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Pereira-Dias L, Oliveira-Pinto PR, Fernandes JO, Regalado L, Mendes R, Teixeira C, Mariz-Ponte N, Gomes P, Santos C. Peptaibiotics: Harnessing the potential of microbial secondary metabolites for mitigation of plant pathogens. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108223. [PMID: 37536466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural systems are in need of low-cost, safe antibiotics to protect crops from pests and diseases. Peptaibiotics, a family of linear, membrane-active, amphipathic polypeptides, have been shown to exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity, and to be inducers of plant resistance against a wide range of phytopathogens. Peptaibiotics belong to the new generation of alternatives to agrochemicals, aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the One Health approach toward ensuring global food security and safety. Despite that, these fungi-derived, non-ribosomal peptides remain surprisingly understudied, especially in agriculture, where only a small number has been tested against a reduced number of phytopathogens. This lack of adoption stems from peptaibiotics' poor water solubility and the difficulty to synthesize and purify them in vitro, which compromises their delivery and inclusion in formulations. In this review, we offer a comprehensive analysis of peptaibiotics' classification, biosynthesis, relevance to plant protection, and mode of action against phytopathogens, along with the techniques enabling researchers to extract, purify, and elucidate their structure, and the databases holding such valuable data. It is also discussed how chemical synthesis and ionic liquids could increase their solubility, how genetic engineering and epigenetics could boost in vitro production, and how omics can reduce screenings' workload through in silico selection of the best candidates. These strategies could turn peptaibiotics into effective, ultra-specific, biodegradable tools for phytopathogen control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Pereira-Dias
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paulo R Oliveira-Pinto
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Juliana O Fernandes
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Regalado
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael Mendes
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- iB(2) Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Han W, Wu Z, Zhong Z, Williams J, Jacobsen SE, Sun Z, Tang Y. Assessing the Biosynthetic Inventory of the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum T22. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37471583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural products biosynthesized from biocontrol fungi in the rhizosphere can have both beneficial and deleterious effects on plants. Herein, we performed a comprehensive analysis of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from the widely used biocontrol fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 (ThT22). This fungus encodes at least 64 BGCs, yet only seven compounds and four BGCs were previously characterized or mined. We correlated 21 BGCs of ThT22 with known primary and secondary metabolites through homologous BGC comparison and characterized one unknown BGC involved in the biosynthesis of eujavanicol A using heterologous expression. In addition, we performed untargeted transcriptomics and metabolic analysis to demonstrate the activation of silent ThT22 BGCs via the "one strain many compound" (OSMAC) approach. Collectively, our analysis showcases the biosynthetic capacity of ThT22 and paves the way for fully exploring the roles of natural products of ThT22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhongshou Wu
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven E Jacobsen
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zuodong Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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3
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Cha L, Paris JC, Zanella B, Spletzer M, Yao A, Guo Y, Chang WC. Mechanistic Studies of Aziridine Formation Catalyzed by Mononuclear Non-Heme Iron Enzymes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6240-6246. [PMID: 36913534 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Aziridines are compounds with a nitrogen-containing three-membered ring. When it is incorporated into natural products, the reactivity of the strained ring often drives the biological activities of aziridines. Despite its importance, the enzymes and biosynthetic strategies deployed to install this reactive moiety remain understudied. Herein, we report the use of in silico methods to identify enzymes with potential aziridine-installing (aziridinase) functionality. To validate candidates, we reconstitute enzymatic activity in vitro and demonstrate that an iron(IV)-oxo species initiates aziridine ring closure by the C-H bond cleavage. Furthermore, we divert the reaction pathway from aziridination to hydroxylation using mechanistic probes. This observation, isotope tracing experiments using H218O and 18O2, and quantitative product analysis, provide evidence for the polar capture of a carbocation species by the amine in the pathway to aziridine installation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lide Cha
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jared C Paris
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Brady Zanella
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Martha Spletzer
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Angela Yao
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Wei-Chen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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4
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Taugt17b1 Overexpression in Trichoderma atroviride Enhances Its Ability to Colonize Roots and Induce Systemic Defense of Plants. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020264. [PMID: 36839536 PMCID: PMC9959489 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma atroviride, a soil fungus, has important applications in the biocontrol of plant diseases. Glycosyltransferases enhance the root colonization ability of Trichoderma spp. This study aimed to functionally characterize glycosyltransferase Taugt17b1 in T. atroviride. We investigated the effect of Taugt17b1 overexpression in T. atroviride H18-1-1 on its biocontrol properties, especially its ability to colonize roots. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of the Taugt17b1 increases the T. atroviride colony growth rate, improves its root colonization ability, promotes the growth and activity of the defensive enzymatic system of plants, and prevents plant diseases. This study put forth a new role of T. atroviride glycosyltransferase and furthered the understanding of the mechanisms by which fungal biocontrol agents exert their effect.
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5
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Ushimaru R, Abe I. Unusual Dioxygen-Dependent Reactions Catalyzed by Nonheme Iron Enzymes in Natural Product Biosynthesis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richiro Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- ACT-X, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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6
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Zhang YQ, Zhang S, Sun ML, Su HN, Li HY, Kun-Liu, Zhang YZ, Chen XL, Cao HY, Song XY. Antibacterial activity of peptaibols from Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2 against gram-negative Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight on rice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1034779. [PMID: 36304956 PMCID: PMC9595671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1034779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial leaf blight caused by Gram-negative pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases on rice. Due to the resistance, toxicity and environmental issues of chemical bactericides, new biological strategies are still in need. Although peptaibols produced by Trichoderma spp. can inhibit the growth of several Gram-positive bacteria and plant fungal pathogens, it still remains unclear whether peptaibols have anti-Xoo activity to control bacterial leaf blight on rice. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of Trichokonins A (TKA), peptaibols produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2, against Xoo. The in vitro antibacterial activity analysis showed that the growth of Xoo was significantly inhibited by TKA, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 54 μg/mL and that the three TKs in TKA all had remarkable anti-Xoo activity. Further inhibitory mechanism analyses revealed that TKA treatments resulted in the damage of Xoo cell morphology and the release of intracellular substances, such as proteins and nucleic acids, from Xoo cells, suggesting the damage of the permeability of Xoo cell membrane by TKA. Pathogenicity analyses showed that the lesion length on rice leaf was significantly reduced by 82.2% when treated with 27 μg/mL TKA. This study represents the first report of the antibacterial activity of peptaibols against a Gram-negative bacterium. Thus, TKA can be of a promising agent in controlling bacterial leaf blight on rice.
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7
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Tehan R, Blount RR, Goold RL, Mattos DR, Spatafora NR, Tabima JF, Gazis R, Wang C, Ishmael JE, Spatafora JW, McPhail KL. Tolypocladamide H and the Proposed Tolypocladamide NRPS in Tolypocladium Species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1363-1373. [PMID: 35500108 PMCID: PMC9150700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The genome of entomopathogenic fungus Tolypocladium inflatum Gams encodes 43 putative biosynthetic gene clusters for specialized metabolites, although genotype-phenotype linkages have been reported only for the cyclosporins and fumonisins. T. inflatum was cultured in defined minimal media, supplemented with or without one of nine different amino acids. Acquisition of LC-MS/MS data for molecular networking and manual analysis facilitated annotation of putative known and unknown metabolites. These data led us to target a family of peptaibols and guided the isolation and purification of tolypocladamide H (1), which showed modest antibacterial activity and toxicity to mammalian cells at micromolar concentrations. HRMS/MS, NMR, and advanced Marfey's analysis were used to assign the structure of 1 as a peptaibol containing 4-[(E)-2-butenyl]-4-methyl-l-threonine (Bmt), a hallmark structural motif of the cyclosporins. LC-MS detection of homologous tolypocladamide metabolites and phylogenomic analyses of peptaibol biosynthetic genes in other cultured Tolypocladium species allowed assignment of a putative tolypocladamide nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard
M. Tehan
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Rheannon R. Blount
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ryan L. Goold
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Daphne R. Mattos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Nicolas R. Spatafora
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Javier F. Tabima
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Department
of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Romina Gazis
- Department
of Plant Pathology, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, Florida 33031, United States
| | - Chengshu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center
for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of
Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jane E. Ishmael
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Joseph W. Spatafora
- Department
of Botany and Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Tel: +1 541 737 8134. E-mail:
| | - Kerry L. McPhail
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Tel: +1 541 737 5808. E-mail:
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8
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Xiao D, Zhang M, Wu P, Li T, Li W, Zhang L, Yue Q, Chen X, Wei X, Xu Y, Wang C. Halovirs I–K, antibacterial and cytotoxic lipopeptaibols from the plant pathogenic fungus Paramyrothecium roridum NRRL 2183. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:247-257. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macías-Rodríguez L, Larsen J. The Role of Secondary Metabolites in Rhizosphere Competence of Trichoderma. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Industrially Important Genes from Trichoderma. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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González Y, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Castro-Longoria E. Trichoderma Secondary Metabolites Involved in Microbial Inhibition. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Trichoderma and Its Products From Laboratory to Patient Bedside in Medical Science: An Emerging Aspect. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Sarrocco S, Vicente I, Staropoli A, Vinale F. Genes Involved in the Secondary Metabolism of Trichoderma and the Biochemistry of These Compounds. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Bunno R, Awakawa T, Mori T, Abe I. Aziridine Formation by a Fe II /α-Ketoglutarate Dependent Oxygenase and 2-Aminoisobutyrate Biosynthesis in Fungi. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15827-15831. [PMID: 33973699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aziridine is a characteristically reactive molecule with increased bioactivity due to its strained ring structure. Here, we investigated the biosynthesis of 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) in Penicillium, and successfully reconstituted the three-step biosynthesis from L-Val to AIB in vitro. This previously unknown aziridine formation pathway proceeded with the non-heme iron and α-ketoglutarate-dependent (FeII /αKG) oxygenase TqaL, followed by aziridine ring opening by the haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase (HAD)-type hydrolase TqaF, and subsequent oxidative decarboxylation by the NovR/CloR-like non-heme iron oxygenase TqaM. Furthermore, the X-ray crystal structure of the C-N bond forming FeII /αKG oxygenase TqaL was solved at 2.0 Å resolution. This work presents the first molecular basis for aziridine biogenesis, thereby expanding the catalytic repertoire of the FeII /αKG oxygenases. We also report the unique aziridine ring opening by a HAD-type hydrolase and the remarkable oxidative decarboxylation by a non-heme iron oxygenase to produce AIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reito Bunno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.,PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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15
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Bunno R, Awakawa T, Mori T, Abe I. Aziridine Formation by a Fe
II
/α‐Ketoglutarate Dependent Oxygenase and 2‐Aminoisobutyrate Biosynthesis in Fungi. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reito Bunno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
- PRESTO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of Tokyo Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
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16
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Rawa MSA, Nogawa T, Okano A, Futamura Y, Wahab HA, Osada H. Zealpeptaibolin, an 11-mer cytotoxic peptaibol group with 3 Aib-Pro motifs isolated from Trichoderma sp. RK10-F026. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:485-495. [PMID: 34163024 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Six new 11-mer peptaibols designed as zealpeptaibolins, A - F were isolated from the soil fungus, Trichoderma sp. RK10-F026, based on the principal component analysis of the MS data from five different culture compositions. Previously, 20-mer peptaibols from the same fungal strain were identified; 11-mer peptaibols in contrast were discovered from a different culture condition, signifying peptaibol production was culture condition-dependent. These peptaibols contained three Aib-Pro motifs in the sequence. The structures were established by NMR and HR-MS experiments including detailed MS/MS fragmentations. The absolute configurations were determined by Marfey's analysis. Zealpeptaibolin F exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity toward K562 leukemia cells with an IC50 value of 0.91 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Okano
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yushi Futamura
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Habibah A Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan.
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17
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Role of Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent (BCA) of phytoparasitic nematodes and plant growth inducer. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 183:107626. [PMID: 34081963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nematodes as plant pathogens adversely affect food, fiber, and biofuels production by causing plant diseases. A variety of chemical nematicides are being applied to soil, seeds, or foliage with a goal of disease prevention. Despite the proven efficacy of these chemicals against plant-parasitic nematodes, factors like prolonged residual toxicity to human health, environmental pollution, and the risk of resistance development can't be neglected. Due to these reasons, many chemicals are being banned continuously or delimited in the crop production system. Alternatively, the need for long-term strategies and integrative approaches to control plant diseases is inevitable. Trichoderma spp. are widely used in agriculture as biological control agents (BCA). To our knowledge, either very little or no information available on the most recent developments regarding Trichoderma-mediated biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. This review summarizes the recent advances in using Trichoderma as BCA and plant growth regulator with a special focus on plant-parasitic nematodes.
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18
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van Bohemen AI, Ruiz N, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Michaud A, Robiou du Pont T, Druzhinina I, Atanasova L, Prado S, Bodo B, Meslet-Cladiere L, Cochereau B, Bastide F, Maslard C, Marchi M, Guillemette T, Pouchus YF. Pentadecaibins I-V: 15-Residue Peptaibols Produced by a Marine-Derived Trichoderma sp. of the Harzianum Clade. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1271-1282. [PMID: 33600182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the course of investigations on peptaibol chemodiversity from marine-derived Trichoderma spp., five new 15-residue peptaibols named pentadecaibins I-V (1-5) were isolated from the solid culture of the strain Trichoderma sp. MMS1255 belonging to the T. harzianum species complex. Phylogenetic analyses allowed precise positioning of the strain close to T. lentiforme lineage inside the Harzianum clade. Peptaibol sequences were elucidated on the basis of their MS/MS fragmentation and extensive 2D NMR experiments. Amino acid configurations were determined by Marfey's analyses. The pentadecaibins are based on the sequences Ac-Aib1-Gly2-Ala3-Leu4-Aib/Iva5-Gln6-Aib/Iva7-Val/Leu8-Aib9-Ala10-Aib11-Aib12-Aib13-Gln14-Pheol15. Characteristic of the pentadecaibin sequences is the lack of the Aib-Pro motif commonly present in peptaibols produced by Trichoderma spp. Genome sequencing of Trichoderma sp. MMS1255 allowed the detection of a 15-module NRPS-encoding gene closely associated with pentadecaibin biosynthesis. Pentadecaibins were assessed for their potential antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Ruiz
- Université de Nantes, MMS - EA2160, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Aurore Michaud
- Université de Nantes, MMS - EA2160, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Irina Druzhinina
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Lea Atanasova
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences - BOKU, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Soizic Prado
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, UMR 7245, CP 54, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Bodo
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes, UMR 7245, CP 54, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Meslet-Cladiere
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Bastien Cochereau
- Université de Nantes, MMS - EA2160, 44000 Nantes, France
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Franck Bastide
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Corentin Maslard
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Muriel Marchi
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Thomas Guillemette
- IRHS-UMR1345, Université d'Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071 Beaucouzé, France
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19
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Bhattarai K, Bhattarai K, Kabir ME, Bastola R, Baral B. Fungal natural products galaxy: Biochemistry and molecular genetics toward blockbuster drugs discovery. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 107:193-284. [PMID: 33641747 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites synthesized by fungi have become a precious source of inspiration for the design of novel drugs. Indeed, fungi are prolific producers of fascinating, diverse, structurally complex, and low-molecular-mass natural products with high therapeutic leads, such as novel antimicrobial compounds, anticancer compounds, immunosuppressive agents, among others. Given that these microorganisms possess the extraordinary capacity to secrete diverse chemical scaffolds, they have been highly exploited by the giant pharma companies to generate small molecules. This has been made possible because the isolation of metabolites from fungal natural sources is feasible and surpasses the organic synthesis of compounds, which otherwise remains a significant bottleneck in the drug discovery process. Here in this comprehensive review, we have discussed recent studies on different fungi (pathogenic, non-pathogenic, commensal, and endophytic/symbiotic) from different habitats (terrestrial and marines), the specialized metabolites they biosynthesize, and the drugs derived from these specialized metabolites. Moreover, we have unveiled the logic behind the biosynthesis of vital chemical scaffolds, such as NRPS, PKS, PKS-NRPS hybrid, RiPPS, terpenoids, indole alkaloids, and their genetic mechanisms. Besides, we have provided a glimpse of the concept behind mycotoxins, virulence factor, and host immune response based on fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Bhattarai
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Keshab Bhattarai
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Md Ehsanul Kabir
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rina Bastola
- Spinal Cord Injury Association-Nepal (SCIAN), Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bikash Baral
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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20
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Deciphering Trichoderma-Plant-Pathogen Interactions for Better Development of Biocontrol Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010061. [PMID: 33477406 PMCID: PMC7830842 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the fungal genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) are ubiquitous and commonly encountered as soil inhabitants, plant symbionts, saprotrophs, and mycoparasites. Certain species have been used to control diverse plant diseases and mitigate negative growth conditions. The versatility of Trichoderma’s interactions mainly relies on their ability to engage in inter- and cross-kingdom interactions. Although Trichoderma is by far the most extensively studied fungal biocontrol agent (BCA), with a few species already having been commercialized as bio-pesticides or bio-fertilizers, their wide application has been hampered by an unpredictable efficacy under field conditions. Deciphering the dialogues within and across Trichoderma ecological interactions by identification of involved effectors and their underlying effect is of great value in order to be able to eventually harness Trichoderma’s full potential for plant growth promotion and protection. In this review, we focus on the nature of Trichoderma interactions with plants and pathogens. Better understanding how Trichoderma interacts with plants, other microorganisms, and the environment is essential for developing and deploying Trichoderma-based strategies that increase crop production and protection.
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21
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Moreno-Ruiz D, Lichius A, Turrà D, Di Pietro A, Zeilinger S. Chemotropism Assays for Plant Symbiosis and Mycoparasitism Related Compound Screening in Trichoderma atroviride. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:601251. [PMID: 33329491 PMCID: PMC7729004 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.601251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma atroviride is a mycoparasitic fungus used as biological control agent to protect plants against fungal pathogens. Successful biocontrol is based on the perception of signals derived from both the plant symbiont and the fungal prey. Here, we applied three different chemotropic assays to study the chemosensing capacity of T. atroviride toward compounds known or suspected to play a role in the mycoparasite/plant or host/prey fungal interactions and to cover the complete spectrum of T. atroviride developmental stages. Purified compounds, including nutrients, the fungal secondary metabolite 6-amyl-α-pyrone (6-pentyl-α-pyrone, 6-PP) and the plant oxylipin 13-(s)-HODE, as well as culture supernatants derived from fungal preys, including Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum, were used to evaluate chemotropic responses of conidial germlings, microcolonies and fully differentiated mycelia. Our results show that germlings respond preferentially to compounds secreted by plant roots and T. atroviride itself than to compounds secreted by prey fungi. With the progression of colony development, host plant cues and self-generated signaling compounds remained the strongest chemoattractants. Nevertheless, mature hyphae responded differentially to certain prey-derived signals. Depending on the fungal prey species, chemotropic responses resulted in either increased or decreased directional colony extension and hyphal density at the colony periphery closest to the test compound source. Together these findings suggest that chemotropic sensing during germling development is focused on plant association and colony network formation, while fungal prey recognition develops later in mature hyphae of fully differentiated mycelium. Furthermore, the morphological alterations of T. atroviride in response to plant host and fungal prey compounds suggest the presence of both positive and negative chemotropism. The presented assays will be useful for screening of candidate compounds, and for evaluating their impact on the developmental spectrum of T. atroviride and other related species alike. Conidial germlings proved particularly useful for simple and rapid compound screening, whereas more elaborate microscopic analysis of microcolonies and fully differentiated mycelia was essential to understand process-specific responses, such as plant symbiosis and biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Lichius
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Turrà
- Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Susanne Zeilinger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Iqbal M, Broberg M, Haarith D, Broberg A, Bushley KE, Brandström Durling M, Viketoft M, Funck Jensen D, Dubey M, Karlsson M. Natural variation of root lesion nematode antagonism in the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea and identification of biocontrol factors through genome-wide association mapping. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2264-2283. [PMID: 33005223 PMCID: PMC7513725 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological control is a promising approach to reduce plant diseases caused by nematodes to ensure high productivity in agricultural production. Large-scale analyses of genetic variation in fungal species used for biocontrol can generate knowledge regarding interaction mechanisms that can improve efficacy of biocontrol applications. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for in vitro antagonism against the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans in 53 previously genome re-sequenced strains of the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea. Nematode mortality in C. rosea potato dextrose broth (PDB) culture filtrates was highly variable and showed continuous variation (p < .001) between strains, indicating a polygenic inheritance. Twenty-one strains produced culture filtrates with higher (p ≤ .05) nematode mortality compared with the PDB control treatment, while ten strains lowered (p ≤ .05) the mortality. The difference in in vitro antagonism against P. penetrans correlated with antagonism against the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines, indicating lack of host specificity in C. rosea. An empirical Bayesian multiple hypothesis testing approach identified 279 single nucleotide polymorphism markers significantly (local false sign rate < 10-10) associated with the trait. Genes present in the genomic regions associated with nematicidal activity included several membrane transporters, a chitinase and genes encoding proteins predicted to biosynthesize secondary metabolites. Gene deletion strains of the predicted nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes nps4 and nps5 were generated and showed increased (p ≤ .001) fungal growth and conidiation rates compared to the wild type. Deletion strains also exhibited reduced (p < .001) nematicidal activity and reduced (p ≤ .05) biocontrol efficacy against nematode root disease and against fusarium foot rot on wheat. In summary, we show that the GWAS approach can be used to identify biocontrol factors in C. rosea, specifically the putative nonribosomal peptide synthetases NPS4 and NPS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Iqbal
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Martin Broberg
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Deepak Haarith
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Anders Broberg
- Department of Molecular Sciences Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Kathryn E Bushley
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Mikael Brandström Durling
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Maria Viketoft
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Dan Funck Jensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mukesh Dubey
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Uppsala BioCenter Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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23
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Song YP, Shi XS, Wang BG, Ji NY. Cadinane and carotane derivatives from the marine algicolous fungus Trichoderma virens RR-dl-6-8. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104715. [PMID: 32861754 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Eight cadinane derivatives, trichocadinins H - N (1-7) and methylhydroheptelidate (8), and two carotane derivatives, 14-O-methyltrichocarotin G (9) and 14-O-methyl CAF-603 (10), including eight new ones (1-6, 9, and 10), were isolated from the culture of Trichoderma virens RR-dl-6-8 obtained from the organohalogen-enriched marine red alga Rhodomela confervoides. Their structures and relative configurations were established by analysis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were assigned on the basis of ECD curves, highlighted by the ECD diversity of carboxylic acid derivatives. Among the isolates, 1 with a halogen atom and 8, a new naturally occurring compound, are 2,3-seco-cadinane sesquiterpenes, and the epimeric 2 and 3 feature a 2-nor-cadinane skeleton. A commercially-sourced compound with the same planar structure as that of 7 has been reported in a patent, but its configuration was not given. Compounds 1-10 exhibited growth inhibition of some marine phytoplankton species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ping Song
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Shi
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology of the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology at the Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bin-Gui Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology of the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology at the Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nai-Yun Ji
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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24
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Shi JC, Shi WL, Zhou YR, Chen XL, Zhang YZ, Zhang X, Zhang WX, Song XY. The Putative Methyltransferase TlLAE1 Is Involved in the Regulation of Peptaibols Production in the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1267. [PMID: 32612590 PMCID: PMC7307461 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2 secretes a large quantity of peptaibols that have been shown to have a range of biological activities and therefore great application values. However, the mechanism of the regulatory expression of peptaibols is still unclear. The putative methyltransferase LaeA/LAE1 is a global regulator involved in the biosynthesis of some secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi. In this study, we demonstrated that the ortholog of LaeA/LAE1 in the biocontrol fungus T. longibrachiatum SMF2, TlLAE1, plays an important role in the regulation of peptaibols production. Deletion of Tllae1 resulted in a slight negative impact on mycelial growth, and a significant defect in conidial production. Deletion of Tllae1 also compromised the production of peptaibols to a large degree. Further analyses indicated that this defect occurred at the transcriptional level of the two synthetases-encoding genes, tlx1 and tlx2, which are responsible for peptaibols production. By contrast, constitutive expression of Tllae1 in T. longibrachiatum SMF2 led to 2-fold increased peptaibols production, suggesting that this is a strategy to improve peptaibols production in Trichoderma fungi. These results demonstrate the important role of LAE1 in the regulation of peptaibols production in T. longibrachiatum SMF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Ling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Qingdao Vland Biotech Inc., Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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25
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Pachauri S, Sherkhane PD, Kumar V, Mukherjee PK. Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Major Deletions in the Genome of M7, a Gamma Ray-Induced Mutant of Trichoderma virens That Is Repressed in Conidiation, Secondary Metabolism, and Mycoparasitism. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1030. [PMID: 32595612 PMCID: PMC7303927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma virens is a commercial biofungicide used in agriculture. We have earlier isolated a mutant of T. virens using gamma ray-induced mutagenesis. This mutant, designated as M7, is defective in morphogenesis, secondary metabolism, and mycoparasitism. The mutant does not produce conidia, and the colony is hydrophilic. M7 cannot utilize cellulose and chitin as a sole carbon source and is unable to parasitize the plant pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum in confrontation assay. Several volatile (germacrenes, beta-caryophyllene, alloaromadendrene, gamma-muurolene) and non-volatile (viridin, viridiol, gliovirin, heptelidic acid) metabolites are not detected in M7. In transcriptome analysis, many genes related to secondary metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, hydrophobicity, and transportation, among others, were found to be downregulated in the mutant. Using whole genome sequencing, we identified five deletions in the mutant genome, totaling about 250 kb (encompassing 71 predicted ORFs), which was confirmed by PCR. This study provides novel insight into genetics of morphogenesis, secondary metabolism, and mycoparasitism and eventually could lead to the identification of novel regulators of beneficial traits in plant beneficial fungi Trichoderma spp. We also suggest that this mutant can be developed as a microbial cell factory for the production of secondary metabolites and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Pachauri
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod D Sherkhane
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasun K Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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26
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Khan RAA, Najeeb S, Hussain S, Xie B, Li Y. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E817. [PMID: 32486107 PMCID: PMC7356054 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi, causing significant economic and production losses, are becoming a serious threat to global food security. Due to an increase in fungal resistance and the hazardous effects of chemical fungicides to human and environmental health, scientists are now engaged to explore alternate non-chemical and ecofriendly management strategies. The use of biocontrol agents and their secondary metabolites (SMs) is one of the potential approaches used today. Trichoderma spp. are well known biocontrol agents used globally. Many Trichoderma species are the most prominent producers of SMs with antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi. Detailed information about these secondary metabolites, when grouped together, enhances the understanding of their efficient utilization and further exploration of new bioactive compounds for the management of plant pathogenic fungi. The current literature provides the information about SMs of Trichoderma spp. in a different context. In this review, we summarize and group different antifungal SMs of Trichoderma spp. against phytopathogenic fungi along with a comprehensive overview of some aspects related to their chemistry and biosynthesis. Moreover, a brief overview of the biosynthesis pathway, action mechanism, and different approaches for the analysis of SMs and the factors affecting the regulation of SMs in Trichoderma is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Asad Ali Khan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (Plant Pathology Lab), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.A.A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Saba Najeeb
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (Plant Pathology Lab), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.A.A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Shaukat Hussain
- Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan;
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (Plant Pathology Lab), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.A.A.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers (Plant Pathology Lab), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (R.A.A.K.); (S.N.)
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27
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Niu X, Thaochan N, Hu Q. Diversity of Linear Non-Ribosomal Peptide in Biocontrol Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E61. [PMID: 32408496 PMCID: PMC7345191 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocontrol fungi (BFs) play a key role in regulation of pest populations. BFs produce multiple non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) and other secondary metabolites that interact with pests, plants and microorganisms. NRPs-including linear and cyclic peptides (L-NRPs and C-NRPs)-are small peptides frequently containing special amino acids and other organic acids. They are biosynthesized in fungi through non-ribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs). Compared with C-NRPs, L-NRPs have simpler structures, with only a linear chain and biosynthesis without cyclization. BFs mainly include entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, that are used to control insect pests and phytopathogens in fields, respectively. NRPs play an important role of in the interactions of BFs with insects or phytopathogens. On the other hand, the residues of NRPs may contaminate food through BFs activities in the environment. In recent decades, C-NRPs in BFs have been thoroughly reviewed. However, L-NRPs are rarely investigated. In order to better understand the species and potential problems of L-NRPs in BFs, this review lists the L-NRPs from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, summarizes their sources, structures, activities and biosynthesis, and details risks and utilization prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Narit Thaochan
- Pest Management Biotechnology and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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28
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Changes in Peptaibol Production of Trichoderma Species during In Vitro Antagonistic Interactions with Fungal Plant Pathogens. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050730. [PMID: 32392805 PMCID: PMC7277233 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma species are widely used as biofungicides for the control of fungal plant pathogens. Several studies have been performed to identify the main genes and compounds involved in Trichoderma–plant–microbial pathogen cross-talks. However, there is not much information about the exact mechanism of this profitable interaction. Peptaibols secreted mainly by Trichoderma species are linear, 5–20 amino acid residue long, non-ribosomally synthesized peptides rich in α-amino isobutyric acid, which seem to be effective in Trichoderma–plant pathogenic fungus interactions. In the present study, reversed phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was used to detect peptaibol profiles of Trichoderma strains during interactions with fungal plant pathogens. MS investigations of the crude extracts deriving from in vitro confrontations of Trichoderma asperellum and T. longibrachiatum with different plant pathogenic fungi (Fusarium moniliforme, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. oxysporum species complex, Alternaria solani and Rhizoctonia solani) were performed to get a better insight into the role of these non-ribosomal antimicrobial peptides. The results revealed an increase in the total amount of peptaibols produced during the interactions, as well as some differences in the peptaibol profiles between the confrontational and control tests. Detection of the expression level of the peptaibol synthetase tex1 by qRT-PCR showed a significant increase in T. asperellum/R. solani interaction in comparison to the control. In conclusion, the interaction with plant pathogens highly influenced the peptaibol production of the examined Trichoderma strains.
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Yadav V, Lekkala MMVSN, Surekha C, Neelapu NRR. Global Scenario of Advance Fungal Research in Crop Protection. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48474-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Zhou YR, Song XY, Li Y, Shi JC, Shi WL, Chen XL, Liu WF, Liu XM, Zhang WX, Zhang YZ. Enhancing peptaibols production in the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2 by elimination of a putative glucose sensor. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:3030-3040. [PMID: 31403179 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are main producers of peptide antibiotics known as peptaibols. While peptaibols have been shown to possess a range of biological activities, molecular understanding of the regulation of their production is largely unclear, which hampers the production improvement through genetic engineering. Here, we demonstrated that the orthologue of glucose sensors in the outstanding biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2, TlSTP1, participates in the regulation of peptaibols production. Deletion of Tlstp1 markedly impaired hyphal growth and conidiation, but significantly increased peptaibols yield by 5-fold for Trichokonins A and 2.6-fold for Trichokonins B. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that the increased peptaibols production occurs at the transcriptional levels of the two nonribosomal peptide synthetase encoding genes, tlx1 and tlx2. Transcriptome analyses of the wild type and the Tlstp1 mutant strains indicated that TlSTP1 exerts a regulatory effect on a set of genes that are involved in a number of metabolic and cellular processes, including synthesis of several other secondary metabolites. These results suggest an important role of TlSTP1 in the regulation of vegetative growth and peptaibols production in T. longibrachiatum SMF2 and provide insights into construction of peptaibol-hyperproducing strains through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Chao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Ling Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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31
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Izoré T, Cryle MJ. The many faces and important roles of protein-protein interactions during non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:1120-1139. [PMID: 30207358 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00038g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2018 Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) machineries are complex, multi-domain proteins that are responsible for the biosynthesis of many important, peptide-derived compounds. By decoupling peptide synthesis from the ribosome, NRPS assembly lines are able to access a significant pool of amino acid monomers for peptide synthesis. This is combined with a modular protein architecture that allows for great variation in stereochemistry, peptide length, cyclisation state and further modifications. The architecture of NRPS assembly lines relies upon a repetitive set of catalytic domains, which are organised into modules responsible for amino acid incorporation. Central to NRPS-mediated biosynthesis is the carrier protein (CP) domain, to which all intermediates following initial monomer activation are bound during peptide synthesis up until the final handover to the thioesterase domain that cleaves the mature peptide from the NRPS. This mechanism makes understanding the protein-protein interactions that occur between different NRPS domains during peptide biosynthesis of crucial importance to understanding overall NRPS function. This endeavour is also highly challenging due to the inherent flexibility and dynamics of NRPS systems. In this review, we present the current state of understanding of the protein-protein interactions that govern NRPS-mediated biosynthesis, with a focus on insights gained from structural studies relating to CP domain interactions within these impressive peptide assembly lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Izoré
- The Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Olarte RA, Menke J, Zhang Y, Sullivan S, Slot JC, Huang Y, Badalamenti JP, Quandt AC, Spatafora JW, Bushley KE. Chromosome rearrangements shape the diversification of secondary metabolism in the cyclosporin producing fungus Tolypocladium inflatum. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:120. [PMID: 30732559 PMCID: PMC6367777 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes involved in production of secondary metabolites (SMs) in fungi are exceptionally diverse. Even strains of the same species may exhibit differences in metabolite production, a finding that has important implications for drug discovery. Unlike in other eukaryotes, genes producing SMs are often clustered and co-expressed in fungal genomes, but the genetic mechanisms involved in the creation and maintenance of these secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SMBGCs) remains poorly understood. RESULTS In order to address the role of genome architecture and chromosome scale structural variation in generating diversity of SMBGCs, we generated chromosome scale assemblies of six geographically diverse isolates of the insect pathogenic fungus Tolypocladium inflatum, producer of the multi-billion dollar lifesaving immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin, and utilized a Hi-C chromosome conformation capture approach to address the role of genome architecture and structural variation in generating intraspecific diversity in SMBGCs. Our results demonstrate that the exchange of DNA between heterologous chromosomes plays an important role in generating novelty in SMBGCs in fungi. In particular, we demonstrate movement of a polyketide synthase (PKS) and several adjacent genes by translocation to a new chromosome and genomic context, potentially generating a novel PKS cluster. We also provide evidence for inter-chromosomal recombination between nonribosomal peptide synthetases located within subtelomeres and uncover a polymorphic cluster present in only two strains that is closely related to the cluster responsible for biosynthesis of the mycotoxin aflatoxin (AF), a highly carcinogenic compound that is a major public health concern worldwide. In contrast, the cyclosporin cluster, located internally on chromosomes, was conserved across strains, suggesting selective maintenance of this important virulence factor for infection of insects. CONCLUSIONS This research places the evolution of SMBGCs within the context of whole genome evolution and suggests a role for recombination between chromosomes in generating novel SMBGCs in the medicinal fungus Tolypocladium inflatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Olarte
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Jon Menke
- 0000 0001 0703 5300grid.450240.7Cargill Inc., Wayzata, MN USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | | | - Jason C. Slot
- 0000 0001 2285 7943grid.261331.4Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Yinyin Huang
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
| | - Jonathan P. Badalamenti
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Alisha C. Quandt
- 0000000096214564grid.266190.aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Joseph W. Spatafora
- 0000 0001 2112 1969grid.4391.fDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Kathryn E. Bushley
- 0000000419368657grid.17635.36Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN USA
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Savita, Sharma A. Fungi as Biological Control Agents. BIOFERTILIZERS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18933-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Guzmán-Chávez F, Zwahlen RD, Bovenberg RAL, Driessen AJM. Engineering of the Filamentous Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum as Cell Factory for Natural Products. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2768. [PMID: 30524395 PMCID: PMC6262359 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium chrysogenum (renamed P. rubens) is the most studied member of a family of more than 350 Penicillium species that constitute the genus. Since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming, this filamentous fungus is used as a commercial β-lactam antibiotic producer. For several decades, P. chrysogenum was subjected to a classical strain improvement (CSI) program to increase penicillin titers. This resulted in a massive increase in the penicillin production capacity, paralleled by the silencing of several other biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), causing a reduction in the production of a broad range of BGC encoded natural products (NPs). Several approaches have been used to restore the ability of the penicillin production strains to synthetize the NPs lost during the CSI. Here, we summarize various re-activation mechanisms of BGCs, and how interference with regulation can be used as a strategy to activate or silence BGCs in filamentous fungi. To further emphasize the versatility of P. chrysogenum as a fungal production platform for NPs with potential commercial value, protein engineering of biosynthetic enzymes is discussed as a tool to develop de novo BGC pathways for new NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guzmán-Chávez
- Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Synthetic Biology and Cell Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Reto D Zwahlen
- Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Synthetic Biology and Cell Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Roel A L Bovenberg
- Synthetic Biology and Cell Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,DSM Biotechnology Centre, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Synthetic Biology and Cell Engineering, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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35
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Hirpara DG, Gajera HP, Patel AK, Katakpara ZA, Golakiya BA. Molecular insights into development of
Trichoderma
interfusants for multistress tolerance enhancing antagonism against
Sclerotium rolfsii
Sacc. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7368-7383. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darshna G. Hirpara
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
| | - H. P. Gajera
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
| | - Abha K. Patel
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
| | - Zinkal A. Katakpara
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
| | - B. A. Golakiya
- Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University Junagadh Gujarat India
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36
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Fanelli F, Liuzzi VC, Logrieco AF, Altomare C. Genomic characterization of Trichoderma atrobrunneum (T. harzianum species complex) ITEM 908: insight into the genetic endowment of a multi-target biocontrol strain. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:662. [PMID: 30200883 PMCID: PMC6131884 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, biocontrol agent selection has been performed mainly by time consuming in vitro confrontation tests followed by extensive trials in greenhouse and field. An alternative approach is offered by application of high-throughput techniques, which allow extensive screening and comparison among strains for desired genetic traits. In the genus Trichoderma, the past assignments of particular features or strains to one species need to be reconsidered according to the recent taxonomic revisions. Here we present the genome of a biocontrol strain formerly known as Trichoderma harzianum ITEM 908, which exhibits both growth promoting capabilities and antagonism against different fungal pathogens, including Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. By genomic analysis of ITEM 908 we investigated the occurrence and the relevance of genes associated to biocontrol and stress tolerance, providing a basis for future investigation aiming to unravel the complex relationships between genomic endowment and exhibited activities of this strain. RESULTS The MLST analysis of ITS-TEF1 concatenated datasets reclassified ITEM 908 as T. atrobrunneum, a species recently described within the T. harzianum species complex and phylogenetically close to T. afroharzianum and T. guizhouense. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of a broad range of genes encoding for carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZYmes), proteins involved in secondary metabolites production, peptaboils, epidithiodioxopiperazines and siderophores potentially involved in parasitism, saprophytic degradation as well as in biocontrol and antagonistic activities. This abundance is comparable to other Trichoderma spp. in the T. harzianum species complex, but broader than in other biocontrol species and in the species T. reesei, known for its industrial application in cellulase production. Comparative analysis also demonstrated similar genomic organization of major secondary metabolites clusters, as in other Trichoderma species. CONCLUSIONS Reported data provide a contribution to a deeper understanding of the mode of action and identification of activity-specific genetic markers useful for selection and improvement of biocontrol strains. This work will also enlarge the availability of genomic data to perform comparative studies with the aim to correlate phenotypic differences with genetic diversity of Trichoderma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fanelli
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Vania Cosma Liuzzi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Altomare
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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37
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The Gpr1-regulated Sur7 family protein Sfp2 is required for hyphal growth and cell wall stability in the mycoparasite Trichoderma atroviride. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12064. [PMID: 30104659 PMCID: PMC6089919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoparasites, e.g. fungi feeding on other fungi, are prominent within the genus Trichoderma and represent a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for plant disease control. We previously showed that the seven-transmembrane receptor Gpr1 regulates mycelial growth and asexual development and governs mycoparasitism-related processes in Trichoderma atroviride. We now describe the identification of genes being targeted by Gpr1 under mycoparasitic conditions. The identified gene set includes a candidate, sfp2, encoding a protein of the fungal-specific Sur7 superfamily, whose upregulation in T. atroviride upon interaction with a fungal prey is dependent on Gpr1. Sur7 family proteins are typical residents of membrane microdomains such as the membrane compartment of Can1 (MCC)/eisosome in yeast. We found that GFP-labeled Gpr1 and Sfp2 proteins show partly overlapping localization patterns in T. atroviride hyphae, which may point to shared functions and potential interaction during signal perception and endocytosis. Deletion of sfp2 caused heavily altered colony morphology, defects in polarized growth, cell wall integrity and endocytosis, and significantly reduced mycoparasitic activity, whereas sfp2 overexpression enhanced full overgrowth and killing of the prey. Transcriptional activation of a chitinase specific for hyphal growth and network formation and strong downregulation of chitin synthase-encoding genes were observed in Δsfp2. Taken together, these findings imply crucial functions of Sfp2 in hyphal morphogenesis of T. atroviride and its interaction with prey fungi.
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Zhao P, Ren A, Dong P, Sheng Y, Li D. Antimicrobial Peptaibols, Trichokonins, Inhibit Mycelial Growth and Sporulation and Induce Cell Apoptosis in the Pathogenic Fungus Botrytis cinerea. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Abstract
Covering: up to 2017.Natural products are important secondary metabolites produced by bacterial and fungal species that play important roles in cellular growth and signaling, nutrient acquisition, intra- and interspecies communication, and virulence. A subset of natural products is produced by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), a family of large, modular enzymes that function in an assembly line fashion. Because of the pharmaceutical activity of many NRPS products, much effort has gone into the exploration of their biosynthetic pathways and the diverse products they make. Many interesting NRPS pathways have been identified and characterized from both terrestrial and marine bacterial sources. Recently, several NRPS pathways in human commensal bacterial species have been identified that produce molecules with antibiotic activity, suggesting another source of interesting NRPS pathways may be the commensal and pathogenic bacteria that live on the human body. The ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) have been identified as a significant cause of human bacterial infections that are frequently multidrug resistant. The emerging resistance profile of these organisms has prompted calls from multiple international agencies to identify novel antibacterial targets and develop new approaches to treat infections from ESKAPE pathogens. Each of these species contains several NRPS biosynthetic gene clusters. While some have been well characterized and produce known natural products with important biological roles in microbial physiology, others have yet to be investigated. This review catalogs the NRPS pathways of ESKAPE pathogens. The exploration of novel NRPS products may lead to a better understanding of the chemical communication used by human pathogens and potentially to the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Gulick
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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40
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Marik T, Urbán P, Tyagi C, Szekeres A, Leitgeb B, Vágvölgyi M, Manczinger L, Druzhinina IS, Vágvölgyi C, Kredics L. Diversity Profile and Dynamics of Peptaibols Produced by Green Mould Trichoderma Species in Interactions with Their Hosts Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28261948 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Certain Trichoderma species are causing serious losses in mushroom production worldwide. Trichoderma aggressivum and Trichoderma pleuroti are among the major causal agents of the green mould diseases affecting Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus, respectively. The genus Trichoderma is well-known for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites, including peptaibols, which are short, linear peptides containing unusual amino acid residues and being synthesised via non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). The aim of this study was to get more insight into the peptaibol production of T. aggressivum and T. pleuroti. HPLC/MS-based methods revealed the production of peptaibols closely related to hypomurocins B by T. aggressivum, while tripleurins representing a new group of 18-residue peptaibols were identified in T. pleuroti. Putative NRPS genes enabling the biosynthesis of the detected peptaibols could be found in the genomes of both Trichoderma species. In vitro experiments revealed that peptaibols are potential growth inhibitors of mushroom mycelia, and that the host mushrooms may have an influence on the peptaibol profiles of green mould agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Marik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Urbán
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Chetna Tyagi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Leitgeb
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Máté Vágvölgyi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Manczinger
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Irina S Druzhinina
- Research Area Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical and Biological Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/166, A-1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
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Gulick AM. Structural insight into the necessary conformational changes of modular nonribosomal peptide synthetases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 35:89-96. [PMID: 27676239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) catalyze the assembly line biosynthesis of peptide natural products that play important roles in microbial signaling and communication. These multidomain enzymes use an integrated carrier protein that delivers the growing peptide to the catalytic domains, requiring coordinated conformational changes that allow the proper sequence of synthetic steps. Recent structural studies of NRPSs have described important conformational states and illustrate the critical role of a small subdomain within the adenylation domains. This subdomain alternates between catalytic conformations and also serves as a linker domain, providing further conformational flexibility to enable the carrier to project from the core of NRPS. These studies are described along with remaining questions in the study of the structural dynamics of NRPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Gulick
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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42
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Schafhauser T, Kirchner N, Kulik A, Huijbers MM, Flor L, Caradec T, Fewer DP, Gross H, Jacques P, Jahn L, Jokela J, Leclère V, Ludwig-Müller J, Sivonen K, van Berkel WJ, Weber T, Wohlleben W, van Pée KH. The cyclochlorotine mycotoxin is produced by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase CctN inTalaromyces islandicus(‘Penicillium islandicum’). Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3728-3741. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schafhauser
- Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Norbert Kirchner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology; Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen; 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Kulik
- Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Mieke M.E. Huijbers
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Wageningen University; Dreijenlaan 3 6703 HA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Liane Flor
- Allgemeine Biochemie, Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Thibault Caradec
- Research Laboratory in Agro-Food and Biotechnology; Charles Viollette Institute, Team ProBioGEM, Polytech-Lille, Université Lille1- Sciences et Technologies; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - David P. Fewer
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki; Viikinkaari 9 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Harald Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology; Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 8 72076 Tübingen Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen; 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Philippe Jacques
- Research Laboratory in Agro-Food and Biotechnology; Charles Viollette Institute, Team ProBioGEM, Polytech-Lille, Université Lille1- Sciences et Technologies; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Linda Jahn
- Institut für Botanik; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Jouni Jokela
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki; Viikinkaari 9 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Valérie Leclère
- Research Laboratory in Agro-Food and Biotechnology; Charles Viollette Institute, Team ProBioGEM, Polytech-Lille, Université Lille1- Sciences et Technologies; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | | | - Kaarina Sivonen
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki; Viikinkaari 9 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Willem J.H. van Berkel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Wageningen University; Dreijenlaan 3 6703 HA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Tilmann Weber
- Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen; 72076 Tübingen Germany
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark; Kogle Alle 6 2970 Hørsholm Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Wohlleben
- Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen; 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz van Pée
- Allgemeine Biochemie, Technische Universität Dresden; 01069 Dresden Germany
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Soliman HM, Abdel-Fatt G, Metwally E. Antagonistic Interactions Between the Foliar Pathogen Botrytis fabae Sard. and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajppaj.2016.21.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sharma R, Singh VP, Singh D, Yusuf F, Kumar A, Vishwakarma RA, Chaubey A. Optimization of nonribosomal peptides production by a psychrotrophic fungus: Trichoderma velutinum ACR-P1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9091-9102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Zeilinger S, Gruber S, Bansal R, Mukherjee PK. Secondary metabolism in Trichoderma – Chemistry meets genomics. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Li Y, Sun R, Yu J, Saravanakumar K, Chen J. Antagonistic and Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma asperellum ZJSX5003 Against the Maize Stalk Rot Pathogen Fusarium graminearum. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:318-27. [PMID: 27407296 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of seven strains of Trichoderma asperellum collected from the fields in Southern China was assessed against Fusarium graminearum (FG) the causal agent of corn stalk rot of maize were in vitro for their antagonistic properties followed by statistical model of principal compound analysis to identify the beneficial antagonist T. asperellum strain. The key factors of antagonist activity were attributed to a total of 13 factors including cell wall degrading enzymes (chitnase, protease and β-glucanases), secondary metabolites and peptaibols and these were analyzed from eight strains of Trichoderma. A linear regression model demonstrated that interaction of enzymes and secondary metabolites of T. asperellum strain ZJSX5003 enhanced the antagonist activity against FG. Further, this strain displayed a disease reduction of 71 % in maize plants inoculated with FG compared to negative control. Pointing out that the T. asperellum strain ZJSX5003 is a potential source for the development of a biocontrol agent against corn stalk rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Li
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Sun
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kandasamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Environment and Resource, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240 People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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47
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Schmoll M, Dattenböck C, Carreras-Villaseñor N, Mendoza-Mendoza A, Tisch D, Alemán MI, Baker SE, Brown C, Cervantes-Badillo MG, Cetz-Chel J, Cristobal-Mondragon GR, Delaye L, Esquivel-Naranjo EU, Frischmann A, Gallardo-Negrete JDJ, García-Esquivel M, Gomez-Rodriguez EY, Greenwood DR, Hernández-Oñate M, Kruszewska JS, Lawry R, Mora-Montes HM, Muñoz-Centeno T, Nieto-Jacobo MF, Nogueira Lopez G, Olmedo-Monfil V, Osorio-Concepcion M, Piłsyk S, Pomraning KR, Rodriguez-Iglesias A, Rosales-Saavedra MT, Sánchez-Arreguín JA, Seidl-Seiboth V, Stewart A, Uresti-Rivera EE, Wang CL, Wang TF, Zeilinger S, Casas-Flores S, Herrera-Estrella A. The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:205-327. [PMID: 26864432 PMCID: PMC4771370 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00040-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Trichoderma contains fungi with high relevance for humans, with applications in enzyme production for plant cell wall degradation and use in biocontrol. Here, we provide a broad, comprehensive overview of the genomic content of these species for "hot topic" research aspects, including CAZymes, transport, transcription factors, and development, along with a detailed analysis and annotation of less-studied topics, such as signal transduction, genome integrity, chromatin, photobiology, or lipid, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism in T. reesei, T. atroviride, and T. virens, and we open up new perspectives to those topics discussed previously. In total, we covered more than 2,000 of the predicted 9,000 to 11,000 genes of each Trichoderma species discussed, which is >20% of the respective gene content. Additionally, we considered available transcriptome data for the annotated genes. Highlights of our analyses include overall carbohydrate cleavage preferences due to the different genomic contents and regulation of the respective genes. We found light regulation of many sulfur metabolic genes. Additionally, a new Golgi 1,2-mannosidase likely involved in N-linked glycosylation was detected, as were indications for the ability of Trichoderma spp. to generate hybrid galactose-containing N-linked glycans. The genomic inventory of effector proteins revealed numerous compounds unique to Trichoderma, and these warrant further investigation. We found interesting expansions in the Trichoderma genus in several signaling pathways, such as G-protein-coupled receptors, RAS GTPases, and casein kinases. A particularly interesting feature absolutely unique to T. atroviride is the duplication of the alternative sulfur amino acid synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schmoll
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Department Health and Environment, Bioresources Unit, Tulln, Austria
| | - Christoph Dattenböck
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Department Health and Environment, Bioresources Unit, Tulln, Austria
| | | | | | - Doris Tisch
- Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Ivan Alemán
- Cinvestav, Department of Genetic Engineering, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Scott E Baker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher Brown
- University of Otago, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - José Cetz-Chel
- LANGEBIO, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, Cinvestav-Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Delaye
- Cinvestav, Department of Genetic Engineering, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Alexa Frischmann
- Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Monica García-Esquivel
- LANGEBIO, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, Cinvestav-Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - David R Greenwood
- The University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Miguel Hernández-Oñate
- LANGEBIO, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, Cinvestav-Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Joanna S Kruszewska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Fungal Glycobiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Lawry
- Lincoln University, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastian Piłsyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Laboratory of Fungal Glycobiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kyle R Pomraning
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Aroa Rodriguez-Iglesias
- Austrian Institute of Technology, Department Health and Environment, Bioresources Unit, Tulln, Austria
| | | | | | - Verena Seidl-Seiboth
- Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Chih-Li Wang
- National Chung-Hsing University, Department of Plant Pathology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Wang
- Academia Sinica, Institute of Molecular Biology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susanne Zeilinger
- Research Division Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria University of Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Alfredo Herrera-Estrella
- LANGEBIO, National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, Cinvestav-Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Abstract
Filamentous fungi are historically known as rich sources for production of biologically active natural products, so-called secondary metabolites. One particularly pharmaceutically relevant chemical group of secondary metabolites is the nonribosomal peptides synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs). As most of the fungal NRPS gene clusters leading to production of the desired molecules are not expressed under laboratory conditions, efforts to overcome this impediment are crucial to unlock the full chemical potential of each fungal species. One way to activate these silent clusters is by overexpressing and deleting global regulators of secondary metabolism. The conserved fungal-specific regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA, was shown to be a valuable target for sleuthing of novel gene clusters and metabolites. Additionally, modulation of chromatin structures by either chemical or genetic manipulation has been shown to activate cryptic metabolites. Furthermore, NRPS-derived molecules seem to be affected by cross talk between the specific gene clusters and some of these metabolites have a tissue- or developmental-specific regulation. This chapter summarizes how this knowledge of different tiers of regulation can be combined to increase production of NRPS-derived metabolites in fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Soukup
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Nancy P Keller
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3455 Microbial Sciences, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Philipp Wiemann
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3455 Microbial Sciences, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Muthukumar A, Udhayakumar R, Naveenkumar R. Eco Friendly Management of Damping-off of Solanaceous Crops Caused by Pythium Species. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Development and validation of LC–MS methods for peptaibol quantification in fungal extracts according to their lengths. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1009-1010:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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