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Bruschi M, Midjek L, Ajlil Y, Vairy S, Lancien M, Ghermaoui S, Kergrohen T, Verreault M, Idbaih A, de Biagi CAO, Liu I, Filbin MG, Beccaria K, Blauwblomme T, Puget S, Tauziede-Espariat A, Varlet P, Dangouloff-Ros V, Boddaert N, Le Teuff G, Grill J, Montagnac G, Elkhatib N, Debily MA, Castel D. Diffuse midline glioma invasion and metastasis rely on cell-autonomous signaling. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:553-568. [PMID: 37702430 PMCID: PMC10912010 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are pediatric tumors with negligible 2-year survival after diagnosis characterized by their ability to infiltrate the central nervous system. In the hope of controlling the local growth and slowing the disease, all patients receive radiotherapy. However, distant progression occurs frequently in DMG patients. Current clues as to what causes tumor infiltration circle mainly around the tumor microenvironment, but there are currently no known determinants to predict the degree of invasiveness. METHODS In this study, we use patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSCs) to create patient-specific 3D avatars to model interindividual invasion and elucidate the cellular supporting mechanisms. RESULTS We show that GSC models in 3D mirror the invasive behavior of the parental tumors, thus proving the ability of DMG to infiltrate as an autonomous characteristic of tumor cells. Furthermore, we distinguished 2 modes of migration, mesenchymal and ameboid-like, and associated the ameboid-like modality with GSCs derived from the most invasive tumors. Using transcriptomics of both organoids and primary tumors, we further characterized the invasive ameboid-like tumors as oligodendrocyte progenitor-like, with highly contractile cytoskeleton and reduced adhesion ability driven by crucial over-expression of bone morphogenetic pathway 7 (BMP7). Finally, we deciphered MEK, ERK, and Rho/ROCK kinases activated downstream of the BMP7 stimulation as actionable targets controlling tumor cell motility. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify 2 new therapeutic avenues. First, patient-derived GSCs represent a predictive tool for patient stratification in order to adapt irradiation strategies. Second, autocrine and short-range BMP7-related signaling becomes a druggable target to prevent DMG spread and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bruschi
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lilia Midjek
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yassine Ajlil
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephanie Vairy
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département de Cancérologie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Manon Lancien
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Samia Ghermaoui
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Kergrohen
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Maite Verreault
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, DMU Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, DMU Neurosciences, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Biagi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Ilon Liu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Kevin Beccaria
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Blauwblomme
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Puget
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Arnault Tauziede-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, ParisFrance
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR 1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris-Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, ParisFrance
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR 1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Volodia Dangouloff-Ros
- Paediatric Radiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine INSERM U1163, ParisFrance
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Paediatric Radiology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Institut Imagine INSERM U1163, ParisFrance
| | - Gwenael Le Teuff
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy and Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacques Grill
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département de Cancérologie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nadia Elkhatib
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Anne Debily
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département de Biologie, Université Evry Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - David Castel
- Inserm U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, Team Genomics and Oncogenesis of Pediatric Brain Tumors, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Christopoulou ME, Skandalis SS, Papakonstantinou E, Stolz D, Aletras AJ. WISP1 induces the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in human lung fibroblasts through Src kinases and EGFR-activated signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C850-C865. [PMID: 38145300 PMCID: PMC11193488 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00410.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1/CCN4) is a secreted matricellular protein that is implicated in lung and airway remodeling. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been associated with chronic lung diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the WISP1 signaling pathway and its ability to induce the expression of MIF in primary cultures of fibroblasts from normal human lungs (HLFs). Our results showed that WISP1 significantly stimulated the expression of MIF in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. In WISP1-induced expression of MIF, αvβ5-integrin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as well as Src tyrosine kinases, MAP kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, PKC, and NF-κB were involved. WISP1-induced expression of MIF was attenuated in the presence of the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 or the MIF tautomerase activity inhibitor ISO-1. Moreover, WISP1 significantly increased the phosphorylation and activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) through transactivation by Src kinases. WISP1 also induced the expression of MIF receptor CD74 and coreceptor CD44, through which MIF exerts its effects on HLFs. In addition, it was found that MIF induced its own expression, as well as its receptors CD74/CD44, acting in an autocrine manner. Finally, WISP1-induced MIF promoted the expression of cyclooxygenase 2, prostaglandin E2, IL-6, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 demonstrating the regulatory role of WISP1-MIF axis in lung inflammation and remodeling involving mainly integrin αvβ5, Src kinases, PKC, NF-κB, and EGFR. The specific signaling pathways involved in WISP1-induced expression of MIF may prove to be excellent candidates for novel targets to control inflammation in chronic lung diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates for the first time that Wnt1-inducible signaling protein 1 (WISP1) regulates migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression and activity and identifies the main signaling pathways involved. The newly discovered WISP1-MIF axis may drive lung inflammation and could result in the design of novel targeted therapies in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elpida Christopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Clinic of Pneumology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Pneumology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Pneumology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexios J Aletras
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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3
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Mantri M, Zhang HH, Spanos E, Ren YA, De Vlaminck I. A spatiotemporal molecular atlas of the ovulating mouse ovary. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317418121. [PMID: 38252830 PMCID: PMC10835069 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317418121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovulation is essential for reproductive success, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are far from clear. Here, we applied high-resolution spatiotemporal transcriptomics to map out cell type- and ovulation stage-specific molecular programs as function of time during follicle maturation and ovulation in mice. Our analysis revealed dynamic molecular transitions within granulosa cell types that occur in tight coordination with mesenchymal cell proliferation. We identified molecular markers for the emerging cumulus cell fate during the preantral-to-antral transition. We describe transcriptional programs that respond rapidly to ovulation stimulation and those associated with follicle rupture, highlighting the prominent roles of apoptotic and metabolic pathways during the final stages of follicle maturation. We further report stage-specific oocyte-cumulus cell interactions and diverging molecular differentiation in follicles approaching ovulation. Collectively, this study provides insights into the cellular and molecular processes that regulate mouse ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation with important implications for advancing therapeutic strategies in reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Mantri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14850
| | | | - Emmanuel Spanos
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14850
| | - Yi A. Ren
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14850
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14850
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Mooring M, Yeung GA, Luukkonen P, Liu S, Akbar MW, Zhang GJ, Balogun O, Yu X, Mo R, Nejak-Bowen K, Poyurovsky MV, Booth CJ, Konnikova L, Shulman GI, Yimlamai D. Hepatocyte CYR61 polarizes profibrotic macrophages to orchestrate NASH fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade3157. [PMID: 37756381 PMCID: PMC10874639 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade3157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing worldwide and leads to a multitude of metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) is associated with the progression of NASH, but it has been described to have anti- and proinflammatory properties. We sought to examine the role of liver CYR61 in NASH progression. CYR61 liver-specific knockout mice on a NASH diet showed improved glucose tolerance, decreased liver inflammation, and reduced fibrosis. CYR61 polarized infiltrating monocytes promoting a proinflammatory/profibrotic phenotype through an IRAK4/SYK/NF-κB signaling cascade. In vitro, CYR61 activated a profibrotic program, including PDGFa/PDGFb expression in macrophages, in an IRAK4/SYK/NF-κB-dependent manner. Furthermore, targeted-antibody blockade reduced CYR61-driven signaling in macrophages in vitro and in vivo, reducing fibrotic development. This study demonstrates that CYR61 is a key driver of liver inflammation and fibrosis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Mooring
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Grace A. Yeung
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Panu Luukkonen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas Akbar
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Gary J. Zhang
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Oluwashanu Balogun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Xuemei Yu
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC; 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Rigen Mo
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC; 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Masha V. Poyurovsky
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC; 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Carmen J. Booth
- Department of Comparative Medicine; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Section of Neonatology; Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
- The Yale Liver Center, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, Connecticut 06514, USA
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5
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Mantri M, Zhang HH, Spanos E, Ren YA, Vlaminck ID. A Spatiotemporal Molecular Atlas of the Ovulating Mouse Ovary. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554210. [PMID: 37662215 PMCID: PMC10473623 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Ovulation is essential for reproductive success, yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are far from clear. Here, we applied high-resolution spatiotemporal transcriptomics to map out cell-type- and ovulation-stage-specific molecular programs as function of time during follicle maturation and ovulation in mice. Our analysis revealed dynamic molecular transitions within granulosa cell types that occur in tight coordination with mesenchymal cell proliferation. We identified new molecular markers for the emerging cumulus cell fate during the preantral-to-antral transition. We describe transcriptional programs that respond rapidly to ovulation stimulation and those associated with follicle rupture, highlighting the prominent roles of apoptotic and metabolic pathways during the final stages of follicle maturation. We further report stage-specific oocyte-cumulus cell interactions and diverging molecular differentiation in follicles approaching ovulation. Collectively, this study provides insights into the cellular and molecular processes that regulate mouse ovarian follicle maturation and ovulation with important implications for advancing therapeutic strategies in reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Mantri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Emmanuel Spanos
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Yi A Ren
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Xiang ZY, Chen SL, Qin XR, Lin SL, Xu Y, Lu LN, Zou HD. Changes and related factors of blood CCN1 levels in diabetic patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1131993. [PMID: 37334311 PMCID: PMC10273100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the differences in blood cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1) levels between patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals and to explore the relationship between CCN1 and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Plasma CCN1 levels were detected using ELISA in 50 healthy controls, 74 patients with diabetes without diabetic retinopathy (DM group), and 69 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR group). Correlations between CCN1 levels and age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, hemoglobin A1c, and other factors were analyzed. The relationship between CCN1 expression and DR was explored using logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors. Blood mRNA sequencing analysis was performed for all subjects, and the molecular changes that may be related to CCN1 were explored. The retinal vasculature of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was examined using fundus fluorescein angiography; in addition, retinal protein expression was examined using western blotting. Results Plasma CCN1 levels in patients with DR were significantly higher than in the control and DM groups; however, no significant differences were observed between healthy controls and patients with DM. CCN1 levels negatively correlated with body mass index and positively correlated with the duration of diabetes and urea levels. It was observed that high (OR 4.72, 95% CI: 1.10-20.25) and very high (OR 8.54, 95% CI: 2.00-36.51) levels of CCN1 were risk factors for DR. Blood mRNA sequencing analysis revealed that CCN1-related pathways were significantly altered in the DR group. The expression of hypoxia-, oxidative stress-, and dephosphorylation-related proteins were elevated, while that of tight junction proteins were reduced in the retinas of diabetic rats. Conclusion Blood CCN1 levels are significantly elevated in patients with DR. High and very high levels of plasma CCN1 are risk factors for DR. Blood CCN1 level may be a potential biomarker for diagnosis of DR. The effects of CCN1 on DR may be related to hypoxia, oxidative stress, and dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Yu Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Li Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ran Qin
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen-Lin Lin
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Na Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Dong Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Zhang H, Li R, Wang Y, Zhou J, Xu H, Gou M, Ye J, Qiu X, Wang X. Transcriptomic Analysis of Takifugu obscurus Gills under Acute Hypoxic Stress. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101572. [PMID: 37238005 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Takifugu obscurus has relatively small gills and gill pores, leading to a relatively low respiratory capacity and increased vulnerability to low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels compared to other fish. To investigate the responses of T. obscurus to acute hypoxic stress, high-throughput-sequencing-based transcriptomic analyses were conducted here to assess the responses of T. obscurus gills to acute hypoxic stress. Three environmental conditions were compared including normoxia (DO: 7.0 ± 0.2 mg/L), hypoxic stress (DO: 0.9 ± 0.2 mg/L), and reoxygenation (4, 8, 12, and 24 h after return to normoxia) conditions to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responsive to hypoxia. A total of 992, 877, 1561, 1412, and 679 DEGs were identified in the normoxia and reoxygenation for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h groups in comparison to the hypoxia groups, respectively. The DEGs were primarily associated with oxidative stress, growth and development, and immune responses. Further functional annotation enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that they were primarily related to cytokine-cytokine interactions, transforming growth factor β receptor (TGF-β), cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. These results provide new insights into the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of T. obscurus adaptations to hypoxic stress. Furthermore, these results provide a framework for future studies into the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance and the healthy culture of T. obscurus and other fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huakun Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Pufferfish Breeding and Culture in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Run Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Pufferfish Breeding and Culture in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Jiangsu Zhongyang Group Company Limited, Nantong 226600, China
| | - Jinxu Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Pufferfish Breeding and Culture in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Pufferfish Breeding and Culture in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Jianhua Ye
- Jiangsu Zhongyang Group Company Limited, Nantong 226600, China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Pufferfish Breeding and Culture in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Pufferfish Breeding and Culture in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Luo C, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Sun X, Zhang S, Tan S, Li Z, Lin H, Zhang W. Increased CYR61 expression activates CCND1/c-Myc pathway to promote nasal epithelial cells proliferation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Clin Immunol 2023; 247:109235. [PMID: 36681101 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic sinonasal inflammatory disease characterized histologically by hyperplastic nasal epithelium and epithelial cells proliferation. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) acts as a positive regulator of cell cycle process. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and c-Myc play key roles in the processes of cell cycle and cell growth. The purpose of our research was to explore the expression and roles of CYR61, CCND1 and c-Myc in CRSwNP. METHODS FeaturePlot and vlnPlot functions embedded in the seurat package (version 4.1.1) of R software (version 4.2.0) were applied to explore the cellular distribution of CYR61, CCND1 and c-Myc in the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of nasal tissue samples. CYR61, CCND1 and c-Myc immunolabeling and mRNA levels in nasal tissue samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Co-localization of CYR61, CCND1 and c-Myc with basal epithelial cell marker P63 was assayed using double-label immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, we collected and cultured human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) to assess the regulation and role of CYR61 in vitro study. RESULTS CYR61, CCND1 and c-Myc were primarily expressed by nasal epithelial cells. Significant upregulation of CYR61, CCND1 and c-Myc positive cells and increased levels of CYR61, CCND1 and c-Myc mRNA were found in nasal polyps in comparison to control samples. Of note, CYR61 mRNA and protein levels were altered by SEB, LPS, IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17A and TGF-β1 in HNEC. In addition, CYR61 intervention could increase CCND1 and c-Myc mRNA and protein levels to promote HNEC proliferation, and siRNA against ITGA2 (si-ITGA2) could reverse CYR61 induced upregulation of CCND1 and c-Myc mRNA and protein levels in HNEC and cell proliferation of HNEC. CONCLUSIONS CYR61, CCND1 and c-Myc were primarily expressed by epithelial cells in nasal mucosa. CYR61, CCND1 and c-Myc expression levels were increased in CRSwNP compared with controls. CYR61 could interact with ITGA2 to enhance HNEC proliferation via upregulating CCND1 and c-Myc levels in the HNEC, leading to hyperplastic nasal epithelium in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayao Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiwen Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaolin Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China; Postgraduate Training Base of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weitian Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Otolaryngological Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Nouri Z, Cao H, Wang H, Khan H, Xiao J. Modulation of integrin receptor by polyphenols: Downstream Nrf2-Keap1/ARE and associated cross-talk mediators in cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1592-1616. [PMID: 36073725 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2118226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As a group of heterodimeric and transmembrane glycoproteins, integrin receptors are widely expressed in various cell types overall the body. During cardiovascular dysfunction, integrin receptors apply inhibitory effects on the antioxidative pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-Kelch like ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1)/antioxidant response element (ARE) and interconnected mediators. As such, dysregulation in integrin signaling pathways influences several aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, platelet aggregation and coagulation. So, modulation of integrin pathway could trigger the downstream antioxidant pathways toward cardioprotection. Regarding the involvement of multiple aforementioned mediators in the pathogenesis of CVDs, as well as the side effects of conventional drugs, seeking for novel alternative drugs is of great importance. Accordingly, the plant kingdom could pave the road in the treatment of CVDs. Of natural entities, polyphenols are multi-target and accessible phytochemicals with promising potency and low levels of toxicity. The present study aims at providing the cardioprotective roles of integrin receptors and downstream antioxidant pathways in heart failure, arrhythmia, angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, platelet aggregation and coagulation. The potential role of polyphenols has been also revealed in targeting the aforementioned dysregulated signaling mediators in those CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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10
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Fibroblast Growth Factors and Cellular Communication Network Factors: Intimate Interplay by the Founding Members in Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158592. [PMID: 35955724 PMCID: PMC9369280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) constitute a large family of signaling molecules that act in an autocrine/paracrine, endocrine, or intracrine manner, whereas the cellular communication network factors (CCN) family is composed of six members that manipulate extracellular signaling networks. FGFs and CCNs are structurally and functionally distinct, except for the common characteristics as matricellular proteins. Both play significant roles in the development of a variety of tissues and organs, including the skeletal system. In vertebrates, most of the skeletal parts are formed and grow through a process designated endochondral ossification, in which chondrocytes play the central role. The growth plate cartilage is the place where endochondral ossification occurs, and articular cartilage is left to support the locomotive function of joints. Several FGFs, including FGF-2, one of the founding members of this family, and all of the CCNs represented by CCN2, which is required for proper skeletal development, can be found therein. Research over a decade has revealed direct binding of CCN2 to FGFs and FGF receptors (FGFRs), which occasionally affect the biological outcome via FGF signaling. Moreover, a recent study uncovered an integrated regulation of FGF and CCN genes by FGF signaling. In this review, after a brief introduction of these two families, molecular and genetic interactions between CCN and FGF family members in cartilage, and their biological effects, are summarized. The molecular interplay represents the mutual involvement of the other in their molecular functions, leading to collaboration between CCN2 and FGFs during skeletal development.
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11
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Kubota S, Kawata K, Hattori T, Nishida T. Molecular and Genetic Interactions between CCN2 and CCN3 behind Their Yin-Yang Collaboration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115887. [PMID: 35682564 PMCID: PMC9180607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network factor (CCN) 2 and 3 are the members of the CCN family that conduct the harmonized development of a variety of tissues and organs under interaction with multiple biomolecules in the microenvironment. Despite their striking structural similarities, these two members show contrastive molecular functions as well as temporospatial emergence in living tissues. Typically, CCN2 promotes cell growth, whereas CCN3 restrains it. Where CCN2 is produced, CCN3 disappears. Nevertheless, these two proteins collaborate together to execute their mission in a yin–yang fashion. The apparent functional counteractions of CCN2 and CCN3 can be ascribed to their direct molecular interaction and interference over the cofactors that are shared by the two. Recent studies have revealed the mutual negative regulation systems between CCN2 and CCN3. Moreover, the simultaneous and bidirectional regulatory system of CCN2 and CCN3 is also being clarified. It is of particular note that these regulations were found to be closely associated with glycolysis, a fundamental procedure of energy metabolism. Here, the molecular interplay and metabolic gene regulation that enable the yin–yang collaboration of CCN2 and CCN3 typically found in cartilage development/regeneration and fibrosis are described.
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12
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Jiang R, Tang J, Zhang X, He Y, Yu Z, Chen S, Xia J, Lin J, Ou Q. CCN1 Promotes Inflammation by Inducing IL-6 Production via α6β1/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810671. [PMID: 35547732 PMCID: PMC9084230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease with unknown etiology. CCN1, an extracellular matrix-associated protein, is associated with carcinoma, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and even autoimmune diseases. However, the role that CCN1 plays in AIH has remained undetermined. In this study, expression of CCN1 in liver was detected by real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). CCN1 level in serum was detected by ELISA. Diagnostic value of CCN1 was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. CCN1 conditional knockout (CCN1fl/flCre+) mice were generated by mating CCN1fl/fl C57BL/6J and CAG-Cre-ERT C57BL/6J mice. Autoimmune hepatitis mice model was induced by concanavalin A (ConA). IKKα/β, IκBα, NF-κB p65 and Akt phosphorylation were determined by western blot. NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation was examined by immunofluorescence. Here, we found that CCN1 was over-expressed in hepatocytes of AIH patients. CCN1 level also increased in serum of AIH patients compared to healthy controls (HC). ROC curve analysis results showed that serum CCN1 was able to distinguish AIH patients from HD. In ConA induced hepatitis mice model, CCN1 conditional knockout (CCN1fl/flCre+) attenuated inflammation by reducing ALT/AST level and IL-6 expression. In vitro, CCN1 treatment dramatically induced IL-6 production in LO2 cells. Moreover, the production of IL-6 was attenuated by CCN1 knockdown. Furthermore, we showed that CCN1 could activate IL-6 production via the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway by binding to α6β1 receptor. In summary, our results reveal a novel role of CCN1 in promoting inflammation by upregulation of IL-6 production in AIH. Our study also suggests that targeting of CCN1 may represent a novel strategy in AIH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renquan Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jifeng Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuehao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujue He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ziqing Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinfang Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinpiao Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Rømer AMA, Thorseth ML, Madsen DH. Immune Modulatory Properties of Collagen in Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:791453. [PMID: 34956223 PMCID: PMC8692250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor growth the extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes dramatic remodeling. The normal ECM is degraded and substituted with a tumor-specific ECM, which is often of higher collagen density and increased stiffness. The structure and collagen density of the tumor-specific ECM has been associated with poor prognosis in several types of cancer. However, the reason for this association is still largely unknown. Collagen can promote cancer cell growth and migration, but recent studies have shown that collagens can also affect the function and phenotype of various types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and T cells. This suggests that tumor-associated collagen could have important immune modulatory functions within the tumor microenvironment, affecting cancer progression as well as the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. The effects of tumor-associated collagen on immune cells could help explain why a high collagen density in tumors is often correlated with a poor prognosis. Knowledge about immune modulatory functions of collagen could potentially identify targets for improving current cancer therapies or for development of new treatments. In this review, the current knowledge about the ability of collagen to influence T cell activity will be summarized. This includes direct interactions with T cells as well as induction of immune suppressive activity in other immune cells such as macrophages. Additionally, the potential effects of collagen on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mette Askehøj Rømer
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Marie-Louise Thorseth
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hargbøl Madsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Wang L, Yao L, Duan H, Yang F, Lin M, Zhang R, He Z, Ahn J, Fan Y, Qin L, Gong Y. Plasminogen Regulates Fracture Repair by Promoting the Functions of Periosteal Mesenchymal Progenitors. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2229-2242. [PMID: 34378815 PMCID: PMC8865375 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Defective or insufficient bone repair and regeneration are common in patients as a result of major trauma or severe disease. Cell therapy with periosteal mesenchymal progenitors, which can be limited in severe injury, serves as a promising approach; however, its efficacy is limited due to a repair-hostile ischemic tissue microenvironment after traumatic fracture. Here we report that plasminogen (Plg), a factor that is upregulated in these environments, is critical for fracture healing. Plg knockout mice had impaired trabecular and cortical bone structure and exhibited delayed and incomplete fracture healing. Interestingly, Plg deficiency greatly reduced the thickness of expanded periosteum, suggesting a role of Plg in periosteal mesenchymal progenitor-mediated bone repair. In culture, Plg increased cell proliferation and migration in periosteal mesenchymal progenitors and inhibited cell death under ischemic conditions. Mechanistically, we revealed that Plg cleaved and activated Cyr61 to regulate periosteal progenitor function. Thus, our study uncovers a cellular mechanism underlying fracture healing, by which Plg activates Cyr61 to promote periosteal progenitor proliferation, survival, and migration and improves bone repair after fracture. Targeting Plg may offer a rational and effective therapeutic opportunity for improving fracture healing. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqiang Wang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lutian Yao
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maohuan Lin
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia may play a role in the pathogenesis of infantile hemangioma. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61), or CCN1, can be induced under hypoxic conditions in several types of cells. However, whether CCN1 has any impact on infantile hemangioma remains unknown. This study aims to explore the expression of CCN1 in infantile hemangioma and to investigate the effect of hypoxia on CCN1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) production. METHODS Hemangioma-derived endothelial cells and hemangioma-derived stem cells were isolated from surgical specimens of proliferative infantile hemangioma. RNA extracted from infantile hemangioma tissue, hemangioma-derived endothelial cells, and hemangioma-derived stem cells was used to analyze gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of CCN1 blockade were examined in hemangioma-derived stem cells. Immunostaining, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess protein expression. RESULTS By double-label immunofluorescence staining, the authors first identified that CCN1 was abundant in proliferative infantile hemangioma lesions and colocalized well with immature microvessels. The authors found that the mRNA level of CCN1 in proliferative infantile hemangioma was significantly higher than in healthy controls, as was involuting infantile hemangioma. Treatment with the hypoxia inducer cobalt chloride dramatically increased CCN1 production in hemangioma-derived endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, blocking or knockdown of CCN1 expression reduced the expression of VEGF-A in hemangioma-derived stem cells. Lastly, the signaling pathway study showed that CCN1 up-regulation of VEGF-A synthesis in hemangioma-derived stem cells depends on nuclear factor-κB and JNK activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new evidence that CCN1 participates in the crosstalk between hemangioma-derived endothelial cells and hemangioma-derived stem cells through promoting VEGF-A expression in the hypoxic environment of infantile hemangioma angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Targeting of CCN1 might be a novel therapeutic strategy for infantile hemangioma.
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16
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Heng JW, Yazid MD, Abdul Rahman MR, Sulaiman N. Coatings in Decellularized Vascular Scaffolds for the Establishment of a Functional Endothelium: A Scoping Review of Vascular Graft Refinement. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:677588. [PMID: 34395554 PMCID: PMC8358320 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.677588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developments in tissue engineering techniques have allowed for the creation of biocompatible, non-immunogenic alternative vascular grafts through the decellularization of existing tissues. With an ever-growing number of patients requiring life-saving vascular bypass grafting surgeries, the production of functional small diameter decellularized vascular scaffolds has never been more important. However, current implementations of small diameter decellularized vascular grafts face numerous clinical challenges attributed to premature graft failure as a consequence of common failure mechanisms such as acute thrombogenesis and intimal hyperplasia resulting from insufficient endothelial coverage on the graft lumen. This review summarizes some of the surface modifying coating agents currently used to improve the re-endothelialization efficiency and endothelial cell persistence in decellularized vascular scaffolds that could be applied in producing a better patency small diameter vascular graft. A comprehensive search yielding 192 publications was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid electronic databases. Careful screening and removal of unrelated publications and duplicate entries resulted in a total of 16 publications, which were discussed in this review. Selected publications demonstrate that the utilization of surface coating agents can induce endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation therefore leads to increased re-endothelialization efficiency. Unfortunately, the large variance in methodologies complicates comparison of coating effects between studies. Thus far, coating decellularized tissue gave encouraging results. These developments in re-endothelialization could be incorporated in the fabrication of functional, off-the-shelf alternative small diameter vascular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei Heng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ramzisham Abdul Rahman
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Khegay II. Vasopressin Receptors in Blood Vessels and Proliferation of Endotheliocytes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021040129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Liang Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Xiong L, Zeng Z, He X, Wang F, Wu X, Lan P. Cyr61 from adipose-derived stem cells promotes colorectal cancer metastasis and vasculogenic mimicry formation via integrin α V β 5. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3447-3467. [PMID: 33999512 PMCID: PMC8637569 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) play a vital role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. Herein, we found that ADSCs isolated from CRC patients produced more cysteine‐rich 61 (Cyr61) than those from healthy donors, and the elevated serum Cyr61 levels were associated with advanced TNM stages. Moreover, serum Cyr61 displayed a better diagnostic value for CRC compared to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA19‐9). Mechanistically, integrin αVβ5 was identified as the functional receptor by which Cyr61 promotes CRC cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo by activating the αVβ5/FAK/NF‐κB signaling pathway. In addition, Cyr61 promotes vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis through a αVβ5/FAK/HIF‐1α/STAT3/MMP2 signaling cascade. Histologically, xenografts and clinical samples of CRC both exhibited VM, which was correlated with HIF‐1α and MMP2 activation. Notably, we demonstrated the synergistic effect of combined anti‐VM therapy (integrin αVβ5 inhibitor) and anti‐VEGF therapy (bevacizumab) in patient‐derived xenograft models. Further investigation showed that CRC cell‐derived exosomal STAT3 promoted Cyr61 transcription in ADSCs. These findings indicate that Cyr61 derived from ADSCs plays a critical role in promoting CRC progression via integrin αVβ5 and provides a novel antitumor strategy by targeting Cyr61/αVβ5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huashan Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Zeng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianrui Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Chen Y, Ding F, Wu H, Ji Y, Shen M. Cyr61 promotes Schwann cell proliferation and migration via αvβ3 integrin. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:21. [PMID: 33827416 PMCID: PMC8028786 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the repair of peripheral nerves. This is due to their ability to proliferate, migrate, and provide trophic support to axon regrowth. During peripheral nerve injury, SCs de-differentiate and reprogram to gain the ability to repair nerves. Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) is a member of the CCN family of matrix cell proteins and have been reported to be abundant in the secretome of repair mediating SCs. In this study we investigate the function of Cyr61 in SCs. RESULTS We observed Cyr61 was expressed both in vivo and in vitro. The promoting effect of Cyr61 on SC proliferation and migration was through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. SCs expressed αvβ3 integrin and the effect of Cyr61 on SC proliferation and migration could be blocked via αvβ3 integrin. Cyr61 could influence c-Jun protein expression in cultured SCs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that Cyr61 promotes SC proliferation and migration via αvβ3 integrin and regulates c-Jun expression. Our study contributes to the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SC's function during nerve injury, and thus, may facilitate the regeneration of peripheral nerves after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Ren Z, Li J, Zhao S, Qiao Q, Li R. Knockdown of MCM8 functions as a strategy to inhibit the development and progression of osteosarcoma through regulating CTGF. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:376. [PMID: 33828075 PMCID: PMC8027380 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone derived from osteoblasts, which is a noteworthy threat to the health of children and adolescents. In this study, we found that MCM8 has significantly higher expression level in osteosarcoma tissues in comparison with normal tissues, which was also correlated with more advanced tumor grade and pathological stage. In agreement with the role of MCM proteins as indicators of cell proliferation, knockdown/overexpression of MCM8 inhibited/promoted osteosarcoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Also, MCM8 knockdown/overexpression was also significantly associated with the promotion/inhibition of cell apoptosis and suppression/promotion of cell migration. More importantly, mechanistic study identified CTGF as a potential downstream target of MCM8, silencing of which could enhance the regulatory effects of MCM8 knockdown and alleviate the effects of MCM8 overexpression on osteosarcoma development. In summary, MCM8/CTGF axis was revealed as critical participant in the development and progression of osteosarcoma and MCM8 may be a promising therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shanwen Zhao
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510610, China.,Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qi Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Runguang Li
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510610, China. .,Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Academy of Orthopaedics, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Linzhi People's Hospital, Linzhi, 860000, China.
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21
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Nakajima T, Kozuma M, Hirasawa T, Matsunaga YT, Tomooka Y. Extracellular matrix components and elasticity regulate mouse vaginal epithelial differentiation induced by mesenchymal cells†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1239-1248. [PMID: 33693507 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oviduct, uterus, and vagina are derived from Müllerian ducts. But only in the vagina, the epithelium differentiates into stratified layers. Organ-specific secreted factors derived from the stroma of a neonatal mouse induce epithelial differentiation in the female reproductive tracts. However, the effects of the components and mechanical property of extracellular matrix (ECM) on the regulation of gene expression in the mesenchymal cells of neonatal stroma and differentiation of epithelium in the female reproductive tracts have been overlooked. In the present study, we have developed a simple 3D neonatal vaginal model using clonal cell lines to study the effect of ECM's components and stiffness on the epithelial stratification. Transcriptome analysis was performed by DNA-microarray to identify the components of ECM involved in the differentiation of vaginal epithelial stratification. The knockdown experiment of the candidate genes relating to vaginal epithelial stratification was focused on fibromodulin (Fmod), a collagen cross-linking protein. FMOD was essential for the expression of Bmp4, which encodes secreted factors to induce the epithelial stratification of vaginal mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, stiffer ECM as a scaffold for epithelial cells is necessary for vaginal epithelial stratification. Therefore, the components and stiffness of ECM are both crucial for the epithelial stratification in the neonatal vagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Nakajima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyabi Kozuma
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hirasawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhiro Tomooka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Zhu Y, Almuntashiri S, Han Y, Wang X, R. Somanath P, Zhang D. The Roles of CCN1/CYR61 in Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217810. [PMID: 33105556 PMCID: PMC7659478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CCN1 (cysteine-rich 61, connective tissue growth factor, and nephroblastoma-1), previously named CYR61 (cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61) belongs to the CCN family of matricellular proteins. CCN1 plays critical roles in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Recent studies have extensively characterized the important physiological and pathological roles of CCN1 in various tissues and organs. In this review, we summarize both basic and clinical aspects of CCN1 in pulmonary diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), lung infection, and lung cancer. We also emphasize the important challenges for future investigations to better understand the CCN1 and its role in physiology and pathology, as well as the questions that need to be addressed for the therapeutic development of CCN1 antagonists in various lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Sultan Almuntashiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Yohan Han
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Payaningal R. Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (Y.Z.); (S.A.); (Y.H.); (P.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-6491; Fax: +1-706-721-3994
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23
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Duan H, He Z, Lin M, Wang Y, Yang F, Mitteer RA, Kim HJ, Yeo E, Han H, Qin L, Fan Y, Gong Y. Plasminogen regulates mesenchymal stem cell-mediated tissue repair after ischemia through Cyr61 activation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131376. [PMID: 32759492 PMCID: PMC7455064 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising strategy in regenerative medicine. However, the poor survival and persistence of the transplanted cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in the hostile ischemic microenvironments represents a major therapeutic barrier. Here we report that plasminogen (Plg) stimulated MSC functions and promoted MSC survival during tissue repair after ischemia. Genetic Plg ablation abolished MSC survival, migration, and proliferation in mouse ischemic limbs, and abrogated MSC-mediated blood reperfusion, neovascularization, and tissue repair after ischemia, suggesting a critical role for Plg in MSC-mediated tissue repair. Furthermore, multiplex cytokine array analysis identified that Plg cleaved and activated cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), an ECM-associated growth factor, to stimulate MSC survival and migration. Overexpression with truncated Cyr61 in MSCs rescued blood reperfusion after hind limb ischemia in Plg-deficient mice. Finally, Plg-mediated Cyr61 cleavage promoted endothelial cell migration and neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals that Plg promotes MSC survival, persistence, and paracrine effects and improves postischemic neovascularization and tissue repair through Cyr61 cleavage and activation. Thus, targeting Plg/Cyr61 may offer exciting therapeutic opportunities for strengthening MSC therapy in ischemic diseases. Plasminogen promotes mesenchymal stem cell function and improves post-ischemic neovascularization and tissue repair through cysteine-rich protein 61 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maohuan Lin
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and
| | - R Alan Mitteer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eujing Yeo
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hongyu Han
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, and
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24
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Lechertier T, Reynolds LE, Kim H, Pedrosa AR, Gómez-Escudero J, Muñoz-Félix JM, Batista S, Dukinfield M, Demircioglu F, Wong PP, Matchett KP, Henderson NC, D'Amico G, Parsons M, Harwood C, Meier P, Hodivala-Dilke KM. Pericyte FAK negatively regulates Gas6/Axl signalling to suppress tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2810. [PMID: 32499572 PMCID: PMC7272651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of the protein tyrosine kinase, Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), in endothelial cells has implicated its requirement in angiogenesis and tumour growth, but how pericyte FAK regulates tumour angiogenesis is unknown. We show that pericyte FAK regulates tumour growth and angiogenesis in multiple mouse models of melanoma, lung carcinoma and pancreatic B-cell insulinoma and provide evidence that loss of pericyte FAK enhances Gas6-stimulated phosphorylation of the receptor tyrosine kinase, Axl with an upregulation of Cyr61, driving enhanced tumour growth. We further show that pericyte derived Cyr61 instructs tumour cells to elevate expression of the proangiogenic/protumourigenic transmembrane receptor Tissue Factor. Finally, in human melanoma we show that when 50% or more tumour blood vessels are pericyte-FAK negative, melanoma patients are stratified into those with increased tumour size, enhanced blood vessel density and metastasis. Overall our data uncover a previously unknown mechanism of tumour growth by pericytes that is controlled by pericyte FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Lechertier
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Louise E Reynolds
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Cell Death & Inflammation, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ana Rita Pedrosa
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jesús Gómez-Escudero
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - José M Muñoz-Félix
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Silvia Batista
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown Av. Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matthew Dukinfield
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Fevzi Demircioglu
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ping Pui Wong
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kylie P Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gabriela D'Amico
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Nikon Imaging Centre@King's, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Kings College London, Room 3.22B, New Hunts House Guys Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Catherine Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Pascal Meier
- Cell Death & Inflammation, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kairbaan M Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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25
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Sun Z, Cai S, Zabkiewicz C, Liu C, Ye L. Bone morphogenetic proteins mediate crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment at primary tumours and metastases (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1335-1351. [PMID: 32236571 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are pluripotent molecules, co‑ordinating cellular functions from early embryonic and postnatal development to tissue repair, regeneration and homeostasis. They are also involved in tumourigenesis, disease progression and the metastasis of various solid tumours. Emerging evidence has indicated that BMPs are able to promote disease progression and metastasis by orchestrating communication between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The interactions occur between BMPs and epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular matrix components. Overall, these interactions co‑ordinate the cellular functions of tumour cells and other types of cell in the tumour to promote the growth of the primary tumour, local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, and the establishment and survival of cancer cells in the metastatic niche. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide an informative summary of the involvement of BMPs in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- VIP‑II Division of Medical Department, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Liu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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26
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Park MH, Kim AK, Manandhar S, Oh SY, Jang GH, Kang L, Lee DW, Hyeon DY, Lee SH, Lee HE, Huh TL, Suh SH, Hwang D, Byun K, Park HC, Lee YM. CCN1 interlinks integrin and hippo pathway to autoregulate tip cell activity. eLife 2019; 8:46012. [PMID: 31429823 PMCID: PMC6726423 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN1 (CYR61) stimulates active angiogenesis in various tumours, although the mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we report that CCN1 is a key regulator of endothelial tip cell activity in angiogenesis. Microvessel networks and directional vascular cell migration patterns were deformed in ccn1-knockdown zebrafish embryos. CCN1 activated VEGFR2 and downstream MAPK/PI3K signalling pathways, YAP/TAZ, as well as Rho effector mDia1 to enhance tip cell activity and CCN1 itself. VEGFR2 interacted with integrin αvβ3 through CCN1. Integrin αvβ3 inhibitor repressed tip cell number and sprouting in postnatal retinas from endothelial cell-specific Ccn1 transgenic mice, and allograft tumours in Ccn1 transgenic mice showed hyperactive vascular sprouting. Cancer patients with high CCN1 expression have poor survival outcomes and positive correlation with ITGAV and ITGB3 and high YAP/WWTR1. Thus, our data underscore the positive feedback regulation of tip cells by CCN1 through integrin αvβ3/VEGFR2 and increased YAP/TAZ activity, suggesting a promising therapeutic intervention for pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo-Hyeon Park
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Kyung Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarala Manandhar
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Young Oh
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hyuk Jang
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Kang
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Eun Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lin Huh
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of New Biology and Center for Plant Aging Research, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Gachon University, School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Chul Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Ishizawa Y, Niwa Y, Suzuki T, Kawahara R, Dohmae N, Simizu S. Identification and characterization of collagen-like glycosylation and hydroxylation of CCN1. Glycobiology 2019; 29:696-704. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCCN1 is a secreted protein and belongs to the CCN family of matricellular proteins. CCN1 binds to various cell surface receptors; thus, CCN1 has important functions in cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis through a variety of signaling pathways. We have reported that CCN1 is O-fucosylated and that this O-fucosylation regulates the secretion of CCN1 into the extracellular region. In this study, we detected collagen-like glycosylation and hydroxylation at Lys203 of recombinant CCN1 by mass spectrometry. We then examined the role of collagen-like glycosylation in the functions of CCN1. As a result, we found that a deficiency in collagen-like glycosylation decreased the secretion of CCN1 using wild-type CCN1- and collagen-like glycosylation-defective mutant CCN1-overexpressing cell lines. Further, knockout of lysyl hydroxylase3, a multifunctional protein with hydroxylase and glucosyltransferase activities, impaired the secretion and glycosylation level of recombinant CCN1. Previous studies reported that collagen glycosylation of Lys residues mediated by lysyl hydroxylase3 is glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylation, presuming that this collagen-like glycosylation detected at Lys203 of recombinant CCN1 in this study might be glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylation. Taken together, our results demonstrate the novel function of the collagen-like glycosylation of CCN1 and suggest that lysyl hydroxylase3-mediated glycosylation is important for CCN1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Ishizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Niwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryota Kawahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Naoshi Dohmae
- Biomolecular Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Tsou PS, Khanna D, Sawalha AH. Identification of Cysteine-Rich Angiogenic Inducer 61 as a Potential Antifibrotic and Proangiogenic Mediator in Scleroderma. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1350-1359. [PMID: 30884213 DOI: 10.1002/art.40890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously identified CYR61 as a histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC-5)-repressed gene in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) endothelial cells (ECs). When overexpressed, cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR-61) promoted angiogenesis in SSc ECs. This study was undertaken to examine the role of CYR-61 in fibrosis and determine the mechanisms involved in CYR-61-mediated angiogenesis in SSc. METHODS Dermal ECs and fibroblasts were isolated from biopsy specimens from healthy subjects and patients with SSc. CYR-61 level was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CYR-61 was overexpressed using a CYR61 vector or knocked down using small interfering RNA, and functional and mechanistic studies were then conducted in fibroblasts and ECs. RESULTS Lower CYR61 messenger RNA levels were observed in dermal fibroblasts and ECs from SSc patients than in those from healthy controls. In SSc fibroblasts, overexpression of CYR-61 led to significant reduction in the expression of profibrotic genes, including COL1A1 (P = 0.002) and ACTA2 (P = 0.04), and an increase in the expression of matrix-degrading genes, including MMP1 (P = 0.002) and MMP3 (P =0.004), and proangiogenic VEGF (P = 0.03). The antifibrotic effect of CYR-61 was further demonstrated by delay in wound healing, inhibition of gel contraction, inactivation of the transforming growth factor β pathway, and early superoxide production associated with senescence in SSc fibroblasts. In SSc ECs, overexpression of CYR-61 led to increased production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor. The proangiogenic effects of CYR-61 were mediated by signaling through αvβ3 receptors and downstream activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, AKT, and the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway system. CONCLUSION CYR-61, which is epigenetically regulated by HDAC-5, is a potent antifibrotic and proangiogenic mediator in SSc. Therapeutic intervention to promote CYR-61 activity or increase CYR-61 levels might be of benefit in SSc.
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Ramaswamy AK, Vorp DA, Weinbaum JS. Functional Vascular Tissue Engineering Inspired by Matricellular Proteins. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:74. [PMID: 31214600 PMCID: PMC6554335 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering specifically, has benefited from a greater appreciation of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectin, collagen, and elastin have entered the tissue engineer's toolkit; however, as fully decellularized biomaterials have come to the forefront in vascular engineering it has become apparent that the ECM is comprised of more than just fibronectin, collagen, and elastin, and that cell-instructive molecules known as matricellular proteins are critical for desired outcomes. In brief, matricellular proteins are ECM constituents that contrast with the canonical structural proteins of the ECM in that their primary role is to interact with the cell. Of late, matricellular genes have been linked to diseases including connective tissue disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Despite the range of biological activities, this class of biomolecules has not been actively used in the field of regenerative medicine. The intent of this review is to bring matricellular proteins into wider use in the context of vascular tissue engineering. Matricellular proteins orchestrate the formation of new collagen and elastin fibers that have proper mechanical properties-these will be essential components for a fully biological small diameter tissue engineered vascular graft (TEVG). Matricellular proteins also regulate the initiation of thrombosis via fibrin deposition and platelet activation, and the clearance of thrombus when it is no longer needed-proper regulation of thrombosis will be critical for maintaining patency of a TEVG after implantation. Matricellular proteins regulate the adhesion, migration, and proliferation of endothelial cells-all are biological functions that will be critical for formation of a thrombus-resistant endothelium within a TEVG. Lastly, matricellular proteins regulate the adhesion, migration, proliferation, and activation of smooth muscle cells-proper control of these biological activities will be critical for a TEVG that recellularizes and resists neointimal formation/stenosis. We review all of these functions for matricellular proteins here, in addition to reviewing the few studies that have been performed at the intersection of matricellular protein biology and vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh K Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David A Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Justin S Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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CYR61 triggers osteosarcoma metastatic spreading via an IGF1Rβ-dependent EMT-like process. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:62. [PMID: 30642298 PMCID: PMC6332662 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent primary bone malignancy in children and young adults. These tumors are highly metastatic, leading to poor outcome. We previously demonstrated that Cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61/CCN1) expression level is correlated to osteosarcoma aggressiveness in preclinical model and in patient tumor samples. The aim of the present study was to investigate the CYR61-induced intracellular mechanisms leading to the acquisition of an invasive phenotype by osteosarcoma cells. METHODS Modified murine and human osteosarcoma cell lines were evaluated for cell adhesion, aggregation (spheroid), motility (wound healing assay), phenotypic markers expression (RT-qPCR, western blot). Cell-derived xenograft FFPE samples and patients samples (TMA) were assessed by IHC. RESULTS CYR61 levels controlled the expression of markers related to an Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like process, allowing tumor cells to migrate acquiring a competent morphology, and to be able to invade the surrounding stroma. This phenotypic shift indeed correlated with tumor grade and aggressiveness in patient samples and with the metastatic dissemination potential in cell-derived xenograft models. Unlike EGFR or PDGFR, IGF1Rβ levels correlated with CYR61 and N-cadherin levels, and with the aggressiveness of osteosarcoma and overall survival. The expression levels of IGF1Rβ/IGF1 axis were controlled by CYR61, and anti-IGF1 neutralizing antibody prevented the CYR61-induced phenotypic shift, aggregation, and motility abilities. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study provides new evidence that CYR61 acts as a key inducing factor in the metastatic progression of osteosarcoma by playing a critical role in primary tumor dissemination, with a process associated with IGF1/IGFR stimulation. This suggests that CYR61 may represent a potential pivotal target for therapeutic management of metastases spreading in osteosarcoma, in correlation with IGF1/IGFR pathway.
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Henrot P, Truchetet ME, Fisher G, Taïeb A, Cario M. CCN proteins as potential actionable targets in scleroderma. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:11-18. [PMID: 30329180 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease combining inflammatory, vasculopathic and fibrotic manifestations. Skin features, which give their name to the disease and are considered as diagnostic as well as prognostic markers, have not been thoroughly investigated in terms of therapeutic targets. CCN proteins (CYR61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2, NOV/CCN3 and WISP1-2-3 as CCN4-5-6) are a family of secreted matricellular proteins implicated in major cellular processes such as cell growth, migration, differentiation. They have already been implicated in key pathophysiological processes of SSc, namely fibrosis, vasculopathy and inflammation. In this review, we discuss the possible implication of CCN proteins in SSc pathogenesis, with a special focus on skin features, and identify the potential actionable CCN targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Henrot
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR1035, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Immunoconcept, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gary Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alain Taïeb
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR1035, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Muriel Cario
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR1035, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint André, Bordeaux, France
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Oncogenic role of SFRP2 in p53-mutant osteosarcoma development via autocrine and paracrine mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11128-E11137. [PMID: 30385632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814044115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary bone tumor, is highly metastatic with high chemotherapeutic resistance and poor survival rates. Using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) patients, we investigate an oncogenic role of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) in p53 mutation-associated OS development. Interestingly, we find that high SFRP2 expression in OS patient samples correlates with poor survival. Systems-level analyses identified that expression of SFRP2 increases during LFS OS development and can induce angiogenesis. Ectopic SFRP2 overexpression in normal osteoblast precursors is sufficient to suppress normal osteoblast differentiation and to promote OS phenotypes through induction of oncogenic molecules such as FOXM1 and CYR61 in a β-catenin-independent manner. Conversely, inhibition of SFRP2, FOXM1, or CYR61 represses the tumorigenic potential. In summary, these findings demonstrate the oncogenic role of SFRP2 in the development of p53 mutation-associated OS and that inhibition of SFRP2 is a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Klingenberg R, Aghlmandi S, Liebetrau C, Räber L, Gencer B, Nanchen D, Carballo D, Akhmedov A, Montecucco F, Zoller S, Brokopp C, Heg D, Jüni P, Marti Soler H, Marques-Vidal PM, Vollenweider P, Dörr O, Rodondi N, Mach F, Windecker S, Landmesser U, von Eckardstein A, Hamm CW, Matter CM, Lüscher TF. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61): a novel soluble biomarker of acute myocardial injury improves risk stratification after acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:3493-3502. [PMID: 29155984 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We aimed to identify a novel biomarker involved in the early events leading to an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and evaluate its role in diagnosis and risk stratification. Methods and results Biomarker identification was based on gene expression profiling. In coronary thrombi of ACS patients, cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61, CCN1) gene transcripts were highly up-regulated compared with peripheral mononuclear cells. In a murine ischaemia-reperfusion model (I/R), myocardial Cyr61 expression was markedly increased compared with the controls. Cyr61 levels were determined in human serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cohorts of ACS (n = 2168) referred for coronary angiography, stable coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 53), and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients (n = 15) served to identify and evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of the biomarker. Cyr61 was markedly elevated in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients compared with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction/unstable angina or stable CAD patients, irrespective of whether coronary thrombi were present. Cyr61 was rapidly released after occlusion of a septal branch in HOCM patients undergoing transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy. Cyr61 improved risk stratification for all-cause mortality when added to the reference GRACE risk score at 30 days (C-statistic 0.88 to 0.89, P = 0.001) and 1 year (C-statistic 0.77 to 0.80, P < 0.001) comparable to high-sensitivity troponin T (30 days: 0.88 to 0.89, P < 0.001; 1 year: 0.77 to 0.79, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or myocardial infarction. Conversely, in a population-based case-control cohort (n = 362), Cyr61 was not associated with adverse outcome. Conclusion Cyr61 is a novel early biomarker reflecting myocardial injury that improves risk stratification in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Klingenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital of Zurich and Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland and Wagistr. 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Benekestr. 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Benekestr. 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Soheila Aghlmandi
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.,CTU Bern, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital of Basel, Spitalstr. 12, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Liebetrau
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Benekestr. 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Benekestr. 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Baris Gencer
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - David Nanchen
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Carballo
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital of Zurich and Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland and Wagistr. 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6, Viale Benedetto XV, IT-16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefan Zoller
- Bioinformatics, Genetic Diversity Center, Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätsstr. 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chad Brokopp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Regenerative Medicine Center, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Wagistr. 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Dik Heg
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.,CTU Bern, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Jüni
- Applied Health Research Centre (AHRC), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 209 Victoria St, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Helena Marti Soler
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro-Manuel Marques-Vidal
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Dörr
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33; D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstr. 49, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - François Mach
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital of Zurich and Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland and Wagistr. 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, Charité Campus Benjamin-Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Hamm
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Benekestr. 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Benekestr. 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Giessen, Klinikstr. 33; D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian M Matter
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital of Zurich and Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland and Wagistr. 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital of Zurich and Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Rämistr. 100, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland and Wagistr. 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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The matricellular protein CCN1 in tissue injury repair. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:273-279. [PMID: 29357009 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Ccn1 (Cyr61) is essential for cardiovascular development during embryogenesis, whereas in adulthood it is associated with inflammation, wound healing, injury repair, and related pathologies including fibrosis and cancer. Recent studies have found that CCN1 plays a critical role in promoting wound healing and tissue repair. Mechanistically, CCN1 functions through direct interaction with specific integrin receptors expressed in various cell types in the wound tissue microenvironment to coordinate diverse cellular functions for repair. Here we briefly summarize the current knowledge on the functions of CCN1 in tissue injury repair and discuss pertinent unanswered questions.
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Deng J, Qian X, Li J, Li Y, Li Y, Luo Y. Evaluation of serum cysteine-rich protein 61 levels in patients with coronary artery disease. Biomark Med 2018; 12:329-339. [PMID: 29345157 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim is to evaluate serum cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). PATIENTS & METHODS Serum Cyr61 levels were measured in 180 patients with CAD and 74 participants without CAD. RESULTS Serum Cyr61 levels were significantly higher in CAD patients. Patients with acute coronary syndrome showed significantly higher Cyr61 than those with stable angina pectoris. Serum Cyr61 levels in complex lesion group were significantly higher. Serum Cyr61 was positively correlated with Gensini score and C-reactive protein. Multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated that serum Cyr61 levels were independently correlated with the existence of CAD (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Our study suggested Cyr61 as a potential biomarker in characterizing CAD and therapeutic target for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Deng
- Division of Cardiology, Shenzhen Tenth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Division of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Shenzhen Tenth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanghua Li
- Division of Cardiology, Shenzhen Tenth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Shenzhen Tenth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Shenzhen Tenth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is a useful tool to analyze numerically the interaction of certain molecules. The most important advantage of the SPR assay as compared with other protein-protein binding assays is that it can calculate the affinity between protein and its binding partner, for this affinity is necessary to determine the priority of interactions between proteins. Although CCN proteins have been shown to have various binding partners, the affinities of many of them have not yet been determined. Therefore, it is important to determine the unknown affinities of known binding partners and to find new binding partners whose affinities need to be determined. This chapter provides helpful tips to use the instrument for determination of the affinities of binding between CCN proteins and their binding partners.
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The matricellular protein CCN6 (WISP3) decreases Notch1 and suppresses breast cancer initiating cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25180-93. [PMID: 26933820 PMCID: PMC5041896 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells generates tumor initiating cells (TICs) but the contribution of the tumor microenvironment to these programs needs further elucidation. CCN6 (WISP3) is a secreted matrix-associated protein (36.9 kDa) of the CCN family (named after CTGF, Cyr61 and Nov) that is reduced or lost in invasive carcinomas of the breast with lymph node metastasis and in inflammatory breast cancer. CCN6 exerts breast cancer growth and invasion inhibitory functions, but the mechanisms remain to be defined. In the present study we discovered that ectopic CCN6 overexpression in triple negative (TN) breast cancer cells and in cells derived from patients is sufficient to induce a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and to reduce TICs. In vivo, CCN6 overexpression in the TIC population of MDA-MB-231 cells delayed tumor initiation, reduced tumor volume, and inhibited the development of metastasis. Our studies reveal a novel CCN6/Slug signaling axis that regulates Notch1 signaling activation, epithelial cell phenotype and breast TICs, which requires the conserved thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) motif of CCN6. The relevance of these data to human breast cancer is highlighted by the finding that CCN6 protein levels are inversely correlated with Notch1 intracellular activated form (NICD1) in 69.5% of invasive breast carcinomas. These results demonstrate that CCN6 regulates epithelial and mesenchymal states transition and TIC programs, and pinpoint one responsible mechanism.
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Recombinant CCN1 prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:863-871. [PMID: 28700567 PMCID: PMC5874130 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundCystein-rich protein 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) is a member of the CCN family of matricellular proteins that has an important role in tissue development and remodeling. However, the role of CCN1 in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is unknown. Accordingly, we have investigated the effects of CCN1 on a hyperoxia-induced lung injury model in neonatal rats.MethodsIn experiment 1, newborn rats were randomized to room air (RA) or 85% oxygen (O2) for 7 or 14 days, and we assessed the expression of CCN1. In experiment 2, rat pups were exposed to RA or O2 and received placebo or recombinant CCN1 by daily intraperitoneal injection for 10 days. The effects of CCN1 on hyperoxia-induced lung inflammation, alveolar and vascular development, vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were observed.ResultsIn experiment 1, hyperoxia downregulated CCN1 expression. In experiment 2, treatment with recombinant CCN1 significantly decreased macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, reduced inflammasome activation, increased alveolar and vascular development, and reduced vascular remodeling and RVH in the hyperoxic animals.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced lung injury is associated with downregulated basal CCN1 expression, and treatment with CCN1 can largely reverse hyperoxic injury.
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Reid SE, Zanivan S. Tumor stiffness extends its grip on the metastatic microenvironment. Mol Cell Oncol 2017; 4:e1372866. [PMID: 29209654 PMCID: PMC5706945 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2017.1372866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The increased stiffness of a tumor triggers a multitude of responses that aid cancer cell dissemination. Stiffness-induced expression of CCN1 mediates autocrine signaling in the endothelium to upregulate N-Cadherin levels. This permits more stable interactions with cancer cells and increases their ability to spread into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Reid
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Tumour Microenvironment and Proteomics, Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Tumour Microenvironment and Proteomics, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Reid SE, Kay EJ, Neilson LJ, Henze AT, Serneels J, McGhee EJ, Dhayade S, Nixon C, Mackey JB, Santi A, Swaminathan K, Athineos D, Papalazarou V, Patella F, Román-Fernández Á, ElMaghloob Y, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Adams RH, Ismail S, Bryant DM, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Machesky LM, Carlin LM, Blyth K, Mazzone M, Zanivan S. Tumor matrix stiffness promotes metastatic cancer cell interaction with the endothelium. EMBO J 2017; 36:2373-2389. [PMID: 28694244 PMCID: PMC5556271 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression alters the composition and physical properties of the extracellular matrix. Particularly, increased matrix stiffness has profound effects on tumor growth and metastasis. While endothelial cells are key players in cancer progression, the influence of tumor stiffness on the endothelium and the impact on metastasis is unknown. Through quantitative mass spectrometry, we find that the matricellular protein CCN1/CYR61 is highly regulated by stiffness in endothelial cells. We show that stiffness-induced CCN1 activates β-catenin nuclear translocation and signaling and that this contributes to upregulate N-cadherin levels on the surface of the endothelium, in vitro This facilitates N-cadherin-dependent cancer cell-endothelium interaction. Using intravital imaging, we show that knockout of Ccn1 in endothelial cells inhibits melanoma cancer cell binding to the blood vessels, a critical step in cancer cell transit through the vasculature to metastasize. Targeting stiffness-induced changes in the vasculature, such as CCN1, is therefore a potential yet unappreciated mechanism to impair metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily J Kay
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Anne-Theres Henze
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Serneels
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Bg Mackey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Inflammation, Repair and Development, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Santi
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Vasileios Papalazarou
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - David M Bryant
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Leo M Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Lab of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Meyer K, Hodwin B, Ramanujam D, Engelhardt S, Sarikas A. Essential Role for Premature Senescence of Myofibroblasts in Myocardial Fibrosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 67:2018-28. [PMID: 27126529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosis is a hallmark of many myocardial pathologies and contributes to distorted organ architecture and function. Recent studies have identified premature senescence as a regulatory mechanism of tissue fibrosis, but its relevance in the heart remains to be established. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the role of premature senescence in myocardial fibrosis. METHODS Murine models of cardiac diseases and human heart biopsies were analyzed for characteristics of premature senescence and fibrosis. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function models of premature senescence were used to determine its pathophysiological role in myocardial fibrosis. RESULTS Senescence markers p21(CIP1/WAF1), senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal), and p16(INK4a) were increased 2-, 8-, and 20-fold (n = 5 to 7; p < 0.01), respectively, in perivascular fibrotic areas after transverse aortic constriction compared with sham-treated control subjects. Similar results were observed with cardiomyocyte-specific β1-adrenoceptor transgenic mice and human heart biopsies. Senescent cells were positive for platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin, specifying myofibroblasts as the predominant cell population undergoing premature senescence in the heart. Inactivation of the premature senescence program by genetic ablation of p53 and p16(INK4a) (Trp53(-/-)Cdkn2a(-/-) mice) resulted in aggravated fibrosis after transverse aortic constriction, when compared with wild-type control subjects (49 ± 4.9% vs. 33 ± 2.7%; p < 0.01), and was associated with impaired cardiac function. Conversely, cardiac-specific expression of CCN1 (CYR61), a potent inducer of premature senescence, by adeno-associated virus serotype 9 gene transfer, resulted in ∼50% reduction of perivascular fibrosis after transverse aortic constriction, when compared with mock- or dominant-negative CCN1-infected control subjects, and improved cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS Our data establish premature senescence of myofibroblasts as an essential antifibrotic mechanism and potential therapeutic target in myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Hodwin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Deepak Ramanujam
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonio Sarikas
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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42
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Haddad T, Qin R, Lupu R, Satele D, Eadens M, Goetz MP, Erlichman C, Molina J. A phase I study of cilengitide and paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 79:1221-1227. [PMID: 28477227 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cilengitide is a potent and selective inhibitor of the integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5. The primary objective of this phase I clinical trial was to establish the maximum tolerated dose and determine safety/tolerability of cilengitide in combination with paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. Secondary objectives included the evaluation of the preliminary clinical outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced solid tumors experiencing disease progression on standard treatment were assigned to two different dose levels of cilengitide (2000 mg intravenously once or twice weekly) in combination with fixed-dose, weekly paclitaxel (90 mg/m2 intravenously). RESULTS Twelve evaluable patients were treated per protocol. A single dose limiting toxicity (DLT) of grade 4 neutropenia was observed at the starting dose level of once weekly cilengitide. There were no grade ≥3 adverse events that occurred with >10% frequency. One patient achieved a partial response to therapy. Five patients experienced stable disease as best response, 3 of which discontinued study participation due to progressive, peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS Cilengitide in combination with paclitaxel was well tolerated. Antitumor activity was observed. The recommended phase II dose is twice weekly cilengitide (2000 mg) with weekly paclitaxel (90 mg/m2). Further studies evaluating drugs that target this pathway are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufia Haddad
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Satele
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew Eadens
- Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Fellow Hematology/Oncology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Charles Erlichman
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Julian Molina
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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43
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Yoshitomi Y, Ikeda T, Saito H, Yoshitake Y, Ishigaki Y, Hatta T, Kato N, Yonekura H. JunB regulates angiogenesis and neurovascular parallel alignment in mouse embryonic skin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:916-926. [PMID: 28096474 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels and nerve fibers are often closely arranged in parallel throughout the body. Therefore, neurovascular interactions have been suggested to be important for the development of vascular networks. However, the molecular mechanisms and genes regulating this process remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the genes that are activated in endothelial cells (ECs) following interactions with neurons during vascular development. Microarray analyses of human primary microvascular ECs co-cultured with mouse primary dorsal root ganglion cells showed that JunB is strongly upregulated in ECs by neurovascular interactions. Furthermore, the forced expression of JunB in ECs stimulated a tip-like cell formation and angiogenesis in vitro and induced vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and the pro-angiogenic integrin subunit ITGB3 expression. Moreover, in vivo knockdown of JunB in ECs from developing mouse limb skin considerably decreased the parallel alignments of blood vessels and nerve fibers. Taken together, the present data demonstrates for the first time that JunB plays an important role in the formation of embryonic vascular networks. These results contribute to the molecular understanding of neurovascular interactions during embryonic vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yoshitomi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hidehito Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshino Yoshitake
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Hatta
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hideto Yonekura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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44
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Huang YT, Lan Q, Ponsonnet L, Blanquet M, Christofori G, Zaric J, Rüegg C. The matricellular protein CYR61 interferes with normal pancreatic islets architecture and promotes pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1663-74. [PMID: 26625209 PMCID: PMC4811488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of matricellular proteins during development and cancer progression is widely recognized. However, how these proteins actively contribute to physiological development and pathological cancer progression is only partially elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of the matricellular protein Cysteine-rich 61 (CYR61) in pancreatic islet development and carcinogenesis. Transgenic expression of CYR61 in β cells (Rip1CYR mice) caused irregular islets morphology and distorted sorting of α cells, but did not alter islets size, number or vascularization. To investigate the function of CYR61 during carcinogenesis, we crossed Rip1CYR mice with Rip1Tag2 mice, a well-established model of β cell carcinogenesis. Beta tumors in Rip1Tag2CYR mice were larger, more invasive and more vascularized compared to tumors in Rip1Tag2 mice. The effect of CYR61 on angiogenesis was fully abrogated by treating mice with the anti-VEGFR2 mAb DC101. Results from in vitro assays demonstrated that CYR61 modulated integrin α6β1-dependent invasion and adhesion without altering its expression. Taken together, these results show that CYR61 expression in pancreatic β cells interferes with normal islet architecture, promotes islet tumor growth, invasion and VEGF/VERGFR-2-dependent tumor angiogenesis. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that CYR61 acts as a tumor-promoting gene in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qiang Lan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Ponsonnet
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Blanquet
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Christofori
- National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Zaric
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Curzio Rüegg
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR), Molecular Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC)-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Jun JI, Lau LF. CCN2 induces cellular senescence in fibroblasts. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 11:15-23. [PMID: 27752926 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of Ccn2 (CTGF) has been linked to fibrosis in many tissues and pathologies, although its activities in fibroblastic cells and precise mechanism of action in fibrogenesis are still controversial. Here, we showed that CCN2 can induce cellular senescence in fibroblasts both in vitro and in vivo, whereupon senescent cells express an anti-fibrotic "senescence-associated secretory phenotype" (SASP) that includes upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and downregulation of collagen. Mechanistically, CCN2 induces fibroblast senescence through integrin α6β1-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to activation of p53 and induction of p16INK4a. In cutaneous wound healing, Ccn2 expression is highly elevated only during the initial inflammatory phase and quickly declines thereafter to a low level during the proliferation and maturation phases of healing when myofibroblasts play a major role. Consistent with this expression kinetics, knockdown of Ccn2 has little effect on the rate of wound closure, formation of senescent cells, or collagen content of the wounds. However, application of purified CCN2 protein on cutaneous wounds leads to induction of senescent cells, expression of SASP, and reduction of collagen content. These results show that CCN2 can induce cellular senescence in fibroblasts and is capable of exerting an anti-fibrotic effect in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Ii Jun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Lester F Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 South Ashland Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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46
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Expression of CCN Genes and Proteins in Human Skin: Methods and Protocols. Methods Mol Biol 2016. [PMID: 27734362 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6430-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
CCN proteins are vital to a variety of biological processes that contribute to the normal development and function of skin. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qPCR) quantifies mRNA levels of these key genes. Immunostaining localizes CCN proteins within skin tissue, and provides semiquantitative information regarding relative levels of the proteins. Reliable determinations of the expression levels of CCN genes and proteins are essential to uncovering their roles in skin physiology and pathology.
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47
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Xu S, Koroleva M, Yin M, Jin ZG. Atheroprotective laminar flow inhibits Hippo pathway effector YAP in endothelial cells. Transl Res 2016; 176:18-28.e2. [PMID: 27295628 PMCID: PMC5116386 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a mechanobiology-related disease that preferentially develops in the aortic arch and arterial branches, which are exposed to disturbed/turbulent blood flow but less in thoracic aorta where the flow pattern is steady laminar flow (LF). Increasing evidence supports that steady LF with high shear stress is protective against atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms of LF-mediated atheroprotection remain incompletely understood. Hippo/YAP (yes-associated protein) pathway senses and effects mechanical cues and has been reported to be a master regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that LF inhibits YAP activity in endothelial cells (ECs). We observed that YAP is highly expressed in mouse EC-enriched tissues (lung and aorta) and in human ECs. Furthermore, we found in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice and human ECs, LF decreased the level of nuclear YAP protein and YAP target gene expression (connective tissue growth factor and cysteine-rich protein 61) through promoting Hippo kinases LATS1/2-dependent YAP (Serine 127) phosphorylation. Functionally, we revealed that YAP depletion in ECs phenocopying LF responses, reduced the expression of cell cycle gene cyclin A1 (CCNA1) and proinflammatory gene CCL2 (MCP-1). Taken together, we demonstrate that atheroprotective LF inhibits endothelial YAP activation, which may contribute to LF-mediated ECs quiescence and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Marina Koroleva
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Meimei Yin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
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48
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Cell surface receptors for CCN proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:121-7. [PMID: 27098435 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCN family (CYR61; CTGF; NOV; CCN1-6; WISP1-3) of matricellular proteins in mammals is comprised of six homologous members that play important roles in development, inflammation, tissue repair, and a broad range of pathological processes including fibrosis and cancer. Despite considerable effort to search for a high affinity CCN-specific receptor akin to growth factor receptors, no such receptor has been found. Rather, CCNs bind several groups of multi-ligand receptors as characteristic of other matricellular proteins. The most extensively documented among CCN-binding receptors are integrins, including αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1, α6β1, αIIbβ3, αMβ2, and αDβ2, which mediate diverse CCN functions in various cell types. CCNs also bind cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), low density liproprotein receptor-related proteins (LRPs), and the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) receptor, which are endocytic receptors that may also serve as co-receptors in cooperation with other cell surface receptors. CCNs have also been reported to bind FGFR-2, Notch, RANK, and TrkA, potentially altering the affinities of these receptors for their ligands. The ability of CCNs to bind a multitude of receptors in various cell types may account for the remarkable versatility of their functions, and underscore the diverse signaling pathways that mediate their activities.
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49
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Li J, Ye L, Owen S, Weeks HP, Zhang Z, Jiang WG. Emerging role of CCN family proteins in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1451-63. [PMID: 26498181 PMCID: PMC4678164 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCN family of proteins comprises the members CCN1, CCN2, CCN3, CCN4, CCN5 and CCN6. They share four evolutionarily conserved functional domains, and usually interact with various cytokines to elicit different biological functions including cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, migration, embryonic development, angiogenesis, wound healing, fibrosis and inflammation through a variety of signalling pathways. In the past two decades, emerging functions for the CCN proteins (CCNs) have been identified in various types of cancer. Perturbed expression of CCNs has been observed in a variety of malignancies. The aberrant expression of certain CCNs is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis. Insight into the detailed mechanisms involved in CCN-mediated regulation may be useful in understanding their roles and functions in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. In this review, we briefly introduced the functions of CCNs, especially in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sioned Owen
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Hoi Ping Weeks
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Institute of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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50
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Di Y, Zhang Y, Nie Q, Chen X. CCN1/Cyr61-PI3K/AKT signaling promotes retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1507-18. [PMID: 26459773 PMCID: PMC4678165 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a characteristic pathological finding of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Cysteine-rich 61 [Cyr61, also known as CCN family member 1 (CCN1)] has been reported to mediate angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of CCN1/Cyr61-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in ROP. The contribution of CCN1 to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions was determined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively, as well as using siRNA targeting CCN1 (CCN1 siRNA). The cells exposed to hypoxia were also treated with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002. In addition, mouse pups with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) were administered an intravitreal injection of CCN1 siRNA. RNV was assessed by magnesium-activated adenosine diphosphatease (ADPase) staining. RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the distribution and expression of CCN1, PI3K and AKT. Exposure to hypoxia increased the neovascularization clock hour scores (from 1.23±0.49 to 5.60±0.73, P<0.05) and the number of preretinal neovascular cells, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, PI3K and AKT (all P<0.05). The injection of CCN1 siRNA decreased the neovascularization clock hour scores and the number of preretinal neovascular cells (1.53±0.72 vs. 4.76±1.04; 12.0±2.8 vs. 31.4±2.6, respectively, both P<0.05), as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, PI3K and AKT (protein, −45.3, −22.5 and −28.4%; mRNA, −43.7, −58.7 and −42.9%, respectively, all P<0.05) compared to the administration of scrambled siRNA under hypoxic conditions. Treatment with LY294002 decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1 in the cells exposed to hypoxia (both P<0.05). The administration of CCN1 siRNA resulted in less severe neovascularization in the eyes of the the mouse pups with OIR. Thus, out data suggest that CCN1 plays an important role in RNV in ROP, and may thus be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yiou Zhang
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhu Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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