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Chakraborty A, Kamat SS. Lysophosphatidylserine: A Signaling Lipid with Implications in Human Diseases. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5470-5504. [PMID: 38607675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) has emerged as yet another important signaling lysophospholipid in mammals, and deregulation in its metabolism has been directly linked to an array of human autoimmune and neurological disorders. It has an indispensable role in several biological processes in humans, and therefore, cellular concentrations of lyso-PS are tightly regulated to ensure optimal signaling and functioning in physiological settings. Given its biological importance, the past two decades have seen an explosion in the available literature toward our understanding of diverse aspects of lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and its association with human diseases. In this Review, we aim to comprehensively summarize different aspects of lyso-PS, such as its structure, biodistribution, chemical synthesis, and SAR studies with some synthetic analogs. From a biochemical perspective, we provide an exhaustive coverage of the diverse biological activities modulated by lyso-PSs, such as its metabolism and the receptors that respond to them in humans. We also briefly discuss the human diseases associated with aberrant lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and posit some future directions that may advance our understanding of lyso-PS-mediated mammalian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Bai Y, Luo K, Xie W. The phospholipase PNPLA7 functions as a positive indicator in human colorectal and gastric cancers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35279. [PMID: 37861523 PMCID: PMC10589606 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors remains a clinical challenge due to their insidious onset. Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 7 (PNPLA7) has been shown to be associated with the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the expressions of PNPLA7 in colorectal and gastric cancers remain unclear. The online gene expression profiling interactive analysis and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases were used for the analysis of the expression of PNPLA7 and the survival curve, respectively. The tumor tissues and their corresponding normal noncancerous tissues from colorectal cancer or gastric cancer patients were collected and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to evaluate the expression of related genes. PNPLA7 was significantly down-regulated in gastric and colorectal cancer tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that PNPLA7 could be used as a diagnostic marker for gastric and colorectal tumors. The overall survival of patients with high expression of PNPLA7 was also significantly higher than that of patients with low expression in stomach and rectum adenocarcinoma. Phospholipase PNPLA7 can be used as a positive diagnostic indicator for colorectal and gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunlun Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixuan Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Lulić AM, Katalinić M. The PNPLA family of enzymes: characterisation and biological role. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:75-89. [PMID: 37357879 PMCID: PMC10291501 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper brings a brief review of the human patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein (PNPLA) family. Even though it consists of only nine members, their physiological roles and mechanisms of their catalytic activity are not fully understood. However, the results of a number of knock-out and gain- or loss-of-function research models suggest that these enzymes have an important role in maintaining the homeostasis and integrity of organelle membranes, in cell growth, signalling, cell death, and the metabolism of lipids such as triacylglycerol, phospholipids, ceramides, and retinyl esters. Research has also revealed a connection between PNPLA family member mutations or irregular catalytic activity and the development of various diseases. Here we summarise important findings published so far and discuss their structure, localisation in the cell, distribution in the tissues, specificity for substrates, and their potential physiological role, especially in view of their potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Marija Lulić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Katalinić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
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Hu J, Li P, Han H, Ji P, Zhao X, Li Z. Integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling reveals the effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction on Parkinson's disease in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154755. [PMID: 36948142 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, complex, and chronic neurodegenerative disorder involved in multi-system. At present, medicine for PD has many limitations. Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD), a famous traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) formulae, is used in the treatment of PD clinically in China. However, the therapeutic mechanism is still unknown. PURPOSE We aimed to explore the pharmacological mechanism of BHD alleviating PD through an integrated liver metabolome and brain transcriptome analysis. METHODS The mice with PD were induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of BHD. The non-targeted metabolomics analysis was conducted to profile differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in the liver using a UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS/MS method. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain were investigated by transcriptomic analysis on an Illumina sequencing platform. The correlations of DAMs and DEGs were investigated using an integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach. RESULTS The results of behavioral tests and immunohistochemistry proved the alleviated effects of BHD on PD symptoms. A total of 14 and 36 DAMs were detected in the groups treated with low- (L group) and high-dose (H group) BHD respectively under the positive ion mode. Compared with the PD model group (M group), three enriched pathways including metabolic pathways, ABC transporters, and biosynthesis of amino acids were common in the L and H group. Transcriptomic analysis proved that BHD could regulate the expression of numerous genes, some of which were targeted by Ben-Ldopa such as Creb5, Gm45623, Ccer2, Cd180, Fosl2, Crip3, and Noxred1. Based on the integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, 7 metabolite-gene pairs were found in four comparisons, including C vs M, M vs P, M vs L, and M vs H, and 6 enriched pathways containing purine metabolism, glycine/serine/threonine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, thiamine metabolism, and ABC transporters were overlapped. CONCLUSIONS Though the underlying pharmacological mechanism of BHD is still lacking, we provided evidence that BHD could improve dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced PD mice by regulating liver metabolism and brain transcriptome. The correlation between the liver and the brain was preliminarily revealed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianran Hu
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Hongyan Han
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Pengyu Ji
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and the Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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The phospholipase A 2 superfamily as a central hub of bioactive lipids and beyond. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108382. [PMID: 36918102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
In essence, "phospholipase A2" (PLA2) means a group of enzymes that release fatty acids and lysophospholipids by hydrolyzing the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids. To date, more than 50 enzymes possessing PLA2 or related lipid-metabolizing activities have been identified in mammals, and these are subdivided into several families in terms of their structures, catalytic mechanisms, tissue/cellular localizations, and evolutionary relationships. From a general viewpoint, the PLA2 superfamily has mainly been implicated in signal transduction, driving the production of a wide variety of bioactive lipid mediators. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that PLA2s also contribute to phospholipid remodeling or recycling for membrane homeostasis, fatty acid β-oxidation for energy production, and barrier lipid formation on the body surface. Accordingly, PLA2 enzymes are considered one of the key regulators of a broad range of lipid metabolism, and perturbation of specific PLA2-driven lipid pathways often disrupts tissue and cellular homeostasis and may be associated with a variety of diseases. This review covers current understanding of the physiological functions of the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the two major intracellular PLA2 families (Ca2+-dependent cytosolic PLA2s and Ca2+-independent patatin-like PLA2s) as well as other PLA2 families, based on studies using gene-manipulated mice and human diseases in combination with comprehensive lipidomics.
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Harada S, Taketomi Y, Aiba T, Kawaguchi M, Hirabayashi T, Uranbileg B, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, Murakami M. The Lysophospholipase PNPLA7 Controls Hepatic Choline and Methionine Metabolism. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030471. [PMID: 36979406 PMCID: PMC10046082 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo roles of lysophospholipase, which cleaves a fatty acyl ester of lysophospholipid, remained unclear. Recently, we have unraveled a previously unrecognized physiological role of the lysophospholipase PNPLA7, a member of the Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) family, as a key regulator of the production of glycerophosphocholine (GPC), a precursor of endogenous choline, whose methyl groups are preferentially fluxed into the methionine cycle in the liver. PNPLA7 deficiency in mice markedly decreases hepatic GPC, choline, and several metabolites related to choline/methionine metabolism, leading to various symptoms reminiscent of methionine shortage. Overall metabolic alterations in the liver of Pnpla7-null mice in vivo largely recapitulate those in methionine-deprived hepatocytes in vitro. Reduction of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) after methionine deprivation decreases the methylation of the PNPLA7 gene promoter, relieves PNPLA7 expression, and thereby increases GPC and choline levels, likely as a compensatory adaptation. In line with the view that SAM prevents the development of liver cancer, the expression of PNPLA7, as well as several enzymes in the choline/methionine metabolism, is reduced in human hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings uncover an unexplored role of a lysophospholipase in hepatic phospholipid catabolism coupled with choline/methionine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Harada
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiki Aiba
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mai Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Baasanjav Uranbileg
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-1431
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Hirabayashi T, Kawaguchi M, Harada S, Mouri M, Takamiya R, Miki Y, Sato H, Taketomi Y, Yokoyama K, Kobayashi T, Tokuoka SM, Kita Y, Yoda E, Hara S, Mikami K, Nishito Y, Kikuchi N, Nakata R, Kaneko M, Kiyonari H, Kasahara K, Aiba T, Ikeda K, Soga T, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, Murakami M. Hepatic phosphatidylcholine catabolism driven by PNPLA7 and PNPLA8 supplies endogenous choline to replenish the methionine cycle with methyl groups. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111940. [PMID: 36719796 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline supplies methyl groups for regeneration of methionine and the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine in the liver. Here, we report that the catabolism of membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC) into water-soluble glycerophosphocholine (GPC) by the phospholipase/lysophospholipase PNPLA8-PNPLA7 axis enables endogenous choline stored in hepatic PC to be utilized in methyl metabolism. PNPLA7-deficient mice show marked decreases in hepatic GPC, choline, and several metabolites related to the methionine cycle, accompanied by various signs of methionine insufficiency, including growth retardation, hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia, increased energy consumption, reduced adiposity, increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and an altered histone/DNA methylation landscape. Moreover, PNPLA8-deficient mice recapitulate most of these phenotypes. In contrast to wild-type mice fed a methionine/choline-deficient diet, both knockout strains display decreased hepatic triglyceride, likely via reductions of lipogenesis and GPC-derived glycerol flux. Collectively, our findings highlight the biological importance of phospholipid catabolism driven by PNPLA8/PNPLA7 in methyl group flux and triglyceride synthesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Mai Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sayaka Harada
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Misa Mouri
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Rina Takamiya
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Suzumi M Tokuoka
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kita
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kyohei Mikami
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Norihito Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kohji Kasahara
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Toshiki Aiba
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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Wang Y, Zeng F, Zhao Z, He L, He X, Pang H, Huang F, Chang P. Transmembrane Protein 68 Functions as an MGAT and DGAT Enzyme for Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032012. [PMID: 36768334 PMCID: PMC9916437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TG) biosynthesis is an important metabolic process for intracellular storage of surplus energy, intestinal dietary fat absorption, attenuation of lipotoxicity, lipid transportation, lactation and signal transduction in mammals. Transmembrane protein 68 (TMEM68) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored acyltransferase family member of unknown function. In the current study we show that overexpression of TMEM68 promotes TG accumulation and lipid droplet (LD) formation in a conserved active sites-dependent manner. Quantitative targeted lipidomic analysis showed that diacylglycerol (DG), free fatty acid (FFA) and TG levels were increased by TMEM68 expression. In addition, TMEM68 overexpression affected the levels of several glycerophospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, as well as sterol ester contents. TMEM68 exhibited monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities dependent on the conserved active sites in an in vitro assay. The expression of lipogenesis genes, including DGATs, fatty acid synthesis-related genes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was upregulated in TMEM68-overexpressing cells. These results together demonstrate for the first time that TMEM68 functions as an acyltransferase and affects lipogenic gene expression, glycerolipid metabolism and TG storage in mammalian cells.
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Miš K, Lulić AM, Marš T, Pirkmajer S, Katalinić M. Insulin, dibutyryl-cAMP, and glucose modulate expression of patatin-like domain containing protein 7 in cultured human myotubes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139303. [PMID: 37033214 PMCID: PMC10073714 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 7 (PNPLA7), also known as neuropathy target esterase-related esterase (NRE), a lysophospholipase, increases with fasting and decreases with feeding in mouse skeletal muscle, indicating it is regulated by insulin, counterregulatory hormones, such as glucocorticoids and catecholamines, and/or nutrients. In cultured mouse adipocytes insulin reduces Pnpla7 expression, underscoring the possibility that insulin regulates PNPLA7 in skeletal muscle. The first aim of this study was to establish whether PNPLA7 is functionally expressed in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. The second aim was to determine whether PNPLA7 is regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, and/or glucose. Cultured human skeletal muscle cells expressed PNPLA7 mRNA and protein. Gene silencing of PNPLA7 in myoblasts reduced the phosphorylation of 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase and ribosomal protein S6 as well as the abundance of α1-subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, indirectly suggesting that PNPLA7 is functionally important. In myotubes, insulin suppressed PNPLA7 mRNA at 1 g/L glucose, but not at low (0.5 g/L) or high (4.5 g/L) concentrations. Treatment with synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone and activator of adenylyl cyclase forskolin had no effect on PNPLA7 regardless of glucose concentration, while dibutyryl-cAMP, a cell-permeable cAMP analogue, suppressed PNPLA7 mRNA at 4.5 g/L glucose. The abundance of PNPLA7 protein correlated inversely with the glucose concentrations. Collectively, our results highlight that PNPLA7 in human myotubes is regulated by metabolic signals, implicating a role for PNPLA7 in skeletal muscle energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Miš
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana-Marija Lulić
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomaž Marš
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Sergej Pirkmajer, ; Maja Katalinić,
| | - Maja Katalinić
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Sergej Pirkmajer, ; Maja Katalinić,
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The Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain Containing Protein 7 Regulates Macrophage Classical Activation through SIRT1/NF-κB and p38 MAPK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314983. [PMID: 36499308 PMCID: PMC9739533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a bioactive lipid that modulates macrophage polarization during immune responses, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 7 (PNPLA7) is a lysophospholipase with a preference for LPC. However, the role of PNPLA7 in macrophage polarization as an LPC hydrolase has not been explored. In the current study, we found that PNPLA7 is highly expressed in naïve macrophages and downregulated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced polarization towards the classically activated (M1) phenotype. Consistently, overexpression of PNPLA7 suppressed the expression of proinflammatory M1 marker genes, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), whereas knockdown of PNPLA7 augmented the inflammatory gene expression in LPS-challenged macrophages. PNPLA7 overexpression and knockdown increased and decreased Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) mRNA and protein levels, respectively, and affected the acetylation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit, a key transcription factor in M1 polarization. In addition, the levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were suppressed and enhanced by PNPLA7 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. Taken together, these findings suggest that PNPLA7 suppresses M1 polarization of LPS-challenged macrophages by modulating SIRT1/NF-κB- and p38 MAPK-dependent pathways.
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Wang X, Wang J, Raza SHA, Deng J, Ma J, Qu X, Yu S, Zhang D, Alshammari AM, Almohaimeed HM, Zan L. Identification of the hub genes related to adipose tissue metabolism of bovine. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1014286. [PMID: 36439361 PMCID: PMC9682410 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1014286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the demand for high-quality animal protein, there has been consistent interest in how to obtain more high-quality beef. As well-known, the adipose content of beef has a close connection with the taste and quality of beef, and cattle with different energy or protein diet have corresponding effects on the lipid metabolism of beef. Thus, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) with subcutaneous adipose genes from Norwegian red heifers fed different diets to identify hub genes regulating bovine lipid metabolism. For this purpose, the RNA sequencing data of subcutaneous adipose tissue of 12-month-old Norwegian red heifers (n = 48) with different energy or protein levels were selected from the GEO database, and 7,630 genes with the largest variation were selected for WGCNA analysis. Then, three modules were selected as hub genes candidate modules according to the correlation between modules and phenotypes, including pink, magenta and grey60 modules. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that genes were related to metabolism, and participated in Rap, MAPK, AMPK, VEGF signaling pathways, and so forth. Combined gene interaction network analysis using Cytoscape software, eight hub genes of lipid metabolism were identified, including TIA1, LOC516108, SNAPC4, CPSF2, ZNF574, CLASRP, MED15 and U2AF2. Further, the expression levels of hub genes in the cattle tissue were also measured to verify the results, and we found hub genes in higher expression in muscle and adipose tissue in adult cattle. In summary, we predicted the key genes of lipid metabolism in the subcutaneous adipose tissue that were affected by the intake of various energy diets to find the hub genes that coordinate lipid metabolism, which provide a theoretical basis for regulating beef quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | | | - Jiahan Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shengchen Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dianqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | | | - Hailah M. Almohaimeed
- Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Linsen Zan
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12
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The Catalytic Domain of Neuropathy Target Esterase Influences Lipid Droplet Biogenesis and Lipid Metabolism in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070637. [PMID: 35888761 PMCID: PMC9319352 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored phospholipase, neuropathy target esterase (NTE) catalyzes the deacylation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The catalytic domain of NTE (NEST) exhibits comparable activity to NTE and binds to lipid droplets (LD). In the current study, the nucleotide monophosphate (cNMP)-binding domains (CBDs) were firstly demonstrated not to be essential for the ER-targeting of NTE, but to be involved in the normal ER distribution and localization to LD. NEST was associated with LD surface and influenced LD formation in human neuroblastoma cells. Overexpression of NEST enhances triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation upon oleic acid loading. Quantitative targeted lipidomic analysis shows that overexpression of NEST does not alter diacylglycerol levels but reduces free fatty acids content. NEST not only lowered levels of LPC and acyl-LPC, but not PC or alkyl-PC, but also widely altered levels of other lipid metabolites. Qualitative PCR indicates that the increase in levels of TG is due to the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene by NEST overexpression. Thus, NTE may broadly regulate lipid metabolism to play roles in LD biogenesis in cells.
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13
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Zhao J, Zhang H, Fan X, Yu X, Huai J. Lipid Dyshomeostasis and Inherited Cerebellar Ataxia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3800-3828. [PMID: 35420383 PMCID: PMC9148275 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a form of ataxia that originates from dysfunction of the cerebellum, but may involve additional neurological tissues. Its clinical symptoms are mainly characterized by the absence of voluntary muscle coordination and loss of control of movement with varying manifestations due to differences in severity, in the site of cerebellar damage and in the involvement of extracerebellar tissues. Cerebellar ataxia may be sporadic, acquired, and hereditary. Hereditary ataxia accounts for the majority of cases. Hereditary ataxia has been tentatively divided into several subtypes by scientists in the field, and nearly all of them remain incurable. This is mainly because the detailed mechanisms of these cerebellar disorders are incompletely understood. To precisely diagnose and treat these diseases, studies on their molecular mechanisms have been conducted extensively in the past. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that some common pathogenic mechanisms exist within each subtype of inherited ataxia. However, no reports have indicated whether there is a common mechanism among the different subtypes of inherited cerebellar ataxia. In this review, we summarize the available references and databases on neurological disorders characterized by cerebellar ataxia and show that a subset of genes involved in lipid homeostasis form a new group that may cause ataxic disorders through a common mechanism. This common signaling pathway can provide a valuable reference for future diagnosis and treatment of ataxic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xueyu Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xue Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jisen Huai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), Xinxiang, 453000, China.
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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14
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Current Knowledge on Mammalian Phospholipase A1, Brief History, Structures, Biochemical and Pathophysiological Roles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082487. [PMID: 35458682 PMCID: PMC9031518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is an enzyme that cleaves an ester bond at the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids, producing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid. PLA1 activities have been detected both extracellularly and intracellularly, which are well conserved in higher eukaryotes, including fish and mammals. All extracellular PLA1s belong to the lipase family. In addition to PLA1 activity, most mammalian extracellular PLA1s exhibit lipase activity to hydrolyze triacylglycerol, cleaving the fatty acid and contributing to its absorption into the intestinal tract and tissues. Some extracellular PLA1s exhibit PLA1 activities specific to phosphatidic acid (PA) or phosphatidylserine (PS) and serve to produce lysophospholipid mediators such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS). A high level of PLA1 activity has been detected in the cytosol fractions, where PA-PLA1/DDHD1/iPLA1 was responsible for the activity. Many homologs of PA-PLA1 and PLA2 have been shown to exhibit PLA1 activity. Although much has been learned about the pathophysiological roles of PLA1 molecules through studies of knockout mice and human genetic diseases, many questions regarding their biochemical properties, including their genuine in vivo substrate, remain elusive.
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15
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Vogel P, Read RW, Hansen GM, Powell DR. Histopathology is required to identify and characterize myopathies in high-throughput phenotype screening of genetically engineered mice. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:1158-1171. [PMID: 34269122 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of mouse models that replicate the genetic and pathological features of human disease is important in preclinical research because these types of models enable the completion of meaningful pharmacokinetic, safety, and efficacy studies. Numerous relevant mouse models of human disease have been discovered in high-throughput screening programs, but there are important specific phenotypes revealed by histopathology that are not reliably detected by any other physiological or behavioral screening tests. As part of comprehensive phenotypic analyses of over 4000 knockout (KO) mice, histopathology identified 12 lines of KO mice with lesions indicative of an autosomal recessive myopathy. This report includes a brief summary of histological and other findings in these 12 lines. Notably, the inverted screen test detected muscle weakness in only 4 of these 12 lines (Scyl1, Plpp7, Chkb, and Asnsd1), all 4 of which have been previously recognized and published. In contrast, 6 of 8 KO lines showing negative or inconclusive findings on the inverted screen test (Plppr2, Pnpla7, Tenm1, Srpk3, Sidt2, Yif1b, Mrs2, and Pnpla2) had not been previously identified as having myopathies. These findings support the need to include histopathology in phenotype screening protocols in order to identify novel genetic myopathies that are not clinically evident or not detected by the inverted screen test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vogel
- 5417St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert W Read
- 57636Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
| | | | - David R Powell
- 57636Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc, The Woodlands, TX, USA
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16
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Wang X, Guo M, Wang Q, Wang Q, Zuo S, Zhang X, Tong H, Chen J, Wang H, Chen X, Guo J, Su X, Liang H, Zhou H, Li JZ. The Patatin-Like Phospholipase Domain Containing Protein 7 Facilitates VLDL Secretion by Modulating ApoE Stability. Hepatology 2020; 72:1569-1585. [PMID: 32103509 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The regulation of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion is vital for lipid metabolism whose pathogenetic status is involved in fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia seen in hepatic steatosis. Accumulated evidence suggest that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is closely related to hepatic VLDL secretion. Here, we report that the expression of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 7 (PNPLA7) is strongly induced by hepatic steatosis and positively correlates with plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in the human subjects, whereas the role of PNPLA7 in hepatic VLDL secretion is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Herein, with genetic manipulation in the mice, the deficiency of hepatic PNPLA7 expression resulted in reduced VLDL secretion accompanied by enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation and decreased hepatic ApoE expression. Furthermore, knockdown of PNPLA7 in the livers of the db/db mice also resulted in significant reduction in plasma TAG level but aggravated hepatic steatosis. Importantly, we observed that PNPLA7 interacted with ApoE and presumably at the site of endoplasmic reticulum. Mechanistically, we have shown that PNPLA7 could modulate polyubiquitination and proteasomal-mediated degradation of ApoE. Overexpressed ApoE restored the impaired VLDL-TAG metabolism in PNPLA7-knockdown primary hepatocytes. CONCLUSION PNPLA7 plays a critical role in regulating hepatic VLDL secretion by modulating ApoE stability through its interaction with ApoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shasha Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jizheng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- The Sate Key laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Science and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- The Sate Key laboratory of Membrane Biology, Center for Life Science and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyuan Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiong Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University Medical College, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwen Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - John Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Murakami M, Sato H, Taketomi Y. Updating Phospholipase A 2 Biology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1457. [PMID: 33086624 PMCID: PMC7603386 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily contains more than 50 enzymes in mammals that are subdivided into several distinct families on a structural and biochemical basis. In principle, PLA2 has the capacity to hydrolyze the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to release fatty acids and lysophospholipids, yet several enzymes in this superfamily catalyze other reactions rather than or in addition to the PLA2 reaction. PLA2 enzymes play crucial roles in not only the production of lipid mediators, but also membrane remodeling, bioenergetics, and body surface barrier, thereby participating in a number of biological events. Accordingly, disturbance of PLA2-regulated lipid metabolism is often associated with various diseases. This review updates the current state of understanding of the classification, enzymatic properties, and biological functions of various enzymes belonging to the PLA2 superfamily, focusing particularly on the novel roles of PLA2s in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (H.S.); (Y.T.)
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18
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Uengwetwanit T, Uawisetwathana U, Arayamethakorn S, Khudet J, Chaiyapechara S, Karoonuthaisiri N, Rungrassamee W. Multi-omics analysis to examine microbiota, host gene expression and metabolites in the intestine of black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon) with different growth performance. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9646. [PMID: 32864208 PMCID: PMC7430268 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the correlation between shrimp growth and their intestinal bacteria would be necessary to optimize animal's growth performance. Here, we compared the bacterial profiles along with the shrimp's gene expression responses and metabolites in the intestines between the Top and the Bottom weight groups. Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were collected from the same population and rearing environments. The two weight groups, the Top-weight group with an average weight of 36.82 ± 0.41 g and the Bottom-weight group with an average weight of 17.80 ± 11.81 g, were selected. Intestines were aseptically collected and subjected to microbiota, transcriptomic and metabolomic profile analyses. The weighted-principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on UniFrac distances showed similar bacterial profiles between the two groups, suggesting similar relative composition of the overall bacterial community structures. This observed similarity was likely due to the fact that shrimp were from the same genetic background and reared under the same habitat and diets. On the other hand, the unweighted-distance matrix revealed that the bacterial profiles associated in intestines of the Top-weight group were clustered distinctly from those of the Bottom-weight shrimp, suggesting that some unique non-dominant bacterial genera were found associated with either group. The key bacterial members associated to the Top-weight shrimp were mostly from Firmicutes (Brevibacillus and Fusibacter) and Bacteroidetes (Spongiimonas), both of which were found in significantly higher abundance than those of the Bottom-weight shrimp. Transcriptomic profile of shrimp intestines found significant upregulation of genes mostly involved in nutrient metabolisms and energy storage in the Top-weight shrimp. In addition to significantly expressed metabolic-related genes, the Bottom-weight shrimp also showed significant upregulation of stress and immune-related genes, suggesting that these pathways might contribute to different degrees of shrimp growth performance. A non-targeted metabolome analysis from shrimp intestines revealed different metabolic responsive patterns, in which the Top-weight shrimp contained significantly higher levels of short chain fatty acids, lipids and organic compounds than the Bottom-weight shrimp. The identified metabolites included those that were known to be produced by intestinal bacteria such as butyric acid, 4-indolecarbaldehyde and L-3-phenyllactic acid as well as those produced by shrimp such as acyl-carnitines and lysophosphatidylcholine. The functions of these metabolites were related to nutrient absorption and metabolisms. Our findings provide the first report utilizing multi-omics integration approach to investigate microbiota, metabolic and transcriptomics profiles of the host shrimp and their potential roles and relationship to shrimp growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaporn Uengwetwanit
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Umaporn Uawisetwathana
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sopacha Arayamethakorn
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Juthatip Khudet
- Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sage Chaiyapechara
- Aquaculture Service Development Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wanilada Rungrassamee
- Microarray Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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19
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Titz B, Szostak J, Sewer A, Phillips B, Nury C, Schneider T, Dijon S, Lavrynenko O, Elamin A, Guedj E, Tsin Wong E, Lebrun S, Vuillaume G, Kondylis A, Gubian S, Cano S, Leroy P, Keppler B, Ivanov NV, Vanscheeuwijck P, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Multi-omics systems toxicology study of mouse lung assessing the effects of aerosols from two heat-not-burn tobacco products and cigarette smoke. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1056-1073. [PMID: 32419906 PMCID: PMC7218232 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics systems toxicology study, comprising five omics data modalities. Multi-Omics Factor Analysis and multi-modality functional network interpretation. Cigarettes smoke (CS) induced complex immunoregulatory interactions across molecular layers. Aerosols from two heat-not-burn tobacco products had less impact on lungs than CS.
Cigarette smoke (CS) causes adverse health effects and, for smoker who do not quit, modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) can be an alternative to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Standard toxicological endpoints can lack sensitivity, with systems toxicology approaches yielding broader insights into toxicological mechanisms. In a 6-month systems toxicology study on ApoE−/− mice, we conducted an integrative multi-omics analysis to assess the effects of aerosols from the Carbon Heated Tobacco Product (CHTP) 1.2 and Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2—a potential and a candidate MRTP based on the heat-not-burn (HnB) principle—compared with CS at matched nicotine concentrations. Molecular exposure effects in the lungs were measured by mRNA/microRNA transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. Integrative data analysis included Multi-Omics Factor Analysis and multi-modality functional network interpretation. Across all five data modalities, CS exposure was associated with an increased inflammatory and oxidative stress response, and lipid/surfactant alterations. Upon HnB aerosol exposure these effects were much more limited or absent, with reversal of CS-induced effects upon cessation and switching to CHTP 1.2. Functional network analysis revealed CS-induced complex immunoregulatory interactions across the investigated molecular layers (e.g., itaconate, quinolinate, and miR-146) and highlighted the engagement of the heme–Hmox–bilirubin oxidative stress axis by CS. This work exemplifies how multi-omics approaches can be leveraged within systems toxicology studies and the generated multi-omics data set can facilitate the development of analysis methods and can yield further insights into the effects of toxicological exposures on the lung of mice.
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Key Words
- CHTP, Carbon Heated Tobacco Product
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CS, cigarette smoke
- Cigarette smoking
- Inhalation toxicology
- LC, liquid chromatography
- MOFA, Multi-Omics Factor Analysis
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Modified risk tobacco product (MRTP)
- Multi-omics
- PCSF, prize-collecting Steiner forest
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Systems toxicology
- THS, Tobacco Heating System
- cMRTP, candidate modified risk tobacco product
- sGCCA, sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dijon
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Stefan Lebrun
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Vuillaume
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Gubian
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cano
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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20
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Chang P, Sun T, Heier C, Gao H, Xu H, Huang F. Interaction of the Lysophospholipase PNPLA7 with Lipid Droplets through the Catalytic Region. Mol Cells 2020; 43:286-297. [PMID: 32208367 PMCID: PMC7103881 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian patatin-like phospholipase domain containing proteins (PNPLAs) play critical roles in triglyceride hydrolysis, phospholipids metabolism, and lipid droplet (LD) homeostasis. PNPLA7 is a lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase anchored on the endoplasmic reticulum which associates with LDs through its catalytic region (PNPLA7-C) in response to increased cyclic nucleotide levels. However, the interaction of PNPLA7 with LDs through its catalytic region is unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that PNPLA7-C localizes to the mature LDs ex vivo and also colocalizes with pre-existing LDs. Localization of PNPLA7-C with LDs induces LDs clustering via non-enzymatic intermolecular associations, while PNPLA7 alone does not induce LD clustering. Residues 742-1016 contains four putative transmembrane domains which act as a LD targeting motif and are required for the localization of PNPLA7-C to LDs. Furthermore, the N-terminal flanking region of the LD targeting motif, residues 681-741, contributes to the LD targeting, whereas the C-terminal flanking region (1169-1326) has an anti-LD targeting effect. Interestingly, the LD targeting motif does not exhibit lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase activity even though it associates with LDs phospholipid membranes. These findings characterize the specific functional domains of PNPLA7 mediating subcellular positioning and interactions with LDs, as wells as providing critical insights into the structure of this evolutionarily conserved phospholipid-metabolizing enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Chang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio-intelligence, School of Bio-information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Tengteng Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio-intelligence, School of Bio-information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio-intelligence, School of Bio-information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio-intelligence, School of Bio-information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data for Bio-intelligence, School of Bio-information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
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Characterization of the Interaction of Neuropathy Target Esterase with the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lipid Droplets. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120848. [PMID: 31835418 PMCID: PMC6995513 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized phospholipase that deacylates phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Loss-of-function mutations in the human NTE gene have been associated with a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia, ataxia and chorioretinal dystrophy. Despite this, little is known about structure–function relationships between NTE protein domains, enzymatic activity and the interaction with cellular organelles. In the current study we show that the C-terminal region of NTE forms a catalytically active domain that exhibits high affinity for lipid droplets (LDs), cellular storage organelles for triacylglycerol (TAG), which have been recently implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Ectopic expression of the C domain in cultured cells decreases cellular PC, elevates TAG and induces LD clustering. LD interactions of NTE are inhibited by default by a non-enzymatic regulatory (R) region with three putative nucleotide monophosphate binding sites. Together with a N-terminal TMD the R region promotes proper distribution of the catalytic C-terminal region to the ER network. Taken together, our data indicate that NTE may exhibit dynamic interactions with the ER and LDs depending on the interplay of its functional regions. Mutations that disrupt this interplay may contribute to NTE-associated disorders by affecting NTE positioning.
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