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Owe-Larsson M, Pawłasek J, Piecha T, Sztokfisz-Ignasiak A, Pater M, Janiuk IR. The Role of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) in Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9986. [PMID: 37373130 PMCID: PMC10297965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The functions of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide encoded by the CARTPT gene vary from modifying behavior and pain sensitivity to being an antioxidant. Putative CART peptide receptor GPR160 was implicated recently in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, the exact role of CART protein in the development of neoplasms remains unclear. This systematic review includes articles retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Medline Complete databases. Nineteen publications that met the inclusion criteria and describe the association of CART and cancer were analyzed. CART is expressed in various types of cancer, e.g., in breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The role of CART as a potential biomarker in breast cancer, stomach adenocarcinoma, glioma and some types of NETs was suggested. In various cancer cell lines, CARTPT acts an oncogene, enhancing cellular survival by the activation of the ERK pathway, the stimulation of other pro-survival molecules, the inhibition of apoptosis or the increase in cyclin D1 levels. In breast cancer, CART was reported to protect tumor cells from tamoxifen-mediated death. Taken together, these data support the role of CART activity in the pathogenesis of cancer, thus opening new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Owe-Larsson
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.O.-L.); (J.P.); (A.S.-I.); (M.P.)
| | - Jan Pawłasek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.O.-L.); (J.P.); (A.S.-I.); (M.P.)
| | - Tomasz Piecha
- Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Alicja Sztokfisz-Ignasiak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.O.-L.); (J.P.); (A.S.-I.); (M.P.)
| | - Mikołaj Pater
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.O.-L.); (J.P.); (A.S.-I.); (M.P.)
| | - Izabela R. Janiuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (M.O.-L.); (J.P.); (A.S.-I.); (M.P.)
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Liu J, Zhao R, Jiang X, Li Z, Zhang B. Progress on the Application of Bortezomib and Bortezomib-Based Nanoformulations. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010051. [PMID: 35053199 PMCID: PMC8773474 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration. It can bind to the amino acid residues of the 26S proteasome, thereby causing the death of tumor cells. BTZ plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Moreover, its use in the treatment of other hematological cancers and solid tumors has been investigated in numerous clinical trials and preclinical studies. Nevertheless, the applications of BTZ are limited due to its insufficient specificity, poor permeability, and low bioavailability. Therefore, in recent years, different BTZ-based drug delivery systems have been evaluated. In this review, we firstly discussed the functions of proteasome inhibitors and their mechanisms of action. Secondly, the properties of BTZ, as well as recent advances in both clinical and preclinical research, were reviewed. Finally, progress in research regarding BTZ-based nanoformulations was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bo Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-636-8462490
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases are involved in cucurbitacin D-induced antitumor effects on adult T-cell leukemia cells. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:122-130. [PMID: 32914311 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive and malignant blood disease. We previously reported that steroid-structured cucurbitacin D (CuD) induces apoptosis in ATL cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling inhibitors on CuD-induced cell death in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) isolated from ATL/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and two human leukemia cell lines (MT-1 and MT-4). PBLs were isolated from an ATL/ALL patient as well as from a healthy donor. Cell surface markers were examined using flow cytometry. Serum cytokine levels were estimated using LEGENDplex or analyzed at the Center for Clinical and Translational Research of Kyushu University Hospital. Cell proliferation was assessed using the Cell Titer-Glo luminescent cell viability assay. Protein expression was determined by western blotting. PBLs from patients highly expressed CD4 and CD5. Serum from the patient contained high levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IL-18, and interferon-γ compared to the healthy donor. CuD-induced cell death was enhanced by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibitor U0126. However, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor prevented CuD-induced cell death. Immunoblot analyses revealed that CuD reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and JNK, and co-treatment with CuD and U0126 did not affect the phosphorylation of ERK. MEK1/2 and p38 inhibitors enhanced CuD-induced cell death, and U0126 enhanced the CuD-induced de-phosphorylation of ERK in MT-1 and MT-4 cells. We conclude that CuD reduces ERK activation, resulting in enhanced antitumor effects on leukemic cells.
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Sari G, Okat Z, Sahin A, Karademir B. Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy and their Relation to Redox Regulation. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5252-5267. [PMID: 30706779 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190201120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is important for the maintenance of cell survival. Under physiological conditions, redox system works in a balance and involves activation of many signaling molecules. Regulation of redox balance via signaling molecules is achieved by different pathways and proteasomal system is a key pathway in this process. Importance of proteasomal system on signaling pathways has been investigated for many years. In this direction, many proteasome targeting molecules have been developed. Some of them are already in the clinic for cancer treatment and some are still under investigation to highlight underlying mechanisms. Although there are many studies done, molecular mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors and related signaling pathways need more detailed explanations. This review aims to discuss redox status and proteasomal system related signaling pathways. In addition, cancer therapies targeting proteasomal system and their effects on redox-related pathways have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulce Sari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Okan University, 34959, Tuzla, I stanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Okat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Karademir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine / Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Im YN, Lee YD, Park JS, Kim HK, Im SY, Song HR, Lee HK, Han MK. GPCR Kinase (GRK)-2 Is a Key Negative Regulator of Itch: l-Glutamine Attenuates Itch via a Rapid Induction of GRK2 in an ERK-Dependent Way. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [PMID: 29530536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many itch mediators activate GPCR and trigger itch via activation of GPCR-mediated signaling pathways. GPCRs are desensitized by GPCR kinases (GRKs). The aim of this study is to explore the role of GRKs in itch response and the link between GRKs and glutamine, an amino acid previously shown to be an itch reliever. Itch responses were evoked by histamine, chloroquine, and dinitrochlorobenzene-induced contact dermatitis (CD). Phosphorylation and protein expression were detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting. GRK2 knockdown using small interfering RNA enhanced itch responses evoked by histamine, chloroquine, and dinitrochlorobenzene-induced CD, whereas GRK2 overexpression using GRK2-expressing adenovirus reduced the itch responses. Glutamine reduced all itch evoked by histamine, chloroquine, and dinitrochlorobenzene-induced CD. Glutamine-mediated inhibition of itch was abolished by GRK2 knockdown. Glutamine application resulted in a rapid and strong expression of GRK2 in not only dinitrochlorobenzene-induced CD (within 10 minutes) but also cultured rat dorsal root ganglion cells, F11 (within 1 minute). ERK inhibitor abrogates glutamine-mediated GRK2 expression and inhibition of itch in dinitrochlorobenzene-induced CD. Our data indicate that GRK2 is a key negative regulator of itch and that glutamine attenuates itch via a rapid induction of GRK2 in an ERK-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Im
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Dong Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Park
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhn-Young Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Ryung Song
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hern-Ku Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong SY, Im YN, Youm JY, Lee HK, Im SY. l-Glutamine Attenuates DSS-Induced Colitis via Induction of MAPK Phosphatase-1. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030288. [PMID: 29494494 PMCID: PMC5872706 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the small intestine and colon. Many investigators have reported that l-glutamine (Gln) therapy improves outcomes of experimental colitis models, although the mechanism is not fully understood. Regarding the anti-inflammatory properties of Gln, we have shown that Gln can effectively deactivate cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) by rapid induction of MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1. In this study, we explore the possibility that Gln ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via MKP-1 induction, resulting in inhibition of cPLA2, which has been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Oral Gln intake attenuated DSS-induced colitis. Gln inhibited cPLA2 phosphorylation, as well as colonic levels of TNF-α and leukotriene (LT)B4. Gln administration resulted in early and enhanced MKP-1 induction. Importantly, MKP-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), but not control siRNA, significantly abrogated the Gln-mediated (1) induction of MKP-1; (2) attenuation of colitis (colon length, histological abnormality, and inflammation; and (3) inhibition of cPLA2 phosphorylation and colonic levels of TNF-α and LTB4. These data indicated that Gln ameliorated DSS-induced colitis via MKP-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Yoo Na Im
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea.
| | - Ji Young Youm
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hern-Ku Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Korea.
| | - Suhn-Young Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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Pang ST, Lin FW, Chuang CK, Yang HW. Co-Delivery of Docetaxel and p44/42 MAPK siRNA Using PSMA Antibody-Conjugated BSA-PEI Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer Target Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- See-Tong Pang
- Division of Urology; Department of Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou; 5 Fuxing St. Guishan Dist. Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan
- School of Medicine; Chang Gung University; 259 Wenhua 1st Rd. Guishan Dist. Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
| | - Feng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology; National Sun Yat-sen University; 70 Lienhai Rd. Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Keng Chuang
- Division of Urology; Department of Surgery; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou; 5 Fuxing St. Guishan Dist. Taoyuan 33305 Taiwan
- School of Medicine; Chang Gung University; 259 Wenhua 1st Rd. Guishan Dist. Taoyuan 33302 Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology; National Sun Yat-sen University; 70 Lienhai Rd. Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan
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Kim HK, Song CH, Bae YS, Im SY, Lee HK. Glutamine Prevents Late-Phase Anaphylaxis via MAPK Phosphatase 1-Dependent Cytosolic Phospholipase A 2 Deactivation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 171:61-70. [DOI: 10.1159/000452103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ayush O, Jin ZW, Kim HK, Shin YR, Im SY, Lee HK. Glutamine up-regulates MAPK phosphatase-1 induction via activation of Ca 2+→ ERK cascade pathway. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:10-19. [PMID: 28955885 PMCID: PMC5613282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-essential amino acid L-glutamine (Gln) displays potent anti-inflammatory activity by deactivating p38 mitogen activating protein kinase and cytosolic phospholipase A2 via induction of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent way. In this study, the mechanism of Gln-mediated ERK-dependency in MKP-1 induction was investigated. Gln increased ERK phosphorylation and activity, and phosphorylations of Ras, c-Raf, and MEK, located in the upstream pathway of ERK, in response to lipopolysaccharidein vitro and in vivo. Gln-induced dose-dependent transient increases in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in MHS macrophage cells. Ionomycin increased [Ca2+]i and activation of Ras → ERK pathway, and MKP-1 induction, in the presence, but not in the absence, of LPS. The Gln-induced pathways involving Ca2+→ MKP-1 induction were abrogated by a calcium blocker. Besides Gln, other amino acids including L-phenylalanine and l-cysteine (Cys) also induced Ca2+ response, activation of Ras → ERK, and MKP-1 induction, albeit to a lesser degree. Gln and Cys were comparable in suppression against 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced contact dermatitis. Gln-mediated, but not Cys-mediated, suppression was abolished by MKP-1 small interfering RNA. These data indicate that Gln induces MKP-1 by activating Ca2+→ ERK pathway, which plays a key role in suppression of inflammatory reactions.
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Key Words
- AP-1, activating protein 1
- Ala, alanine
- Asp, aspartate
- BAPTA, 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethylester
- CD, contact dermatitis
- CaM, calmodulin
- CaR, Ca2+-sensing receptor
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DNFB, 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- ESR, ear swelling response
- Gln, L-glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- Gly, glycine
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- L-Glutamine
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- MAPK Phosphatase-1
- MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase
- MKP-1, MAPK phosphatase-1
- Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- PEI, polyethyleneimine
- Ras/c-Raf/MEK/ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
- [Ca2+]i, intracellular calcium concentration
- cPLA2, cytoplasmic phospholipase A2
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Otgonzaya Ayush
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Zhe Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, YanJi City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hae-Kyoung Kim
- Departments of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Rim Shin
- Biofoods Story, Inc, 477 Jeonjucheon-seoro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 560-821, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhn-Young Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hern-Ku Lee
- Departments of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Qu FL, Xia B, Li SX, Tian C, Yang HL, Li Q, Wang YF, Yu Y, Zhang YZ. Synergistic suppression of the PI3K inhibitor CAL-101 with bortezomib on mantle cell lymphoma growth. Cancer Biol Med 2016; 12:401-8. [PMID: 26779377 PMCID: PMC4706520 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of CAL-101, particularly when combined with bortezomib (BTZ) on mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells, and to explore its relative mechanisms. Methods MTT assay was applied to detect the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of CAL-101. MCL cells were divided into four groups: control group, CAL-101 group, BTZ group, and CAL-101/BTZ group. The expression of PI3K-p110σ, AKT, ERK, p-AKT and p-ERK were detected by Western blot. The apoptosis rates of CAL-101 group, BTZ group, and combination group were detected by flow cytometry. The location changes of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) of 4 groups was investigated by NF-κB Kit exploring. Western blot was applied to detect the levels of caspase-3 and the phosphorylation of AKT in different groups. Results CAL-101 dose- and time-dependently induced reduction in MCL cell viability. CAL-101 combined with BTZ enhanced the reduction in cell viability and apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that CAL-101 significantly blocked the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathway in MCL cells. The combination therapy contributed to the inactivation of NF-κB and AKT in MCL cell lines. However, cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated after combined treatment. Conclusion Our study showed that PI3K/p110σ is a novel therapeutic target in MCL, and the underlying mechanism could be the blocking of the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. These findings provided a basis for clinical evaluation of CAL-101 and a rationale for its application in combination therapy, particularly with BTZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lian Qu
- 1 Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China ; 3 Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bing Xia
- 1 Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China ; 3 Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Su-Xia Li
- 1 Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China ; 3 Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chen Tian
- 1 Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China ; 3 Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hong-Liang Yang
- 1 Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China ; 3 Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qian Li
- 1 Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China ; 3 Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ya-Fei Wang
- 1 Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China ; 3 Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yong Yu
- 1 Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China ; 3 Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Zhang
- 1 Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China ; 3 Department of Geriatric Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Lee CH, Kim HK, Jeong JS, Lee YD, Jin ZW, Im SY, Lee HK. Mechanism of glutamine inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cPLA2 ): Evidence of physical interaction between glutamine-Induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and cPLA2. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 180:571-80. [PMID: 25599677 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-essential amino acid L-glutamine (Gln) possesses anti-inflammatory activity via deactivating cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ). We showed previously that Gln deactivated cPLA2 indirectly via dephosphorylating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), the major kinase for cPLA2 phosphorylation, through inducing MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). In this study, we investigated the precise mechanism underlying Gln deactivation of cPLA2 . In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, Gln injection resulted in dephosphorylation of phosphorylated cPLA2 (p-cPLA2 ), which coincided with rapid Gln induction of MKP-1. MKP-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated the ability of Gln to induce MKP-1 as well as the dephosphorylation of cPLA2 . Co-immunoprecipitation and in-situ proximity ligation assay revealed a physical interaction between MKP-1 and p-cPLA2 . In a murine model of allergic asthma, we also demonstrated the physical interaction between MKP-1 and p-cPLA2 . Furthermore, Gln suppressed various allergic asthma phenotypes, such as neutrophil and eosinophil recruitments into the airway, airway levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13], airway hyperresponsiveness, mucin production and metabolites (leukotriene B4 and platelet-activating factor) through inhibiting cPLA2 in a MKP-1-dependent manner. These data suggest that MKP-1 uses cPLA2 , in addition to p38, as a substrate, which further potentiates the anti-inflammatory action of Gln.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - H-K Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - J-S Jeong
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Y-D Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Z Wu Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Yanbian University Medical College, YanJi City, China
| | - S-Y Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H-K Lee
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Medical Science, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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Roche PL, Filomeno KL, Bagchi RA, Czubryt MP. Intracellular Signaling of Cardiac Fibroblasts. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:721-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zheng P, Guo H, Li G, Han S, Luo F, Liu Y. PSMB4 promotes multiple myeloma cell growth by activating NF-κB-miR-21 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:328-33. [PMID: 25656574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Proteasomal subunit PSMB4, was recently identified as potential cancer driver genes in several tumors. However, the regulatory mechanism of PSMB4 on carcinogenesis process remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and roles of PSMB4 in multiple myeloma (MM). We found a significant up-regulation of PSMB4 in MM plasma and cell lines. Ectopic overexpression of PSMB4 promoted cell growth and colony forming ability of MM cells, whereas inhibition of PSMB4 led to a decrease of such events. Furthermore, our results demonstrated the up-regulation of miR-21 and a positive correlation between the levels of miR-21 and PSMB4 in MM. Re-expression of miR-21 markedly rescued PSMB4 knockdown-mediated suppression of cell proliferation and clone-formation. Additionally, while enforced expression of PSMB4 profoundly increased NF-κB activity and the level of miR-21, PSMB4 knockdown or NF-κB inhibition suppressed miR-21 expression in MM cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PSMB4 regulated MM cell growth in part by activating NF-κB-miR-21 signaling, which may represent promising targets for novel specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Honggang Guo
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Guangchao Li
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Siqi Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China.
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14
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Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of novel triazole linked N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives as inhibitors of cell survival proteins and inducers of apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:654-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Mairinger FD, Walter RFH, Theegarten D, Hager T, Vollbrecht C, Christoph DC, Worm K, Ting S, Werner R, Stamatis G, Mairinger T, Baba H, Zarogoulidis K, Huang H, Li Q, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis P, Schmid KW, Wohlschlaeger J. Gene Expression Analysis of the 26S Proteasome Subunit PSMB4 Reveals Significant Upregulation, Different Expression and Association with Proliferation in Human Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumours. J Cancer 2014; 5:646-54. [PMID: 25157275 PMCID: PMC4142326 DOI: 10.7150/jca.9955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proteasomal subunit PSMB4 was suggested to be a survival gene in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma and in glioblastoma cell lines. In pulmonary adenocarcinoma, a high expression of these genes was found to be associated with poor differentiation and survival. This study investigates the gene expression levels of 26S proteasome subunits in human pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours including typical (TC) and atypical (AC) carcinoid tumours as well as small cell (SCLC) and large cell (LCNEC) neuroendocrine carcinomas. Material and methods: Gene expression levels of proteasomal subunits (PSMA1, PSMA5, PSMB4, PSMB5 and PSMD1) were investigated in 80 neuroendocrine pulmonary tumours (each 20 TC, AC, LCNLC and SCLC) and compared to controls. mRNA levels were determined by using TaqMan assays. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA) was performed to determine the expression of ki67, cleaved caspase 3 and PSMB4. Results: All proteasomal subunit gene expressions were significantly upregulated in TC, AC, SCLC and LCNEC compared to controls. PSMB4 mRNA is differently expressed between all neuroendocrine tumour subtypes demonstrating the highest expression and greatest range in LCNEC (p=0.043), and is significantly associated with proliferative activity (p=0.039). Conclusion: In line with other 26S proteasomal subunits PSMB4 is significantly increased, but differently expressed between pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours and is associated with the proliferative activity. Unlike in pulmonary adenocarcinomas, no association with biological behaviour was observed, suggesting that increased proteasomal subunit gene expression is a common and probably early event in the tumorigenesis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours regardless of their differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Fred Henry Walter
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany. ; 2. Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Theegarten
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Claudia Vollbrecht
- 3. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Karl Worm
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Robert Werner
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Georgios Stamatis
- 5. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Centre, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mairinger
- 6. Department of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hideo Baba
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Zarogoulidis
- 7. Pulmonary-Oncology, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haidong Huang
- 8. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, China
| | - Qiang Li
- 8. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, China
| | - Kosmas Tsakiridis
- 9. Thoracic Surgery Department, ``Saint Luke`` Private Clinic, Thessaloniki, Panorama, Greece
| | - Paul Zarogoulidis
- 7. Pulmonary-Oncology, ``G. Papanikolaou`` General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Jeremias Wohlschlaeger
- 1. Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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16
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Shaiken TE, Opekun AR. Dissecting the cell to nucleus, perinucleus and cytosol. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4923. [PMID: 24815916 PMCID: PMC4017230 DOI: 10.1038/srep04923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have been described under the microscope as organelles containing cytoplasm and the nucleus. However, an unnoted structure exists between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic cells. In addition to the nuclear envelope, there exists a perinuclear region (PNR or perinucleus) with unknown composition and function. Until now, an investigation of the role of the perinucleus has been restricted by the absence of a PNR isolation method. This manuscript describes a perinucleus isolation technique on the basis of its unique compact organization. The perinucleus was found to contain approximately 15 to 18% of the total proteins of the mammalian cell, almost half of the proteins of nuclei. Using four different normal and cancer cell lines, it was shown that the composition of PNR is highly dynamic. Application of the method showed that translocation of the p53 tumor-suppressor protein to the perinucleus in immortalized MEF cells is correlated with the translocation of p53-stabilizing protein, nucleophosmin (B23), to the PNR. Herein, the concept of the perinuclear region is advanced as a formal, identifiable structure. The roles of the perinucleus in maintaining genome integrity, regulation of gene expression and understanding of malignant transformation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tattym E Shaiken
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antone R Opekun
- Departments of Medicine & Pediatrics G.I. & S.A.H.S. Baylor College of Medicine-McNair Faculty Center A10.019 One Baylor Plaza (GI Medicine MS901), Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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17
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Pramod S, Shivakumar K. Mechanisms in cardiac fibroblast growth: an obligate role for Skp2 and FOXO3a in ERK1/2 MAPK-dependent regulation of p27kip1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H844-55. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00933.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblast hyperplasia associated with enhanced matrix deposition is a major determinant of tissue remodeling in several disease states of the heart. However, mechanisms controlling cell cycle progression in cardiac fibroblasts remain unexplored. Identification of cell cycle regulatory elements in these cells is important to develop strategies to check adverse cardiac remodeling under pathological conditions. This study sought to probe the mechanisms underlying ERK1/2-mediated p27Kip1 regulation in mitogenically stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Addition of 10% fetal calf serum to quiescent cultures of adult rat cardiac fibroblasts promoted ERK1/2 activation, as evidenced by its phosphorylation status. Reduction in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA increased population doubling time, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis showing reduced levels of cyclins D and A, p27Kip1 induction, and retinoblastoma protein (Rb) hypophosphorylation in ERK1/2-inhibited cells indicated ERK1/2 dependence of G1-S transition in cardiac fibroblasts. Lack of p27Kip1 protein in serum-stimulated, ERK1/2-active cells was associated with increased levels of Skp2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase for p27Kip1, whose knockdown by RNA interference induced p27Kip1 expression. Further, forced expression of Skp2 in ERK1/2-inhibited cells downregulated p27Kip1. Transcriptional upregulation of p27Kip1 mRNA in ERK1/2-inhibited cells, demonstrated by real-time PCR, correlated with forkhead box O 3a (FOXO3a) transcription factor activation, shown by gel shift assay. FOXO3a knockdown attenuated p27Kip1 mRNA and protein expression in ERK1/2-inhibited cells. We provide evidence for the first time that, in cardiac fibroblasts, activated ERK1/2 regulates p27Kip1 expression transcriptionally and posttranslationally via FOXO3a- and Skp2-dependent mechanisms. Additionally, this study uncovers interesting interactions between critical cell cycle regulatory elements that are only beginning to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pramod
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
| | - K. Shivakumar
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India
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18
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Synergistic effects of proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in imatinib-sensitive and -resistant chronic myeloid leukemia models. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e90. [PMID: 24590311 PMCID: PMC3940921 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib has transformed the treatment and outlook of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); however, the development of drug resistance and the persistence of TKI-resistant stem cells remain obstacles to eradicating the disease. Inhibition of proteasome activity with bortezomib has been shown to effectively induce apoptosis in TKI-resistant cells. In this study, we show that exposure to the next generation proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib is associated with a decrease in ERK signaling and increased expression of Abelson interactor proteins 1 and 2 (ABI-1/2). We also investigate the effect of carfilzomib in models of imatinib-sensitive and -resistant CML and demonstrate a potent reduction in proliferation and induction of apoptosis in a variety of models of imatinib-resistant CML, including primitive CML stem cells. Carfilzomib acts synergistically with the TKIs imatinib and nilotinib, even in imatinib-resistant cell lines. In addition, we found that the presence of immunoproteasome subunits is associated with an increased sensitivity to carfilzomib. The present findings provide a rational basis to examine the potential of carfilzomib in combination with TKIs as a potential therapy for CML, particularly in imatinib-resistant disease.
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19
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Abstract
The ubiquitin-mediated degradation of proteins in numerous cellular processes, such as turnover and quality control of proteins, cell cycle and apoptosis, transcription and cell signaling, immune response and antigen presentation, and inflammation and development makes the ubiquitin-proteosome systems a very interesting target for various therapeutic interventions. Proteosome inhibitors were first synthesized as tools to probe the function and specificity of this particle's proteolytic activities. Most synthetic inhibitors rely on a peptide base, which mimics a protein substrate, attached at a COOH terminal "warhead." Notable warheads include boronic acids, such as bortezomib and epoxy ketones, such as carfilzomib. A variety of natural products also inhibit the proteosome that are not peptide-based, most notably lactacystin, that is related to NPI-0052, or salinosporamide A, another inhibitor in clinical trials. The possibility that proteosome inhibitors could be drug candidates was considered after studies showed that they induced apoptosis in leukemic cell lines. The first proteasome inhibitor in clinical application, bortezomib showed activity in non-small-cell lung and androgen-independent prostate carcinoma, as well as MM and mantle cell and follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is now licensed for the treatment of newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/progressive MM and has had a major impact on the improvement in the treatment of MM in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Straße 2, 97080, Wurzburg, Germany,
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20
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Meng Z, Cao H, Zhu G, Liu T, Wang X. Knockdown of TRPM8 suppresses cancer malignancy and enhances epirubicin-induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 10:90-102. [PMID: 24391455 PMCID: PMC3879595 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As the function of transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 (TRPM8) in osteosarcoma is still unknown, we aim to investigate the possible effects and potential mechanisms of TRPM8 on cell proliferation, metastasis and chemosensitivity in osteosarcoma cells. We find that TRPM8 is aberrantly over-expressed in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of TRPM8 by siRNA in osteosarcoma cells leads to the impaired regulation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and then the Akt-GSK-3β pathway and the phosphorylation of p44/p42 and FAK are suppressed. Knockdown of TRPM8 not only negatively influences the cell proliferation and metastasis but also enhances epirubicin-induced cell apoptosis. Such results reveal that TRPM8 is worthy further investigation for its potential as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430071
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430071
| | - Zhe Meng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430071
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430071
| | - Guangbin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430071
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430071
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, 430071
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21
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Mohty M, Malard F, Mohty B, Savani B, Moreau P, Terpos E. The effects of bortezomib on bone disease in patients with multiple myeloma. Cancer 2013; 120:618-23. [PMID: 24249482 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bortezomib has demonstrated substantial activity in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma and is widely incorporated into treatment strategies across the different settings. It is interesting to note that data are accumulating to suggest that the activity of bortezomib extends beyond the tumor cell and microenvironment to encompass effects on bone metabolism. Indeed, data from both the preclinical and clinical settings have suggested that bortezomib directly stimulates osteoblast growth and differentiation, while also inhibiting osteoclast development and activity. Notably, in the clinical setting, the bone anabolic effects of bortezomib could be demonstrated by the healing of lytic lesions as noted in some patients. These results are of importance because bone disease is a hallmark of myeloma and therefore any agent that combines antimyeloma activity with positive effects on bone is of substantial interest. However, further studies are needed to establish how the agent should be used for the treatment of patients with bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Mohty
- Hematology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France; INSERM (National Institute of Health and Medical Research) 938, Paris, France; Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
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22
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Mohty M, Brissot E, Savani BN, Gaugler B. Effects of Bortezomib on the Immune System: A Focus on Immune Regulation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:1416-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Gil-Araujo B, Toledo Lobo MV, Gutiérrez-Salmerón M, Gutiérrez-Pitalúa J, Ropero S, Angulo JC, Chiloeches A, Lasa M. Dual specificity phosphatase 1 expression inversely correlates with NF-κB activity and expression in prostate cancer and promotes apoptosis through a p38 MAPK dependent mechanism. Mol Oncol 2013; 8:27-38. [PMID: 24080497 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) and the transcription factor NF-κB are implicated in prostate cancer since their expression levels are altered along this disease, although there are no evidences up to date demonstrating a crosstalk between them. In this report, we show for the first time that DUSP1 over-expression in DU145 cells promotes apoptosis and decreases NF-κB activity by blocking p65/NF-κB nuclear translocation. Moreover, although DUSP1 impairs TNF-α-induced p38 MAPK and JNK activation, only the specific inhibition of p38 MAPK exerts the same effects than DUSP1 over-expression on both apoptosis and NF-κB activity. Consistently, DUSP1 promotes apoptosis and decreases NF-κB activity in cells in which p38 MAPK is induced by TNF-α treatment. These results demonstrate that p38 MAPK is specifically involved in DUSP1-mediated effects on both apoptosis and NF-κB activity. Interestingly, we show an inverse correlation between DUSP1 expression and activation of both p65/NF-κB and p38 MAPK in human prostate tissue specimens. Thus, most of apparently normal glands, benign prostatic hyperplasia and low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia samples show high DUSP1 expression and low levels of both nuclear p65/NF-κB and activated p38 MAPK. By contrast, DUSP1 expression levels are low or even absent in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic adenocarcinoma samples, whereas nuclear p65/NF-κB and activated p38 MAPK are highly expressed in the same samples. Overall, our results provide evidence for a role of DUSP1 in the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells, through a mechanism involving the inhibition of p38 MAPK and NF-κB. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the ratio between DUSP1 and p65/NF-κB expression levels, rather than the individual expression of both molecules, is a better marker for diagnostic purposes in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gil-Araujo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Val Toledo Lobo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; IRYCIS, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gutiérrez-Salmerón
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Gutiérrez-Pitalúa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ropero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier C Angulo
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Chiloeches
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Lasa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Lee M, Young Kim S, Kim J, Kim HS, Kim SM, Kim EJ. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 inhibition and sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in camptothecin-induced human colon cancer cell death. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:1007-15. [PMID: 24005240 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecins are commonly used chemotherapeutics; in some models, they enhance signaling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway through effects on upstream kinases. To evaluate the impact of camptothecin (CPT) on MAPKs in human colon cancer, we studied HCT116 and CaCo2 colon cancer cells. We found that HCT116 cells highly express mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP1), which selectively inactivates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas MKP1 levels were undetectable in CaCo2 cells. CPT did not affect ERK activity in CaCo2 cells, but did induce a striking increase in ERK activity in HCT116 cells in association with a corresponding decrease in MKP1. The reduction in MKP1 expression occurred at a posttranscriptional level and was blocked by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, whereas that CPT-induced downregulation of MKP1 was not due to proteasome-mediated degradation. Treatment of HCT116 cells with CPT induced a sustained activation of nuclear ERK, which was required for CPT-induced apoptosis. P38 and JNK activity were unaffected by CPT, suggesting that the effects of CPT are mediated specifically by ERK. These results suggest that targeting dual-specificity MAPK phosphatases in colon cancer cells may be a viable strategy for optimizing camptothecin-based therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Lee
- Division of Radiation Effect; Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences; Seoul, Korea
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25
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Xuejiao S, Yong X, Ningyu W, Lidan Z, Xuanhong S, Youzhi X, Tinghong Y, Yaojie S, Yongxia Z, Luoting Y. A novel benzothiazole derivative YLT322 induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in vitro with anti-tumor activity in solid malignancies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63900. [PMID: 23737957 PMCID: PMC3667852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzothiazole derivatives are known for various biological activities, and their potency in cancer therapy has received considerable attention in recent years. YLT322, a novel synthesized benzothiazole derivative, exhibits potent anti-tumor activity via inducing apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that YLT322 showed growth inhibition against a broad spectrum of human cancer cells and induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The occurrence of its apoptosis was associated with activation of caspases-3 and -9, but not caspase-8. YLT322 increased the expression of Bax, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and induced the release of cytochrome c which activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The down-regulation of phosphorylated p42/44 MAPK and phosphorylated Akt was also observed. Moreover, YLT322 suppressed the growth of established tumors in xenograft models in mice without obvious side effects. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed an increase in TUNEL and caspase-3-positive cells and a decrease in Ki67-positive cells upon YLT322. These results suggest that YLT322 may be a potential candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xuejiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Ningyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Lidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Xuanhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Youzhi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Tinghong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Yaojie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Yongxia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Luoting
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Spicer JA. New small-molecule inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:801-17. [PMID: 23496222 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.7.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway is associated with the formation, progression and survival of tumours and has also been implicated in a diverse range of therapeutic areas such as arthritis, organ transplant rejection, asthma and developmental disorders. One approach to down regulation of this pathway is through the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2). OBJECTIVE The importance of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, MEK1/2 as a therapeutic target and early MEK1/2 inhibitors is discussed, followed by an overview of recent patent activity in the area. METHODS The patent literature was searched for inhibitors of MEK1/2 published within the last three years; these results are described. Other relevant publications that provide further insight into the discovery and development of these compounds are also discussed. CONCLUSION The determination of a crystal structure with inhibitor bound has allowed the design of exquisitely selective and potent inhibitors of MEK1/2. Several allosteric inhibitors have advanced to clinical trial and shown some efficacy in cancer as single agents, but the future application of MEK1/2 inhibitors is likely to be either in combination with other therapies or in disorders which are genetically defined as being dependent on the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Spicer
- University of Auckland, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand +64 9 3737599, ext. 86149 ; +64 9 3737502 ;
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Dasmahapatra G, Patel H, Dent P, Fisher RI, Friedberg J, Grant S. The Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor PCI-32765 synergistically increases proteasome inhibitor activity in diffuse large-B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells sensitive or resistant to bortezomib. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:43-56. [PMID: 23360303 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor PCI-32765 and the proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib) were examined in diffuse large-B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells, including those highly resistant to bortezomib. Co-administration of PCI-32765/bortezomib synergistically increased mitochondrial injury and apoptosis in germinal centre- or activated B-cell-like-DLBCL cells and in MCL cells. These events were accompanied by marked AKT and nuclear factor (NF)-κB (NFKB1) inactivation, down-regulation of Mcl-1 (MCL1), Bcl-xL (BCL2L1), and XIAP, and enhanced DNA damage (e.g., γH2A.X formation) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Similar interactions were observed in highly bortezomib-resistant DLBCL and MCL cells, and in primary DLBCL cells. In contrast, PCI-32765/bortezomib regimens displayed minimal toxicity toward normal CD34(+) bone marrow cells. Transfection of DLBCL cells with a constitutively active AKT construct attenuated AKT inactivation and significantly diminished cell death, whereas expression of an NF-κB "super-repressor" (IκBαser34/36 ) increased both PCI-32765 and bortezomib lethality. Moreover, cells in which the ER stress response was disabled by a dominant-negative eIF2α construct were resistant to this regimen. Finally, combined exposure to PCI-32765 and bortezomib resulted in more pronounced and sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and ROS scavengers significantly diminished lethality. Given promising early clinical results for PCI-32765 in DLBCL and MCL, a strategy combining BTK/proteasome inhibitor warrants attention in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Dasmahapatra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Rastogi N, Mishra DP. Therapeutic targeting of cancer cell cycle using proteasome inhibitors. Cell Div 2012; 7:26. [PMID: 23268747 PMCID: PMC3584802 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-7-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasomes are multicatalytic protease complexes in the cell, involved in the non-lysosomal recycling of intra-cellular proteins. Proteasomes play a critical role in regulation of cell division in both normal as well as cancer cells. In cancer cells this homeostatic function is deregulated leading to the hyperactivation of the proteasomes. Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are a class of compounds, which either reversibly or irreversibly block the activity of proteasomes and induce cancer cell death. Interference of PIs with the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) involved in protein turnover in the cell leads to the accumulation of proteins engaged in cell cycle progression, which ultimately put a halt to cancer cell division and induce apoptosis. Upregulation of many tumor suppressor proteins involved in cell cycle arrest are known to play a role in PI induced cell cycle arrest in a variety of cancer cells. Although many PIs target the proteasomes, not all of them are effective in cancer therapy. Some cancers develop resistance against proteasome inhibition by possibly activating compensatory signaling pathways. However, the details of the activation of these pathways and their contribution to resistance to PI therapy remain obscure. Delineation of these pathways may help in checking resistance against PIs and deducing effective combinational approaches for improved treatment strategies. This review will discuss some of the signaling pathways related to proteasome inhibition and cell division that may help explain the basis of resistance of some cancers to proteasome inhibitors and underline the need for usage of PIs in combination with traditional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Rastogi
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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Glutamine suppresses DNFB-induced contact dermatitis by deactivating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase via induction of MAPK phosphatase-1. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:723-731. [PMID: 23076500 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
L-glutamine (Gln) is a nonessential amino acid that is the most abundant amino acid in plasma. Gln has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory activity that involves deactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in a MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1-dependent manner. This study investigated the role of Gln in the inhibition of DNFB-induced allergic contact dermatitis (CD) in the ears of mice, and specifically the involvement of Gln in p38 MAPK inhibition. Topical application of Gln or the p38 inhibitor, SB202190, suppressed DNFB-induced CD. Gln application inhibited DNFB-induced p38 phosphorylation. Western blot analysis revealed that Gln application resulted in early phosphorylation and protein induction of MKP-1. MKP-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), but not control siRNA, abrogated Gln-mediated early phosphorylation, protein induction of MKP-1, deactivation of p38, and Gln-mediated suppression of CD. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor, U0126, blocked Gln-induced MKP-1 phosphorylation and protein induction, as well as Gln suppression of CD. These results suggest that Gln suppresses DNFB-induced CD via deactivation of p38 MAPK through the early induction of MKP-1, the negative regulator of p38, in an ERK-dependent manner.
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Comalada M, Lloberas J, Celada A. MKP-1: A critical phosphatase in the biology of macrophages controlling the switch between proliferation and activation. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1938-48. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Comalada
- Macrophage Biology Group; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona); Barcelona; Spain
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Sun JY, Tseng H, Xu L, Hunter Z, Ciccarelli B, Fulciniti M, Zhu B, Maghsoudi K, Yang G, Gong P, Zhou Y, Liu X, Munshi NC, Patterson CJ, Treon SP. Vorinostat induced cellular stress disrupts the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase pathways leading to apoptosis in Waldenström macroglobulinemia cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1777-86. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.577850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Jantas D, Lorenc-Koci E, Kubera M, Lason W. Neuroprotective effects of MAPK/ERK1/2 and calpain inhibitors on lactacystin-induced cell damage in primary cortical neurons. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:845-56. [PMID: 21683092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction of the proteasome system is implicated in the pathomechanism of several chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Lactacystin (LC), an irreversible proteasome inhibitor, induces cell death in primary cortical neurons, however, the molecular mechanisms of its neurotoxic action has been only partially unraveled. In this study we aimed to elucidate an involvement of the key enzymatic pathways responsible for LC-induced neuronal cell death. Incubation of primary cortical neurons with LC (0.25-50 μg/ml) evoked neuronal cell death in concentration- and time-dependent manner. Lactacystin (2.5 μg/ml; 6.6μM) enhanced caspase-3 activity, but caspase-3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO did not attenuate the LC-evoked cell damage. Western blot analysis showed a time-dependent, prolonged activation of MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway after LC exposure. Moreover, inhibitors of MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling, U0126 and PD98052 attenuated the LC-evoked cell death. We also found that LC-treatment resulted in the induction of calpains and calpain inhibitors (MDL28170 and calpeptin) protected neurons against the LC-induced cell damage. Neuroprotective action of MAPK/ERK1/2 and calpain inhibitors were connected with attenuation of LC-induced DNA fragmentation measured by Hoechst 33342 staining and TUNEL assay. However, only MAPK/ERK1/2 but not calpain inhibitors, attenuated the LC-induced AIF (apoptosis inducing factor) release. Further studies showed no synergy between neuroprotective effects of MAPK/ERK1/2 and calpain inhibitors given in combination when compared to their effects alone. The obtained data provided evidence for neuroprotective potency of MAPK/ERK1/2 and calpain, but not caspase-3 inhibition against the neurotoxic effects of LC in primary cortical neurons and give rationale for using these inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases connected with proteasome dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jantas
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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Irvin WJ, Orlowski RZ, Chiu WK, Carey LA, Collichio FA, Bernard PS, Stijleman IJ, Perou C, Ivanova A, Dees EC. Phase II study of bortezomib and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2011; 10:465-70. [PMID: 21147690 DOI: 10.3816/cbc.2010.n.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on preclinical studies and a phase I trial of the combination of bortezomib and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), which both showed activity in breast cancer, we conducted a phase II study of this regimen in patients with metastatic breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of an every-21-day cycle, along with PLD 30 mg/m2 on day 4. The primary objective was to evaluate the response rate of this combination, while secondary objectives were to obtain further safety data about this combination, to evaluate the time to disease progression (TTP), and to evaluate response by the breast cancer subtype. RESULTS One of 12 evaluable patients had a partial response (8%), while 3 (25%) had stable disease. At 26 months follow-up, the median overall survival was 4.3 months (95% CI, 1.2-26.2) and the median TTP was 1.3 months (95% CI, 0.8-14.0 months). The combination was well tolerated, with the most common events including low-grade nausea and vomiting, neutropenia, and neuropathy, and no cardiac toxicity was seen. Of the 7 tumors subtyped, no association was seen between intrinsic subtype or receptor status and response. CONCLUSION The combination of PLD and bortezomib was well tolerated but has minimal activity in heavily pretreated unselected metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Irvin
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Baldisserotto A, Ferretti V, Destro F, Franceschini C, Marastoni M, Gavioli R, Tomatis R. Alpha,beta-unsaturated N-acylpyrrole peptidyl derivatives: new proteasome inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6511-5. [PMID: 20687609 DOI: 10.1021/jm100122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Because of the encouraging results obtained using vinyl ester derivatives, we synthesized and tested a novel series of peptide-based proteasome inhibitors bearing a new pharmacophore unit at the C-terminal. N-Acylpyrrole moiety is a potential substrate for Michael addition by catalytic threonine. Several analogues have demonstrated a selective inhibition of the multicatalytic complex beta1 subunits, the capacity to permeate cellular membrane, and good pharmacokinetics properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Buzzi N, Boland R, Russo de Boland A. Signal transduction pathways associated with ATP-induced proliferation of colon adenocarcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:946-55. [PMID: 20562007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous work, we have demonstrated that extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) acts on intestinal Caco-2 cell P2Y receptors promoting a rapid increase in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p46 JNK and p38 MAP kinases (MAPKs). METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated whether the extracellular ATP-P2Y receptor signalling pathways were required for the proliferation of Caco-2 cells. Confocal microscopy and immunobloting studies showed that ERK1/2 and JNK translocate into the nucleus of the cells stimulated by ATP, where they participate, together with p38 MAPK, in the phosphorylation of JunD, ATF-1 and ATF-2 transcription factors. In addition, ATP through the activation of MAPKs induces the expression of the immediate early genes products of the Jun family, c-Fos and MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). Moreover, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK are involved in the phosphorylation of MKP-1 in Caco-2 cells. Of physiological significance, in agreement with the mitogenic role of the MAPK cascade, ATP increased Caco-2 cell proliferation, and this effect was blocked by UO126, SB203580 and SP600125, the specific inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK1/2, respectively. CONCLUSION Extracellular ATP induces proliferation of Caco-2 human colonic cancer cells by activating MAPK cascades and modulation of transcription factors. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings and identification of the specific P2Y subtype receptors involved in the mitogenic effect of ATP on Caco-2 cells might be relevant for understanding tumor cell development, resistance to treatment regimens and the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Buzzi
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Haagenson KK, Wu GS. The role of MAP kinases and MAP kinase phosphatase-1 in resistance to breast cancer treatment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:143-9. [PMID: 20111893 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance is an important problem often encountered during the course of breast cancer treatment. In order to design rational and efficacious therapies, the molecular mechanisms used by cells to develop resistance must be investigated. One mechanism employed by cancer cells is to alter cell signaling. This review examines the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and their endogenous negative regulators, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs), in chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer. MAPK signaling is activated in response to both growth factors and cellular stress. MKPs dephosphorylate MAPKs and are part of the dual-specificity family of phosphatases. MAPKs have been shown to be involved in resistance to tamoxifen, and MKPs have been linked to resistance to treatment with doxorubicin, mechlorethamine, paclitaxel, proteasome inhibitors, and oxidative-stress-induced cell death in breast cancer. The role of MKPs in tamoxifen resistance and the elucidation of the mechanisms involved with resistance to standard chemotherapy agents need to be investigated further. Growing evidence suggests that modulating MKP-1 activity could be a viable option to make breast cancer chemotherapy more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly K Haagenson
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Induction of MKP-1 prevents the cytotoxic effects of PI3K inhibition in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1537-44. [PMID: 20145951 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) is one of the most difficult cancers to treat. We demonstrate activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, which is a critical pathway for cell survival, in hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells. However, inhibition of PI3K has little effect on hilar cholangiocarcinoma cell survival. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells resist PI3K inhibitors. METHODS Human hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells KKU-100 were treated with PI3K inhibitors, and cell viability and apoptosis assays were performed. The expression of a MAPK phosphatase (MKP-1) that contributes to cancer cell survival in response to multiple stress stimuli was assayed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. In addition, the effects of the MKP-1 inhibitor were studied in KKU-100 cells treated with PI3K inhibitors. RESULTS Incubation of KKU-100 cells with PI3K inhibitors resulted in increased expression of MKP-1. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of MKP-1 using siRNA silencing sensitized KKU-100 cells to PI3K inhibitor-induced apoptosis via increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that concurrent inhibition of PI3K and MKP-1 induces apoptosis in KKU-100 cells. Simultaneous targeting of the PI3K pathway and MKP-1 may be a useful approach to improve therapies directed against hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
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Abstract
The ubiquitin-mediated degradation of proteins in numerous cellular processes, such as turnover and quality control of proteins, cell cycle and apoptosis, transcription and cell signaling, immune response and antigen presentation, and inflammation and development makes the ubiquitin-proteosome systems a very interesting target for various therapeutic interventions. Proteosome inhibitors were first synthesized as tools to probe the function and specificity of this particle's proteolytic activities. Most synthetic inhibitors rely on a peptide base, which mimics a protein substrate, attached at a COOH terminal "warhead". Notable warheads include boronic acids, such as Bortezomib and epoxyketones, such as carfilzomib. A variety of natural products also inhibit the proteosome that are not peptide-based, most notably lactacystin, that is related to NPI-0052, or salinosporamide A, another inhibitor in clinical trials. The possibility that proteosome inhibitors could be drug candidates was considered after studies showed that they induced apoptosis in leukemic cell lines. The first proteasome inhibitor in clinical application, Bortezomib showed activity in non small cell lung and androgen-independent prostate carcinoma, as well as MM and mantle cell and follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is now lincensed for the treatment of newly diagnosed as well as relapsed/progressive MM and has had a major impact on the improvement in the treatment of MM in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 2, Würzburg, 97080, Germany.
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Shah JJ, Orlowski RZ. Proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2009; 23:1964-79. [PMID: 19741722 PMCID: PMC4737506 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2009.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Targeting intracellular protein turnover by inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a strategy for cancer therapy is a new addition to our chemotherapeutic armamentarium, and has seen its greatest successes against multiple myeloma. The first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, was initially approved for treatment of patients in the relapsed/refractory setting as a single agent, and was recently shown to induce even greater benefits as part of rationally designed combinations that overcome chemoresistance. Modulation of proteasome function is also a rational approach to achieve chemosensitization to other antimyeloma agents, and bortezomib has now been incorporated into the front-line setting. Bortezomib-based induction regimens are able to achieve higher overall response rates and response qualities than was the case with prior standards of care, and unlike these older approaches, maintain efficacy in patients with clinically and molecularly defined high-risk disease. Second-generation proteasome inhibitors with novel properties, such as NPI-0052 and carfilzomib, are entering the clinical arena, and showing evidence of antimyeloma activity. In this spotlight review, we provide an overview of the current state of the art use of bortezomib and other proteasome inhibitors against multiple myeloma, and highlight areas for future study that will further optimize our ability to benefit patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin J. Shah
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, Houston, TX
| | - Robert Z. Orlowski
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, Houston, TX
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Casals-Casas C, Alvarez E, Serra M, de la Torre C, Farrera C, Sánchez-Tilló E, Caelles C, Lloberas J, Celada A. CREB and AP-1 activation regulates MKP-1 induction by LPS or M-CSF and their kinetics correlate with macrophage activation versus proliferation. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1902-13. [PMID: 19585511 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200839037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a protein phosphatase that plays a crucial role in innate immunity. This phosphatase inactivates ERK1/2, which are involved in two opposite functional activities of the macrophage, namely proliferation and activation. Here we found that although macrophage proliferation and activation induce MKP-1 with different kinetics, gene expression is mediated by the proximal promoter sequences localized between -380 and -180 bp. Mutagenesis experiments of the proximal element determined that CRE/AP-1 is required for LPS- or M-CSF-induced activation of the MKP-1 gene. Moreover, the results from gel shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that c-Jun and CREB bind to the CRE/AP-1 box. The distinct kinetics shown by M-CSF and LPS correlates with the induction of JNK and c-jun, as well as the requirement for Raf-1. The signal transduction pathways that activate the induction of MKP-1 correlate kinetically with induction by M-CSF and LPS.
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Wang HQ, Liu BQ, Gao YY, Meng X, Guan Y, Zhang HY, Du ZX. Inhibition of the JNK signalling pathway enhances proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis of kidney cancer cells by suppression of BAG3 expression. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1405-12. [PMID: 19681889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Proteasome inhibitors represent a novel class of anti-tumour agents that have clinical efficacy against haematological and solid cancers. The anti-apoptotic protein BAG3 is a member of the Bcl-2-associated athanogene family. We have previously shown that BAG3 is up-regulated after exposure to proteasome inhibitors and that inhibition of BAG3 sensitized cells to apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibition. However, the mechanisms by which proteasome inhibition induced BAG3 expression remained unclear and the present experiments were designed to elucidate these mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 on activation of mitogenic signalling pathways were evaluated in kidney cancer cells (A498, Caki1, Caki2), with Western blotting. Specific inhibitors against individual mitogenic signalling pathways, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate the roles of mitogenic signalling pathways in BAG3 induction after proteasome inhibition. Cell death was evaluated using Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and subsequent FACS. KEY RESULTS MG132 activated several key mitogenic signalling pathways including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities. Induction of BAG3 by MG132 was inhibited by blocking JNK, but not ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signalling pathways. In addition, SP600125 and dominant-negative JNK1 suppressed BAG3 promoter-driven reporter gene expression. Furthermore, activation of the JNK pathway induced BAG in kidney cancer cells after treatment with MG132. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results suggested that the JNK pathway was associated with the protective response against proteasome inhibition, by mediating induction of BAG3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Ko HM, Oh SH, Bang HS, Kang NI, Cho BH, Im SY, Lee HK. Glutamine Protects Mice from Lethal Endotoxic Shock via a Rapid Induction of MAPK Phosphatase-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:7957-62. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mebratu Y, Tesfaigzi Y. How ERK1/2 activation controls cell proliferation and cell death: Is subcellular localization the answer? Cell Cycle 2009; 8:1168-75. [PMID: 19282669 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.8.8147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 725] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase super family that can mediate cell proliferation and apoptosis. The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade controlling cell proliferation has been well studied but the mechanisms involved in ERK1/2-mediated cell death are largely unknown. This review focuses on recent papers that define ERK1/2 translocation to the nucleus and the proteins involved in the cytosolic retention of activated ERK1/2. Cytosolic retention of ERK1/2 denies access to the transcription factor substrates that are responsible for the mitogenic response. In addition, cytosolic ERK1/2, besides inhibiting survival and proliferative signals in the nucleus, potentiates the catalytic activity of some proapoptotic proteins such as DAP kinase in the cytoplasm. Studies that further define the function of cytosolic ERK1/2 and its cytosolic substrates that enhance cell death will be essential to harness this pathway for developing effective treatments for cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Mebratu
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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Boutros T, Chevet E, Metrakos P. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/MAP kinase phosphatase regulation: roles in cell growth, death, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2009; 60:261-310. [PMID: 18922965 DOI: 10.1124/pr.107.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (also called MKP-1, DUSP1, ERP, CL100, HVH1, PTPN10, and 3CH134) is a member of the threonine-tyrosine dual-specificity phosphatases, one of more than 100 protein tyrosine phosphatases. It was first identified approximately 20 years ago, and since that time extensive investigations into both mkp-1 mRNA and protein regulation and function in different cells, tissues, and organs have been conducted. However, no general review on the topic of MKP-1 exists. As the subject matter pertaining to MKP-1 encompasses many branches of the biomedical field, we focus on the role of this protein in cancer development and progression, highlighting the potential role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Section II of this article elucidates the MAPK family cross-talk. Section III reviews the structure of the mkp-1 encoding gene, and the known mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of the protein. Section IV is an overview of the MAPK-specific dual-specificity phosphatases and their role in cancer. In sections V and VI, mkp-1 mRNA and protein are examined in relation to cancer biology, therapeutics, and clinical studies, including a discussion of the potential role of the MAPK family. We conclude by proposing an integrated scheme for MKP-1 and MAPK in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Boutros
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, 687 Pine Ave. W., Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada.
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Sen A, Lv L, Bello N, Ireland JJ, Smith GW. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript accelerates termination of follicle-stimulating hormone-induced extracellularly regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt activation by regulating the expression and degradation of specific mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases in bovine granulosa cells. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2655-76. [PMID: 18818282 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotropic actions of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) are well described in the central nervous system and periphery, but the intracellular mechanisms mediating biological actions of CART are poorly understood. Although CART is not expressed in mouse ovaries, we have previously established CART as a novel intracellular regulator of estradiol production in bovine granulosa cells. We demonstrated that inhibitory actions of CART on estradiol production are mediated through inhibition of FSH-induced cAMP accumulation, Ca(2+) influx, and aromatase mRNA expression via a G(o/i)-dependent pathway. We also reported that FSH-induced estradiol production is dependent on Erk1/2 and Akt signaling, and CART may regulate other signaling proteins downstream of cAMP essential for estradiol production. Here, we demonstrate that CART is a potent inhibitor of FSH-stimulated Erk1/2 and Akt signaling and the mechanisms involved. Transient CART stimulation of bovine granulosa cells shortens the duration of FSH-induced Erk1/2 and Akt signaling whereas a prolonged (24 h) CART treatment blocks Erk1/2 and Akt activation in response to FSH. This CART-induced accelerated termination of Erk1/2 and Akt signaling is mediated both by induced expression and impaired ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of dual specific phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) and protein phosphatase 2A. Results also support existence of a negative feedback loop in which CART via a G(o/i)-MAPK kinase dependent pathway activates Erk1/2, and the latter induces DUSP5 expression. Moreover, small interfering RNA mediated ablation of DUSP5 and/or protein phosphatase 2A prevents the CART-induced early termination of Erk1/2 and Akt signaling. Results provide novel insight into the intracellular mechanism of action of CART in regulation of FSH-induced MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritro Sen
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Selective apoptosis of monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs induced by bortezomib (Velcade). Bone Marrow Transplant 2008; 43:253-9. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2008.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Orlowski RZ, Kuhn DJ. Proteasome inhibitors in cancer therapy: lessons from the first decade. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1649-57. [PMID: 18347166 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in intracellular protein turnover, and its function is crucial to cellular homeostasis. First synthesized as probes of proteolytic processes, proteasome inhibitors began to be thought of as potential drug candidates when they were found to induce programmed cell death preferentially in transformed cells. They made their first leap into the clinic to be tested as therapeutic agents 10 years ago, and since then, great strides have been made in defining their mechanisms of action, their clinical efficacy and toxicity, and some of their limitations in the form of resistance pathways. Validation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a target for cancer therapy has come in the form of approvals of the first such inhibitor, bortezomib, for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, for which this agent has become a standard of care. Lessons learned from this first-in-class agent are now being applied to the development of a new generation of proteasome inhibitors that hold the promise of efficacy in bortezomib-resistant disease and possibly in a broader spectrum of diseases. This saga provides a salient example of the promise of translational medicine and a paradigm by which other agents may be successfully brought from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Z Orlowski
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Choi MR, Najafi F, Safa AR, Drexler HCA. Analysis of changes in the proteome of HL-60 promyeloid leukemia cells induced by the proteasome inhibitor PSI. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:2276-88. [PMID: 18468579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors display potent anti-neoplastic and anti-angiogenic properties both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms, however, by which proteasome inhibitors kill tumor cells are still fairly elusive as is the molecular basis of resistance to treatment. To address these questions, we employed a high-throughput Western blotting procedure to analyze changes in a subproteome of approximately 800 proteins in the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 upon treatment with the proteasome inhibitor PSI (Z-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Leu-aldehyde) and correlated the changes of selected target proteins with the changes in two multidrug-resistant HL-60 variants. In total, 105 proteins were upregulated more than 1.5-fold after PSI treatment, while 79 proteins were downregulated. Activation of caspases-3 and -8, modulation of members of the Bcl-2 family as well as stimulation of stress signaling pathways was prominent during HL-60 apoptosis. We also identified changes in the abundance of proteins previously not known to be affected by proteasome inhibitors. In contrast, two multidrug-resistant HL-60 cell lines, overexpressing either MRP1 or P-glycoprotein were largely resistant to PSI-induced apoptosis and could not be resensitized by the pharmacological inhibitors of the drug efflux pumps MK571 or PSC833. Drug resistance was also independent of the upregulation of Bad. Overexpression of multidrug resistance proteins, P-glycoprotein and MRP-1 is thus not sufficient to explain resistance of HL-60 cells to treatment with proteasome inhibitor PSI, which remains more closely related to a low level of Bax expression and to the inability to activate JNK. Alternative routes to the acquisition of resistance to PSI have therefore to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Choi
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department for Vascular Cell Biology, Roentgenstr. 20, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Boncoeur E, Roque T, Bonvin E, Saint-Criq V, Bonora M, Clement A, Tabary O, Henrion-Caude A, Jacquot J. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator controls lung proteasomal degradation and nuclear factor-kappaB activity in conditions of oxidative stress. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:1184-94. [PMID: 18372427 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a lethal inherited disorder caused by mutations in a single gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, resulting in progressive oxidative lung damage. In this study, we evaluated the role of CFTR in the control of ubiquitin-proteasome activity and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/IkappaB-alpha signaling after lung oxidative stress. After a 64-hour exposure to hyperoxia-mediated oxidative stress, CFTR-deficient (cftr(-/-)) mice exhibited significantly elevated lung proteasomal activity compared with wild-type (cftr(+/+)) animals. This was accompanied by reduced lung caspase-3 activity and defective degradation of NF-kappaB inhibitor IkappaB-alpha. In vitro, human CFTR-deficient lung cells exposed to oxidative stress exhibited increased proteasomal activity and decreased NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity compared with CFTR-sufficient lung cells. Inhibition of the CFTR Cl(-) channel by CFTR(inh-172) in the normal bronchial immortalized cell line 16HBE14o- increased proteasomal degradation after exposure to oxidative stress. Caspase-3 inhibition by Z-DQMD in CFTR-sufficient lung cells mimicked the response profile of increased proteasomal degradation and reduced NF-kappaB activity observed in CFTR-deficient lung cells exposed to oxidative stress. Taken together, these results suggest that functional CFTR Cl(-) channel activity is crucial for regulation of lung proteasomal degradation and NF-kappaB activity in conditions of oxidative stress.
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Voorhees PM, Chen Q, Small GW, Kuhn DJ, Hunsucker SA, Nemeth JA, Orlowski RZ. Targeted inhibition of interleukin-6 with CNTO 328 sensitizes pre-clinical models of multiple myeloma to dexamethasone-mediated cell death. Br J Haematol 2008; 145:481-90. [PMID: 19344406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6-mediated signalling attenuates the anti-myeloma activity of glucocorticoids (GCs). We therefore sought to evaluate whether CNTO 328, an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody in clinical development, could enhance the apoptotic activity of dexamethasone (dex) in pre-clinical models of myeloma. CNTO 328 potently increased the cytotoxicity of dex in IL-6-dependent and -independent human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs), including a bortezomib-resistant HMCL. Isobologram analysis revealed that the CNTO 328/dex combination was highly synergistic. Addition of bortezomib to CNTO 328/dex further enhanced the cytotoxicity of the combination. Experiments with pharmacologic inhibitors revealed a role for the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in IL-6-mediated GC resistance. Although CNTO 328 alone induced minimal cell death, it potentiated dex-mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by increased activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3, Annexin-V staining and DNA fragmentation. The ability of CNTO 328 to sensitize HMCLs to dex-mediated apoptosis was preserved in the presence of human bone marrow stromal cells. Importantly, the increased activity of the combination was also seen in plasma cells from patients with GC-resistant myeloma. Taken together, our data provide a strong rationale for the clinical development of the CNTO 328/dex regimen for patients with myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Voorhees
- Department of Medicine, Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7305, USA.
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