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Azevedo PL, Maradei S, de Sá Bigni R, Santos Ramires Aragao J, Abdelhay E, Binato R. SLPI overexpression in hMSCs could be implicated in the HSC gene expression profile in AML. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15550. [PMID: 38969699 PMCID: PMC11226598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a severe haematological neoplasm that originates from the transformation of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, particularly that of mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), plays a crucial role in the maintenance of HSCs. In this context, we explored whether alterations in the secretome of hMSCs derived from AML patients (hMSC-AML) could impact HSC gene expression. Proteomic analysis revealed that the secretome of coculture assays with hMSC-AMLs and HSC from healthy donor is altered, with increased levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a protein associated with important processes for maintenance of the haematopoietic niche that has already been described to be altered in several tumours. Increased SLPI expression was also observed in the BM plasma of AML patients. Transcriptome analysis of HSCs cocultured with hMSC-AML in comparison with HSCs cocultured with hMSC-HD revealed altered expression of SLPI target genes associated with the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis. Important changes were identified, such as increased expression levels of CCNA2, CCNE2, CCND2, CD133 and CDK1 and decreased levels of CDKN2A and IGFBP3, among others. Overall, these findings suggest that the altered secretome of coculture assays with hMSC-AMLs and HSC from healthy donor, particularly increased SLPI expression, can contribute to gene expression changes in HSCs, potentially influencing important molecular mechanisms related to AML development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Azevedo
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Lab. de Células-Tronco (LCT) Centro, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha 23, 6° andar, Ala C, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil.
| | - Simone Maradei
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Sá Bigni
- Haematology Service, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Lab. de Células-Tronco (LCT) Centro, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha 23, 6° andar, Ala C, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Renata Binato
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Lab. de Células-Tronco (LCT) Centro, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Praça da Cruz Vermelha 23, 6° andar, Ala C, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP: 20230-130, Brazil
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Wu W, Wang J, Hu Z, Zhao Y, Wang X, Bai N, Chen L, Gao P. High WFDC3 gene expression is associated with poor prognosis and reduced immune cells infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A study using the TCGA database and bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35595. [PMID: 37861515 PMCID: PMC10589585 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Whey-acidic-protein (WAP) four-disulfide core domain protein 3 (WFDC3) is one of the WAP family proteins. This protein family is associated with the development of solid tumors and affects the tumor immunological microenvironment. However, the prognostic value of WFDC3 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and its effect on the tumor immune microenvironment is yet to be clarified. The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Genotype-Tissue Expression database were used to analyze the differential expression of WFDC3 between the tumor and adjacent tissues. The clinical significance of WFDC3 was analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium database using WFDC3 transcripts and clinical information. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to determine potential activated pathways. Immune score evaluation and publicly available pharmacogenomics database [the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer] were utilized to quantify immune cell infiltration and the effect on chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. WFDC3 levels were higher in PAAD tissues than in normal pancreatic tissues. High levels of WFDC3 expression progressively increased as PAAD tumor stages progressed. Patients with elevated WFDC3 expression showed a poor prognosis. The gene set enrichment analysis analysis revealed that glutamate, arginine, and proline, and histidine metabolism levels were elevated in patients with a high WFDC3 expression phenotype. B, CD4+ T, and CD8+ T cell infiltration was diminished in PAAD tissues with elevated WFDC3 expression. According to pharmacogenomics, PAAD tissues with high WFDC3 expression are susceptible to gemcitabine. WFDC3 is highly expressed in PAAD, and patients with a high level of WFDC3 expression have a shorter overall survival time, indicating a poorer prognosis. High expression of WFDC3 may lead to the development of PAAD by affecting the amino acid metabolism and the tumor immunological microenvironment. WFDC3 may serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PAAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yiguo Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengji Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Quddusi DM, Bajcinca N. Identification of genomic biomarkers and their pathway crosstalks for deciphering mechanistic links in glioblastoma. IET Syst Biol 2023; 17:143-161. [PMID: 37277696 PMCID: PMC10439498 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a grade IV pernicious neoplasm occurring in the supratentorial region of brain. As its causes are largely unknown, it is essential to understand its dynamics at the molecular level. This necessitates the identification of better diagnostic and prognostic molecular candidates. Blood-based liquid biopsies are emerging as a novel tool for cancer biomarker discovery, guiding the treatment and improving its early detection based on their tumour origin. There exist previous studies focusing on the identification of tumour-based biomarkers for glioblastoma. However, these biomarkers inadequately represent the underlying pathological state and incompletely illustrate the tumour because of non-recursive nature of this approach to monitor the disease. Also, contrary to the tumour biopsies, liquid biopsies are non-invasive and can be performed at any interval during the disease span to surveil the disease. Therefore, in this study, a unique dataset of blood-based liquid biopsies obtained primarily from tumour-educated blood platelets (TEP) is utilised. This RNA-seq data from ArrayExpress is acquired comprising human cohort with 39 glioblastoma subjects and 43 healthy subjects. Canonical and machine learning approaches are applied for identification of the genomic biomarkers for glioblastoma and their crosstalks. In our study, 97 genes appeared enriched in 7 oncogenic pathways (RAF-MAPK, P53, PRC2-EZH2, YAP conserved, MEK-MAPK, ErbB2 and STK33 signalling pathways) using GSEA, out of which 17 have been identified participating actively in crosstalks. Using PCA, 42 genes are found enriched in 7 pathways (cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins, translation factors, electron transport chain, ribosome, Huntington's disease, primary immunodeficiency pathways, and interferon type I signalling pathway) harbouring tumour when altered, out of which 25 actively participate in crosstalks. All the 14 pathways foster well-known cancer hallmarks and the identified DEGs can serve as genomic biomarkers, not only for the diagnosis and prognosis of Glioblastoma but also in providing a molecular foothold for oncogenic decision making in order to fathom the disease dynamics. Moreover, SNP analysis for the identified DEGs is performed to investigate their roles in disease dynamics in an elaborated manner. These results suggest that TEPs are capable of providing disease insights just like tumour cells with an advantage of being extracted anytime during the course of disease in order to monitor it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrak Moin Quddusi
- Chair of Mechatronics in the Faculty of Mechanical and Process EngineeringRheinland‐Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern‐LandauKaiserslauternGermany
| | - Naim Bajcinca
- Chair of Mechatronics in the Faculty of Mechanical and Process EngineeringRheinland‐Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern‐LandauKaiserslauternGermany
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Majewska A, Gajewska M, Dembele K. Effect of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy on Transcriptomic Changes in Canine Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11616. [PMID: 37511372 PMCID: PMC10380577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetic, chronic, and recurrent inflammatory and pruritic skin disorder. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is presently recognized as the only clinically effective disease-modifying treatment for allergies. The aim of our study was to analyze the changes in gene expression observed in the peripheral blood nuclear cells of cAD patients subjected to ASIT. Blood samples designated for transcriptomic analyses were collected from AD dogs twice, before and six months after ASIT, and also from healthy dogs. Statistical analysis revealed 521 differentially expressed transcripts, among which 241 transcripts represented genes with well-described functions. Based on the available literature, we chose nine differentially expressed genes (RARRES2, DPP10, SLPI, PLSCR4, MMP9, NTSR1, CBD103, DEFB122, and IL36G) which may be important in the context of the dysregulated immune response observed in cAD patients. The expressions of five out of the nine described genes (DPP10, PLSCR4, NTSR1, DEFB122, and IL36G) changed after the application of ASIT. The expressions of three of these genes returned to the level observed in the healthy control group. The genes listed above need further investigation to determine details of their role in the molecular mechanism of immune tolerance induction in response to allergen-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gajewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kourou Dembele
- Department of Small Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Miyazaki Y, Goto T, Li X, Nakayama K, Okasho K, Takeda M, Mizuno K, Kimura H, Uegaki M, Sumiyoshi T, Teramoto Y, Akamatsu S, Kobayashi T, Ogawa O, Inoue T. Up-regulation of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human samples might have a potential role of predicting prostate cancer recurrence and progression after surgery and hormonal therapy. Cancer Med 2023; 12:3328-3342. [PMID: 36812122 PMCID: PMC9939162 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Using new castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cell lines developed from LNCaP cells as a model for CRPC, we searched for novel biomarkers by analyzing the proteins secreted in culture supernatants. The results showed that the levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in these cell lines were 4.7-6.7 times higher than those secreted in parental LNCaP. Patients with localized prostate cancer (PC) and who expressed SLPI had a significantly lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival rate than those who did not. Multivariate analysis revealed that SLPI expression was an independent risk factor for PSA recurrence. By contrast, when immunostaining of SLPI was performed on consecutive prostate tissue samples obtained from 11 patients, both in hormone naive (HN) and castration resistant (CR) conditions, only one patient expressed SLPI in the HNPC state; however, four of the 11 patients expressed SLPI in the CRPC state. In addition, two of these four patients were resistant to enzalutamide, and there was a discrepancy between their serum PSA levels and radiographic progression of the disease. These results suggest that SLPI can be a predictor of prognosis in patients with localized PC and disease progression in CRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyazaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kenji Nakayama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kosuke Okasho
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masashi Takeda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroko Kimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masayuki Uegaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takayuki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Teramoto
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyKyoto University HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Nephro‐Urologic Surgery and AndrologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
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Zhao C, Yan S, Song Y, Xia X. Roles of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gynecological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710104. [PMID: 36077500 PMCID: PMC9456504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the mucosal barrier of the female reproductive tract (FRT) and are involved in many important physiological processes, including shaping the microbiota and maintaining normal reproduction and pregnancy. Gynecological cancers seriously threaten women's health and bring a heavy burden to society so that new strategies are needed to deal with these diseases. Recent studies have suggested that AMPs also have a complex yet intriguing relationship with gynecological cancers. The expression level of AMPs changes during tumor progression and they may act as promising biomarkers in cancer detection and prognosis prediction. Although AMPs have long been considered as host protective, they actually play a "double-edged sword" role in gynecological cancers, either tumorigenic or antitumor, depending on factors such as AMP and cancer types, as well as AMP concentrations. Moreover, AMPs are associated with chemoresistance and regulation of AMPs' expression may alter sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, more work is needed, especially on the identification of molecular mechanisms of AMPs in the FRT, as well as the clinical application of these AMPs in detection, diagnosis and treatment of gynecological malignancies.
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Gao YL, Wu MJ, Liu JX, Zheng CH, Wang J. Robust Principal Component Analysis Based On Hypergraph Regularization for Sample Clustering and Co-Characteristic Gene Selection. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:2420-2430. [PMID: 33690124 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3065054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracting genes involved in cancer lesions from gene expression data is critical for cancer research and drug development. The method of feature selection has attracted much attention in the field of bioinformatics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used method for learning low-dimensional representation. Some variants of PCA have been proposed to improve the robustness and sparsity of the algorithm. However, the existing methods ignore the high-order relationships between data. In this paper, a new model named Robust Principal Component Analysis via Hypergraph Regularization (HRPCA) is proposed. In detail, HRPCA utilizes L2,1-norm to reduce the effect of outliers and make data sufficiently row-sparse. And the hypergraph regularization is introduced to consider the complex relationship among data. Important information hidden in the data are mined, and this method ensures the accuracy of the resulting data relationship information. Extensive experiments on multi-view biological data demonstrate that the feasible and effective of the proposed approach.
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Ohmori K, Kamei A, Watanabe Y, Abe K. Gene Expression over Time during Cell Transformation Due to Non-Genotoxic Carcinogen Treatment of Bhas 42 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063216. [PMID: 35328637 PMCID: PMC8954493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bhas 42 cell transformation assay (Bhas 42 CTA) is the first Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)-certificated method used as a specific tool for the detection of the cell-transformation potential of tumor-promoting compounds, including non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTxCs), as separate from genotoxic carcinogens. This assay offers the great advantage of enabling the phenotypic detection of oncotransformation. A key benefit of using the Bhas 42 CTA in the study of the cell-transformation mechanisms of tumor-promoting compounds, including non-genotoxic carcinogens, is that the cell-transformation potential of the chemical can be detected directly without treatment with a tumor-initiating compound since Bhas 42 cell line was established by transfecting the v-Ha-ras gene into a mouse fibroblast cloned cell line. Here, we analyzed the gene expression over time, using DNA microarrays, in Bhas 42 cells treated with the tumor-promoting compound 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and NGTxC, with a total of three repeat experiments. This is the first paper to report on gene expression over time during the process of cell transformation with only a tumor-promoting compound. Pathways that were activated or inactivated during the process of cell transformation in the Bhas 42 cells treated with TPA were related not only directly to RAS but also to various pathways in the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Ohmori
- Chemical Division, Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chigasaki 2530087, Japan
- Research Initiatives and Promotion Organization, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 2408501, Japan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +81-046-783-4400 or +81-045-339-4448
| | - Asuka Kamei
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki 2100821, Japan; (A.K.); (K.A.)
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Health and Anti-Aging Project, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Kawasaki 2130012, Japan;
| | - Keiko Abe
- Group for Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki 2100821, Japan; (A.K.); (K.A.)
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1138657, Japan
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Li X, Ma J, Leng L, Han M, Li M, He F, Zhu Y. MoGCN: A Multi-Omics Integration Method Based on Graph Convolutional Network for Cancer Subtype Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:806842. [PMID: 35186034 PMCID: PMC8847688 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.806842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the rapid accumulation of large-scale omics datasets, numerous studies have attempted to characterize the molecular and clinical features of cancers from a multi-omics perspective. However, there are great challenges in integrating multi-omics using machine learning methods for cancer subtype classification. In this study, MoGCN, a multi-omics integration model based on graph convolutional network (GCN) was developed for cancer subtype classification and analysis. Genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics datasets for 511 breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) samples were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The autoencoder (AE) and the similarity network fusion (SNF) methods were used to reduce dimensionality and construct the patient similarity network (PSN), respectively. Then the vector features and the PSN were input into the GCN for training and testing. Feature extraction and network visualization were used for further biological knowledge discovery and subtype classification. In the analysis of multi-dimensional omics data of the BRCA samples in TCGA, MoGCN achieved the highest accuracy in cancer subtype classification compared with several popular algorithms. Moreover, MoGCN can extract the most significant features of each omics layer and provide candidate functional molecules for further analysis of their biological effects. And network visualization showed that MoGCN could make clinically intuitive diagnosis. The generality of MoGCN was proven on the TCGA pan-kidney cancer datasets. MoGCN and datasets are public available at https://github.com/Lifoof/MoGCN. Our study shows that MoGCN performs well for heterogeneous data integration and the interpretability of classification results, which confers great potential for applications in biomarker identification and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Department of Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingfei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, China
| | - Mansheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, China
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Guerrieri D, Ambrosi NG, Romeo H, Salaberry J, Toniolo MF, Remolins C, Incardona C, Casadei D, Chuluyan E. Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor Protects Acute Kidney Injury Through Immune and Non-Immune Pathways. Shock 2021; 56:1019-1027. [PMID: 33882512 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by rapid loss of excretory function and is the clinical manifestation of several disorders affecting the kidney. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action of Secretory Leukocyte Proteinase Inhibitor (SLPI) that protects the kidneys form AKI. In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to assess the effect of SLPI on kidney injury. Animal models of kidney injury was generated by 40 min obstruction of kidney artery and vein (ischemia-reperfusion injury model) or daily administration of 60 mg/kg/day of gentamicine for 5 day (gentamicin-associated AKI model). For in vitro assessment, human renal epithelium HK-2 cells were cultured under serum starvation conditions or with tacrolimus. The administration of SLPI (250 μg/kg, i.p.) reduced elevated plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, tissue myeloperoxidase content, and acute tubular necrosis induced by kidney damage. Furthermore, SLPI treatment reduced CD86, CD68, CD14, CCL2, TNFα, and IL-10 transcripts in kidney biopsies. To further analyze a direct effect of SLPI on renal epithelial cells, HK-2 cells from human renal epithelium were cultured under serum starvation conditions or with tacrolimus. Both conditions induced apoptosis of HK-2 cells which was reduced when SLPI was present in the culture medium. Furthermore, SLPI favored the proliferation and migration of HK-2 cells. An analysis of the gene profiles of HK-2 cells treated with calcineurin inhibitors affected inflammatory and non-inflammatory pathways that were reversed by SLPI. Among them, SLPI down modulated the expression of CCL2, SLC5A3, and BECN1 but up-regulated the expression of TLR4, ATF4, ATF6, HSP90B, BBC3 SLC2A1, and TNFRSF10B. Overall, these results suggest that SLPI, in addition to its activity on immune cells, may directly target tubular epithelial cells of the kidney to mediate the nephroprotective activity in AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Guerrieri
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO). Facultad de Medicina. Buenos Aires, Argentina (University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council Scientific and Technical. Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO), School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina (University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
| | - Nella Gabriela Ambrosi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO). Facultad de Medicina. Buenos Aires, Argentina (University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council Scientific and Technical. Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO), School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
| | - Horacio Romeo
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, BIOMED UCA-CONICET, Argentina (Faculty of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, BIOMED UCA-CONICET, Pontifical Catholic University Argentina, Argentina)
| | - Juan Salaberry
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO). Facultad de Medicina. Buenos Aires, Argentina (University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council Scientific and Technical. Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO), School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
| | - María Fernanda Toniolo
- Instituto de Trasplante y Alta Complejidad (ITAC), Nefrología de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Institute of Transplantation and High Complexity (ITAC), Nephrology of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
| | - Carla Remolins
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO). Facultad de Medicina. Buenos Aires, Argentina (University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council Scientific and Technical. Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO), School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
| | - Claudio Incardona
- Fundación GADOR, Buenos Aires, Argentina (GADOR Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
| | - Domingo Casadei
- Instituto de Trasplante y Alta Complejidad (ITAC), Nefrología de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Institute of Transplantation and High Complexity (ITAC), Nephrology of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
| | - Eduardo Chuluyan
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFYBO). Facultad de Medicina. Buenos Aires, Argentina (University of Buenos Aires, National Research Council Scientific and Technical. Center for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFYBO), School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina (University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Buenos Aires, Argentina)
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Sriwattanapong K, Sa-Ard-Iam N, Boonprakong L, Subbalekha K, Trachoo V, Suratannon N, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Reduced ELANE and SLPI expression compromises dental pulp cell activity. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13132. [PMID: 34580954 PMCID: PMC8560611 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with ELANE variants and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) commonly develop oral complications. Whether they are caused only by low neutrophil count or the combination of neutropenia and aberrant dental cells is unknown. Methods Genetic variant was identified with exome sequencing. Dental pulp cells isolated from the SCN patient with an ELANE mutation were investigated for gene expression, enzyme activity, proliferation, colony formation, wound healing, apoptosis, ROS, attachment, spreading and response to lipopolysaccharide. Results ELANE cells had diminished expression of ELANE and SLPI and reduced neutrophil elastase activity. Moreover, ELANE cells exhibited impaired proliferation, colony forming, migration, attachment and spreading; and significantly increased ROS formation and apoptosis, corresponding with increased Cyclin D1 and MMP2 levels. The intrinsic levels of TGF‐β1 and TNF‐α were significantly increased; however, IL‐6, IL‐8 and NF‐kB1 were significantly decreased in ELANE cells compared with those in controls. After exposure to lipopolysaccharide, ELANE cells grew larger, progressed to more advanced cell spreading stages and showed significantly increased SLPI, TNF‐α and NF‐kB1 and tremendously increased IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression, compared with controls. Conclusion This study, for the first time, suggests that in addition to neutropenia, the aberrant levels and functions of ELANE, SLPI and their downstream molecules in pulp cells play an important role in oral complications in SCN patients. In addition, pulp cells with diminished neutrophil elastase and SLPI are highly responsive to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Sriwattanapong
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noppadol Sa-Ard-Iam
- Center of Excellence in Periodontal Disease and Dental Implant, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lawan Boonprakong
- Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keskanya Subbalekha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapat Trachoo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narissara Suratannon
- Pediatric Allergy & Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Wyatt KA, Filby CE, Davies-Tuck ML, Suke SG, Evans J, Gargett CE. Menstrual fluid endometrial stem/progenitor cell and supernatant protein content: cyclical variation and indicative range. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:2215-2229. [PMID: 34173001 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does natural variation exist in the endometrial stem/progenitor cell and protein composition of menstrual fluid across menstrual cycles in women? SUMMARY ANSWER Limited variation exists in the percentage of some endometrial stem/progenitor cell types and abundance of selected proteins in menstrual fluid within and between a cohort of women. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Menstrual fluid is a readily available biofluid that can represent the endometrial environment, containing endometrial stem/progenitor cells and protein factors. It is unknown whether there is natural variation in the cellular and protein content across menstrual cycles of individual women, which has significant implications for the use of menstrual fluid in research and clinical applications. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Menstrual fluid was collected from 11 non-pregnant females with regular menstrual cycles. Participants had not used hormonal medications in the previous 3 months. Participants collected menstrual fluid samples from up to five cycles using a silicone menstrual cup worn on Day 2 of menstrual bleeding. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Menstrual fluid samples were centrifuged to separate soluble proteins and cells. Cells were depleted of red blood cells and CD45+ leucocytes. Menstrual fluid-derived endometrial stem/progenitor cells were characterized using multicolour flow cytometry including markers for endometrial stem/progenitor cells N-cadherin (NCAD) and stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) (for endometrial epithelial progenitor cells; eEPC), and sushi domain containing-2 (SUSD2) (for endometrial mesenchymal stem cells; eMSC). The clonogenicity of menstrual fluid-derived endometrial cells was assessed using colony forming unit assays. Menstrual fluid supernatant was analyzed using a custom magnetic Luminex assay. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Endometrial stem/progenitor cells are shed in menstrual fluid and demonstrate clonogenic properties. The intraparticipant agreement for SUSD2+ menstrual fluid-derived eMSC (MF-eMSC), SSEA-1+ and NCAD+SSEA-1+ MF-eEPC, and stromal clonogenicity were moderate-good (intraclass correlation; ICC: 0.75, 0.56, 0.54 and 0.52, respectively), indicating limited variability across menstrual cycles. Endometrial inflammatory and repair proteins were detectable in menstrual fluid supernatant, with five of eight (63%) factors demonstrating moderate intraparticipant agreement (secretory leukocyte protein inhibitor (SLPI), lipocalin-2 (NGAL), lactoferrin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), human epididymis protein-4 (HE4); ICC ranges: 0.57-0.69). Interparticipant variation was limited for healthy participants, with the exception of key outliers of which some had self-reported menstrual pathologies. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. There are no OMICS or other data sets relevant to this study. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The main limitations to this research relate to the difficulty of obtaining menstrual fluid samples across multiple menstrual cycles in a consistent manner. Several participants could only donate across <3 cycles and the duration of wearing the menstrual cup varied between 4 and 6 h within and between women. Due to the limited sample size used in this study, wider studies involving multiple consecutive menstrual cycles and a larger cohort of women will be required to fully determine the normal range of endometrial stem/progenitor cell and supernatant protein content of menstrual fluid. Possibility for selection bias and true representation of the population of women should also be considered. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Menstrual fluid is a reliable source of endometrial stem/progenitor cells and related endometrial proteins with diagnostic potential. The present study indicates that a single menstrual sample may be sufficient in characterizing a variety of cellular and protein parameters across women's menstrual cycles. The results also demonstrate the potential of menstrual fluid for identifying endometrial and menstrual abnormalities in both research and clinical settings as a non-invasive method for assessing endometrial health. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council to C.E.G. (Senior Research Fellowship 1024298 and Investigator Fellowship 1173882) and to J.E. (project grant 1047756), the Monash IVF Research Foundation to C.E.G. and the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program. K.A.W., M.L.D.-T., S.G.S. and J.E. declare no conflicts of interest. C.E.G. reports grants from NHMRC, during the conduct of the study; grants from EndoFound USA, grants from Ferring Research Innovation, grants from United States Department of Defence, grants from Clue-Utopia Research Foundation, outside the submitted work. CEF reports grants from EndoFound USA, grants from Clue-Utopia Research Foundation, outside the submitted work.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Wyatt
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - C E Filby
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - M L Davies-Tuck
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - S G Suke
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - J Evans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia.,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - C E Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
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13
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Mirmohseni Namini N, Abdollahi A, Movahedi M, Emami Razavi A, Saghiri R. HE4, A New Potential Tumor Marker for Early Diagnosis and Predicting of Breast Cancer Progression. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 16:284-296. [PMID: 34306124 PMCID: PMC8298057 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2021.135323.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objective: This study examined the potential of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as a marker in early diagnosis or as a prognostic factor for breast cancer (BC) patients. Methods: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with BC were enrolled in the study between 2008 and 2018. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HE4 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the BC tissue and the non-tumoral adjacent tissue. Using ELISA technique, HE4 plasma levels were also measured in 43 BC patients compared to 43 healthy individuals. The correlation between HE4 expression and clinicopathological features was then investigated. Results: An increase in HE4 expression was observed at mRNA and protein levels in the BC group compared to the control group (P<0.01, P<0.0001, respectively). In addition, the relative expression of HE4 mRNA in BC patients showed a significant correlation with the differentiation grade of cancer cells (P<0.001). Plasma levels of HE4 was also associated with grade (P<0.0001), stage, and tumor size in BC patients (for both P<0.01). Patients with metastatic BC (P<0.01), lymphatic invasion, and lymph node involvement (for both P<0.05) showed significantly higher plasma levels of HE4 expression than patients without metastasis. Conclusion: According to our findings, upregulation of HE4 may be related to invasive BC phenotype. Measuring plasma levels of HE4 could be useful as a screening test in early diagnosis of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Mirmohseni Namini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Movahedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor Bank, Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saghiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Nugteren S, Samsom JN. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) in mucosal tissues: Protects against inflammation, but promotes cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:22-35. [PMID: 33602652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is continuously challenged with large quantities of exogenous antigens at the barriers between the external environment and internal human tissues. Antimicrobial activity is essential at these sites, though the immune responses must be tightly regulated to prevent tissue destruction by inflammation. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) is an evolutionarily conserved, pleiotropic protein expressed at mucosal surfaces, mainly by epithelial cells. SLPI inhibits proteases, exerts antimicrobial activity and inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory gene transcription. SLPI maintains homeostasis at barrier tissues by preventing tissue destruction and regulating the threshold of inflammatory immune responses, while protecting the host from infection. However, excessive expression of SLPI in cancer cells may have detrimental consequences, as recent studies demonstrate that overexpression of SLPI increases the metastatic potential of epithelial tumors. Here, we review the varied functions of SLPI in the respiratory tract, skin, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary tract, and then discuss the mechanisms by which SLPI may contribute to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Nugteren
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Li AL, Zhu YM, Gao LQ, Wei SY, Wang MT, Ma Q, Zheng YY, Li JH, Wang QF. Exploration of the Immune-Related Signatures and Immune Infiltration Analysis in Melanoma. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2021; 2021:4743971. [PMID: 33511023 PMCID: PMC7826228 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4743971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate immune-related signatures and immune infiltration in melanoma. The transcriptome profiling and clinical data of melanoma were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and their matched normal samples were obtained from the Genotype-Tissue Expression database. After merging the genome expression data using Perl, the limma package was used for data normalization. We screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and obtained immune signatures associated with melanoma by an immune-related signature list from the InnateDB database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify potential prognostic immune genes, and LASSO analysis was used to identify the hub genes. Next, based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, we constructed a risk model for melanoma. We investigated the correlation between risk score and clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) of patients. Based on the TIMER database, the association between selected immune signatures and immune cell distribution was evaluated. Next, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed using CIBERSORT, which confirmed the differential distribution of immune-infiltrating cells between different risk groups. We obtained a list of 91 differentially expressed immune-related signatures. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these immune-related DEGs participated in several areas of immune-related crosstalk, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and Th17 cell differentiation pathway. A risk model was established based on multivariate Cox analysis results, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed. The Kruskal-Wallis test suggested that a high risk score indicated a poorer OS and correlated with higher American Joint Committee on Cancer-TNM (AJCC-TNM) stages and advanced pathological stages (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the association between hub immune signatures and immune cell distribution was evaluated in specific tumor samples. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to estimate immune infiltration density in the two groups, and results showed that the high-risk group exhibited a lower infiltration density, and the dominant immune cells included M0 macrophages (P = 0.023) and activated mast cells (P = 0.005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-lan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Yong-mei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Lai-qiang Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Shu-yue Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Ming-tao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - You-you Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Jian-hua Li
- Department of Dermatology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying 257091, China
| | - Qing-feng Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Liaoning University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110079, China
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16
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Farr L, Ghosh S, Moonah S. Role of MIF Cytokine/CD74 Receptor Pathway in Protecting Against Injury and Promoting Repair. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1273. [PMID: 32655566 PMCID: PMC7325688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing after an injury is essential for life. An in-depth understanding of the healing process is necessary to ultimately improve the currently limited treatment options for patients suffering as a result of damage to various organs and tissues. Injuries, even the most minor, trigger an inflammatory response that protects the host and activates repair pathways. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in delineating the mechanisms by which inflammatory cytokines and their receptors facilitate tissue repair and regeneration. This mini review focuses on emerging literature on the role of the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its cell membrane receptor CD74, in protecting against injury and promoting healing in different parts of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Farr
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Swagata Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Shannon Moonah
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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17
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Stefanello ST, de Carvalho NR, Reis SB, Soares FAA, Barcelos RP. Acetaminophen Oxidation and Inflammatory Markers - A Review of Hepatic Molecular Mechanisms and Preclinical Studies. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1225-1236. [PMID: 32386489 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200510014418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic for pain management, especially useful in chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, easy access to this medicine has increased the occurrence of episodes of poisoning. Patients often develop severe liver damage, which may quickly lead to death. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted to identify new biomarkers that allow the prediction of the degree of acetaminophen intoxication and thus intervene in a timely manner to save patients' lives. This review highlights the main mechanisms of the induction and progression of liver damage arising from acetaminophen poisoning. In addition, we have discussed the possibility of using new clinical biomarkers for detecting acetaminophen poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Terra Stefanello
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Beder Reis
- Institudo de Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Programa de Posgraduacao em Bioexperimentacao, Universidade de Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Bioquimica Toxicologica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
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18
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Xie W, Zhang H, Qin S, Zhang J, Fan X, Yin Y, Liang R, Long H, Yi W, Fu D, Ma C, Lv M, Yu F. The expression and clinical significance of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) in mammary carcinoma using bioinformatics analysis. Gene 2019; 720:144088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Munn LL, Garkavtsev I. SLPI: a new target for stopping metastasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:13-14. [PMID: 29356683 PMCID: PMC5811255 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lance L Munn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Igor Garkavtsev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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20
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Takamura T, Suguro H, Mikami Y, Iwase T, Komiyama Y, Kuyama K, Komiyama K, Oki H. Comparison of gene expression profiles of gingival carcinoma Ca9-22 cells and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells to identify potentially important mediators of SLPI-induced cell migration. J Oral Sci 2018. [PMID: 28637988 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor whose expression level is positively correlated with tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential. However, the mechanism underlying SLPI-induced enhancement of malignant phenotype is not completely understood. The malignancy of cancer cells is highly dependent on cell migration activity. Our previous study revealed that gingival carcinoma Ca9-22 cells, but not colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells, expressed SLPI. Therefore, we investigated the migration activity of these two cell types to understand the nature of SLPI-mediated tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential. In vitro wound healing assay indicated that HT-29 cells and SLPI-deleted Ca9-22 cells showed lower migration activity than wild-type Ca9-22 cells, suggesting that SLPI-induced cell migration plays an important role in tumor aggressiveness and metastatic potential. In addition, our gene expression profiling study based on microarray data for the three cell types identified a number of candidates, including LCP1 and GLI, that could be key molecules in the mechanism of SLPI-induced cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Takamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hisashi Suguro
- Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Yoshikazu Mikami
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Takashi Iwase
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Yusuke Komiyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kayo Kuyama
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Kazuo Komiyama
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiderou Oki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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21
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Kozin SV, Maimon N, Wang R, Gupta N, Munn L, Jain RK, Garkavtsev I. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) as a potential target for inhibiting metastasis of triple-negative breast cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108292-108302. [PMID: 29312532 PMCID: PMC5752445 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SLPI has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of certain cancers. However, the effects of SLPI seem to be tumor-specific and the mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that highly metastatic, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) 4T1 cells secreted more SLPI compared to their non-metastatic counterparts. Furthermore, SLPI secretion directly correlated with spontaneous lung metastasis from 4T1 tumors orthotopically implanted in mice. Consistent with our experimental results, we also found that higher SLPI expression levels correlate with worse clinical outcome in basal/TNBC patients. Using high-throughput screening we identified a novel compound, C74, which significantly inhibits SLPI secretion. C74 administration in our mouse model slows the growth of primary 4T1 tumors and inhibits their dissemination to the lung. We also discovered that SLPI physically interacts with the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) and releases FoxM1 from the Rb-FoxM1 complex, which may activate FoxM1 target genes involved in breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Kozin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Maimon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nisha Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance Munn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Garkavtsev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Shachar I. An essential MIF-CD74 signaling axis in kidney tubular regeneration, with prospects for precision medicine and pharmacological augmentation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1084-F1086. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00283.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Idit Shachar
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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23
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Chen Y, Huang L, Wang S, Liu T, Wu Y, Li JL, Li M. WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 promotes metastasis of human ovarian cancer by regulation of metastasis-associated genes. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:40. [PMID: 28679402 PMCID: PMC5499000 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2) shows a tumor-restricted upregulated pattern of expression in ovarian cancer. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the role of WFCD2 in tumor mobility, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer in clinical tissue and in ovarian cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our results revealed WFCD2 was overexpressed in ovarian tissues, and the expression level of WFCD2 was associated with metastasis and lymph node metastasis. Higher expression of WFCD2 was also observed in aggressive HO8910-PM cells than in HO8910 cells, and WFCD2 knockdown halted cell migration, invasion, tumorigenicity and metastasis in ovarian cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of WFDC2 induced the down-regulation of ICAM-1, CD44, and MMP2. CONCLUSION In summary, our work demonstrates that WFCD2 promotes metastasis in ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that WFCD2 plays a critical role in promoting metastasis and may constitute a potential therapeutic target of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Suihai Wang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Ming Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Institute of Antibody Engineering, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatainan Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Ochi A, Chen D, Schulte W, Leng L, Moeckel N, Piecychna M, Averdunk L, Stoppe C, Bucala R, Moeckel G. MIF-2/D-DT enhances proximal tubular cell regeneration through SLPI- and ATF4-dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F767-F780. [PMID: 28539339 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00683.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine with pleiotropic actions that is produced by several organs and cell types. Depending on the target cell and the inflammatory context, MIF can engage its two component receptor complex CD74 and CD44 and the chemokine receptors CXCR2/4. MIF is constitutively expressed in renal proximal tubular cells, stored in intracellular preformed pools, and released at a low rate. Recently, a second MIF-like protein (i.e., MIF-2/D-DT) has been characterized in mammals. Our study was aimed at examining the role of MIF-2/D-DT, which mediates tissue protection in the heart, in tubular cell regeneration from ischemia-reperfusion injury. We found that Mif-/-, Mif-2-/-, and Cd74-/- mice had significantly worse tubular injury compared with wild-type (WT) control mice and that treatment with MIF-2/D-DT significantly improved recovery of injured epithelial cells. RNAseq analysis of kidney tissue from the ischemia-reperfusion injury model revealed that MIF-2/D-DT treatment stimulates secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) and cyclin D1 expression. MIF-2/D-DT additionally activates of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2α and activating transcription factor (ATF) 4, two transcription factors involved in the integrated stress response (ISR), which is a cellular stress response activated by hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and oxygen radicals. MIF-2/D-DT also inhibited apoptosis and induced autophagy in hypoxia-treated mouse proximal tubular (MPT) cells. These results indicate that MIF-2/D-DT is an important factor in tubular cell regeneration and may be of therapeutic utility as a regenerative agent in the clinical setting of ischemic acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Ochi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wibke Schulte
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Lin Leng
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Nickolas Moeckel
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marta Piecychna
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Luisa Averdunk
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Gilbert Moeckel
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
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Zhong QQ, Wang X, Li YF, Peng LJ, Jiang ZS. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor promising protective roles in obesity-associated atherosclerosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:250-257. [PMID: 27698252 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216672747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a serine protease inhibitor, which was most commonly examined in mucosal fluids such as saliva, is a versatile molecule and plays non-redundant roles. In addition to its anti-protease activity, SLPI has been shown to express anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory properties as well as participating in innate and adaptive immune responses, most of which has been well documented. Recently, it is reported that SLPI is expressed in adipocytes and adipose tissue where it could play an important feedback role in the resolution of inflammation. Furthermore, circulating SLPI has been shown to correlate with progressive metabolic dysfunction. Moreover, adenoviral gene delivery of elafin and SLPI attenuates nuclear factor-κB-dependent inflammatory responses of human endothelial cells and macrophages to atherogenic stimuli. This review contributes to unraveling the protective role of SLPI in obesity-related atherosclerosis development, and the potential role in preventing arterial plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qing Zhong
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,2 Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,3 Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- 3 Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- 3 Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Li-Jun Peng
- 2 Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.,4 Department of Science and Teaching, Children's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- 2 Post-doctoral Mobile Stations for Basic Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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26
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Kim HS, Ha KS, Kwon HC, Lee SJ, Kim CH, Cheon YP. Enhancing the developmental competence of the early embryo using secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor. Differentiation 2016; 92:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Majchrzak-Gorecka M, Majewski P, Grygier B, Murzyn K, Cichy J. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a multifunctional protein in the host defense response. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 28:79-93. [PMID: 26718149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a ∼12kDa nonglycosylated cationic protein, is emerging as an important regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and as a component of tissue regenerative programs. First described as an inhibitor of serine proteases such as neutrophil elastase, this protein is increasingly recognized as a molecule that benefits the host via its anti-proteolytic, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory activities. Here, we discuss the diverse functions of SLPI. Moreover, we review several novel layers of SLPI-mediated control that protect the host from excessive/dysregulated inflammation typical of infectious, allergic and autoinflammatory diseases and that support healing responses through affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majchrzak-Gorecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Grygier
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Murzyn
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Yarbrough VL, Winkle S, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Antimicrobial peptides in the female reproductive tract: a critical component of the mucosal immune barrier with physiological and clinical implications. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 21:353-77. [PMID: 25547201 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the interface of the external environment and the mucosal surface of the female reproductive tract (FRT) lies a first-line defense against pathogen invasion that includes antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Comprised of a unique class of multifunctional, amphipathic molecules, AMP employ a wide range of functions to limit microbial invasion and replication within host cells as well as independently modulate the immune system, dampen inflammation and maintain tissue homeostasis. The role of AMP in barrier defense at the level of the skin and gut has received much attention as of late. Given the far reaching implications for women's health, maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, and sexually transmissible and polymicrobial diseases, we herein review the distribution and function of key AMP throughout the female reproductive mucosa and assess their role as an essential immunological barrier to microbial invasion throughout the reproductive cycle of a woman's lifetime. METHODS A comprehensive search in PubMed/Medline was conducted related to AMP general structure, function, signaling, expression, distribution and barrier function of AMP in the FRT, hormone regulation of AMP, the microbiome of the FRT, and AMP in relation to implantation, pregnancy, fertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, complications of pregnancy and assisted reproductive technology. RESULTS AMP are amphipathic peptides that target microbes for destruction and have been conserved throughout all living organisms. In the FRT, several major classes of AMP are expressed constitutively and others are inducible at the mucosal epithelium and by immune cells. AMP expression is also under the influence of sex hormones, varying throughout the menstrual cycle, and dependent on the vaginal microbiome. AMP can prevent infection with sexually transmissible and opportunistic pathogens of the female reproductive tissues, although emerging understanding of vaginal dysbiosis suggests induction of a unique AMP profile with increased susceptibility to these pathogens. During pregnancy, AMP are key immune effectors of the fetal membranes and placenta and are dysregulated in states of intrauterine infection and other complications of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS At the level of the FRT, AMP serve to inhibit infection by sexually and vertically transmissible as well as by opportunistic bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa and must do so throughout the hormone flux of menses and pregnancy. Guarding the exclusive site of reproduction, AMP modulate the vaginal microbiome of the lower FRT to aid in preventing ascending microbes into the upper FRT. Evolving in parallel with, and in response to, pathogenic insults, AMP are relatively immune to the resistance mechanisms employed by rapidly evolving pathogens and play a key role in barrier function and host defense throughout the FRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Yarbrough
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, , Phoenix, AZ 85004-2157, USA
| | - Sean Winkle
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, , Phoenix, AZ 85004-2157, USA
| | - Melissa M Herbst-Kralovetz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, , Phoenix, AZ 85004-2157, USA
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Antoniades CG, Khamri W, Abeles RD, Taams LS, Triantafyllou E, Possamai LA, Bernsmeier C, Mitry RR, O'Brien A, Gilroy D, Goldin R, Heneghan M, Heaton N, Jassem W, Bernal W, Vergani D, Ma Y, Quaglia A, Wendon J, Thursz M. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor: a pivotal mediator of anti-inflammatory responses in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Hepatology 2014; 59:1564-76. [PMID: 24282114 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (AALF) is characterized both by activation of innate immune responses and susceptibility to sepsis. Circulating monocytes and hepatic macrophages are central mediators of inflammatory responses and tissue repair processes during human AALF. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) modulates monocyte/macrophage function through inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The aims of this study were to establish the role of SLPI in AALF. Circulating levels of SLPI, monocyte cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated levels of NF-κBp65, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were determined in patients with AALF, chronic liver disease, and healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging of AALF explant tissue determined the cellular sources of SLPI and hepatic macrophage phenotype. The phenotype and function of monocytes and macrophages was determined following culture with recombinant human (rh)-SLPI, liver homogenates, and plasma derived from AALF patients in the presence and absence of antihuman (α)SLPI. Hepatic and circulatory concentrations of SLPI were elevated in AALF and immunohistochemistry revealed SLPI expression in biliary epithelial cells and within hepatic macrophages (h-mψ) in areas of necrosis. H-mψ and circulating monocytes in AALF exhibited an anti-inflammatory phenotype and functional characteristics; typified by reductions in NF-κBp65, TNF-α, and IL-6 and preserved IL-10 secretion following LPS challenge. Culture of healthy monocytes with AALF liver homogenates, plasma, or rhSLPI induced monocytes with strikingly similar anti-inflammatory characteristics which were reversed by inhibiting the activity of SLPI. CONCLUSION SLPI is a pivotal mediator of anti-inflammatory responses in AALF through modulation of monocyte/macrophage function, which may account for the susceptibility to sepsis in AALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Gustav Antoniades
- Section of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK; Institute of Liver Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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A lack of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) causes defects in granulocytic differentiation. Blood 2013; 123:1239-49. [PMID: 24352879 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-06-508887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified diminished levels of the natural inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), in myeloid cells and plasma of patients with severe congenital neutropenia (CN). We further found that downregulation of SLPI in CD34(+) bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitors from healthy individuals resulted in markedly reduced in vitro myeloid differentiation accompanied by cell-cycle arrest and elevated apoptosis. Reciprocal regulation of SLPI by NE is well documented, and we previously demonstrated diminished NE levels in CN patients. Here, we found that transduction of myeloid cells with wild-type NE or treatment with exogenous NE increased SLPI messenger RNA and protein levels, whereas transduction of mutant forms of NE or inhibition of NE resulted in downregulation of SLPI. An analysis of the mechanisms underlying the diminished myeloid differentiation caused by reduced SLPI levels revealed that downregulation of SLPI with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) upregulated nuclear factor κB levels and reduced phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2)-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF-1). Notably, microarray analyses revealed severe defects in signaling cascades regulating the cell cycle, including c-Myc-downstream signaling, in myeloid cells transduced with SLPI shRNA. Taken together, these results indicate that SLPI controls the proliferation, differentiation, and cell cycle of myeloid cells.
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Amiano NO, Costa MJ, Reiteri RM, Payés C, Guerrieri D, Tateosian NL, Sánchez ML, Maffia PC, Diament M, Karas R, Orqueda A, Rizzo M, Alaniz L, Mazzolini G, Klein S, Sallenave JM, Chuluyan HE. Anti-tumor effect of SLPI on mammary but not colon tumor growth. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:469-75. [PMID: 22767220 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) is a serine protease inhibitor that was related to cancer development and metastasis dissemination on several types of tumors. However, it is not known the effect of SLPI on mammary and colon tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of SLPI on mammary and colon tumor growth. The effect of SLPI was tested on in vitro cell apoptosis and in vivo tumor growth experiments. SLPI over-expressing human and murine mammary and colon tumor cells were generated by gene transfection. The administration of murine mammary tumor cells over-expressing high levels of SLPI did not develop tumors in mice. On the contrary, the administration of murine colon tumor cells over-expressing SLPI, developed faster tumors than control cells. Intratumoral, but not intraperitoneal administration of SLPI, delayed the growth of tumors and increased the survival of mammary but not colon tumor bearing mice. In vitro culture of mammary tumor cell lines treated with SLPI, and SLPI producer clones were more prone to apoptosis than control cells, mainly under serum deprivation culture conditions. Herein we demonstrated that SLPI induces the apoptosis of mammary tumor cells in vitro and decreases the mammary but not colon tumor growth in vivo. Therefore, SLPI may be a new potential therapeutic tool for certain tumors, such as mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás O Amiano
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nittayananta W, Kemapunmanus M, Yangngam S, Talungchit S, Sriplung H. Expression of oral secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in HIV-infected subjects with long-term use of antiretroviral therapy. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 42:208-15. [PMID: 23126266 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to determine (i) the expression of oral secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in HIV-infected subjects compared with non-HIV controls, (ii) the oral SLPI expression in HIV-infected subjects with antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared with those without ART, and (iii) factors associated with the expression of oral SLPI. METHODS Oral tissues and samples of both un-stimulated and stimulated saliva were collected from HIV-infected subjects with and without ART, and non-HIV individuals. The expression of SLPI mRNA in the tissue was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Salivary SLPI protein was detected using ELISA. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to determine the association between HIV/ART status and the expression of oral SLPI. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-seven HIV-infected subjects were enrolled: 99 on ART (age range, 23-57 years; mean, 39 years), 58 not on ART (age range, 20-59 years; mean, 34 years), and 50 non-HIV controls (age range, 19-59 years; mean, 36 years). The most common ART regimen was 2NRTIs + 1NNRTI. The expression of oral SLPI in stimulated saliva was significantly decreased with HIV infection (P < 0.001). The expression was also significantly different with respect to ART use (P = 0.007). Smoking, CD4(+) cell count, and HIV viral load were the factors associated with the oral SLPI expression. CONCLUSION The expression of oral SLPI is altered by HIV infection and use of ART. Thus, oral SLPI may be the useful biomarker to identify subjects at risk of infections and malignant transformation due to HIV infection and long-term ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipawee Nittayananta
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.
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Chen Y, Mu X, Wang S, Zhao L, Wu Y, Li J, Li M. WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 mediates the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells through the regulation of growth- and apoptosis-associated genes. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:288-96. [PMID: 23129262 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2) is frequently overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and has been proposed as a potential biomarker. The biological function of WFDC2 in tumor progression remains unclear. In this study, the stable expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against WFDC2 in the human ovarian SKOV3 cell line was established. Cell proliferation in vitro was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by FACS. The expression of genes related to cell proliferation and survival was detected by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. In vivo tumor growth assay was performed by establishing WFDC2-knockdown xenografts in nude mice and monitoring tumor growth. The expression of WFDC2, Ki67 and activated caspase-3 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in order to determine the role of WFDC2 in proliferation and apoptosis. Our results revealed that the silencing of WFDC2 abolished ovarian cancer cell proliferation, suppressing tumor formation and growth in ovarian cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The knockdown of WFDC2 induced upregulation of Fasl and the downregulation of cyclin D1 activated caspase-3 and Ki67. These results indicate that WFDC2 plays a crucial role in tumor formation and growth in ovarian cancer cells. WFDC2 may be a potential therapeutic target for epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
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Ferreira L, Fuentes-Calvo I, Muñoz-Félix JM, Muñiz-Martín C, Sánchez-Juanes F, Raposo C, González-Buitrago JM, López-Novoa JM, Martínez-Salgado C. Functional specific roles of H-ras and N-ras. A proteomic approach using knockout cell lines. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1385-96. [PMID: 22648805 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ras small GTPases function as transducers of extracellular signals regulating cell survival, growth and differentiation. There are three major ras isoforms: H-, N- and K-Ras. To improve the understanding of H- and N-Ras protein signalling networks, we compared total proteome changes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts knock out for H-ras and/or N-ras, using proteomics tools combining 2DE, semi-quantitative image analysis, in-gel trypsin digestion and mass spectrometry. There are four up-regulated proteins due to the loss of expression of H-Ras (including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) and eight down-regulated (including stress-70 protein, dihydropyrimidinase-related-protein 3, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, tropomyosin beta chain, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1) and six up-regulated proteins (e.g. leukocyte elastase inhibitor A, L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain, c-Myc-responsive protein Rcl, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein) due to the loss of expression of both N- and H-Ras. Most of these proteins are related to Ras signalling in one way or another. Changes in expression of some of these proteins were further confirmed by Western blot. This proteomic comparative analysis from loss of function of H- and N-Ras knockout fibroblasts yields interpretable data to elucidate the differential protein expression, and contributes to evaluate the possibilities for physiological and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferreira
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Spain
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Müller AM, Jun E, Conlon H, Sadiq SA. Inhibition of SLPI ameliorates disease activity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:30. [PMID: 22436018 PMCID: PMC3352067 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) exerts wide ranging effects on inflammatory pathways and is upregulated in EAE but the biological role of SLPI in EAE, an animal model of multiple sclerosis is unknown Methods To investigate the pathophysiological effects of SLPI within EAE, we induced SLPI-neutralizing antibodies in mice and rats to determine the clinical severity of the disease. In addition we studied the effects of SLPI on the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β. Results The induction of SLPI neutralizing antibodies resulted in a milder disease course in mouse and rat EAE. SLPI neutralization was associated with increased serum levels of TGF-β and increased numbers of FoxP3+ CD4+ T cells in lymph nodes. In vitro, the addition of SLPI significantly decreased the number of functional FoxP3+ CD25hi CD4+ regulatory T cells in cultures of naive human CD4+ T cells. Adding recombinant TGF-β to SLPI-treated human T cell cultures neutralized SLPI's inhibitory effect on regulatory T cell differentiation. Conclusion In EAE, SLPI exerts potent pro-inflammatory actions by modulation of T-cell activity and its neutralization may be beneficial for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Michael Müller
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center of New York, 521 W 57th Street, 4th floor, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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Lu R, Sun X, Xiao R, Zhou L, Gao X, Guo L. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) plays a key role in ovarian cancer cell adhesion and motility. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:274-80. [PMID: 22342977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a novel and specific biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We previously demonstrated that serum HE4 levels were significantly elevated in the majority of EOC patients but not in subjects with benign disease or healthy controls. However, the precise mechanism of HE4 protein function is unknown. In this study, we generated HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 cells and found that stably transduced cells promoted cell adhesion and migration. Knockdown of HE4 expression was achieved by stable transfection of SKOV3 cells with a construct encoding a short hairpin DNA directed against the HE4 gene. Correspondingly, the proliferation and spreading ability of HE4-expressed cells were inhibited by HE4 suppression. Mechanistically, impaired EGFR and Erk1/2 phosphorylation were observed in cells with HE4 knockdown. The phosphorylation was restored when the knockdown cells were cultured in conditioned medium containing HE4. Moreover, in vivo tumorigenicity showed that HE4 suppression markedly inhibited the growth of tumors. This suggests that expression of HE4 is associated with cancer cell adhesion, migration and tumor growth, which can be related to its effects on the EGFR-MAPK signaling pathway. Our results provide evidence of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie the motility-promoting role of HE4 in EOC progression. The role of HE4 as a target for gene-based therapy might be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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Amiano N, Reiteri RM, Costa MJ, Tateosian N, Chuluyan HE. Immunotherapy with SLPI over-expressing mammary tumor cells decreases tumor growth. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:895-900. [PMID: 21519828 PMCID: PMC11028689 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that the inoculation of murine mammary tumor cells genetically modified to express high levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (2C1) do not develop tumors in immunocompetent mice and these cells are more prone to apoptosis than control cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of the adaptive immune response in the lack of tumor growth of 2C1 cells and the possibility of using these cells for immunotherapy. The s.c. administration of mock transfected F3II cells induces tumor in BALB/c and Nude mice. However, the inoculation of 2C1 cells develops tumor in Nude but not in BALB/c mice. The inoculation of mock transfected F3II cells to 2C1 immunized BALB/c mice by repeated administration of 2C1 cells (once a week for 3 weeks) developed significantly smaller tumors than those observed in non-immunized mice. Remarkably, survival of tumor-bearing immunized mice was higher than non-immunized animals. Herein, we demonstrate that an immunotherapy with SLPI over-expressing non-irradiated tumor cells which do not develop tumor in immunocompetent mice, partially restrain the tumor growth induced by F3II cells and increase the survival of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Amiano
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, PC: C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R. Macarena Reiteri
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, PC: C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J. Costa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, PC: C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Tateosian
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, PC: C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H. Eduardo Chuluyan
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, PC: C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Wang G, Lim DS, Choi BD, Park JJ, Jeong SJ, Kim JS, Kim JD, Park JS, Kim EK, Kim BH, Ham JH, Jeong MJ. Effect of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor on migration and invasion of human KB oral carcinoma cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2011.577573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Wex T, Kuester D, Schönberg C, Schindele D, Treiber G, Malfertheiner P. Mucosal Progranulin expression is induced by H. pylori, but independent of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) expression. BMC Gastroenterol 2011; 11:63. [PMID: 21612671 PMCID: PMC3115905 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-11-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucosal levels of Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) are specifically reduced in relation to H. pylori-induced gastritis. Progranulin is an epithelial growth factor that is proteolytically degraded into fragments by elastase (the main target of SLPI). Considering the role of SLPI for regulating the activity of elastase, we studied whether the H. pylori-induced reduction of SLPI and the resulting increase of elastase-derived activity would reduce the Progranulin protein levels both ex vivo and in vitro. Methods The expression of Progranulin was studied in biopsies of H. pylori-positive, -negative and -eradicated subjects as well as in the gastric tumor cell line AGS by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Results H. pylori-infected subjects had about 2-fold increased antral Progranulin expression compared to H. pylori-negative and -eradicated subjects (P < 0.05). Overall, no correlations between mucosal Progranulin and SLPI levels were identified. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the upregulation of Progranulin in relation to H. pylori infection; both epithelial and infiltrating immune cells contributed to the higher Progranulin expression levels. The H. pylori-induced upregulation of Progranulin was verified in AGS cells infected by H. pylori. The down-regulation of endogenous SLPI expression in AGS cells by siRNA methodology did not affect the Progranulin expression independent of the infection by H. pylori. Conclusions Taken together, Progranulin was identified as novel molecule that is upregulated in context to H. pylori infection. In contrast to other diseases, SLPI seems not to have a regulatory role for Progranulin in H. pylori-mediated gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str, 44, Magdeburg, D-39120, Germany.
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Cordes C, Häsler R, Werner C, Görögh T, Röcken C, Hebebrand L, Kast WM, Hoffmann M, Schreiber S, Ambrosch P. The level of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is decreased in metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2011; 39:185-91. [PMID: 21503571 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) represent the sixth largest group among all human malignancies. However, the exact molecular mechanisms inducing the genesis and the progression of metastasis in these tumors are poorly understood. The identification of molecular alterations involved in metastasis of HNSCC might influence the value of clinical diagnostics, impact therapy strategies and finally improve the prognosis of the patients. The purpose of this study was to identify clinically relevant alterations at the transcriptional and translational levels, when comparing metastatic (N+) and non-metastatic (N0) primary HNSCC. Three transcripts HERPUD1, SLPI and RAD51 were selected for further validation based on their association with carcinogenesis and metastasis. Quantitative real-time-PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels. For subsequent confirmation of the results, immunohistochemistry was performed applying a monoclonal anti-SLPI antibody on 121 HNSCC tumor specimens (N0, n=40; N+, n=81). In metastatic primary cancer, SLPI mRNA showed 5.9-fold lower expression in comparison with non-metastatic primary cancer (p=0.0092). Immunohistochemical staining revealed a fold change of -1.79 between the N+ and the N0 group (p=0.0002). The results presented here clearly indicate the repression of SLPI, measurable on both, mRNA and protein levels in metastatic primary HNSCC as compared to non-metastatic HNSCC. Therefore, it can be assumed that SLPI might have a substantial protective effect on the metastasis process of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cordes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Haus 27, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Simmons CD, Pabona JM, Zeng Z, Velarde MC, Gaddy D, Simmen FA, Simmen RCM. Response of adult mouse uterus to early disruption of estrogen receptor-alpha signaling is influenced by Krüppel-like factor 9. J Endocrinol 2010; 205:147-57. [PMID: 20164373 PMCID: PMC2972657 DOI: 10.1677/joe-09-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate early exposure of the hormone-responsive uterus to estrogenic compounds is associated with increased risk for adult reproductive diseases including endometrial cancers. While the dysregulation of estrogen receptor-alpha (ESR1) signaling is well acknowledged to mediate early events in tumor initiation, mechanisms contributing to sustained ESR1 activity later in life and leading to induction of oncogenic pathways remain poorly understood. We had shown previously that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) represses ESR1 expression and activity in Ishikawa endometrial glandular epithelial cells. We hypothesized that KLF9 functions as a tumor suppressor, and that loss of its expression enhances ESR1 signaling. Here, we evaluated the contribution of KLF9 to early perturbations in uterine ESR1 signaling pathways elicited by the administration of synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) to wild-type (WT) and Klf9 null (KO) mice on postnatal days (PNDs) 1-5. Uterine tissues collected at PND84 were subjected to histological, immunological, and molecular analyses. Compared with WT mice, KO mice demonstrated larger endometrial glands and lower endometrial gland numbers; DES exposure exacerbated these differences. Loss of KLF9 expression resulted in increased glandular ESR1 immunoreactivity with DES, without effects on serum estradiol levels. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses indicated altered expression of uterine genes commonly dysregulated in endometrial cancers (Akt1, Mmp9, Slpi, and Tgfbeta1) and of those involved in growth regulation (Fos, Myc, Tert, and Syk), with loss of Klf9, alone or in concert with DES. Our data support a molecular network between KLF9 and ESR1 in the uterus, and suggest that silencing of KLF9 may contribute to endometrial dysfunctions initiated by aberrant estrogen action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R C M Simmen
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
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Cheng WL, Wang CS, Huang YH, Liang Y, Lin PY, Hsueh C, Wu YC, Chen WJ, Yu CJ, Lin SR, Lin KH. Overexpression of a secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human gastric cancer. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:1787-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Cimino D, Fuso L, Sfiligoi C, Biglia N, Ponzone R, Maggiorotto F, Russo G, Cicatiello L, Weisz A, Taverna D, Sismondi P, De Bortoli M. Identification of new genes associated with breast cancer progression by gene expression analysis of predefined sets of neoplastic tissues. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:1327-38. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Simmen FA, Su Y, Xiao R, Zeng Z, Simmen RCM. The Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) network in HEC-1-A endometrial carcinoma cells suggests the carcinogenic potential of dys-regulated KLF9 expression. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2008; 6:41. [PMID: 18783612 PMCID: PMC2542371 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-6-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) is a transcriptional regulator of uterine endometrial cell proliferation, adhesion and differentiation; processes essential for pregnancy success and which are subverted during tumorigenesis. The network of endometrial genes controlled by KLF9 is largely unknown. Over-expression of KLF9 in the human endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1-A alters cell morphology, proliferative indices, and differentiation, when compared to KLF9 under-expressing HEC-1-A cells. This cell line provides a unique model for identifying KLF9 downstream gene targets and signaling pathways. METHODS HEC-1-A sub-lines differing in relative levels of KLF9 were subjected to microarray analysis to identify differentially-regulated RNAs. RESULTS KLF9 under-expression induced twenty four genes. The KLF9-suppressed mRNAs encode protein participants in: aldehyde metabolism (AKR7A2, ALDH1A1); regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility (e.g., ANK3, ITGB8); cellular detoxification (SULT1A1, ABCC4); cellular signaling (e.g., ACBD3, FZD5, RAB25, CALB1); and transcriptional regulation (PAX2, STAT1). Sixty mRNAs were more abundant in KLF9 over-expressing sub-lines. The KLF9-induced mRNAs encode proteins which participate in: regulation and function of the actin cytoskeleton (COTL1, FSCN1, FXYD5, MYO10); cell adhesion, extracellular matrix and basement membrane formation (e.g., AMIGO2, COL4A1, COL4A2, LAMC2, NID2); transport (CLIC4); cellular signaling (e.g., BCAR3, MAPKAPK3); transcriptional regulation [e.g., KLF4, NR3C1 (glucocorticoid receptor), RXRalpha], growth factor/cytokine actions (SLPI, BDNF); and membrane-associated proteins and receptors (e.g., CXCR4, PTCH1). In addition, the abundance of mRNAs that encode hypothetical proteins (KLF9-inhibited: C12orf29 and C1orf186; KLF9-induced: C10orf38 and C9orf167) were altered by KLF9 expression. Human endometrial tumors of high tumor grade had decreased KLF9 mRNA abundance. CONCLUSION KLF9 influences the expression of uterine epithelial genes through mechanisms likely involving its transcriptional activator and repressor functions and which may underlie altered tumor biology with aberrant KLF9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1212 Marshall Street, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202, USA
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1212 Marshall Street, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202, USA
| | - Rijin Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1212 Marshall Street, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1212 Marshall Street, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202, USA
| | - Rosalia CM Simmen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 1212 Marshall Street, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202, USA
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Mueller AM, Pedré X, Stempfl T, Kleiter I, Couillard-Despres S, Aigner L, Giegerich G, Steinbrecher A. Novel role for SLPI in MOG-induced EAE revealed by spinal cord expression analysis. J Neuroinflammation 2008; 5:20. [PMID: 18501024 PMCID: PMC2438345 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-5-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) in female Dark Agouti (DA) rats is a chronic demyelinating animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). To identify new candidate molecules involved in the evolution or repair of EAE-lesions we used Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays to compare the spinal cord transcriptome at the peak of EAE, during remission and at the first relapse with healthy DA rats. Methods Untreated DA rats and DA rats immunised with MOG protein were sacrificed at defined time points. Total RNA was isolated from spinal cord tissue and used for hybridization of Affymetrix rat genome arrays RG U34 A-C. Selected expression values were confirmed by RealTime PCR. Adult neural stem cells were incubated with recombinant secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Proliferation was assessed by BrdU incorporation, cyclin D1 and HES1 expression by RealTime PCR, cell differentiation by immunofluorescence analysis and IkappaBalpha degradation by Western blot. Results Among approximately 26,000 transcripts studied more than 1,100 were differentially regulated. Focussing on functional themes, we noticed a sustained downregulation of most of the transcripts of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, we found new candidate genes possibly contributing to regenerative processes in the spinal cord. Twelve transcripts were solely upregulated in the recovery phase, including genes not previously associated with repair processes. Expression of SLPI was upregulated more than hundredfold during EAE attack. Using immunohistochemistry, SLPI was identified in macrophages, activated microglia, neuronal cells and astrocytes. Incubation of adult neural stem cells (NSC) with recombinant SLPI resulted in an increase of cell proliferation and of differentiation towards oligodendrocytes. These processes were paralleled by an upregulation of the cell-cycle promotor cyclin D1 and a suppression of the cell differentiation regulator HES1. Finally, SLPI prevented the degradation of IkappaBalpha, which may explain the suppression of the cell differentiation inhibitor HES1 suggesting a possible mechanism of oligodendroglial differentiation. Conclusion We identified novel features of gene expression in the CNS during EAE, in particular the suppression of genes of cholesterol biosynthesis and a strong upregulation of SLPI, a gene which is for the first time associated with autoimmune inflammation. The capacity of SLPI to increase proliferation of adult NSC and of oligodendroglial differentiation suggests a novel role for SLPI in the promotion of tissue repair, beyond its known functions in the prevention of tissue damages by protease inhibition damage and modulation of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre M Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI) belongs to the whey acidic protein four-disulfide core family of proteins, and has antimicrobial and antiprotease functions. SLPI is produced by the epithelial cells lining the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts. Gene-targeting experiments in mice indicated that one function of SLPI is to protect proepithelin from elastase cleavage in wound healing. In addition to its antiprotease function, SLPI has an anti-inflammatory function through the modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB acting intracellularly, especially in macrophages. SLPI is also produced in cancer tissues, but its role in cancer is not well understood. SLPI genes are often upregulated under tumorigenic conditions. We found a negligible number of tumors in the lungs of SLPI knockout mice 20 or 40 weeks after administration of urethane, an interesting experimental model for investigating the function of SLPI in cancer. This review discusses the normal function of SLPI and its possible roles in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Nukiwa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Sugino T, Yamaguchi T, Ogura G, Kusakabe T, Goodison S, Homma Y, Suzuki T. The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) suppresses cancer cell invasion but promotes blood-borne metastasis via an invasion-independent pathway. J Pathol 2007; 212:152-60. [PMID: 17455170 PMCID: PMC3428066 DOI: 10.1002/path.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An invasion-independent pathway has been proposed as a novel mechanism in blood-borne metastasis, where tumour cells enveloped by sinusoidal tumour vessels enter the circulation without vascular invasion. We previously identified the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) as a candidate gene responsible for this pathway. In this study, the functional role of SLPI in metastatic dissemination was investigated. We transfected the SLPI gene into a poorly metastatic clone of the MCH66 mouse mammary tumour cell line. Over-expression of SLPI promoted in vivo growth and spontaneous metastasis to the lung, whereas it suppressed invasive activity in vitro. The inoculated tumours of SLPI-transfectants exclusively induced a sinusoidal vasculature and subsequently produced endothelial-coated tumour emboli, which are morphological indices of the invasion-independent pathway. In addition, exogenous SLPI inhibited the migration activity through Matrigel of both tumour cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo angiogenesis assays also demonstrated that SLPI suppressed the migration of newly formed blood vessels. These results suggest that an anti-migratory effect of SLPI on tumour-associated endothelial cells may induce vascular remodelling to form a sinusoidal architecture, and consequently promote invasion-independent metastasis. This study provides a new model for metastasis, based on the mechanism regulated by anti-invasive factors, such as SLPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sugino
- Department of Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
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Dorai H, Li K, Huang CC, Bittner A, Galindo J, Carmen A. Genome-Wide Analysis of Mouse Myeloma Cell Lines Expressing Therapeutic Antibodies. Biotechnol Prog 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/bp0700051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wex T, Treiber G, Venerito M, Leodolter A, Peitz U, Kuester D, Hritz I, Krueger S, Roessner A, Malfertheiner P. Helicobacter pylori-induced downregulation of the secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in gastric epithelial cell lines and its functional relevance for H. pylori-mediated diseases. Biol Chem 2006; 387:893-901. [PMID: 16913839 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) exerts antiproteolytic activity towards serine proteases, as well as anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects. To investigate its role in H. pylori-mediated diseases, SLPI expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry in clinical samples and gastric tumor cell lines. Determination of the mucosal SLPI levels in 126 patients confirmed the previously reported downregulation of SLPI in H. pylori-infected patients. The lower SLPI levels in antral biopsies of H. pylori-positive subjects were associated with a 30-fold increase (p<0.01) in neutrophil elastase activity, and a significant negative correlation was demonstrated for both parameters (R=-0.63, p=0.0002). Eradication of the bacterium in a long-term study (5-7 years) led to a recovery of mucosal SLPI expression. In vitro experiments using four gastric tumor cell lines (AGS, MKN-28, MKN-45, NCI-N87) generally confirmed the clinical findings. While the co-incubation of these cell lines with H. pylori resulted in lower or unchanged SLPI protein levels, the corresponding SLPI mRNA amounts were upregulated by up to five-fold (p=0.006) in all cell lines. Taken together, these results indicate that the reduction in antral SLPI levels in H. pylori-infected subjects has a functional relevance for gastric mucosa and the H. pylori-induced decrease in SLPI is primarily regulated at the posttranslational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wex
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Laube DM, Yim S, Ryan LK, Kisich KO, Diamond G. Antimicrobial peptides in the airway. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2006; 306:153-82. [PMID: 16909921 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29916-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The airway provides numerous defense mechanisms to prevent microbial colonization by the large numbers of bacteria and viruses present in ambient air. An important component of this defense is the antimicrobial peptides and proteins present in the airway surface fluid (ASF), the mucin-rich fluid covering the respiratory epithelium. These include larger proteins such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, as well as the cationic defensin and cathelicidin peptides. While some of these peptides, such as human beta-defensin (hBD)-1, are present constitutively, others, including hBD2 and -3 are inducible in response to bacterial recognition by Toll-like receptor-mediated pathways. These peptides can act as microbicides in the ASF, but also exhibit other activities, including potent chemotactic activity for cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, suggesting they play a complex role in the host defense of the airway. Inhibition of antimicrobial peptide activity or gene expression can result in increased susceptibility to infections. This has been observed with cystic fibrosis (CF), where the CF phenotype leads to reduced antimicrobial capacity of peptides in the airway. Pathogenic virulence factors can inhibit defensin gene expression, as can environmental factors such as air pollution. Such an interference can result in infections by airway-specific pathogens including Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and influenza virus. Research into the modulation of peptide gene expression in animal models, as well as the optimization of peptide-based therapeutics shows promise for the treatment and prevention of airway infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Laube
- Department of Oral Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Dental School, Newark 07101, USA
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