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Meira C, Silva J, Quadros H, Silva L, Barreto B, Rocha V, Bomfim L, Santos E, Soares M. Galectins in Protozoan Parasitic Diseases: Potential Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Cells 2023; 12:2671. [PMID: 38067100 PMCID: PMC10705098 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitute a group of diseases that generally develop in tropical or subtropical climatic conditions and are related to poverty. Within the spectrum of NTDs, diseases caused by protozoa such as malaria, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis exhibit elevated mortality rates, thereby constituting a substantial public health concern. Beyond their protozoan etiology, these NTDs share other similarities, such as the challenge of control and the lack of affordable, safe, and effective drugs. In view of the above, the need to explore novel diagnostic predictors and therapeutic targets for the treatment of these parasitic diseases is evident. In this context, galectins are attractive because they are a set of lectins bound to β-galactosides that play key roles in a variety of cellular processes, including host-parasite interaction such as adhesion and entry of parasites into the host cells, and participate in antiparasitic immunity in either a stimulatory or inhibitory manner, especially the galectins-1, -2, -3, and -9. These functions bestow upon galectins significant therapeutic prospects in the context of managing and diagnosing NTDs. Thus, the present review aims to elucidate the potential role of galectins in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Meira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Jaqueline Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Helenita Quadros
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Laís Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Breno Barreto
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Larissa Bomfim
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Emanuelle Santos
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Milena Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
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2
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Aghamohamadi N, Shahba F, Zarezadeh Mehrabadi A, Khorramdelazad H, Karimi M, Falak R, Emameh RZ. Age-dependent immune responses in COVID-19-mediated liver injury: focus on cytokines. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139692. [PMID: 37654571 PMCID: PMC10465349 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is potentially pathogenic and causes severe symptoms; in addition to respiratory syndromes, patients might experience other severe conditions such as digestive complications and liver complications injury. The abnormality in the liver is manifested by hepatobiliary dysfunction and enzymatic elevation, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The direct cytopathic effect, immune dysfunction, cytokine storm, and adverse effects of therapeutic regimens have a crucial role in the severity of liver injury. According to aging and immune system alterations, cytokine patterns may also change in the elderly. Moreover, hyperproduction of cytokines in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 can lead to multi-organ dysfunction. The mortality rate in elderly patients, particularly those with other comorbidities, is also higher than in adults. Although the pathogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the liver has been widely studied, the impact of age and immune-mediated responses at different ages remain unclear. This review discusses the association between immune system responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients of different ages and liver injury, focusing on cytokine alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Aghamohamadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shahba
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarezadeh Mehrabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Milad Karimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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3
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Nangia-Makker P, Hogan V, Balan V, Raz A. Chimeric galectin-3 and collagens: Biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in fibroproliferative diseases. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102622. [PMID: 36272642 PMCID: PMC9706532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, stiffening and scarring of an organ/tissue due to genetic abnormalities, environmental factors, infection, and/or injury, is responsible for > 40% of all deaths in the industrialized world, and to date, there is no cure for it despite extensive research and numerous clinical trials. Several biomarkers have been identified, but no effective therapeutic targets are available. Human galectin-3 is a chimeric gene product formed by the fusion of the internal domain of the collagen alpha gene [N-terminal domain (ND)] at the 5'-end of galectin-1 [C-terminal domain (CRD)] that appeared during evolution together with vertebrates. Due to the overlapping structural similarities between collagen and galectin-3 and their shared susceptibility to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases to generate circulating collagen-like peptides, this review will discuss present knowledge on the role of collagen and galectin-3 as biomarkers of fibrosis. We will also highlight the need for transformative approaches targeting both the ND and CRD domains of galectin-3, since glycoconjugate binding by the CRD is triggered by ND-mediated oligomerization and the therapies targeted only at the CRD have so far achieved limited success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA,For correspondence: Pratima Nangia-Makker; Avraham Raz
| | - Victor Hogan
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Vitaly Balan
- Guardant Health, Bioinformatics, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA,For correspondence: Pratima Nangia-Makker; Avraham Raz
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Maruszewska-Cheruiyot M, Stear M, Donskow-Łysoniewska K. Galectins - Important players of the immune response to CNS parasitic infection. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 13:100221. [PMID: 34589740 PMCID: PMC8474370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins that bind β-galactosides and play key roles in a variety of cellular processes including host defense and entry of parasites into the host cells. They have been well studied in hosts but less so in parasites. As both host and parasite galectins are highly upregulated proteins following infection, galectins are an area of increasing interest and their role in immune modulation has only recently become clear. Correlation of CNS parasitic diseases with mental disorders as a result of direct or indirect interaction has been observed. Therefore, galectins produced by the parasite should be taken into consideration as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maruszewska-Cheruiyot
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
- Corresponding author.
| | - Michael Stear
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, Agribio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Donskow-Łysoniewska
- Laboratory of Parasitology, General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Sehrawat S, Kaur M. Galectin-3 as a modifier of anti-microbial immunity: Unraveling the unknowns. Glycobiology 2021; 30:418-426. [PMID: 31985798 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins play diverse roles in pathophysiology of infectious diseases and cancers. Galectin-3 is one of the most studied family member and the only chimeric type lectin. Many aspects of its biogenesis, range of activities, and the disease-modifying potential particularly during microbial infections are yet to be known. We review our current understanding of these issues and also highlight gaps in better defining the immune modulatory potential of galectin-3 during different stages of host responsiveness when an infection sets in. Additionally, we discuss commonly used strategies to disrupt galectin-3 functions both extracellulalry and intracellularly. Existing and improved novel strategies could help fine-tune immune responses to achieve better prognosis of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Sehrawat
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar Knowledge City, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306 India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar Knowledge City, PO Manauli, Mohali 140306 India
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Ngwasiri NN, Brattig NW, Ndjonka D, Liebau E, Paguem A, Leusder D, Kingsley MT, Eisenbarth A, Renz A, Daniel AM. Galectins from Onchocerca ochengi and O. volvulus and their immune recognition by Wistar rats, Gudali zebu cattle and human hosts. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:5. [PMID: 33407120 PMCID: PMC7788699 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the last two decades research on animal filarial parasites, especially Onchocerca ochengi, infecting cattle in savanna areas of Africa revealed that O. ochengi as an animal model has biological features that are similar to those of O. volvulus, the aetiological agent of human onchocerciasis. There is, however, a paucity of biochemical, immunological and pathological data for O. ochengi. Galectins can be generated by parasites and their hosts. They are multifunctional molecules affecting the interaction between filarial parasites and their mammalian hosts including immune responses. This study characterized O. ochengi galectin, verified its immunologenicity and established its immune reactivity and that of Onchocerca volvulus galectin. Results The phylogenetic analysis showed the high degree of identity between the identified O. ochengi and the O. volvulus galectin-1 (ß-galactoside-binding protein-1) consisting only in one exchange of alanine for serine. O. ochengi galectin induced IgG antibodies during 28 days after immunization of Wistar rats. IgG from O. ochengi-infected cattle and O. volvulus-infected humans cross-reacted with the corresponding galectins. Under the applied experimental conditions in a cell proliferation test, O. ochengi galectin failed to significantly stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from O. ochengi-infected cattle, regardless of their parasite load. Conclusion An O. ochengi galectin gene was identified and the recombinantly expressed protein was immunogenic. IgG from Onchocerca-infected humans and cattle showed similar cross-reaction with both respective galectins. The present findings reflect the phylogenetic relationship between the two parasites and endorse the appropriateness of the cattle O. ochengi model for O. volvulus infection research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-020-02064-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norbert W Brattig
- Department Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Eva Liebau
- University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Archile Paguem
- University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.,Department Comparative Zoology, Eberhard Karls University, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Manchang Tanyi Kingsley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Veterinary Research Laboratory, IRAD Wakwa Regional Centre, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Albert Eisenbarth
- Department Comparative Zoology, Eberhard Karls University, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Tübingen, Germany.,Programme Onchocercoses, Station of the University of Tübingen, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Alfons Renz
- Department Comparative Zoology, Eberhard Karls University, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Tübingen, Germany.,Programme Onchocercoses, Station of the University of Tübingen, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
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7
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Kavanagh EL, Halasz M, Dowling P, Withers J, Lindsay S, Higgins MJ, Irwin JA, Rudd PM, Saldova R, McCann A. N-Linked glycosylation profiles of therapeutic induced senescent (TIS) triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) and their extracellular vesicle (EV) progeny. Mol Omics 2020; 17:72-85. [PMID: 33325943 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00017e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poor clinical outcomes and limited treatment options. Chemotherapy, while killing some cancer cells, can result in therapeutic-induced-senescent (TIS) cells. Senescent cells release significantly more extracellular vesicles (EVs) than non-senescent cells. Recently, N- and O-linked glycosylation alterations have been associated with senescence. We aimed to profile the N-linked glycans of whole cells, membrane, cytoplasm and EVs harvested from TIS TNBC cells and to compare these to results from non-senescent cells. TIS was induced in the Cal51 TNBC cells using the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis of exoglycosidase digested N-linked glycans was carried out on TIS compared to non-treated control cells. LC-Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of the N-linked glycans and lectin blotting of samples was carried out to confirm the UPLC results. Significant differences were found in the N-glycan profile of the Cal51 membrane, cytoplasm and EV progeny of TIS compared to non-senescent cells. Protein mass spectrometry showed that the TIS cells contain different glycan modifying enzymes. The lectin, calnexin demonstrated a lower kDa size (∼58 kDa) in TIS compared to control cells (∼90 kDa) while Galectin 3 demonstrated potential proteolytic cleavage with 32 kDa and ∼22 kDa bands evident in TIS compared to non-senescent control cells with a major 32 kDa band only. TIS CAL51 cells also demonstrated a reduced adhesion to collagen I compared to control non-senescent cells. This study has shown that therapeutic-induced-senescent TNBC cells and their EV progeny, display differential N-glycan moieties compared to non-senescent Cal51 cells and their resultant EV progeny. For the future, N-glycan moieties on cancer senescent cells and their EV progeny hold potential for (i) the monitoring of treatment response as a liquid biopsy, and (ii) cancer senescent cell targeting with lectin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Kavanagh
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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8
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Silva LM, Correia VG, Moreira ASP, Domingues MRM, Ferreira RM, Figueiredo C, Azevedo NF, Marcos-Pinto R, Carneiro F, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Feizi T, Ferreira JA, Coimbra MA, Palma AS. Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide structural domains and their recognition by immune proteins revealed with carbohydrate microarrays. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 253:117350. [PMID: 33278960 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The structural diversity of the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from Helicobacter pylori poses a challenge to establish accurate and strain-specific structure-function relationships in interactions with the host. Here, LPS structural domains from five clinical isolates were obtained and compared with the reference strain 26695. This was achieved combining information from structural analysis (GC-MS and ESI-MSn) with binding data after interrogation of a LPS-derived carbohydrate microarray with sequence-specific proteins. All LPSs expressed Lewisx/y and N-acetyllactosamine determinants. Ribans were also detected in LPSs from all clinical isolates, allowing their distinction from the 26695 LPS. There was evidence for 1,3-d-galactans and blood group H-type 2 sequences in two of the clinical isolates, the latter not yet described for H. pylori LPS. Furthermore, carbohydrate microarray analyses showed a strain-associated LPS recognition by the immune lectins DC-SIGN and galectin-3 and revealed distinctive LPS binding patterns by IgG antibodies in the serum from H. pylori-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisete M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Viviana G Correia
- UCIBIO, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário M Domingues
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui M Ferreira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Céu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marcos-Pinto
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty, Centre for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - José A Ferreira
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Angelina S Palma
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK; UCIBIO, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
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Snarr BD, St-Pierre G, Ralph B, Lehoux M, Sato Y, Rancourt A, Takazono T, Baistrocchi SR, Corsini R, Cheng MP, Sugrue M, Baden LR, Izumikawa K, Mukae H, Wingard JR, King IL, Divangahi M, Satoh MS, Yipp BG, Sato S, Sheppard DC. Galectin-3 enhances neutrophil motility and extravasation into the airways during Aspergillus fumigatus infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008741. [PMID: 32750085 PMCID: PMC7428289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic mold that infects patients who are immunocompromised or have chronic lung disease, causing significant morbidity and mortality in these populations. While the factors governing the host response to A. fumigatus remain poorly defined, neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection is critical to clear the fungus. Galectin-3 is a mammalian β-galactose-binding lectin with both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, however the role of galectin-3 in the defense against molds has not been studied. Here we show that galectin-3 expression is markedly up-regulated in mice and humans with pulmonary aspergillosis. Galectin-3 deficient mice displayed increased fungal burden and higher mortality during pulmonary infection. In contrast to previous reports with pathogenic yeast, galectin-3 exhibited no antifungal activity against A. fumigatus in vitro. Galectin-3 deficient mice exhibited fewer neutrophils in their airways during infection, despite normal numbers of total lung neutrophils. Intravital imaging studies confirmed that galectin-3 was required for normal neutrophil migration to the airspaces during fungal infection. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that stromal rather than neutrophil-intrinsic galectin-3 was necessary for normal neutrophil entry into the airspaces. Live cell imaging studies revealed that extracellular galectin-3 directly increases neutrophil motility. Taken together, these data demonstrate that extracellular galectin-3 facilitates recruitment of neutrophils to the site of A. fumigatus infection, and reveals a novel role for galectin-3 in host defense against fungal infections. The environmental mold Aspergillus fumigatus commonly causes lung infections in people with impaired immunity or those suffering from a chronic lung disease. While neutrophils are a key cell type necessary for the eradication of this infection, the precise mechanism of their recruitment to the site of infection remains incompletely understood. Here we show that the secreted mammalian protein galectin-3 plays an important role in helping neutrophils reaching the fungus within the airways. We found that both mice and humans produce galectin-3 when infected with A. fumigatus, and mice lacking galectin-3 were more susceptible to infection than normal mice. Galectin-3-deficient mice had impaired neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection. In the absence of galectin-3, neutrophils exhibited reduced motility in mouse lungs and in tissue culture. Our study offers insights into the mechanisms underlying the recruitment of neutrophils to the airways during A. fumigatus infection and reveals a new role for galectin-3 in increasing neutrophil motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D. Snarr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guillaume St-Pierre
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Research Centre of CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ralph
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lehoux
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, Canada
| | - Yukiko Sato
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ann Rancourt
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Research Centre of CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec city, Canada
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shane R. Baistrocchi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rachel Corsini
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, Canada
| | - Matthew P. Cheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michele Sugrue
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainsville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Harvard University & Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - John R. Wingard
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainsville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Irah L. King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Masahiko S. Satoh
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec city, Canada
| | - Bryan G. Yipp
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sachiko Sato
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Research Centre of CHU de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- * E-mail: (SS); (DCS)
| | - Donald C. Sheppard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montréal, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail: (SS); (DCS)
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10
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Galectin-3 in Inflammasome Activation and Primary Biliary Cholangitis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145097. [PMID: 32707678 PMCID: PMC7404314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune liver disease characterized by inflammation and damage of small bile ducts. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric complex of proteins that after activation with various stimuli initiates an inflammatory process. Increasing data obtained from animal studies implicate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays important roles in various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation and apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, inflammation, fibrosis and host defense. The multilineage immune response at various stages of PBC development includes the involvement of Gal-3 in the pathogenesis of this disease. The role of Galectin-3 in the specific binding to NLRP3, and inflammasome activation in models of primary biliary cholangitis has been recently described. This review provides a brief pathogenesis of PBC and discusses the current knowledge about the role of Gal-3 in NLRP3 activation and PBC development.
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11
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Li FY, Wang SF, Bernardes ES, Liu FT. Galectins in Host Defense Against Microbial Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:141-167. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Pineda M, Corvo L, Callejas-Hernández F, Fresno M, Bonay P. Trypanosoma cruzi cleaves galectin-3 N-terminal domain to suppress its innate microbicidal activity. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 199:216-229. [PMID: 31593356 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is the best-characterized member of galectins, an evolutionary conserved family of galactoside-binding proteins that play central roles in infection and immunity, regulating inflammation, cell migration and cell apoptosis. Differentially expressed by cells and tissues with immune privilege, they bind not only to host ligands, but also to glycans expressed by pathogens. In this regard, we have previously shown that human galectin-3 recognizes several genetic lineages of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas' disease or American trypanosomiasis. Herein we describe a molecular mechanism developed by T. cruzi to proteolytically process galectin-3 that generates a truncated form of the protein lacking its N-terminal domain - required for protein oligomerization - but still conserves a functional carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Such processing relies on specific T. cruzi proteases, including Zn-metalloproteases and collagenases, and ultimately conveys profound changes in galectin-3-dependent effects, as chemical inhibition of parasite proteases allows galectin-3 to induce parasite death in vitro. Thus, T. cruzi might have established distinct mechanisms to counteract galectin-3-mediated immunity and microbicide properties. Interestingly, non-pathogenic T. rangeli lacked the ability to cleave galectin-3, suggesting that during evolution two genetically similar organisms have developed different molecular mechanisms that, in the case of T. cruzi, favoured its pathogenicity, highlighting the importance of T. cruzi proteases to avoid immune mechanisms triggered by galectin-3 upon infection. This study provides the first evidence of a novel strategy developed by T. cruzi to abrogate signalling mechanisms associated with galectin-3-dependent innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pineda
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Corvo
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Callejas-Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Bonay
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Swan J, Sakthivel D, Cameron TC, Faou P, Downs R, Rajapaksha H, Piedrafita D, Beddoe T. Proteomic identification of galectin-11 and -14 ligands from Fasciola hepatica. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:921-932. [PMID: 31560927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a globally distributed zoonotic trematode that causes fasciolosis in livestock, wildlife, ruminants and humans. Fasciolosis causes a significant economic impact on the agricultural sector and affects human health. Due to the increasing prevalence of triclabendazole resistance in F. hepatica, alternative treatment methods are required. Many protein antigens have been trialled as vaccine candidates with low success, however, the tegument of F. hepatica is highly glycosylated and the parasite-derived glycoconjugate molecules have been identified as an important mediator in host-parasite interactions and as prime targets for the host immune system. Galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) are two ruminant-specific glycan-binding proteins, showing upregulation in the bile duct of sheep infected with F. hepatica, which are believed to mediate host-parasite interaction and innate immunity against internal parasites. For the first known time, this study presents the ligand profile of whole worm and tegument extracts of F. hepatica that interacted with immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14. LGALS-14 interacted with a total of 255 F. hepatica proteins. The protein which had the greatest interaction was identified as an uncharacterised protein which contained a C-type lectin domain. Many of the other proteins identified were previously trialled vaccine candidates including glutathione S-transferase, paramyosin, cathepsin L, cathepsin B, fatty acid binding protein and leucine aminopeptidase. In comparison to LGALS-14, LGALS-11 interacted with only 49 F. hepatica proteins and it appears to have a much smaller number of binding partners in F. hepatica. This is, to our knowledge, the first time host-specific lectins have been used for the enrichment of F. hepatica glycoproteins and this study has identified a number of glycoproteins that play critical roles in host-parasite interactions which have the potential to be novel vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Swan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Centre for Livestock Interactions with Pathogens (CLiP), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Dhanasekaran Sakthivel
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Timothy C Cameron
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Centre for Livestock Interactions with Pathogens (CLiP), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Pierre Faou
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rachael Downs
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Harinda Rajapaksha
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David Piedrafita
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria 3842, Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science and Centre for AgriBioscience (AgriBio), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia; Centre for Livestock Interactions with Pathogens (CLiP), La Trobe University, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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14
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Robinson BS, Arthur CM, Evavold B, Roback E, Kamili NA, Stowell CS, Vallecillo-Zúniga ML, Van Ry PM, Dias-Baruffi M, Cummings RD, Stowell SR. The Sweet-Side of Leukocytes: Galectins as Master Regulators of Neutrophil Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1762. [PMID: 31440233 PMCID: PMC6693361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among responders to microbial invasion, neutrophils represent one of the earliest and perhaps most important factors that contribute to initial host defense. Effective neutrophil immunity requires their rapid mobilization to the site of infection, which requires efficient extravasation, activation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and eventual killing of potential microbial pathogens. Following pathogen elimination, neutrophils must be eliminated to prevent additional host injury and subsequent exacerbation of the inflammatory response. Galectins, expressed in nearly every tissue and regulated by unique sensitivity to oxidative and proteolytic inactivation, appear to influence nearly every aspect of neutrophil function. In this review, we will examine the impact of galectins on neutrophils, with a particular focus on the unique biochemical traits that allow galectin family members to spatially and temporally regulate neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Robinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Birk Evavold
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ethan Roback
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caleb S Stowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Pam M Van Ry
- Department of Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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15
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Delayed Galectin-3-Mediated Reprogramming of Microglia After Stroke is Protective. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6371-6385. [PMID: 30798442 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1527-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, has recently emerged as a molecule with immunoregulatory functions. We investigated the effects of Gal-3 on microglia morphology, migration, and secretory profile under physiological conditions and in the context of ischemic injury. We show that in the control conditions, exposure to recombinant Gal-3 increases microglial ramification and motility in vitro and in vivo via an IL-4-dependent mechanism. Importantly, after stroke, Gal-3 exerted marked immune-modulatory properties. Delivery of Gal-3 at 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was associated with an increase in Ym1-positive microglia and decrease in iNOS. Analysis of cytokine profiles at the protein level revealed downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a marked upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4, 24 h after i.c.v. injection of Gal-3. Importantly, the observed shift in cytokines in microglia was associated with a significant decrease in the infarct size. Taken together, our results suggest that when delivered well after ischemic injury, Gal-3 might fine tune innate immunity and induce a therapeutic shift in microglia polarization.
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16
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Xu J, Yang F, Yang DQ, Jiang P, Liu RD, Zhang X, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Molecular characterization of Trichinella spiralis galectin and its participation in larval invasion of host's intestinal epithelial cells. Vet Res 2018; 49:79. [PMID: 30068382 PMCID: PMC6071371 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study the molecular characteristics of Trichinella spiralis galectin (Tsgal) and interactions between Tsgal and host's intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The functional domain of Tsgal was cloned and expressed in an E. coli system. The Tsgal was 97.1% identity to the galectin of T. nativa and 20.8% identity to the galectin-8 of humans. Conserved domain analysis revealed that Tsgal belongs to TR-type galectin and has two carbon recognized domain. The rTsgal with 29.1 kDa could be recognized by T. spiralis-infected mice at 42 days post-infection (dpi). The transcription and expression of Tsgal gene was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting in all T. spiralis developmental stages (intestinal infective larvae, adult worms, newborn larvae, and muscle larvae). The IFA results revealed that Tsgal was mainly located at the cuticles and stichosomes of T. spiralis larvae (ML, IIL and NBL). The rTsgal had hemagglutinating function for erythrocytes from human, rabbit and mouse. The results of Far Western blot and confocal microscopy indicated there was specific binding between rTsgal and IECs, and the binding was located the membrane and cytoplasm of the IECs. Out of four sugars (sucrose, glucose, lactose and maltose), only lactose was able to inhibit the rTsgal agglutinating role for human type B erythrocytes. Moreover, the rTsgal could promote the larval invasion of IECs, while the anti-rTsgal serum inhibited the larval invasion. These results demonstrated that Tsgal might participate in the T. spiralis invasion of intestinal epithelium in early infection stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Da Qi Yang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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17
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Rancourt A, Dufresne SS, St-Pierre G, Lévesque JC, Nakamura H, Kikuchi Y, Satoh MS, Frenette J, Sato S. Galectin-3 and N-acetylglucosamine promote myogenesis and improve skeletal muscle function in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201701151RRR. [PMID: 29894670 PMCID: PMC6219824 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701151rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The muscle membrane, sarcolemma, must be firmly attached to the basal lamina. The failure of proper attachment results in muscle injury, which is the underlying cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), in which mutations in the dystrophin gene disrupts the firm adhesion. In patients with DMD, even moderate contraction causes damage, leading to progressive muscle degeneration. The damaged muscles are repaired through myogenesis. Consequently, myogenesis is highly active in patients with DMD, and the repeated activation of myogenesis leads to the exhaustion of the myogenic stem cells. Therefore, approaches to reducing the risk of the exhaustion are to develop a treatment that strengthens the interaction between the sarcolemma and the basal lamina and increases the efficiency of the myogenesis. Galectin-3 is an oligosaccharide-binding protein and is known to be involved in cell-cell interactions and cell-matrix interactions. Galectin-3 is expressed in myoblasts and skeletal muscle, although its function in muscle remains elusive. In this study, we found evidence that galectin-3 and the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine, which increases the synthesis of binding partners (oligosaccharides) of galectin-3, promote myogenesis in vitro. Moreover, in the mdx mouse model of DMD, treatment with N-acetylglucosamine increased muscle-force production. The results suggest that treatment with N-acetylglucosamine might mitigate the burden of DMD.-Rancourt, A., Dufresne, S. S., St-Pierre, G., Lévesque, J.-C., Nakamura, H., Kikuchi, Y., Satoh, M. S., Frenette, J., Sato, S. Galectin-3 and N-acetylglucosamine promote myogenesis and improve skeletal muscle function in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rancourt
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, Research Centre Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien S. Dufresne
- Department of Rehabilitation, Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume St-Pierre
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Haruka Nakamura
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yodai Kikuchi
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masahiko S. Satoh
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, Research Centre Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Department of Rehabilitation, Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sachiko Sato
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Bioimaging Platform, Research Centre of CHU de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Sato S. Cytosolic Galectins and Their Release and Roles as Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins in Host–Pathogen Interaction. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1739.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sato
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University
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19
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Robinson BS, Arthur CM, Kamili NA, Stowell SR. Galectin Regulation of Host Microbial Interactions. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1738.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S. Robinson
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Connie M. Arthur
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Nourine A. Kamili
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Sean R. Stowell
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine
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20
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Iwaki J, Hirabayashi J. Carbohydrate-Binding Specificity of Human Galectins: An Overview by Frontal Affinity Chromatography. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1728.1se] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Jun Hirabayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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21
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Gao X, Liu J, Liu X, Li L, Zheng J. Cleavage and phosphorylation: important post-translational modifications of galectin-3. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:367-374. [PMID: 28378189 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As the unique chimeric member of the β-galactoside-binding protein family, galectin-3 is a multivalent and multifunctional oncogenic protein involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell adhesion, RNA splicing, cell apoptosis, and malignant transformation. Post-translational modifications can effectively increase a protein's functional diversity, either by degradation or adding chemical modifications, thus regulating activity, localization, and ligand interaction. In order to clearly understand the functional mechanisms of galectin-3 involved in normal cell biology and pathogenesis, here, we have summarized the previously reported post-translational modifications of galectin-3, including cleavage and phosphorylation. Cleavage of galectin-3 by MMPs, PSA, and proteases from parasites generated intact carbohydrate-recognition domain and N-terminal peptides of varying lengths that retained lectin binding activity but lost multivalence. Serine and tyrosine phosphorylation of galectin-3 by c-Abl, CKI, and GSK-3β could regulate its localization and associated signal transduction. Accordingly, cleavage and phosphorylation play an important role in regulating galectin-3 function via altering its multivalence, localization, and ligand interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Gao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjie Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangye Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China
| | - Liantao Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, People's Republic of China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221002, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Fei D, Wei D, Yu X, Yue J, Li M, Sun L, Jiang L, Li Y, Diao Q, Ma M. Screening of binding proteins that interact with Chinese sacbrood virus VP3 capsid protein in Apis cerana larvae cDNA library by the yeast two-hybrid method. Virus Res 2018; 248:24-30. [PMID: 29452163 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) causes larval death and apiary collapse of Apis cerana. VP3 is a capsid protein of CSBV but its function is poorly understood. To determine the function of VP3 and screen for novel binding proteins that interact with VP3, we conducted yeast two-hybrid screening, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Galectin (GAL) is a protein involved in immune regulation and host-pathogen interactions. The yeast two-hybrid screen implicated GAL as a major VP3-binding candidate. The assays showed that the VP3 interacted with GAL. Identification of these cellular targets and clarifying their contributions to the host-pathogen interaction may be useful for the development of novel therapeutic and prevention strategies against CSBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Fei
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59, Xiangfang the public Hamaji timber Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Jinjin Yue
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Li Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59, Xiangfang the public Hamaji timber Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150030, China
| | - Qingyun Diao
- Honeybee Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mingxiao Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 40, Section 3 Songpo Road, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China.
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Influence of LGALS3 gene polymorphisms on susceptibility and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in a Northern Han Chinese population. Gene 2018; 642:293-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sundqvist M, Welin A, Elmwall J, Osla V, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H, Bylund J, Karlsson A. Galectin-3 type-C self-association on neutrophil surfaces; The carbohydrate recognition domain regulates cell function. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:341-353. [PMID: 29345346 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0317-110r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is an endogenous β-galactoside-binding lectin comprising a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) linked to a collagen-like N-domain. Both domains are required for galectin-3 to induce cellular effects; a C-terminal fragment of galectin-3, galectin-3C, containing the CRD but lacking the N-domain, binds cell surface glycoconjugates but does not induce cellular effects since cross-linking promoted by the N-domain is thought to be required. Instead, galectin-3C is proposed to antagonize the effects of galectin-3 by competing for binding sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of galectin-3C on galectin-3 interactions with human neutrophils. Recombinant galectin-3C inhibited galectin-3-induced production of reactive oxygen species in primed neutrophils. Surprisingly, this inhibition was not due to competitive inhibition of galectin-3 binding to the cells. In contrast, galectin-3C potentiated galectin-3 binding, in line with emerging evidence that galectin-3 can aggregate not only through the N-domain but also through the CRD. The cell surface interaction between galectin-3C and galectin-3 was corroborated by colocalization of fluorescently labeled galectin-3 and galectin-3C. Galectin-3C can be generated in vivo through cleavage of galectin-3 by proteases. Indeed, in circulation, galectin-3 and galectin-3C were both attached to the cell surface of neutrophils, which displayed great capacity to bind additional galectin-3 and galectin-3C. In conclusion, galectin-3C enhances galectin-3 binding to neutrophils by nonactivating type-C self-association, in parallel to inhibiting neutrophil activation by galectin-3 (induced by type-N self-association). This implicates type-C self-association as a termination system for galectin-3-induced cell activation, with the purpose of avoiding oxidant-dependent tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amanda Welin
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Elmwall
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Veronica Osla
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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25
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The roles of galectins in parasitic infections. Acta Trop 2018; 177:97-104. [PMID: 28986248 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Galectins is a family of multifunctional lectins. Fifteen galectins have been identified from a variety of cells and tissues of vertebrates and invertebrates. Galectins have been shown to play pivotal roles in host-pathogen interaction such as adhesion of pathogens to host cells and activation of host innate and adaptive immunity. In recent years, the roles of galectins during parasite infections have gained increasing attention. Galectins produced by different hosts can act as pattern recognition receptors detecting conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns of parasites, while galectins produced by parasites can modulate host responses. This review summarizes some recent studies on the roles of galectins produced by parasitic protozoa, nematodes, and trematodes and their hosts. Understanding the roles of galectins in host-parasite interactions may provide targets for immune intervention and therapies of parasitic infections.
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26
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Galectin-3 Is a Target for Proteases Involved in the Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00177-17. [PMID: 28438975 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00177-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infection. The bacterium expresses four major proteases that are emerging as virulence factors: aureolysin (Aur), V8 protease (SspA), staphopain A (ScpA), and staphopain B (SspB). We hypothesized that human galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin involved in immune regulation and antimicrobial defense, is a target for these proteases and that proteolysis of galectin-3 is a novel immune evasion mechanism. Indeed, supernatants from laboratory strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus caused galectin-3 degradation. Similar proteolytic capacities were found in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates but not in Staphylococcus saprophyticus Galectin-3-induced activation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase was abrogated by bacterium-derived proteolysis of galectin-3, and SspB was identified as the major protease responsible. The impact of galectin-3 and protease expression on S. aureus virulence was studied in a murine skin infection model. In galectin-3+/+ mice, SspB-expressing S. aureus caused larger lesions and resulted in higher bacterial loads than protease-lacking bacteria. No such difference in bacterial load or lesion size was detected in galectin-3-/- mice, which overall showed smaller lesion sizes than the galectin-3+/+ animals. In conclusion, the staphylococcal protease SspB inactivates galectin-3, abrogating its stimulation of oxygen radical production in human neutrophils and increasing tissue damage during skin infection.
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27
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Arthur CM, Patel SR, Mener A, Kamili NA, Fasano RM, Meyer E, Winkler AM, Sola-Visner M, Josephson CD, Stowell SR. Innate immunity against molecular mimicry: Examining galectin-mediated antimicrobial activity. Bioessays 2016; 37:1327-37. [PMID: 26577077 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity provides the unique ability to respond to a nearly infinite range of antigenic determinants. Given the inherent plasticity of the adaptive immune system, a series of tolerance mechanisms exist to reduce reactivity toward self. While this reduces the probability of autoimmunity, it also creates an important gap in adaptive immunity: the ability to recognize microbes that look like self. As a variety of microbes decorate themselves in self-like carbohydrate antigens and tolerance reduces the ability of adaptive immunity to react with self-like structures, protection against molecular mimicry likely resides within the innate arm of immunity. In this review, we will explore the potential consequences of microbial molecular mimicry, including factors within innate immunity that appear to specifically target microbes expressing self-like antigens, and therefore provide protection against molecular mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie M Arthur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Seema R Patel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Mener
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ross M Fasano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin Meyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annie M Winkler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martha Sola-Visner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra D Josephson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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28
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Liu H, Li M, Cai S, He X, Shao Y, Lu X. Ricin-B-lectin enhances microsporidia Nosema bombycis infection in BmN cells from silkworm Bombyx mori. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:1050-1057. [PMID: 27649890 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosema bombycis is an obligate intracellular parasitic fungus that utilizes a distinctive mechanism to infect Bombyx mori Spore germination can be used for host cell invasion; however, the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. The ricin-B-lectin (RBL) gene is significantly differentially regulated after N. bombycis spore germination, and NbRBL might play roles in spore germination and infection. In this study, the biological function of NbRBL was examined. Protein sequence analysis showed that NbRBL is a secreted protein that attaches to carbohydrates. The relative expression level of the NbRBL gene was low during the first 30 h post-infection (hpi) in BmN cells, and high expression was detected from 42 hpi. Gene cloning, prokaryotic expression, and antibody preparation for NbRBL were performed. NbRBL was detected in total and secreted proteins using western blot analysis. Subcellular localization analysis showed that NbRBL is an intracellular protein. Spore adherence and infection assays showed that NbRBL could enhance spore adhesion to BmN cells; the proliferative activities of BmN cells incubated with anti-NbRBL were higher than those in negative control groups after N. bombycis infection; and the treatment groups showed less damage from spore invasion. We therefore, propose that NbRBL is released during spore germination, enhances spore adhesion to BmN cells, and contributes to spore invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingqian Li
- Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shunfeng Cai
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyi He
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingmeng Lu
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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29
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Séguin O, Descoteaux A. Leishmania, the phagosome, and host responses: The journey of a parasite. Cell Immunol 2016; 309:1-6. [PMID: 27531526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania is the eukaryotic parasite responsible for leishmaniases, a spectrum of diseases that puts at risk roughly 350millions of people in 98 countries according to the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi). This parasite has a complex life cycle composed of two distinct stages, the promastigote form found in the female sand-fly vector and the amastigote form that replicates in the mammalian host (Teixeira et al., 2013) [1]. To survive, the parasite interacts with its host immune system at multiple levels. In this review, we discuss the nature of those interactions, how they affect the host immune system, and how they affect parasite survival from the very beginning of the life cycle in the vector to its dissemination within the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Séguin
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and the Center for Host-Parasite Interactions, Laval, Canada
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and the Center for Host-Parasite Interactions, Laval, Canada.
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30
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Nita-Lazar M, Mancini J, Feng C, González-Montalbán N, Ravindran C, Jackson S, de Las Heras-Sánchez A, Giomarelli B, Ahmed H, Haslam SM, Wu G, Dell A, Ammayappan A, Vakharia VN, Vasta GR. The zebrafish galectins Drgal1-L2 and Drgal3-L1 bind in vitro to the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) glycoprotein and reduce viral adhesion to fish epithelial cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:241-252. [PMID: 26429411 PMCID: PMC4684960 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV; Rhabdoviridae, Novirhabdovirus) infects teleost fish, such as salmon and trout, and is responsible for significant losses in the aquaculture industry and in wild fish populations. Although IHNV enters the host through the skin at the base of the fins, the viral adhesion and entry mechanisms are not fully understood. In recent years, evidence has accumulated in support of the key roles played by protein-carbohydrate interactions between host lectins secreted to the extracellular space and virion envelope glycoproteins in modulating viral adhesion and infectivity. In this study, we assessed in vitro the potential role(s) of zebrafish (Danio rerio) proto type galectin-1 (Drgal1-L2) and a chimera galectin-3 (Drgal3-L1) in IHNV adhesion to epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the extracellular Drgal1-L2 and Drgal3-L1 interact directly and in a carbohydrate-dependent manner with the IHNV glycosylated envelope and glycans on the epithelial cell surface, significantly reducing viral adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Nita-Lazar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin Mancini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chiguang Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Núria González-Montalbán
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chinnarajan Ravindran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shawn Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana de Las Heras-Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Barbara Giomarelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hafiz Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Arun Ammayappan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikram N Vakharia
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerardo R Vasta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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31
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Fichorova RN, Yamamoto HS, Fashemi T, Foley E, Ryan S, Beatty N, Dawood H, Hayes GR, St-Pierre G, Sato S, Singh BN. Trichomonas vaginalis Lipophosphoglycan Exploits Binding to Galectin-1 and -3 to Modulate Epithelial Immunity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:998-1013. [PMID: 26589797 PMCID: PMC4705417 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.651497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection caused by the vaginotropic extracellular protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. The infection is recurrent, with no lasting immunity, often asymptomatic, and linked to pregnancy complications and risk of viral infection. The molecular mechanisms of immune evasion by the parasite are poorly understood. We demonstrate that galectin-1 and -3 are expressed by the human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells and act as pathogen-recognition receptors for the ceramide phosphoinositol glycan core (CPI-GC) of the dominant surface protozoan lipophosphoglycan (LPG). We used an in vitro model with siRNA galectin knockdown epithelial clones, recombinant galectins, clinical Trichomonas isolates, and mutant protozoan derivatives to dissect the function of galectin-1 and -3 in the context of Trichomonas infection. Galectin-1 suppressed chemokines that facilitate recruitment of phagocytes, which can eliminate extracellular protozoa (IL-8) or bridge innate to adaptive immunity (MIP-3α and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted)). Silencing galectin-1 increased and adding exogenous galectin-1 suppressed chemokine responses to Trichomonas or CPI-GC/LPG. In contrast, silencing galectin-3 reduced IL-8 response to LPG. Live Trichomonas depleted the extracellular levels of galectin-3. Clinical isolates and mutant Trichomonas CPI-GC that had reduced affinity to galectin-3 but maintained affinity to galectin-1 suppressed chemokine expression. Thus via CPI-GC binding, Trichomonas is capable of regulating galectin bioavailability and function to the benefit of its parasitic survival. These findings suggest novel approaches to control trichomoniasis and warrant further studies of galectin-binding diversity among clinical isolates as a possible source for symptom disparity in parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina N Fichorova
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,
| | - Hidemi S Yamamoto
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Titilayo Fashemi
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Evan Foley
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Stanthia Ryan
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Noah Beatty
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Hassan Dawood
- From the Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Gary R Hayes
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, and
| | - Guillaume St-Pierre
- the Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sachiko Sato
- the Laboratory of Glycobiology and Bioimaging, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Bibhuti N Singh
- the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, and
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32
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Poncini CV, Ilarregui JM, Batalla EI, Engels S, Cerliani JP, Cucher MA, van Kooyk Y, González-Cappa SM, Rabinovich GA. Trypanosoma cruziInfection Imparts a Regulatory Program in Dendritic Cells and T Cells via Galectin-1–Dependent Mechanisms. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3311-24. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Uchino Y, Mauris J, Woodward AM, Dieckow J, Amparo F, Dana R, Mantelli F, Argüeso P. Alteration of galectin-3 in tears of patients with dry eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 159:1027-1035.e3. [PMID: 25703476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression, release, and proteolytic degradation of galectin-3 in patients with dry eye disease. DESIGN Observational case series with a comparison group. METHODS Tear washes and conjunctival impression cytology specimens were collected through standard procedures from 16 patients with dry eye and 11 age-matched healthy subjects. Galectin-3 content in tears was analyzed by quantitative Western blot, using recombinant galectin-3 protein to generate a calibration curve. The relative expression of galectin-3 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The cleavage of galectin-3 was studied in vitro using activated recombinant MMP9 and protease inhibitors. RESULTS The concentration of galectin-3 protein in tears, but not galectin-3 expression in conjunctival epithelium, was significantly higher in tears of patients with dry eye (0.38 ng/μg total protein, range 0.04-1.36) compared to healthy subjects (0.12 ng/μg total protein, range 0.00-0.41) (P < .01). By Western blot, an intact (∼28.0 kDa) galectin-3 band was identified in tear samples from healthy subjects, whereas 50% of the dry eye samples were characterized by the additional presence of a partially degraded form (∼25.4 kDa). In our experiments, elevated expression of MMP9 in dry eye subjects correlated with the ability of active MMP9 to cleave galectin-3 from recombinant origin. Interestingly, cleavage of endogenous galectin-3 in tear samples was impaired using a broad-spectrum proteinase inhibitor cocktail, but not the pan-specific MMP inhibitor GM6001, suggesting the presence of proteases other than MMPs in promoting galectin-3 degradation in dry eye. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that release of cellular galectin-3 into tears is associated with epithelial dysfunction in dry eye, and that galectin-3 proteolytic cleavage may contribute to impaired ocular surface barrier function.
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34
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Licona-Limón I, Garay-Canales CA, Muñoz-Paleta O, Ortega E. CD13 mediates phagocytosis in human monocytic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:85-98. [PMID: 25934926 PMCID: PMC7167067 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0914-458r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The myelomonocytic marker aminopeptidase N/CD13 is a novel phagocytic receptor in monocytes and macrophages. CD13 is a membrane‐bound ectopeptidase, highly expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CD13 is involved in diverse functions, including degradation of peptide mediators, cellular adhesion, migration, viral endocytosis, signaling, and positive modulation of phagocytosis mediated by FcγRs and other phagocytic receptors. In this work, we explored whether besides acting as an accessory receptor, CD13 by itself is a primary phagocytic receptor. We found that hCD13 mediates efficient phagocytosis of large particles (erythrocytes) modified so as to interact with the cell only through CD13 in human macrophages and THP‐1 monocytic cells. The extent of this phagocytosis is comparable with the phagocytosis mediated through the canonical phagocytic receptor FcγRI. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hCD13 expression in the nonphagocytic cell line HEK293 is sufficient to enable these cells to internalize particles bound through hCD13. CD13‐mediated phagocytosis is independent of other phagocytic receptors, as it occurs in the absence of FcγRs, CR3, and most phagocytic receptors. Phagocytosis through CD13 is independent of its enzymatic activity but is dependent on actin rearrangement and activation of PI3K and is partially dependent on Syk activation. Moreover, the cross‐linking of CD13 with antibodies rapidly induced pSyk in human macrophages. Finally, we observed that antibody‐mediated cross‐linking of hCD13, expressed in the murine macrophage‐like J774 cell line, induces production of ROS. These results demonstrate that CD13 is a fully competent phagocytic receptor capable of mediating internalization of large particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Licona-Limón
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F., México
| | - Claudia A Garay-Canales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F., México
| | - Ofelia Muñoz-Paleta
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F., México
| | - Enrique Ortega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico D.F., México
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Yuan C, Zhang H, Wang W, Li Y, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Transmembrane protein 63A is a partner protein of Haemonchus contortus galectin in the regulation of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:211. [PMID: 25879191 PMCID: PMC4404006 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hco-gal-m and -f were two isoforms of galectin cloned from male and female Haemonchus contortus, respectively, and it was demonstrated that recombinant Hco-gal-m and -f could act as immune suppressors. However, little is known about the receptors or binding partners of these galectins in the host. The research of the molecular mechanisms that govern the interactions between these galectins and host molecules will fill a gap in our understanding how parasite galectins interact with host cells. Methods A yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify the binding partners of Hco-gal-m and -f in this research. The interaction between rHco-gal-m and candidate binding protein was validated by co-immunoprecipitation. The localization of transmembrane protein 63A (TMEM63A) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by immunofluorescence. The distribution of TMEM63A in T cells, B cells and monocytes in PBMCs was detected by flow cytometry. The immunomodulatory effects of Hco-gal-m and TMEM63A on cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, nitric oxide production and cytokine secretion were observed by co-incubation of rHco-gal-m and TMEM63A-siRNA with goat PBMCs and monocytes. Results We found that TMEM63A, a functionally unknown protein, from goat PBMCs could bind to Hco-gal-m and -f. Immunofluorescence showed that TMEM63A was localized to the cell membrane. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TMEM63A was expressed in the majority of goat PBMCs. After using RNA interference to knockdown expression of TMEM63A, the PBMC proliferation and migration were significantly increased, while the influence of rHco-gal-m on monocyte phagocytosis, PBMC nitric oxide production and migration were potently blocked. In addition, the production of IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β induced by rHco-gal-m were also altered. Conclusions Our results show that TMEM63A is a binding partner of Hco-gal-m/f, and involved in the immune responses of host PBMCs induced by Hco-gal-m for the first time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0816-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - RuoFeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - LiXin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - XiaoKai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - XiangRui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Leishmania infantum amastigotes trigger a subpopulation of human B cells with an immunoregulatory phenotype. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003543. [PMID: 25710789 PMCID: PMC4339978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani. This infection is characterized by an uncontrolled parasitization of internal organs which, when left untreated, leads to death. Disease progression is linked with the type of immune response generated and a strong correlation was found between disease progression and serum levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. Other studies have suggested a role for B cells in the pathology of this parasitic infection and the recent identification of a B-cell population in humans with regulatory functions, which secretes large amounts of IL-10 following activation, have sparked our interest in the context of visceral leishmaniasis. We report here that incubation of human B cells with Leishmania infantum amastigotes resulted in upregulation of multiple cell surface activation markers and a dose-dependent secretion of IL-10. Conditioned media from B cells incubated with Leishmania infantum amastigotes were shown to strongly inhibit CD4+ T-cell activation, proliferation and function (i.e. as monitored by TNF and IFNγ secretion). Blockade of IL-10 activity using a soluble IL-10 receptor restored only partially TNF and IFNγ production to control levels. The parasite-mediated IL-10 secretion was shown to rely on the activity of Syk, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and p38, as well as to require intracellular calcium mobilization. Cell sorting experiments allowed us to identify the IL-10-secreting B-cell subset (i.e. CD19+CD24+CD27-). In summary, exposure of human B cells to Leishmania infantum amastigotes triggers B cells with regulatory activities mediated in part by IL-10, which could favor parasite dissemination in the organism. Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and is a significant neglected tropical disease, with 350 million people in 98 countries at risk of developing one of the forms of the disease. Visceral leishmaniasis is characterized by an uncontrolled parasitization of internal organs, which leads to death when left untreated. Disease progression is linked with the type of immune response generated and a strong correlation was found between disease progression and serum levels of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. We demonstrate that a contact between human B cells with Leishmania infantum amastigotes resulted in upregulation of multiple cell surface activation markers and a dose-dependent secretion of IL-10. Conditioned media from B cells incubated with Leishmania infantum amastigotes were shown to strongly inhibit CD4+ T-cell activation, proliferation and function (i.e. TNF and IFNγ production). Blockade of IL-10 activity using a soluble IL-10 receptor restored to some degree TNF and IFNγ secretion. Cell sorting experiments allowed us to identify a major IL-10-secreting B cell subset characterized as CD24+ and CD27-. Exposure of human B cells to Leishmania infantum amastigotes thus triggers B cells with regulatory activities mediated in part by IL-10, which could promote parasite dissemination in the organism.
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Abstract
Recent reports suggest that some galectins bind to enveloped viruses. They include influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), and Nipah virus. It is also suggested that the interaction between viruses and galectins influences viral attachment to their susceptible cells, affecting the viral infectivity. Our work suggests that galectin-1 increases the infectivity of HIV-1 and HTVL-1. Indeed, galectin-1 promotes the initial adsorption of HIV-1 to CD4(+) cells through its binding to viral envelope gp120 and facilitates HIV-1 infection in a manner that is dependent on its recognition of β-galactoside residues. Thus, as galectin-1 can be considered as a pattern recognition receptor, HIV-1 exploits this host factor to promote its transmission or replication. In this chapter, we describe methods used to investigate this potential role of galectins in HIV-1 infection as a case in point for future studies on galectin-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Ouellet
- Laboratory of Human Immuno-Retrovirology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Pineda MA, Corvo L, Soto M, Fresno M, Bonay P. Interactions of human galectins with Trypanosoma cruzi: Binding profile correlate with genetic clustering of lineages. Glycobiology 2014; 25:197-210. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Baum LG, Garner OB, Schaefer K, Lee B. Microbe-Host Interactions are Positively and Negatively Regulated by Galectin-Glycan Interactions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:284. [PMID: 24995007 PMCID: PMC4061488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbe–host interactions are complex processes that are directly and indirectly regulated by a variety of factors, including microbe presentation of specific molecular signatures on the microbial surface, as well as host cell presentation of receptors that recognize these pathogen signatures. Cell surface glycans are one important class of microbial signatures that are recognized by a variety of host cell lectins. Host cell lectins that recognize microbial glycans include members of the galectin family of lectins that recognize specific glycan ligands on viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. In this review, we will discuss the ways that the interactions of microbial glycans with host cell galectins positively and negatively regulate pathogen attachment, invasion, and survival, as well as regulate host responses that mitigate microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda G Baum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Omai B Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Katrin Schaefer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA ; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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Stowell SR, Arthur CM, McBride R, Berger O, Razi N, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Rodrigues LC, Gourdine JP, Noll AJ, von Gunten S, Smith DF, Knirel YA, Paulson JC, Cummings RD. Microbial glycan microarrays define key features of host-microbial interactions. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:470-6. [PMID: 24814672 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genomic approaches continue to provide unprecedented insight into the microbiome, yet host immune interactions with diverse microbiota can be difficult to study. We therefore generated a microbial microarray containing defined antigens isolated from a broad range of microbial flora to examine adaptive and innate immunity. Serological studies with this microarray show that immunoglobulins from multiple mammalian species have unique patterns of reactivity, whereas exposure of animals to distinct microbes induces specific serological recognition. Although adaptive immunity exhibited plasticity toward microbial antigens, immunological tolerance limits reactivity toward self. We discovered that several innate immune galectins show specific recognition of microbes that express self-like antigens, leading to direct killing of a broad range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbes. Thus, host protection against microbes seems to represent a balance between adaptive and innate immunity to defend against evolving antigenic determinants while protecting against molecular mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Stowell
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2]
| | - Connie M Arthur
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2]
| | - Ryan McBride
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [3]
| | - Oren Berger
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nahid Razi
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lilian C Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Gourdine
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander J Noll
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - James C Paulson
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Vega-Carrascal I, Bergin DA, McElvaney OJ, McCarthy C, Banville N, Pohl K, Hirashima M, Kuchroo VK, Reeves EP, McElvaney NG. Galectin-9 signaling through TIM-3 is involved in neutrophil-mediated Gram-negative bacterial killing: an effect abrogated within the cystic fibrosis lung. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2418-31. [PMID: 24477913 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The T cell Ig and mucin domain-containing molecule (TIM) family of receptors have emerged as potential therapeutic targets to correct abnormal immune function in chronic inflammatory conditions. TIM-3 serves as a functional receptor in structural cells of the airways and via the ligand galectin-9 (Gal-9) can modulate the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate TIM-3 expression and function in neutrophils, focusing on its potential role in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Results revealed that TIM-3 mRNA and protein expression values of circulating neutrophils were equal between healthy controls (n = 20) and people with CF (n = 26). TIM-3 was detected on resting neutrophil membranes by FACS analysis, and expression levels significantly increased post IL-8 or TNF-α exposure (p < 0.05). Our data suggest a novel role for TIM-3/Gal-9 signaling involving modulation of cytosolic calcium levels. Via TIM-3 interaction, Gal-9 induced neutrophil degranulation and primed the cell for enhanced NADPH oxidase activity. Killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was significantly increased upon bacterial opsonization with Gal-9 (p < 0.05), an effect abrogated by blockade of TIM-3 receptors. This mechanism appeared to be Gram-negative bacteria specific and mediated via Gal-9/ LPS binding. Additionally, we have demonstrated that neutrophil TIM-3/Gal-9 signaling is perturbed in the CF airways due to proteolytic degradation of the receptor. In conclusion, results suggest a novel neutrophil defect potentially contributing to the defective bacterial clearance observed in the CF airways and suggest that manipulation of the TIM-3 signaling pathway may be of therapeutic value in CF, preferably in conjunction with antiprotease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Vega-Carrascal
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Mishra BB, Li Q, Steichen AL, Binstock BJ, Metzger DW, Teale JM, Sharma J. Galectin-3 functions as an alarmin: pathogenic role for sepsis development in murine respiratory tularemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59616. [PMID: 23527230 PMCID: PMC3603908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex immune disorder with a mortality rate of 20–50% and currently has no therapeutic interventions. It is thus critical to identify and characterize molecules/factors responsible for its development. We have recently shown that pulmonary infection with Francisella results in sepsis development. As extensive cell death is a prominent feature of sepsis, we hypothesized that host endogenous molecules called alarmins released from dead or dying host cells cause a hyperinflammatory response culminating in sepsis development. In the current study we investigated the role of galectin-3, a mammalian β-galactoside binding lectin, as an alarmin in sepsis development during F. novicida infection. We observed an upregulated expression and extracellular release of galectin-3 in the lungs of mice undergoing lethal pulmonary infection with virulent strain of F. novicida but not in those infected with a non-lethal, attenuated strain of the bacteria. In comparison with their wild-type C57Bl/6 counterparts, F. novicida infected galectin-3 deficient (galectin-3−/−) mice demonstrated significantly reduced leukocyte infiltration, particularly neutrophils in their lungs. They also exhibited a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokines, vascular injury markers, and neutrophil-associated inflammatory mediators. Concomitantly, in-vitro pre-treatment of primary neutrophils and macrophages with recombinant galectin-3 augmented F. novicida-induced activation of these cells. Correlating with the reduced inflammatory response, F. novicida infected galectin-3−/− mice exhibited improved lung architecture with reduced cell death and improved survival over wild-type mice, despite similar bacterial burden. Collectively, these findings suggest that galectin-3 functions as an alarmin by augmenting the inflammatory response in sepsis development during pulmonary F. novicida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti B. Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Qun Li
- South Texas Center for Emerging Diseases and Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony L. Steichen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Brandilyn J. Binstock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | | | - Judy M. Teale
- South Texas Center for Emerging Diseases and Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jyotika Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bhaumik P, St-Pierre G, Milot V, St-Pierre C, Sato S. Galectin-3 Facilitates Neutrophil Recruitment as an Innate Immune Response to a Parasitic Protozoa Cutaneous Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:630-40. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Radosavljevic G, Volarevic V, Jovanovic I, Milovanovic M, Pejnovic N, Arsenijevic N, Hsu DK, Lukic ML. The roles of Galectin-3 in autoimmunity and tumor progression. Immunol Res 2012; 52:100-10. [PMID: 22418727 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3, a unique chimera-type member of the β-galactoside-binding soluble lectin family, is widely expressed in numerous cells. Here, we discuss the role of Galectin-3 in T-cell-mediated inflammatory (auto) immunity and tumor rejection by using Galectin-3-deficient mice and four disease models of human pathology: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), Con-A-induced hepatitis, multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes (MLD-STZ diabetes) and metastatic melanoma. We present evidence which suggest that Galectin-3 plays an important pro-inflammatory role in Con-A-induced hepatitis by promoting the activation of T lymphocytes, NKT cells and DCs, cytokine secretion, prevention of M2 macrophage polarization and apoptosis of mononuclear cells, and it leads to severe liver injury. In addition, experiments in Galectin-3-"knock-out" mice indicate that Galectin-3 is also involved in immune-mediated β-cell damage and is required for diabetogenesis in MLD-STZ model by promoting the expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-17 and iNOS in immune and accessory effector cells. Next, our data demonstrated that Galectin-3 plays an important disease-exacerbating role in EAE through its multifunctional roles in preventing cell apoptosis and increasing IL-17 and IFN-gamma synthesis, but decreasing IL-10 production. Finally, based on our findings, we postulated that expression of Galectin-3 in the host may also facilitate melanoma metastasis by affecting tumor cell adhesion and modulating anti-melanoma immune response, in particular innate antitumor immunity. Taken together, we discuss the evidence of pro-inflammatory and antitumor activities of Galectin-3 and suggest that Galectin-3 may be an important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Radosavljevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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TOSCANO MA, TONGREN JE, De SOUZA JB, LIU FT, RILEY EM, RABINOVICH GA. Endogenous galectin-3 controls experimental malaria in a species-specific manner. Parasite Immunol 2012; 34:383-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2012.01366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sato S, Ouellet M, St-Pierre C, Tremblay MJ. Glycans, galectins, and HIV-1 infection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:133-48. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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47
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Galectin-3 genetic variants are associated with platinum-based chemotherapy response and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:175-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Balan V, Nangia-Makker P, Kho DH, Wang Y, Raz A. Tyrosine-phosphorylated galectin-3 protein is resistant to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) cleavage. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:5192-8. [PMID: 22232548 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c111.331686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a chimeric carbohydrate-binding protein, which interacts with cell surface carbohydrate-containing molecules and extracellular matrix glycoproteins and has been implicated in various biological processes such as cell growth, angiogenesis, motility, and metastasis. It is expressed in a wide range of tumor cells and is associated with tumor progression. The functions of galectin-3 are dependent on its localization and post-translational modifications such as cleavage and phosphorylation. Recently, we showed that galectin-3 Tyr-107 is phosphorylated by c-Abl; concomitantly, it was also shown that galectin-3 can be cleaved at this site by prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, after Tyr-107, resulting in loss of galectin-3 multivalency while preserving its carbohydrate binding activity. Galectin-3 is largely a monomer in solution but may form a homodimer by self-association through its carbohydrate recognition domain, whereas, in the presence of a ligand, galectin-3 polymerizes up to pentamers utilizing its N-terminal domain. Oligomerization is a unique feature of secreted galectin-3, which allows its function by forming ordered galectin-glycan structures, i.e. lattices, on the cell surface or through direct engagement of specific cell surface glycoconjugates by traditional ligand-receptor binding. We questioned whether Tyr-107 phosphorylation by c-Abl affects galectin-3 cleavage by PSA. The data suggest a role for galectin-3 in prostate cells associated with increased activity of c-Abl kinase and loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) activity. In addition, the ratio of phosphorylated/dephosphorylated galectin-3 might be used as a complementary value to that of PSA for prognosis of prostate cancer and a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Balan
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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Galectin-1-specific inhibitors as a new class of compounds to treat HIV-1 infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 56:154-62. [PMID: 22064534 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05595-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant improvements, antiretroviral therapies against HIV-1 are plagued by a high frequency of therapeutic failures that have been associated with acquisition of drug resistance. We recently reported that HIV-1 exploits a host glycan binding protein, galectin-1, to increase its attachment to host cells, thereby increasing its overall infectivity in susceptible cells. This finding suggests that host molecules such as galectin-1 could reduce the expected efficiency of HIV-1 drugs targeting early steps of the replicative cycle, such as attachment and entry processes. Thus, new classes of drugs that would interfere with galectin-1/HIV-1 interactions could benefit the current antiretroviral therapy. To further explore this possibility, experiments were conducted to discover leading compounds showing specific inhibition of galectin-1 activity in a cellular model of HIV-1 infection. Three lactoside compounds were found to modestly inhibit the interaction of galectin-1 with primary human CD4(+) T cells. Interestingly, these same inhibitors reduced the galectin-1-mediated increase in HIV-1 attachment to target cells in a much more efficient manner. More important, the tested lactoside derivatives also significantly decreased the galectin-1-dependent enhancement of HIV-1 infection. These observations deserve further attention when considering that the development of new drugs to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection remains a priority.
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Host-soluble galectin-1 promotes HIV-1 replication through a direct interaction with glycans of viral gp120 and host CD4. J Virol 2011; 85:11742-51. [PMID: 21880749 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05351-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual transmission of HIV-1 requires virus adsorption to a target cell, typically a CD4(+) T lymphocyte residing in the lamina propria, beneath the epithelium. To escape the mucosal clearance system and reach its target cells, HIV-1 has evolved strategies to circumvent deleterious host factors. Galectin-1, a soluble lectin found in the underlayers of the epithelium, increases HIV-1 infectivity by accelerating its binding to susceptible cells. By comparison, galectin-3, a family member expressed by epithelial cells and part of the mucosal clearance system, does not perform similarly. We show here that galectin-1 directly binds to HIV-1 in a β-galactoside-dependent fashion through recognition of clusters of N-linked glycans on the viral envelope gp120. Unexpectedly, this preferential binding of galectin-1 does not rely on the primary sequence of any particular glycans. Instead, glycan clustering arising from the tertiary structure of gp120 hinders its binding by galectin-3. Increased polyvalency of a specific ligand epitope is a common strategy for glycans to increase their avidity for lectins. In this peculiar occurrence, glycan clustering is instead exploited to prevent binding of gp120 by galectin-3, which would lead to a biological dead-end for the virus. Our data also suggest that galectin-1 binds preferentially to CD4, the host receptor for gp120. Together, these results suggest that HIV-1 exploits galectin-1 to enhance gp120-CD4 interactions, thereby promoting virus attachment and infection events. Since viral adhesion is a rate-limiting step for HIV-1 entry, modulation of the gp120 interaction with galectin-1 could thus represent a novel approach for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission.
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