing approach used here may enable the early selection of excipients for future development of inhalation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita R Iskandar
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Aditya Reddy Kolli
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Laurent Neau
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Fatarova
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Ortega Torres
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Shoaib Majeed
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Celine Merg
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Maica Corciulo
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Keyur Trivedi
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Stefan Frentzel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Calvino
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Alexandre Guy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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12
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Zhou J, Zhao Y, Qian X, Cheng Y, Cai H, Chen M, Zhou S. Two Novel Mutations in the SI Gene Associated With Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency: A Case Report in China. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:731716. [PMID: 34926337 PMCID: PMC8675567 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.731716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency (CSID) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease that leads to the maldigestion of disaccharides and is associated with mutation of the sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene. Cases of CSID are not very prevalent in China or worldwide but are gradually being identified and reported. Case Presentation: We report a case involving a 14-month-old male who presented with failure to thrive that had begun after food diversification and was admitted for chronic diarrhea. We used a whole-exome sequencing (WES) approach to identify mutations in this patient's genome. WES revealed two novel heterozygous mutations in the SI gene, c.2626C > T (p.Q876*) and c.2872C > T (p.R958C), which were confirmed by Sanger DNA sequencing. With a strict sucrose- and starch-restricted diet, the patient's diarrhea was resolved, and he began to gain weight. Conclusions: We report a case of novel variants in the SI gene that caused CSID. This report provides valuable information for the clinical field, especially in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongwei Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huabo Cai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Moxian Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoming Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Elferink H, Bruekers JPJ, Veeneman GH, Boltje TJ. A comprehensive overview of substrate specificity of glycoside hydrolases and transporters in the small intestine : "A gut feeling". Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4799-4826. [PMID: 32506169 PMCID: PMC7658089 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human body is able to process and transport a complex variety of carbohydrates, unlocking their nutritional value as energy source or as important building block. The endogenous glycosyl hydrolases (glycosidases) and glycosyl transporter proteins located in the enterocytes of the small intestine play a crucial role in this process and digest and/or transport nutritional sugars based on their structural features. It is for these reasons that glycosidases and glycosyl transporters are interesting therapeutic targets to combat sugar related diseases (such as diabetes) or to improve drug delivery. In this review we provide a detailed overview focused on the molecular structure of the substrates involved as a solid base to start from and to fuel research in the area of therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde Elferink
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen P J Bruekers
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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García-Rodríguez A, Moreno-Olivas F, Marcos R, Tako E, Marques CNH, Mahler GJ. The Role of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles, Escherichia coli, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Small Intestinal Enzyme Activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2020; 7:3940-3964. [PMID: 33815806 PMCID: PMC8011031 DOI: 10.1039/d0en01001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have become common in the food industry, which motivates the need to evaluate ENM effects on human health. Gastrointestinal (GI) in vitro models (e.g. Caco-2, Caco-2/HT29-MTX) have been used in nanotoxicology research. However, the human gut environment is composed of both human cells and the gut microbiota. The goal of this study is to increase the complexity of the Caco-2/HT29-MTX in vitro model by co-culturing human cells with the Gram-positive, commensal Lactobacillus rhamnosus or the Gram-negative, opportunistic Escherichia coli; with the hypothesis that the presence of bacteria would ameliorate the effects of exposure to metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as iron oxide (Fe2O3), silicone dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), or zinc oxide (ZnO). To understand this relationship, Caco-2/HT29-MTX cell barriers were acutely co-exposed (4 hours) to bacteria and/or NPs (pristine or in vitro digested). The activity of the brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), aminopeptidase-N (APN), sucrase isomaltase (SI) and the basolateral membrane enzyme (BLM) Na+/K+ ATPase were assessed. Findings show that (i) the human digestion process alters the physicochemical properties of NPs, (ii) large agglomerates of NPs remain entrapped on the apical side of the intestinal barrier, which (iii) affects the activity of BBM enzymes. Interestingly, some NPs effects were attenuated in the presence of either bacterial strains. Confocal microscopy detected bacteria-NPs interactions, which may impede the NP-intestinal cell contact. These results highlight the importance of improving in vitro models to closely mimic the complexities of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 1302, USA
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Bioscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Fabiola Moreno-Olivas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Bioscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7201, USA
| | - Cláudia N. H. Marques
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 1302, USA
| | - Gretchen J. Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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15
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Fallah S, Beaulieu JF. The Hippo Pathway Effector YAP1 Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081895. [PMID: 32823612 PMCID: PMC7463744 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is covered by epithelium, which is continuously replaced by new cells provided by stem cells located at the bottom of the glands. The maintenance of intestinal stem cells is supported by a niche which is composed of several signaling proteins including the Hippo pathway effectors YAP1/TAZ. The role of YAP1/TAZ in cell proliferation and regeneration is well documented but their involvement on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells is unclear. In the present study, the role of YAP1/TAZ on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells was investigated using the HT29 cell line, the only multipotent intestinal cell line available, with a combination of knockdown approaches. The expression of intestinal differentiation cell markers was tested by qPCR, Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence and electron microscopy analyses. The results show that TAZ is not expressed while the abolition of YAP1 expression led to a sharp increase in goblet and absorptive cell differentiation and reduction of some stem cell markers. Further studies using double knockdown experiments revealed that most of these effects resulting from YAP1 abolition are mediated by CDX2, a key intestinal cell transcription factor. In conclusion, our results indicate that YAP1/TAZ negatively regulate the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells through the inhibition of CDX2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Fallah
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Intestinal Physiopathology, Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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16
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A bioactive polypeptide from sugarcane selectively inhibits intestinal sucrase. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:938-948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Different Trafficking Phenotypes of Niemann-Pick C1 Gene Mutations Correlate with Various Alterations in Lipid Storage, Membrane Composition and Miglustat Amenability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062101. [PMID: 32204338 PMCID: PMC7139583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease leading to progressive neurodegeneration. Mutations in the NPC1 gene, which accounts for 95% of the cases, lead to a defect in intra-lysosomal trafficking of cholesterol and an accumulation of storage material including cholesterol and sphingolipids in the endo-lysosomal system. Symptoms are progressive neurological and visceral deterioration, with variable onset and severity of the disease. This study investigates the influence of two different NPC1 mutations on the biochemical phenotype in fibroblasts isolated from NPC patients in comparison to healthy, wild type (WT) cells. Skin derived fibroblasts were cultured from one patient compound-heterozygous for D874V/D948Y mutations, which presented wild-type like intracellular trafficking of NPC1, and a second patient compound- heterozygous for I1061T/P887L mutations, which exhibited a more severe biochemical phenotype as revealed in the delayed trafficking of NPC1. Biochemical analysis using HPLC and TLC indicated that lipid accumulations were mutation-dependent and correlated with the trafficking pattern of NPC1: higher levels of cholesterol and glycolipids were associated with the mutations that exhibited delayed intracellular trafficking, as compared to their WT-like trafficked or wild type (WT) counterparts. Furthermore, variations in membrane structure was confirmed in these cell lines based on alteration in lipid rafts composition as revealed by the shift in flotillin-2 (FLOT2) distribution, a typical lipid rafts marker, which again showed marked alterations only in the NPC1 mutant showing major trafficking delay. Finally, treatment with N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ, Miglustat) led to a reduction of stored lipids in cells from both patients to various extents, however, no normalisation in lipid raft structure was achieved. The data presented in this study help in understanding the varying biochemical phenotypes observed in patients harbouring different mutations, which explain why the effectiveness of NB-DNJ treatment is patient specific.
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18
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Seo JM, Lamothe LM, Shin H, Austin S, Yoo SH, Lee BH. Determination of glucose generation rate from various types of glycemic carbohydrates by mammalian glucosidases anchored in the small intestinal tissue. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:751-757. [PMID: 32194128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The supernatant from rat intestinal acetone powder (RIAP) was used as a source of mammalian glucosidases to determine the digestion properties of glycemic-carbohydrates. We hypothesized that many glucosidases are still anchored to the precipitated-intestinal tissues with available enzymes, and developed a method using the RIAP suspension to optimize the in vitro carbohydrate digestion model. The glucose production from various types of glycemic ingredients by RIAP suspension showed that this carbohydrate-hydrolysis model using the entire spectrum of glucosidases can be applied in an in vitro assay to determine carbohydrate quality from glycemic food products at the mammalian level. This approach better mimics the mammalian situation compared to other assays to determine the glycemic-carbohydrate digestion properties that employ fungal/microbial glucosidases that have different hydrolytic activities compared to mammalian enzymes. The method can also be used to determine the inhibitory effects of α-glucosidase inhibitors to attenuate the post-prandial blood glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Lisa M Lamothe
- Nestle Research, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Hansol Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sean Austin
- Nestle Research, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Chaudet MM, Amiri M, Marth N, Naim HY, Rose DR. Phylogenetic analysis reveals key residues in substrate hydrolysis in the isomaltase domain of sucrase-isomaltase and its role in starch digestion. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1410-1416. [PMID: 31254546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starch constitutes one of the main sources of nutrition in the human diet and is broken down through a number of stages of digestion. Small intestinal breakdown of starch-derived substrates occurs through the mechanisms of small intestinal brush border enzymes, maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase. These enzymes each contain two functional enzymatic domains, and though they share sequence and structural similarities due to their evolutionary conservation, they demonstrate distinct substrate preferences and catalytic efficiency. The N-terminal isomaltase domain of sucrase-isomaltase has a unique ability to actively hydrolyze isomaltose substrates in contrast to the sucrase, maltase and glucoamylase enzymes. METHODS Through phylogenetic analysis, structural comparisons and mutagenesis, we were able to identify specific residues that play a role in the distinct substrate preference. Mutational analysis and comparison with wild-type activity provide evidence that this role is mediated in part by affecting interactions between the sucrase and isomaltase domains in the intact molecule. RESULTS The sequence analysis revealed three residues proposed to play key roles in isomaltase specificity. Mutational analysis provided evidence that these residues in isomaltase can also affect activity in the partner sucrase domain, suggesting a close interaction between the domains. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The sucrase and isomaltase domains are closely interacting in the mature protein. The activity of each is affected by the presence of the other. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE There has been little experimental evidence previously of the effects on activity of interactions between the sucrase-isomaltase enzyme domains. By extension, similar interactions might be expected in the other intestinal α-glucosidase, maltase-glucoamylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M Chaudet
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mahdi Amiri
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nathalie Marth
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - David R Rose
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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20
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, Romero-Nava R, Carbó R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sánchez-Muñoz F. High Fructose Intake and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2787. [PMID: 31181590 PMCID: PMC6600229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, high fructose intake from sugar-sweetened beverages has contributed to obesity development. In the diet, sucrose and high fructose corn syrup are the main sources of fructose and can be metabolized in the intestine and transported into the systemic circulation. The liver can metabolize around 70% of fructose intake, while the remaining is metabolized by other tissues. Several tissues including adipose tissue express the main fructose transporter GLUT5. In vivo, chronic fructose intake promotes white adipose tissue accumulation through activating adipogenesis. In vitro experiments have also demonstrated that fructose alone induces adipogenesis by several mechanisms, including (1) triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production by fructose metabolism, (2) the stimulation of glucocorticoid activation by increasing 11β-HSD1 activity, and (3) the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through uric acid, NOX and XOR expression, mTORC1 signaling and Ang II induction. Moreover, it has been observed that fructose induces adipogenesis through increased ACE2 expression, which promotes high Ang-(1-7) levels, and through the inhibition of the thermogenic program by regulating Sirt1 and UCP1. Finally, microRNAs may also be involved in regulating adipogenesis in high fructose intake conditions. In this paper, we propose further directions for research in fructose participation in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico city 06720, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - L Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
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21
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Shammas H, Kuech EM, Rizk S, Das AM, Naim HY. Different Niemann-Pick C1 Genotypes Generate Protein Phenotypes that Vary in their Intracellular Processing, Trafficking and Localization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5292. [PMID: 30923329 PMCID: PMC6438969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick Type C (NP-C) is an inherited neurovisceral lysosomal storage disease characterized by a defect in the trafficking of endocytosed cholesterol. In 95% of patients the gene encoding NPC1 is affected. The correlation of the genetic background in NP-C with the clinical phenotype such as, severity and onset of liver dysfunction, ataxia, dystonia and vertical gaze palsy, has not been elucidated at the molecular level. We have designed strategies to investigate the effect of different mutations in the NPC1 gene at the protein and cellular levels. The NPC1 mutants were expressed in mammalian cells and their structural features, maturation pathways and subcellular localization elucidated. Interestingly, three classes of NPC1 mutants could be identified and further characterized. The first group comprised mutants in which the NPC1 protein revealed virtually similar structural features to the wild type species. It was trafficked to the lysosomes and colocalized with the lysosomal protein marker Lamp2. The second class of NPC1 mutants was only partially trafficked to the lysosomes, but predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the third group with the most severe phenotype, NPC1 mutants were entirely retained in the ER, colocalizing with the ER-protein marker calnexin. In conclusion, this study relates NPC1 mutations to the trafficking behavior of the NPC1 mutants along the secretory pathway. The findings are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of NP-C and propose a mutation-based personalized therapeutical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Shammas
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Paediatric Kidney-, Liver-, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Kuech
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Anibh M Das
- Clinic for Paediatric Kidney-, Liver-, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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22
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González-Montoya M, Hernández-Ledesma B, Mora-Escobedo R, Martínez-Villaluenga C. Bioactive Peptides from Germinated Soybean with Anti-Diabetic Potential by Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV, α-Amylase, and α-Glucosidase Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2883. [PMID: 30249015 PMCID: PMC6213256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional foods containing peptides offer the possibility to modulate the absorption of sugars and insulin levels to prevent diabetes. This study investigates the potential of germinated soybean peptides to modulate postprandial glycaemic response through inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), salivary α-amylase, and intestinal α-glucosidases. A protein isolate from soybean sprouts was digested by pepsin and pancreatin. Protein digest and peptide fractions obtained by ultrafiltration (<5, 5⁻10 and >10 kDa) and subsequent semipreparative reverse phase liquid chromatography (F1, F2, F3, and F4) were screened for in vitro inhibition of DPP-IV, α-amylase, maltase, and sucrase activities. Protein digest inhibited DPP-IV (IC50 = 1.49 mg/mL), α-amylase (IC50 = 1.70 mg/mL), maltase, and sucrase activities of α-glucosidases (IC50 = 3.73 and 2.90 mg/mL, respectively). Peptides of 5⁻10 and >10 kDa were more effective at inhibiting DPP-IV (IC50 = 0.91 and 1.18 mg/mL, respectively), while peptides of 5⁻10 and <5 kDa showed a higher potency to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidases. Peptides in F1, F2, and F3 were mainly fragments from β-conglycinin, glycinin, and P34 thiol protease. The analysis of structural features of peptides in F1⁻F3 allowed the tentative identification of potential antidiabetic peptides. Germinated soybean protein showed a promising potential to be used as a nutraceutical or functional ingredient for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela González-Montoya
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Cda. Manuel Stampa. C.P, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosalva Mora-Escobedo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional "Adolfo López Mateos", Calle Wilfrido Massieu esquina Cda. Manuel Stampa. C.P, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico.
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23
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Individual contributions of Savinase and Lactobacillus plantarum to lentil functionalization during alkaline pH-controlled fermentation. Food Chem 2018; 257:341-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Knudsen IMB, Hedberg C, Ladefoged LK, Ide D, Brinkø A, Eikeland EZ, Kato A, Jensen HH. Divergent synthesis of new α-glucosidase inhibitors obtained through a vinyl Grignard-mediated carbocyclisation. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6250-6261. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01433g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Four new α-glucosidase inhibitors have been synthesised through 5–8 synthetic steps from a common synthetic intermediate obtained through a recently developed carbocyclisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucy Kate Ladefoged
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
| | - Daisuke Ide
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-0194
- Japan
| | - Anne Brinkø
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Espen Z. Eikeland
- Center for Materials Crystallography
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-0194
- Japan
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