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Dadkhah A, Jafari S, Bagheri SM, Ebrahimi A. Association between mesenteric panniculitis and urolithiasis. Emerg Radiol 2024:10.1007/s10140-024-02255-9. [PMID: 38969913 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-024-02255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare condition and refers to benign and nonspecific inflammation of mesenteric fat. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis of a greater prevalence of mesenteric panniculitis in patients with urolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, abdominopelvic CT scans of 500 patients were reviewed for the presence of urolithiasis and mesenteric panniculitis. The inclusion criteria were patients who were referred with acute abdominal pain and were suspected of having urolithiasis or other urinary conditions and who had undergone abdominopelvic CT scan. Subcutaneous fat thickness was measured, and pain intensity was recorded by patient evaluation. RESULTS Mesenteric panniculitis was found in 10 patients, all of whom (100%) had urinary stones (ureter or kidney or both), and none of them had previous surgeries or known malignancies. The prevalence of panniculitis was significantly greater in the group with urolithiasis. In the urolithiasis group, subcutaneous fat thickness was greater in patients with panniculitis, although the difference was not statistically significant. In the subgroup analysis, pain intensity was not significantly greater in patients with panniculitis. CONCLUSION Mesenteric panniculitis is more prevalent among patients with urolithiasis, but it seems that it does not change the intensity of the pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Dadkhah
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Niyayesh St, Shahrara, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Jafari
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Bagheri
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC), University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Ebrahimi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Radiology, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Niyayesh St, Shahrara, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Barbalho SM, de Alvares Goulart R, Minniti G, Bechara MD, de Castro MVM, Dias JA, Laurindo LF. Unraveling the rationale and conducting a comprehensive assessment of KD025 (Belumosudil) as a candidate drug for inhibiting adipogenic differentiation-a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2681-2699. [PMID: 37966572 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) are crucial during the adipocyte differentiation process. KD025 (Belumosudil) is a newly developed inhibitor that selectively targets ROCK2. It has exhibited consistent efficacy in impeding adipogenesis across a spectrum of in vitro models of adipogenic differentiation. Given the novelty of this treatment, a comprehensive systematic review has not been conducted yet. This systematic review aims to fill this knowledge void by providing readers with an extensive examination of the rationale behind KD025 and its impacts on adipogenesis. Preclinical evidence was gathered owing to the absence of clinical trials. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the study's quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. In various in vitro models, such as 3T3-L1 cells, human orbital fibroblasts, and human adipose-derived stem cells, KD025 demonstrated potent anti-adipogenic actions. At a molecular level, KD025 had significant effects, including decreasing fibronectin (Fn) expression, inhibiting ROCK2 and CK2 activity, suppressing lipid droplet formation, and reducing the expression of proadipogenic genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). Additionally, KD025 resulted in the suppression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4 or AP2) expression, a decrease in sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and Glut-4 expression. Emphasis must be placed on the fact that while KD025 shows potential in preclinical studies and experimental models, extensive research is crucial to assess its efficacy, safety, and potential therapeutic applications thoroughly and directly in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, 17500-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil.
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3
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Benvie AM, Lee D, Jiang Y, Berry DC. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta is required for embryonic specification and confinement of the adult white adipose lineage. iScience 2024; 27:108682. [PMID: 38235323 PMCID: PMC10792241 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) development and adult homeostasis rely on distinct adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs). While adult APCs are defined early during embryogenesis and generate adipocytes after WAT organogenesis, the mechanisms underlying adult adipose lineage determination and preservation remain undefined. Here, we uncover a critical role for platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (Pdgfrβ) in identifying the adult APC lineage. Without Pdgfrβ, APCs lose their adipogenic competency to incite fibrotic tissue replacement and inflammation. Through lineage tracing analysis, we reveal that the adult APC lineage is lost and develops into macrophages when Pdgfrβ is deleted embryonically. Moreover, to maintain the APC lineage, Pdgfrβ activation stimulates p38/MAPK phosphorylation to promote APC proliferation and maintains the APC state by phosphorylating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) at serine 112. Together, our findings identify a role for Pdgfrβ acting as a rheostat for adult adipose lineage confinement to prevent unintended lineage switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M. Benvie
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Derek Lee
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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4
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Kaazan P, Seow W, Yong S, Heilbronn LK, Segal JP. The Impact of Obesity on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3256. [PMID: 38137477 PMCID: PMC10740941 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is prevalent in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population, particularly in newly developed countries where both IBD and obesity in the general population are on the rise. The role of obesity in the pathogenesis of IBD was entertained but results from available studies are conflicting. It does, however, appear to negatively influence disease course whilst impacting on our medical and surgical therapies. The pro-inflammatory profile of the visceral adipose tissue might play a role in the pathogenesis and course of Crohn's Disease (CD). Interestingly, isolating the mesentery from the surgical anastomosis using a KONO-S technique significantly decreases anastomotic recurrence rate. Anti-obesity therapy is not widely used in IBD but was suggested as an adjunctive therapy in those patients. In this review, we aimed to highlight the epidemiology of obesity in IBD and to describe its influence on disease course and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kaazan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia (S.Y.)
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- IBDSA, Tennyson Centre, Kurralta Park, SA 5037, Australia
| | - Warren Seow
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia (S.Y.)
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Shaanan Yong
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia (S.Y.)
| | - Leonie K. Heilbronn
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia (S.Y.)
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jonathan P. Segal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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5
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Tsounis EP, Aggeletopoulou I, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Creeping Fat in the Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease: An Orchestrator or a Silent Bystander? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1826-1836. [PMID: 37260352 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the phenomenon of hypertrophied adipose tissue surrounding inflamed bowel segments in Crohn's disease has been described since 1932, the mechanisms mediating the creeping fat formation and its role in the pathogenesis of the disease have not been fully unraveled. Recent advances demonstrating the multiple actions of adipose tissue beyond energy storage have brought creeping fat to the forefront of scientific research. In Crohn's disease, dysbiosis and transmural injury compromise the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in an excessive influx of intraluminal microbiota and xenobiotics. The gut and peri-intestinal fat are in close anatomic relationship, implying a direct reciprocal immunologic relationship, whereas adipocytes are equipped with an arsenal of innate immunity sensors that respond to invading stimuli. As a result, adipocytes and their progenitor cells undergo profound immunophenotypic changes, leading to adipose tissue remodeling and eventual formation of creeping fat. Indeed, creeping fat is an immunologically active organ that synthesizes various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, profibrotic mediators, and adipokines that serve as paracrine/autocrine signals and regulate immune responses. Therefore, creeping fat appears to be involved in inflammatory signaling, which explains why it has been associated with a higher severity or complicated phenotype of Crohn's disease. Interestingly, there is growing evidence for an alternative immunomodulatory function of creeping fat as a second barrier that prevents an abnormal systemic inflammatory response at the expense of an increasingly proliferating profibrotic environment. Further studies are needed to clarify how this modified adipose tissue exerts its antithetic effect during the course of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios P Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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6
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Yue J, Wong PCH, Zhang Y, Peng F, Griffith JF, Xu J, Xiao F, Li TK, Hung V, Qin L, Tam LS. A novel visceral adiposity index predicts bone loss in female early rheumatoid arthritis patients detected by HR-pQCT. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2471. [PMID: 36774444 PMCID: PMC9922327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective study is to compare the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) between early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) patients and healthy controls; and to assess the relationship between CVAI and the bone microstructure using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in ERA patients. 104 female ERA and 100 age-, gender- and BMI-matched healthy controls were recruited for the comparison of CVAI. All ERA patients were prospectively followed for 1 year. HR-pQCT scan of the distal radius, tibia and second metacarpal head were performed at baseline and after one-year. ERA patients were divided into two sub-groups according to the median CVAI value (65.73) (low CVAI and high CVAI groups). CVAI in the ERA group was significantly higher than the controls group (p = 0.01). At baseline, the high CVAI group had a higher ESR level (p = 0.004) while the cortical volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was lower (at both the distal radius and tibia, all p < 0.05) compared to the low CVAI group. Linear regression analysis revealed that a higher baseline CVAI was an independent predictor of a lower cortical vBMD at month 12 (distal radius: B = - 0.626, p = 0.022, 95%CI - 1.914 to - 0.153; tibia: B = - 0.394, p = 0.003, 95%CI - 1.366 to - 0.290); and a greater reduction in trabecular vBMD (tibia: B = 0.444, p = 0.001, 95%CI 0.018-0.063; distal radius: B = 0.356, p = 0.008, 95%CI 0.403-0.063). In summary, CVAI is an independent predictor of trabecular bone loss in female patients with ERA, which may be augmented by a chronic inflammatory state in patients with visceral dysfunction of fat metabolism.Trial registration: http://Clinicaltrial.gov no: NCT01768923, 16/01/2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yue
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Priscilla C H Wong
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - James F Griffith
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tena K Li
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vivian Hung
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Bone Quality and Health Center, Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai-Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Capone F, Sotomayor-Flores C, Bode D, Wang R, Rodolico D, Strocchi S, Schiattarella GG. Cardiac metabolism in HFpEF: from fuel to signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3556-3575. [PMID: 36504368 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is marked by distinctive changes in myocardial uptake and utilization of energy substrates. Among the different types of HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a highly prevalent, complex, and heterogeneous condition for which metabolic derangements seem to dictate disease progression. Changes in intermediate metabolism in cardiometabolic HFpEF-among the most prevalent forms of HFpEF-have a large impact both on energy provision and on a number of signalling pathways in the heart. This dual, metabolic vs. signalling, role is played in particular by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and short-chain carbon sources [namely, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ketone bodies (KBs)]. LCFAs are key fuels for the heart, but their excess can be harmful, as in the case of toxic accumulation of lipid by-products (i.e. lipotoxicity). SCFAs and KBs have been proposed as a potential major, alternative source of energy in HFpEF. At the same time, both LCFAs and short-chain carbon sources are substrate for protein post-translational modifications and other forms of direct and indirect signalling of pivotal importance in HFpEF pathogenesis. An in-depth molecular understanding of the biological functions of energy substrates and their signalling role will be instrumental in the development of novel therapeutic approaches to HFpEF. Here, we summarize the current evidence on changes in energy metabolism in HFpEF, discuss the signalling role of intermediate metabolites through, at least in part, their fate as substrates for post-translational modifications, and highlight clinical and translational challenges around metabolic therapy in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Capone
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristian Sotomayor-Flores
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bode
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongling Wang
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Strocchi
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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8
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Leptin Increases: Physiological Roles in the Control of Sympathetic Nerve Activity, Energy Balance, and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032684. [PMID: 36769012 PMCID: PMC9917048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that decreases in plasma leptin levels, as with fasting, signal starvation and elicit appropriate physiological responses, such as increasing the drive to eat and decreasing energy expenditure. These responses are mediated largely by suppression of the actions of leptin in the hypothalamus, most notably on arcuate nucleus (ArcN) orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurons and anorexic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons. However, the question addressed in this review is whether the effects of increased leptin levels are also significant on the long-term control of energy balance, despite conventional wisdom to the contrary. We focus on leptin's actions (in both lean and obese individuals) to decrease food intake, increase sympathetic nerve activity, and support the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, with particular attention to sex differences. We also elaborate on obesity-induced inflammation and its role in the altered actions of leptin during obesity.
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9
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Wang G, Song A, Bae M, Wang QA. Adipose Tissue Plasticity in Aging. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:4119-4132. [PMID: 36214190 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As a dynamic endocrine organ, white adipose tissue (WAT) stores lipids and plays a critical role in maintaining whole-body energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. A large group of the population over 65 years old suffer from increased WAT mass, especially in the visceral location. Visceral adiposity accelerates aging through promoting age-associated chronic conditions, significantly shortening life expectancy. Unlike WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions as an effective energy sink that burns and disposes of excess lipids and glucose upon activation of thermogenesis. Unfortunately, the thermogenic activity of BAT declines during aging. New appreciation of cellular and functional remodeling of WAT and BAT during aging has emerged in recent years. Efforts are underway to explore the potential underlying mechanisms behind these age-associated alterations in WAT and BAT and the impact of these alterations on whole-body metabolism. Lastly, it is intriguing to translate our knowledge obtained from animal models to the clinic to prevent and treat age-associated metabolic disorders. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 4119-4132, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Marie Bae
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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10
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Attia SM, Das SC, Varadharajan K, Al-Naemi HA. White adipose tissue as a target for cadmium toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010817. [PMID: 36278208 PMCID: PMC9582776 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread heavy metal known as a toxic environmental pollutant. Cd exposure is threatening due to its bioaccumulation trait in living systems that exceeds 35 years without a beneficial biological role. Acute exposure to high Cd doses was reported to impact adipose tissue (AT) function adversely. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-dose chronic Cd exposure on the genes involved in adipose tissue (AT) functions. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a low Cd dose (15 mg/kg B.W./day) for 10 weeks. Then, three AT depots-subcutaneous AT (SUB-AT), abdominal AT (AB-AT), and retroperitoneal AT (REtrop-AT) were excised for Cd accumulation measures and gene expression analysis. Adiponectin and leptin gene expression levels were investigated as markers for adipocytes function and homeostasis. Our results showed that Cd accumulated in all the tested adipose depots, but SUB-AT was found to be the depot to most accumulate Cd. Also, it was exhibited that chronic exposure to low Cd doses altered the gene expression of adipocytokines. The levels of adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression were downregulated in all tested AT-depots after Cd exposure. The significant adverse effect on SUB-AT compared to other depots indicates different responses based on AT depots location toward Cd exposure. Collectively, these results suggest a toxic effect of Cd that influenced adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Mohammed Attia
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sandra Concepcion Das
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda A. Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Hamda A. Al-Naemi,
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11
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Zhu Q, Zhu Y, Hepler C, Zhang Q, Park J, Gliniak C, Henry GH, Crewe C, Bu D, Zhang Z, Zhao S, Morley T, Li N, Kim DS, Strand D, Deng Y, Robino JJ, Varlamov O, Gordillo R, Kolonin MG, Kusminski CM, Gupta RK, Scherer PE. Adipocyte mesenchymal transition contributes to mammary tumor progression. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111362. [PMID: 36103820 PMCID: PMC9533474 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased cancer incidence and progression. However, the relationship between adiposity and cancer remains poorly understood at the mechanistic level. Here, we report that adipocytes from tumor-invasive mammary fat undergo de-differentiation to fibroblast-like precursor cells during tumor progression and integrate into the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell sequencing reveals that these de-differentiated adipocytes lose their original identities and transform into multiple cell types, including myofibroblast- and macrophage-like cells, with their characteristic features involved in immune response, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The de-differentiated cells are metabolically distinct from tumor-associated fibroblasts but exhibit comparable effects on tumor cell proliferation. Inducing de-differentiation by Xbp1s overexpression promotes tumor progression despite lower adiposity. In contrast, promoting lipid-storage capacity in adipocytes through MitoNEET overexpression curbs tumor growth despite greater adiposity. Collectively, the metabolic interplay between tumor cells and adipocytes induces adipocyte mesenchymal transition and contributes to reconfigure the stroma into a more tumor-friendly microenvironment. Zhu et al. report that in mammary tumors, adipocytes undergo metabolic reprograming and de-differentiation. They acquire myofibroblast- and macrophage-like features, a process referred to as “adipocyte mesenchymal transition,” which modifies the tumor microenvironment via ECM remodeling and activation of the immune response and likely contributes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Christy Gliniak
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gervaise H Henry
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Clair Crewe
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dawei Bu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhuzhen Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shangang Zhao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas Morley
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Na Li
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Dae-Seok Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Douglas Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jacob J Robino
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Oleg Varlamov
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Disease, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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12
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Ding NS, Tassone D, Al Bakir I, Wu K, Thompson AJ, Connell WR, Malietzis G, Lung P, Singh S, Choi CHR, Gabe S, Jenkins JT, Hart A. Systematic Review: The Impact and Importance of Body Composition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1475-1492. [PMID: 35325076 PMCID: PMC9455788 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alterations in body composition are common in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] and have been associated with differences in patient outcomes. We sought to consolidate knowledge on the impact and importance of body composition in IBD. METHODS We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and conference proceedings by combining two key research themes: inflammatory bowel disease and body composition. RESULTS Fifty-five studies were included in this review. Thirty-one focused on the impact of IBD on body composition with a total of 2279 patients with a mean age 38.4 years. Of these, 1071 [47%] were male. In total, 1470 [64.5%] patients had Crohn's disease and 809 [35.5%] had ulcerative colitis. Notably, fat mass and fat-free mass were reduced, and higher rates of sarcopaenia were observed in those with active IBD compared with those in clinical remission and healthy controls. Twenty-four additional studies focused on the impact of derangements in body composition on IBD outcomes. Alterations in body composition in IBD are associated with poorer prognoses including higher rates of surgical intervention, post-operative complications and reduced muscle strength. In addition, higher rates of early treatment failure and primary non-response are seen in patients with myopaenia. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD have alterations in body composition parameters in active disease and clinical remission. The impacts of body composition on disease outcome and therapy are broad and require further investigation. The augmentation of body composition parameters in the clinical setting has the potential to improve IBD outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Sheng Ding
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, UK
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Tassone
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kyle Wu
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - William R Connell
- Gastroenterology Department, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Phillip Lung
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Simon Gabe
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, UK
| | - John T Jenkins
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Ailsa Hart
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, UK
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13
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Bothrops moojeni snake venom induces an inflammatory response in preadipocytes: Insights into a new aspect of envenomation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010658. [PMID: 35939519 PMCID: PMC9359566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bothrops envenomation is a public health problem in Brazil. Despite the advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of systemic and local effects induced by Bothrops venom, the target tissues to this venom are not completely characterised. As preadipocytes are important cells of the adipose tissue and synthesize inflammatory mediators, we investigated the ability of B. moojeni snake venom (Bmv) to stimulate an inflammatory response in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in vitro, focusing on (1) the release of PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, KC, leptin and adiponectin; (2) the mechanisms involved in PGE2 release and (3) differentiation of these cells. Cytotoxicity of Bmv was determined by MTT assay. The concentrations of PGE2, cytokines and adipokines were quantified by EIA. Participation of the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, NF-κB and PGE2 receptors (EP1-4) was assessed using a pharmacological approach, and protein expression of the COX enzymes and P-NF-κB was analysed by western blotting. Preadipocyte differentiation was quantified by Oil Red O staining. Bmv (1 μg/mL) induced release of PGE2, IL-6 and KC and increased expression of COX-2 in preadipocytes. Basal levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, leptin and adiponectin were not modified. Treatment of cells with SC560 (COX-1 inhibitor) and NS398 (COX-2 inhibitor) inhibited Bmv-induced PGE2 release. Bmv induced phosphorylation of NF-κB, and treatment of the cells with TPCK and SN50, which inhibit distinct NF-κB domains, significantly reduced Bmv-induced PGE2 release, as did the treatment with an antagonist of PGE2 receptor EP1, unlike treatment with antagonists of EP2, EP3 or EP4. Bmv also induced lipid accumulation in differentiating cells. These results demonstrate that Bmv can activate an inflammatory response in preadipocytes by inducing the release of inflammatory mediators; that PGE2 production is mediated by the COX-1, COX-2 and NF-κB pathways; and that engagement of EP1 potentiates PGE2 synthesis via a positive feedback mechanism. Our findings highlight the role of the adipose tissue as another target for Bmv and suggest that it contributes to Bothrops envenomation by producing inflammatory mediators.
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14
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Åkra S, Seljeflot I, Braathen B, Bratseth V, Hansen CH, Arnesen H, Tønnessen T, Solheim S. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation in subcutaneous, epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary by-pass surgery. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2022; 48:47-54. [PMID: 36644557 PMCID: PMC9833236 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Epicardial and pericardial adipose tissue (EAT and PAT) associate with atherosclerosis, however, discussed to have different inflammatory properties. We examined the NLRP3 inflammasome related pathway, playing a pivotal role in atherosclerosis, in EAT, PAT and subcutaneous AT (SAT), their relationship to cell types and anthropometric measures in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods Biopsies from EAT, PAT and SAT were collected from 52 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) (median body weight 85.0 kg) and 22 controls. RNA was extracted and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, NLRP3, Caspase-1, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), IL-6, IL-6 receptor and gp130 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results Limited differences in any genes between CHD patients and controls. IL-18 and IL-6 were 4-fold higher expressed in EAT versus PAT (p < 0.01, both) and SAT (p < 0.001, both), whereas caspase-1, IL-6R and gp130 were higher expressed in SAT compared to the other compartments (all p = 0.06-<0.001). Significant correlations between SAT and PAT gene expressions (r = 0.358-0.579, all p ≤ 0.01). Especially NLRP3 and TLR4 associated with the expression of macrophages in all compartments (all p < 0.001). In EAT IL-18 correlated inversely with the expression of macrophages and T-cells. In SAT and PAT most of the mediators associated with body weight. Conclusions Higher expression of IL-18 and IL-6 was observed in EAT in our non-obese CHD patients, not related to inflammatory cells. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation in SAT that mirrored PAT, both related to anthropometrics, suggest that SAT samples, being easily available, to a certain degree, represent adipose tissue inflammation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Åkra
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Corresponding author. Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Pb 4954 Nydalen, N-0240, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Braathen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Bratseth
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotte Holst Hansen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theis Tønnessen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Regidor PA, de la Rosa X, Müller A, Mayr M, Gonzalez Santos F, Gracia Banzo R, Rizo JM. PCOS: A Chronic Disease That Fails to Produce Adequately Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020456. [PMID: 35203665 PMCID: PMC8962413 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinological disorder that affects 5–15% of women of their reproductive age and is a frequent cause of infertility. Major symptoms include hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and often obesity and/or insulin resistance. PCOS also represents a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is closely interlinked with the metabolic features. “Classical” pro-inflammatory lipid mediators such as prostaglandins (PG), leukotrienes (LT), or thromboxanes (TX) are derived from arachidonic acid (AA) and are crucial for the initial response. Resolution processes are driven by four families of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs): resolvins, maresins, lipoxins, and protectins. The study aimed to establish lipid mediator profiles of PCOS patients compared to healthy women to identify differences in their resolutive and pro-inflammatory lipid parameters. Material and Methods: Fifteen female patients (18–45 years) were diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria, and five healthy women, as a comparator group, were recruited for the study. The main outcome measures were: pro-inflammatory lipid mediators (PG, LT, TX) and their precursor AA, SPMs (resolvins, maresins, protectins, lipoxins), their precursors EPA, DHA, DPA, and their active biosynthesis pathway intermediates (18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, 14-HDHA). Results: The level of pro-inflammatory parameters in serum was significantly higher in PCOS-affected women. The ratio (sum of pro-inflammatory molecules)/(sum of SPMs plus hydroxylated intermediates) reflecting the inflammatory state was significantly lower in the group of healthy women. Conclusion: There is a strong pro-inflammatory state in PCOS patients. Further research will clarify whether supplementation with SPMs or their precursors may improve this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro-Antonio Regidor
- Exeltis Healthcare, Adalperostr. 84, 85737 Ismaning, Germany; (A.M.); (M.M.)
- OTC Chemo, Manuel Pombo Angulo 28-4th Floor, 28050 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-894-5205-2919 or +49-173-893-8132; Fax: +49-8945-2052-9819
| | - Xavier de la Rosa
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Anna Müller
- Exeltis Healthcare, Adalperostr. 84, 85737 Ismaning, Germany; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuela Mayr
- Exeltis Healthcare, Adalperostr. 84, 85737 Ismaning, Germany; (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Rafael Gracia Banzo
- Solutex GC SL, Parque Empresarial Utebo, Avda. Miguel Servet n° 81, 50180 Utebo, Spain;
| | - Jose Miguel Rizo
- OTC Chemo, Manuel Pombo Angulo 28-4th Floor, 28050 Madrid, Spain;
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16
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Poledne R, Kralova Lesna I. Adipose tissue macrophages and atherogenesis – a synergy with cholesterolaemia. Physiol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.33549//physiolres.934745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive LDL cholesterol concentration together with subclinical inflammation, in which macrophages play a central role, are linked pathologies. The process starts with the accumulation of macrophages in white adipose tissue and the switch of their polarization toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue is related to the main risk predictors of cardiovascular disease. The cholesterol content of phospholipids of cell membranes seems to possess a crucial role in the regulation of membrane signal transduction and macrophage polarization. Also, different fatty acids of membrane phospholipids influence phenotypes of adipose tissue macrophages with saturated fatty acids stimulating pro-inflammatory whereas ω3 fatty acids anti-inflammatory changes. The inflammatory status of white adipose tissue, therefore, reflects not only adipose tissue volume but also adipose tissue macrophages feature. The beneficial dietary change leading to an atherogenic lipoprotein decrease may therefore synergically reduce adipose tissue driven inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Poledne
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Yin Y, Zhu ZX, Li Z, Chen YS, Zhu WM. Role of mesenteric component in Crohn’s disease: A friend or foe? World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:1536-1549. [PMID: 35070062 PMCID: PMC8727179 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i12.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a complex and relapsing gastrointestinal disease with mesenteric alterations. The mesenteric neural, vascular, and endocrine systems actively take part in the gut dysbiosis-adaptive immunity-mesentery-body axis, and this axis has been proven to be bidirectional. The abnormalities of morphology and function of the mesenteric component are associated with intestinal inflammation and disease progress of CD via responses to afferent signals, neuropeptides, lymphatic drainage, adipokines, and functional cytokines. The hypertrophy of mesenteric adipose tissue plays important roles in the pathogenesis of CD by secreting large amounts of adipokines and representing a rich source of proinflammatory or profibrotic cytokines. The vascular alteration, including angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, is concomitant in the disease course of CD. Of note, the enlarged and obstructed lymphatic vessels, which have been described in CD patients, are likely related to the early onset submucosa edema and being a cause of CD. The function of mesenteric lymphatics is influenced by endocrine of mesenteric nerves and adipocytes. Meanwhile, the structure of the mesenteric lymphatic vessels in hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue is mispatterned and ruptured, which can lead to lymph leakage. Leaky lymph factors can in turn stimulate adipose tissue to proliferate and effectively elicit an immune response. The identification of the role of mesentery and the crosstalk between mesenteric tissues in intestinal inflammation may shed light on understanding the underlying mechanism of CD and help explore new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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18
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Gunes SO, Akturk Y, Guldogan ES, Yilmaz KB, Ergun O, Hekimoglu B. Association between mesenteric panniculitis and non-neoplastic disorders. Clin Imaging 2021; 79:219-224. [PMID: 34119913 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between MP and coexisting non-neoplastic disorders. METHODS Consecutive abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans of 4674 patients were evaluated retrospectively for CT features of MP between January 2017 and January 2018. Clinical findings of patients were analyzed. Four control patients were selected from our cohort for each MP patient such that they matched for age, gender and CT protocol. Statistical analysis was performed using a t, Mann-Whitney U, χ2, or Fisher's test. RESULTS 976 patients were excluded from the study due to the exclusion criteria and finally, 102/3698 patients were diagnosed with MP (mean age = 57.2 ± 12.5 years, 52% male). On CT, a hyperattenuated fatty mass (120/120), subcentimeter lymph nodes (117/120), congregation of mesenteric vessels (82/120) within the mass, a fat halo sign (28/120) and a pseudocapsule (88/120) were seen at the mesentery.The intra-observer agreement was almost perfect for the fatty mass and lymph nodes and moderate or substantial for other CT features (p < 0.001). The most prominent disorders were metabolic syndrome (MetS) and urogenital diseases in MP (45%, 37%, respectively) and control groups (31%, 26%, respectively). Between groups, no significant differences were found in the history of abdominal surgery, gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases (p-value range 0.064-0.663); however, significant differences were found in the rates of vascular, urogenital diseases and MetS (p-value range 0.012-0.036). CONCLUSION MetS and urolithiasis were significantly more common in patients with MP than in those without MP. Therefore, there may be a clinically relevant association between these disorders. MetS may be a risk factor for MP and urolithiasis, and treatment of metabolic disorders should be undertaken to prevent these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Ozbal Gunes
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Dıskapı, 06130 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Akturk
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Dıskapı, 06130 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Soyer Guldogan
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Dıskapı, 06130 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerim Bora Yilmaz
- Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Dıskapı, 06130 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Ergun
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Dıskapı, 06130 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Baki Hekimoglu
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Dıskapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Dıskapı, 06130 Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Sundararaman SS, Peters LJF, Jansen Y, Gencer S, Yan Y, Nazir S, Bonnin Marquez A, Kahles F, Lehrke M, Biessen EAL, Jankowski J, Weber C, Döring Y, van der Vorst EPC. Adipocyte calcium sensing receptor is not involved in visceral adipose tissue inflammation or atherosclerosis development in hyperlipidemic Apoe -/- mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10409. [PMID: 34001955 PMCID: PMC8128899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein coupled receptor that especially plays an important role in the sensing of extracellular calcium to maintain its homeostasis. Several in-vitro studies demonstrated that CaSR plays a role in adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation, resulting in systemic inflammation and contributing to atherosclerosis development. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adipocyte CaSR plays a role in adipose tissue inflammation in-vivo and atherosclerosis development. By using a newly established conditional mature adipocyte specific CaSR deficient mouse on a hyperlipidemic and atherosclerosis prone Apoe−/− background it could be shown that CaSR deficiency in adipocytes does neither contribute to initiation nor to progression of atherosclerotic plaques as judged by the unchanged lesion size or composition. Additionally, CaSR deficiency did not influence gonadal visceral adipose tissue (vAT) inflammation in-vivo, although a small decrease in gonadal visceral adipose cholesterol content could be observed. In conclusion, adipocyte CaSR seems not to be involved in vAT inflammation in-vivo and does not influence atherosclerosis development in hyperlipidemic Apoe−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sahana Sundararaman
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Linsey J F Peters
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Jansen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Selin Gencer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Yan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sumra Nazir
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Bonnin Marquez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Planat-Benard V, Varin A, Casteilla L. MSCs and Inflammatory Cells Crosstalk in Regenerative Medicine: Concerted Actions for Optimized Resolution Driven by Energy Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626755. [PMID: 33995350 PMCID: PMC8120150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are currently widely used in cell based therapy regarding to their remarkable efficacy in controlling the inflammatory status in patients. Despite recent progress and encouraging results, inconstant therapeutic benefits are reported suggesting that significant breakthroughs in the understanding of MSCs immunomodulatory mechanisms of action remains to be investigated and certainly apprehended from original point of view. This review will focus on the recent findings regarding MSCs close relationship with the innate immune compartment, i.e. granulocytes and myeloid cells. The review will also consider the intercellular mechanism of communication involved, such as factor secretion, cell-cell contact, extracellular vesicles, mitochondria transfer and efferocytosis. Immune-like-properties of MSCs supporting part of their therapeutic effect in the clinical setting will be discussed, as well as their potentials (immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant defenses and metabolic adaptation…) and effects mediated, such as cell polarization, differentiation, death and survival on various immune and tissue cell targets determinant in triggering tissue regeneration. Their metabolic properties in term of sensing, reacting and producing metabolites influencing tissue inflammation will be highlighted. The review will finally open to discussion how ongoing scientific advances on MSCs could be efficiently translated to clinic in chronic and age-related inflammatory diseases and the current limits and gaps that remain to be overcome to achieving tissue regeneration and rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Planat-Benard
- RESTORE, University of Toulouse, UMR 1031-INSERM, 5070-CNRS, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Varin
- RESTORE, University of Toulouse, UMR 1031-INSERM, 5070-CNRS, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE, University of Toulouse, UMR 1031-INSERM, 5070-CNRS, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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21
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Crohn's Disease Increases the Mesothelial Properties of Adipocyte Progenitors in the Creeping Fat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084292. [PMID: 33924264 PMCID: PMC8074767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the interplay between human adipose tissue and the immune system is limited. The mesothelium, an immunologically active structure, emerged as a source of visceral adipose tissue. After investigating the mesothelial properties of human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and their progenitors, we explored whether the dysfunctional obese and Crohn's disease environments influence the mesothelial/mesenchymal properties of their adipocyte precursors, as well as their ability to mount an immune response. Using a tandem transcriptomic/proteomic approach, we evaluated the mesothelial and mesenchymal expression profiles in adipose tissue, both in subjects covering a wide range of body-mass indexes and in Crohn's disease patients. We also isolated adipose tissue precursors (adipose-derived stem cells, ASCs) to assess their mesothelial/mesenchymal properties, as well as their antigen-presenting features. Human visceral tissue presented a mesothelial phenotype not detected in the subcutaneous fat. Only ASCs from mesenteric adipose tissue, named creeping fat, had a significantly higher expression of the hallmark mesothelial genes mesothelin (MSLN) and Wilms' tumor suppressor gene 1 (WT1), supporting a mesothelial nature of these cells. Both lean and Crohn's disease visceral ASCs expressed equivalent surface percentages of the antigen-presenting molecules human leucocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) and CD86. However, lean-derived ASCs were predominantly HLA-DR dim, whereas in Crohn's disease, the HLA-DR bright subpopulation was increased 3.2-fold. Importantly, the mesothelial-enriched Crohn's disease precursors activated CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Our study evidences a mesothelial signature in the creeping fat of Crohn's disease patients and its progenitor cells, the latter being able to present antigens and orchestrate an immune response.
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22
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Dwaib HS, AlZaim I, Eid AH, Obeid O, El-Yazbi AF. Modulatory Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Amelioration of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Early Metabolic Impairment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626313. [PMID: 33897419 PMCID: PMC8062864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a cluster of maladaptive cardiovascular, renal, thrombotic, inflammatory, and metabolic disorders. It confers a high risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. CMS is triggered by major shifts in lifestyle and dietary habits with increased consumption of refined, calorie-dense diets. Evidence indicates that diet-induced CMS is linked to Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. This led to the proposal that adipose inflammation may be involved in metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance and poor glycemic control, as well as the contribution to the inflammatory process predisposing patients to increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, in the absence of direct pharmacological interventions for the subclinical phase of CMS, time restricted feeding regimens were anticipated to alleviate early metabolic damage and subsequent comorbidities. These regimens, referred to as intermittent fasting (IF), showed a strong positive impact on the metabolic state of obese and non-obese human subjects and animal models, positive AT remodeling in face of overnutrition and high fat diet (HFD) consumption, and improved CV outcomes. Here, we summarize the available evidence on the role of adipose inflammation in triggering cardiovascular impairment in the context of diet induced CMS with an emphasis on the involvement of perivascular adipose tissue. As well, we propose some possible molecular pathways linking intermittent fasting to the ameliorative effect on adipose inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction under such circumstances. We highlight a number of targets, whose function changes in perivascular adipose tissue inflammation and could be modified by intermittent fasting acting as a novel approach to ameliorate the inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S. Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
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23
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Potential of Nutraceutical Supplementation in the Modulation of White and Brown Fat Tissues in Obesity-Associated Disorders: Role of Inflammatory Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073351. [PMID: 33805912 PMCID: PMC8037903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of obesity is associated with an increasing risk of several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sustained obesity is characterized by a chronic and unsolved inflammation of adipose tissue, which leads to a greater expression of proinflammatory adipokines, excessive lipid storage and adipogenesis. The purpose of this review is to clarify how inflammatory mediators act during adipose tissue dysfunction in the development of insulin resistance and all obesity-associated diseases. In particular, we focused our attention on the role of inflammatory signaling in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), which represent a relevant component of adipose alterations during obesity. Furthermore, we reported the most recent evidence in the literature on nutraceutical supplementation in the management of the adipose inflammatory state, and in particular on their potential effect on common inflammatory mediators and pathways, responsible for WAT and BAT dysfunction. Although further research is needed to demonstrate that targeting pro-inflammatory mediators improves adipose tissue dysfunction and activates thermogenesis in BAT and WAT browning during obesity, polyphenols supplementation could represent an innovative therapeutic strategy to prevent progression of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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24
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Madani AY, Majeed Y, Abdesselem HB, Agha MV, Vakayil M, Sukhun NKA, Halabi NM, Kumar P, Hayat S, Elrayess MA, Rafii A, Suhre K, Mazloum NA. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Suppresses STAT1/Interferon Signaling Pathway and Inflammation in Senescent Preadipocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020334. [PMID: 33672392 PMCID: PMC7927067 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes premature aging and dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT) through the accumulation of cellular senescence. The senescent cells burden in WAT has been linked to inflammation, insulin-resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). There is limited knowledge about molecular mechanisms that sustain inflammation in obese states. Here, we describe a robust and physiologically relevant in vitro system to trigger senescence in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. By employing transcriptomics analyses, we discovered up-regulation of key pro-inflammatory molecules and activation of interferon/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1/3 signaling in senescent preadipocytes, and expression of downstream targets was induced in epididymal WAT of obese mice, and obese human adipose tissue. To test the relevance of STAT1/3 signaling to preadipocyte senescence, we used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology to delete STAT1/3 and discovered that STAT1 promoted growth arrest and cooperated with cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate (GMP-AMP) synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) to drive the expression of interferon β (IFNβ), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), and interferon signaling-related genes. In contrast, we discovered that STAT3 was a negative regulator of STAT1/cGAS-STING signaling-it suppressed senescence and inflammation. These data provide insights into how STAT1/STAT3 signaling coordinates senescence and inflammation through functional interactions with the cGAS/STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Y. Madani
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (A.Y.M.); (M.V.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
| | - Yasser Majeed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
| | - Houari B. Abdesselem
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar;
| | - Maha V. Agha
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
| | - Muneera Vakayil
- College of Health & Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar; (A.Y.M.); (M.V.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
| | - Nour K. Al Sukhun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
| | - Najeeb M. Halabi
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.M.H.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Shahina Hayat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.H.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Arash Rafii
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (N.M.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (S.H.); (K.S.)
| | - Nayef A. Mazloum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar; (Y.M.); (N.K.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Sinha SK, Shaheen M, Singh VR, Rajavashisth TB, Pan D, Sun L, Norris KC, Nicholas SB. How Clinically Relevant Is C-Reactive Protein for Blacks with Metabolic Syndrome to Predict Microalbuminuria? Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 19:39-47. [PMID: 32896227 PMCID: PMC7891189 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with elevated urinary albumin (UA) excretion and C-reactive protein (CRP). However, potential differences in CRP levels on the association between individual components of the MetS and microalbuminuria (MA; 30-300 μg/mL) and/or UA (0-300 μg/mL) by race/ethnicity is unknown. Methods: We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data, (1999-2010) for adults (≥20 years of age) with the MetS (N = 5700). The Sobel-Goodman mediation test examined the influence of CRP on the association between individual MetS components and both MA and UA by race/ethnicity. We applied machine learning models to predict UA. Results: CRP mediated the association between waist circumference (WC) and MA in Whites and Hispanics but not in Blacks. However, in general, the proportion of the total effect of MetS components on UA, mediated by CRP, was: 11% for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and 40% for WC (P < 0.001). In contrast to MA, the mediation effect of CRP for WC and UA was highest for Blacks (94%) compared with Whites (55%) or Hispanics (18%), P < 0.05. The prediction of an elevated UA concentration was increased in Blacks (∼51%) with the MetS when CRP was added to the random forest model. Conclusions: CRP mediates the association between UA and both HDL-C and WC in Whites and Blacks and between UA and WC in Hispanics. Moreover, the machine learning approach suggests that the incorporation of CRP may improve model prediction of UA in Blacks. These findings may favor screening for CRP in persons with the MetS, particularly in Blacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyesh K. Sinha
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Magda Shaheen
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Tripathi B. Rajavashisth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Deyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ling Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Keith C. Norris
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susanne B. Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Regidor PA, Mueller A, Sailer M, Gonzalez Santos F, Rizo JM, Moreno Egea F. Chronic Inflammation in PCOS: The Potential Benefits of Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators (SPMs) in the Improvement of the Resolutive Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010384. [PMID: 33396555 PMCID: PMC7795660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PCOS as the most common endocrine disorder of women in their reproductive age affects between 5–15% of the female population. Apart from its cardinal symptoms, like irregular and anovulatory cycles, hyperandrogenemia and a typical ultrasound feature of the ovary, obesity, and insulin resistance are often associated with the disease. Furthermore, PCOS represents a status of chronic inflammation with permanently elevated levels of inflammatory markers including IL-6 and IL-18, TNF-α, and CRP. Inflammation, as discovered only recently, consists of two processes occurring concomitantly: active initiation, involving “classical” mediators including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and active resolution processes based on the action of so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). These novel lipid mediator molecules derive from the essential ω3-poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) DHA and EPA and are synthesized via specific intermediates. The role and benefits of SPMs in chronic inflammatory diseases like obesity, atherosclerosis, and Diabetes mellitus has become a subject of intense research during the last years and since PCOS features several of these pathologies, this review aims at summarizing potential roles of SPMs in this disease and their putative use as novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Mueller
- Exeltis Germany GmbH, Adalperostr. 84, 85737 Ismaning, Germany; (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuela Sailer
- Exeltis Germany GmbH, Adalperostr. 84, 85737 Ismaning, Germany; (A.M.); (M.S.)
| | | | | | - Fernando Moreno Egea
- Solutex SA. Avenida de la Transición Española 24, 28108 Alcobendas, Spain; (F.G.S.); (F.M.E.)
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Gene expression profile of CD14 + blood monocytes following lifestyle-induced weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17855. [PMID: 33082492 PMCID: PMC7576128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle-induced weight loss is regarded as an efficient therapy to reverse metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to prevent disease progression. The objective of this study was to investigate whether lifestyle-induced weight loss modulates gene expression in circulating monocytes. We analyzed and compared gene expression in monocytes (CD14+ cells) and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies by unbiased mRNA profiling. Samples were obtained before and after diet-induced weight loss in well-defined male individuals in a prospective controlled clinical trial (ICTRP Trial Number: U1111-1158-3672). The BMI declined significantly (− 12.6%) in the treatment arm (N = 39) during the 6-month weight loss intervention. This was associated with a significant reduction in hsCRP (− 45.84%) and circulating CD14+ cells (− 21.0%). Four genes were differentially expressed (DEG’s) in CD14+ cells following weight loss (ZRANB1, RNF25, RB1CC1 and KMT2C). Comparative analyses of paired CD14+ monocytes and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples before and after weight loss did not identify common genes differentially regulated in both sample types. Lifestyle-induced weight loss is associated with specific changes in gene expression in circulating CD14+ monocytes, which may affect ubiquitination, histone methylation and autophagy.
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28
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Adipose tissue, immune aging, and cellular senescence. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:573-587. [PMID: 32785750 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan, decreased responses to infections and vaccination, and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions typical of old age. Obesity is characterized by increased fat mass and remodeling of the adipose tissue (AT). In this review, we summarize published data on the different types of AT present in mice and humans, and their roles as fat storage as well as endocrine and immune tissues. We review the age-induced changes, including those in the distribution of fat in the body, in abundance and function of adipocytes and their precursors, and in the infiltration of immune cells from the peripheral blood. We also show that cells with a senescent-associated secretory phenotype accumulate in the AT of mice and humans with age, where they secrete several factors involved in the establishment and maintenance of local inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, tissue remodeling, and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells. Not only adipocytes and pre-adipocytes but also immune cells show a senescent phenotype in the AT. With the increase in human lifespan, it is crucial to identify strategies of intervention and target senescent cells in the AT to reduce local and systemic inflammation and the development of age-associated diseases. Several studies have indeed shown that senescent cells can be effectively targeted in the AT by selectively removing them or by inhibiting the pathways that lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Luo X, Li Y, Yang P, Chen Y, Wei L, Yu T, Xia J, Ruan XZ, Zhao L, Chen Y. Obesity induces preadipocyte CD36 expression promoting inflammation via the disruption of lysosomal calcium homeostasis and lysosome function. EBioMedicine 2020; 56:102797. [PMID: 32516742 PMCID: PMC7281849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preadipocyte is closely related to obesity-induced inflammation. The impairment of autophagic flux by defective lysosomal function has been observed in adipose tissue from obese mice. While the fatty acid translocase CD36 is an important immuno-metabolic receptor, it remains unclear whether preadipocyte CD36 is involved in adipose tissue inflammation and whether CD36 regulates lysosomal function. Methods Using visceral adipose tissue from obese patients, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice model, primary mouse preadipocytes and 3T3L1 cells we analyzed whether and how preadipocyte CD36 modulates lysosomal function and adipose tissue inflammation. Findings CD36 expression in preadipocytes is induced in obese patients and HFD-fed mice, accompanied with the disruption of lysosome function. CD36 knockout protects primary preadipocytes of HFD-fed mice from lysosomal impairment. In vitro, CD36 interacts with Fyn to phosphorylate and activate Inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1), causing excess calcium transport from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to lysosome, which results in lysosomal impairment and inflammation. Moreover, IP3R inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2APB) attenuates lysosomal impairment, inflammation and lipid accumulation in CD36-overexpressing preadipocytes. Interpretation Our data support that the abnormal upregulation of CD36 in preadipocytes may contribute to the development of adipose tissue inflammation. CD36/Fyn/IP3R1-mediated lysosomal calcium overload leads to lysosomal impairment and inflammation in preadipocyte. Thus targeting improving lysosomal calcium homeostasis may represent a novel strategy for treating obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Luo
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Medical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Hanghai, China; John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Sudhakaran M, Doseff AI. The Targeted Impact of Flavones on Obesity-Induced Inflammation and the Potential Synergistic Role in Cancer and the Gut Microbiota. Molecules 2020; 25:E2477. [PMID: 32471061 PMCID: PMC7321129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an inflammatory disease that is approaching pandemic levels, affecting nearly 30% of the world's total population. Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, consequentially impacting the quality of life and imposing a serious socioeconomic burden. Hence, reducing obesity and related life-threatening conditions has become a paramount health challenge. The chronic systemic inflammation characteristic of obesity promotes adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic changes. Macrophages, the major culprits in obesity-induced inflammation, contribute to sustaining a dysregulated immune function, which creates a vicious adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Therefore, targeting regulatory inflammatory pathways has attracted great attention to overcome obesity and its related conditions. However, the lack of clinical efficacy and the undesirable side-effects of available therapeutic options for obesity provide compelling reasons for the need to identify additional approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation. Plant-based active metabolites or nutraceuticals and diets with an increased content of these compounds are emerging as subjects of intense scientific investigation, due to their ability to ameliorate inflammatory conditions and offer safe and cost-effective opportunities to improve health. Flavones are a class of flavonoids with anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Preclinical studies have laid foundations by establishing the potential role of flavones in suppressing adipogenesis, inducing browning, modulating immune responses in the adipose tissues, and hindering obesity-induced inflammation. Nonetheless, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-obesogenic activity of flavones remains scarce and requires further investigations. This review recapitulates the molecular aspects of obesity-induced inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages, while focusing on the current evidence on the health benefits of flavones against obesity and chronic inflammation, which has been positively correlated with an enhanced cancer incidence. We conclude the review by highlighting the areas of research warranting a deeper investigation, with an emphasis on flavones and their potential impact on the crosstalk between adipocytes, the immune system, the gut microbiome, and their role in the regulation of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrea I. Doseff
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Influenza infection rewires energy metabolism and induces browning features in adipose cells and tissues. Commun Biol 2020; 3:237. [PMID: 32409640 PMCID: PMC7224208 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Like all obligate intracellular pathogens, influenza A virus (IAV) reprograms host cell's glucose and lipid metabolism to promote its own replication. However, the impact of influenza infection on white adipose tissue (WAT), a key tissue in the control of systemic energy homeostasis, has not been yet characterized. Here, we show that influenza infection induces alterations in whole-body glucose metabolism that persist long after the virus has been cleared. We report depot-specific changes in the WAT of IAV-infected mice, notably characterized by the appearance of thermogenic brown-like adipocytes within the subcutaneous fat depot. Importantly, viral RNA- and viral antigen-harboring cells are detected in the WAT of infected mice. Using in vitro approaches, we find that IAV infection enhances the expression of brown-adipogenesis-related genes in preadipocytes. Overall, our findings shed light on the role that the white adipose tissue, which lies at the crossroads of nutrition, metabolism and immunity, may play in influenza infection.
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Baptista LS. Adipose stromal/stem cells in regenerative medicine: Potentials and limitations. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1-7. [PMID: 32110271 PMCID: PMC7031762 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, briefly comparing them with their bone marrow counterparts, and discussing their potential for use in regenerative medicine. Subcutaneous adipose tissue differs from other mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) sources in that it contains a pre-adipocyte population that dwells in the adventitia of robust blood vessels. Pre-adipocytes are present both in the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF; freshly isolated cells) and in the adherent fraction of adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs; in vitro expanded cells), and have an active role on the chronic inflammation environment established in obesity, likely due their monocytic-macrophage lineage identity. The SVF and ASCs have been explored in cell therapy protocols with relative success, given their paracrine and immunomodulatory effects. Importantly, the widely explored multipotentiality of ASCs has direct application in bone, cartilage and adipose tissue engineering. The aim of this editorial is to reinforce the peculiarities of the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, revealing the spheroids as a recently described biotechnological tool for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Innovative cell culture techniques, in particular 3D scaffold-free cultures such as spheroids, are now available to increase the potential for regeneration and differentiation of mesenchymal lineages. Spheroids are being explored not only as a model for cell differentiation, but also as powerful 3D cell culture tools to maintain the stemness and expand the regenerative and differentiation capacities of mesenchymal cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Santos Baptista
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
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Soltani N, Marandi SM, Kazemi M, Esmaeil N. The Exercise Training Modulatory Effects on the Obesity-Induced Immunometabolic Dysfunctions. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:785-810. [PMID: 32256095 PMCID: PMC7090203 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s234992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced physical activity rate in people's lifestyle is a global concern associated with the prevalence of health disorders such as obesity and metabolic disturbance. Ample evidence has indicated a critical role of the immune system in the aggravation of obesity. The type, duration, and production of adipose tissue-released mediators may change subsequent inactive lifestyle-induced obesity, leading to the chronic systematic inflammation and monocyte/macrophage (MON/MФ) phenotype polarization. Preliminary adipose tissue expansion can be inhibited by changing the lifestyle. In this context, exercise training is widely recommended due to a definite improvement of energy balance and the potential impacts on the inflammatory signaling cascades. How exercise training affects the immune system has not yet been fully elucidated, because its anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, or even immunosuppressive impacts have been indicated in the literature. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms triggered by exercise can suggest a new approach to combat meta-inflammation-induced metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarized the obesity-induced inflammatory pathways, the roles of MON/MФ polarization in adipose tissue and systemic inflammation, and the underlying inflammatory mechanisms triggered by exercise during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nakisa Soltani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Sayed Mohammad Marandi Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranTel +983137932358Fax +983136687572 Email
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Esmaeil
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Correspondence: Nafiseh Esmaeil Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan81744-176, IranTel +98 31 37929097Fax +98 3113 7929031 Email
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Haider N, Boscá L, Zandbergen HR, Kovacic JC, Narula N, González-Ramos S, Fernandez-Velasco M, Agrawal S, Paz-García M, Gupta S, DeLeon-Pennell K, Fuster V, Ibañez B, Narula J. Transition of Macrophages to Fibroblast-Like Cells in Healing Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:3124-3135. [PMID: 31856969 PMCID: PMC7425814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages and fibroblasts are 2 major cell types involved in healing after myocardial infarction (MI), contributing to myocardial remodeling and fibrosis. Post-MI fibrosis progression is characterized by a decrease in cardiac macrophage content. OBJECTIVES This study explores the potential of macrophages to express fibroblast genes and the direct role of these cells in post-MI cardiac fibrosis. METHODS Prolonged in vitro culture of human macrophages was used to evaluate the capacity to express fibroblast markers. Infiltrating cardiac macrophages was tracked in vivo after experimental MI of LysM(Cre/+);ROSA26(EYFP/+) transgenic mice. The expression of Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP) in these animals is restricted to myeloid lineage allowing the identification of macrophage-derived fibroblasts. The expression in YFP-positive cells of fibroblast markers was determined in myocardial tissue sections of hearts from these mice after MI. RESULTS Expression of the fibroblast markers type I collagen, prolyl-4-hydroxylase, fibroblast specific protein-1, and fibroblast activation protein was evidenced in YFP-positive cells in the heart after MI. The presence of fibroblasts after MI was evaluated in the hearts of animals after depletion of macrophages with clodronate liposomes. This macrophage depletion significantly reduced the number of Mac3+Col1A1+ cells in the heart after MI. CONCLUSIONS The data provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence for the ability of macrophages to transition and adopt a fibroblast-like phenotype. Therapeutic manipulation of this macrophage-fibroblast transition may hold promise for favorably modulating the fibrotic response after MI and after other cardiovascular pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezam Haider
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
| | - H Reinier Zandbergen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernandez-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica LaPaz, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sudhanshu Agrawal
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Marta Paz-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Kristine DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain. https://twitter.com/Borjaibanez1
| | - Jagat Narula
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Bourgeois C, Gorwood J, Barrail-Tran A, Lagathu C, Capeau J, Desjardins D, Le Grand R, Damouche A, Béréziat V, Lambotte O. Specific Biological Features of Adipose Tissue, and Their Impact on HIV Persistence. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2837. [PMID: 31921023 PMCID: PMC6927940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although white AT can contribute to anti-infectious immune responses, it can also be targeted and perturbed by pathogens. The AT's immune involvement is primarily due to strong pro-inflammatory responses (with both local and paracrine effects), and the large number of fat-resident macrophages. Adipocytes also exert direct antimicrobial responses. In recent years, it has been found that memory T cells accumulate in AT, where they provide efficient secondary responses against viral pathogens. These observations have prompted researchers to re-evaluate the links between obesity and susceptibility to infections. In contrast, AT serves as a reservoir for several persistence pathogens, such as human adenovirus Ad-36, Trypanosoma gondii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, influenza A virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The presence and persistence of bacterial DNA in AT has led to the concept of a tissue-specific microbiota. The unexpected coexistence of immune cells and pathogens within the specific AT environment is intriguing, and its impact on anti-infectious immune responses requires further evaluation. AT has been recently identified as a site of HIV persistence. In the context of HIV infection, AT is targeted by both the virus and the antiretroviral drugs. AT's intrinsic metabolic features, large overall mass, and wide distribution make it a major tissue reservoir, and one that may contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic HIV infections. Here, we review the immune, metabolic, viral, and pharmacological aspects that contribute to HIV persistence in AT. We also evaluate the respective impacts of both intrinsic and HIV-induced factors on AT's involvement as a viral reservoir. Lastly, we examine the potential consequences of HIV persistence on the metabolic and immune activities of AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bourgeois
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Barrail-Tran
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Lagathu
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Abderaouf Damouche
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, CEA, Université Paris Sud, INSERM U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- AP-HP, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Abstract
Obesity is characterized by increased adipose tissue mass and has been associated with a strong predisposition towards metabolic diseases and cancer. Thus, it constitutes a public health issue of major proportion. The expansion of adipose depots can be driven either by the increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) or by the formation of new adipocytes from precursor differentiation in the process of adipogenesis (hyperplasia). Notably, adipocyte expansion through adipogenesis can offset the negative metabolic effects of obesity, and the mechanisms and regulators of this adaptive process are now emerging. Over the past several years, we have learned a considerable amount about how adipocyte fate is determined and how adipogenesis is regulated by signalling and systemic factors. We have also gained appreciation that the adipogenic niche can influence tissue adipogenic capability. Approaches aimed at increasing adipogenesis over adipocyte hypertrophy can now be explored as a means to treat metabolic diseases.
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Role of Obesity, Mesenteric Adipose Tissue, and Adipokines in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120780. [PMID: 31779136 PMCID: PMC6995528 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of disorders which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Obesity is becoming increasingly more common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and plays a role in the development and course of the disease. This is especially true in the case of Crohn's disease. The recent results indicate a special role of visceral adipose tissue and particularly mesenteric adipose tissue, also known as "creeping fat", in pathomechanism, leading to intestinal inflammation. The involvement of altered adipocyte function and the deregulated production of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, has been suggested in pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity in IBD, the influence of a Western diet on the course of Crohn's disease and colitis in IBD patients and animal's models, and the potential role of adipokines in these disorders. Since altered body composition, decrease of skeletal muscle mass, and development of pathologically changed mesenteric white adipose tissue are well-known features of IBD and especially of Crohn's disease, we discuss the possible crosstalk between adipokines and myokines released from skeletal muscle during exercise with moderate or forced intensity. The emerging role of microbiota and the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory enzymes such as intestinal alkaline phosphatase is also discussed, in order to open new avenues for the therapy against intestinal perturbations associated with IBD.
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38
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Rahmani J, Kord-Varkaneh H, Hekmatdoost A, Thompson J, Clark C, Salehisahlabadi A, Day AS, Jacobson K. Body mass index and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies of over a million participants. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1312-1320. [PMID: 31190427 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is controversial. We performed a dose-response meta-analysis to investigate the association between BMI and risk of incident ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) using prospective cohort studies. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from inception to January 2019. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to estimate combined hazard ratios (HRs). Overall, 882 articles were screened, and 42 full-text articles were reviewed for inclusion using the study eligibility criteria. Five studies evaluated the association between BMI and IBD with 1 044 517 participants. Pooled results showed a significant association between participants affected by obesity and risk of CD (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.18-1.71, I2 : 0.00). There was a significant nonlinear association between BMI and risk of CD (P = .01, coeff = 0.5024). Pooled results did not show any significant association between being underweight and risk of UC (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.96-1.19, I2 : 0.00) or CD (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.93-1.31, I2 : 12.8). There was no difference in the risk for UC among participants affected by obesity compared with participants categorized as having normal BMI (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.80-1.14, I2 : 8.0). This systematic review and meta-analysis identified significant dose-response relationship between being affected by obesity, as a risk factor, and incidence of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cain Clark
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Ammar Salehisahlabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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39
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The Role of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Outcomes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060628. [PMID: 31234447 PMCID: PMC6627060 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though historically regarded as an inert energy store, adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ, which is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Accumulating evidence points to visceral adipose tissue and specifically to its mesenteric component, or “creeping fat” as impacting on the disease course through its immunomodulatory properties. On the one hand, mesenteric fat acts as a physical barrier to inflammation and is involved in controlling host immune response to translocation of gut bacteria. On the other hand, however, there exists a strong link between visceral fat and complicated course of the disease with unfavorable therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, “creeping fat” appears to play different roles in different IBD phenotypes, with the greatest pathogenetic contribution probably to an ileal form of Crohn’s disease. In this review, we summarize and discuss the existing literature on the subject and identify high-priority areas for future research. It may be that a better understanding of the role of mesenteric fat in IBD will determine new therapeutic targets and translate into improved clinical outcomes.
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40
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Igata M, Islam MA, Tada A, Takagi M, Kober AKMH, Albarracin L, Aso H, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Miyazawa K, Yoda K, He F, Takahashi H, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Transcriptome Modifications in Porcine Adipocytes via Toll-Like Receptors Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1180. [PMID: 31191544 PMCID: PMC6549529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the most important cell type in adipose tissue playing key roles in immunometabolism. We previously reported that nine members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family are expressed in an originally established porcine intramuscular pre-adipocyte (PPI) cell line. However, the ability of TLR ligands to modulate immunometabolic transcriptome modifications in porcine adipocytes has not been elucidated. Herein, we characterized the global transcriptome modifications in porcine intramuscular mature adipocytes (pMA), differentiated from PPI, following stimulation with Pam3csk4, Poly(I:C) or LPS which are ligands for TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4, respectively. Analysis of microarray data identified 530 (218 up, 312 down), 520 (245 up, 275 down), and 525 (239 up, 286 down) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pMA following the stimulation with Pam3csk4, Poly(I:C), and LPS, respectively. Gene ontology classification revealed that DEGs are involved in several biological processes including those belonging to immune response and lipid metabolism pathways. Functionally annotated genes were organized into two groups for downstream analysis: immune response related genes (cytokines, chemokines, complement factors, adhesion molecules, and signal transduction), and genes involved with metabolic and endocrine functions (hormones and receptors, growth factors, and lipid biosynthesis). Differential expression analysis revealed that EGR1, NOTCH1, NOS2, TNFAIP3, TRAF3IP1, INSR, CXCR4, PPARA, MAPK10, and C3 are the top 10 commonly altered genes of TLRs induced transcriptional modification of pMA. However, the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs identified EPOR, C3, STAR, CCL2, and SAA2 as the major hub genes, which were also exhibited higher centrality estimates in the Gene-Transcription factor interaction network. Our results provide new insights of transcriptome modifications associated with TLRs activation in porcine adipocytes and identified key regulatory genes that could be used as biomarkers for the evaluation of treatments having immunomodularoty and/or metabolic functional beneficial effects in porcine adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Igata
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Asuka Tada
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michihiro Takagi
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - A K M Humayun Kober
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittangong, Bangladesh
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Scientific Computing Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Faculty of Exact Science and Technology, National University of Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Cell Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyazawa
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazutoyo Yoda
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fang He
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Cabrejo R, Sawh-Martinez R, Steinbacher DM. Effect of Fat Grafting on Postoperative Edema After Orthognathic Surgery. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:698-702. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Farber SE, Minteer D, Gusenoff BR, Gusenoff JA. The Influence of Fat Grafting on Skin Quality in Cosmetic Foot Grafting: A Randomized, Cross-Over Clinical Trial. Aesthet Surg J 2019; 39:405-412. [PMID: 30007274 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjy168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedal fat grafting is a cosmetic procedure to treat the functional and aesthetic sequelae of pedal fat pad atrophy. Fat grafting has been found to mitigate these symptoms, but the exact mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVES The authors hypothesized that pedal fat grafting may improve skin quality, accounting for prolonged symptomatic improvement despite loss of grafted fat. METHODS Patients with pedal atrophy were enrolled in a randomized crossover clinical trial. Group 1 underwent fat grafting upon enrollment with 2-year follow-up. Group 2 was managed conservatively for 1 year then placed into the fat grafting group with 1-year follow-up. Patients underwent pedal ultrasounds to determine thicknesses of the fat pad and dermis, and photographs were taken to assess skin quality. RESULTS Three men and 20 women with an average age of 63 ± 6 years and an average BMI of 26.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. Twenty-six feet were injected in Group 1 and 17 were injected in Group 2. Group 1 dermal thickness increased at 6 months post-injection (P < 0.05). This increase persisted through 24 months. Group 2 dermal thickness decreased prior to injection (P < 0.05) but returned to baseline after injection and through 12-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Fat pad thickness returned to baseline by study completion in both groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pedal fat grafting yielded a significant, sustained increase in dermal thickness, though grafted fat was not retained. Fat grafting may improve skin quality, which could contribute to improved clinical outcomes despite loss of grafted fat. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Farber
- Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Danielle Minteer
- Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Beth R Gusenoff
- Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeffrey A Gusenoff
- Department of Plastic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Liu Y, Maekawa T, Yoshida K, Muratani M, Chatton B, Ishii S. The Transcription Factor ATF7 Controls Adipocyte Differentiation and Thermogenic Gene Programming. iScience 2019; 13:98-112. [PMID: 30826729 PMCID: PMC6402263 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes function as major players in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, and factors contributing to adipocyte differentiation and function are promising targets for combatting obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Activating transcription factor 7 (ATF7), a stress-responsive chromatin regulator, is involved in energy metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, we showed that ATF7 is required for adipocyte differentiation and interacts with histone dimethyltransferase G9a in adipocytes to repress the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, which in turn suppress adipogenesis. Ablation of ATF7 promotes beige fat biogenesis in inguinal white adipose tissue. ATF7 binds to transcriptional regulatory regions of the gene encoding uncoupling protein 1, silencing it by controlling histone H3K9 dimethylation. Our findings demonstrate that ATF7 is a multifunctional adipocyte protein involved in the epigenetic control of development and function in adipose tissues. ATF7 is required for adipocyte differentiation ATF7 represses the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in adipocytes Loss of ATF7 promotes the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue ATF7 associates with C/EBPβ and G9a to silence Ucp1 expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Toshio Maekawa
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshida
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Bruno Chatton
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, BP10413 Illkirch, France
| | - Shunsuke Ishii
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
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Ferguson BS, Nam H, Morrison RF. Dual-specificity phosphatases regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in adipocytes in response to inflammatory stress. Cell Signal 2019; 53:234-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhu J, Bing C, Wilding JPH. 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 attenuates IL-6 and IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophage conditioned medium-stimulated human white preadipocytes by modulating p44/42 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:9. [PMID: 30697360 PMCID: PMC6346557 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is characterized by macrophage infiltration and inflammatory responses-metaflammation in adipose tissue. IL-6 and IL-1β could mediate the inflammatory responses in macrophage stimulated-preadipocytes by modulating MAPK and NF-κB pathways. To test this hypothesis we used antibodies to block IL-6 and IL-1β action in macrophage conditioned medium (MacCM)-stimulated human white preadipocytes. Moreover, as interventions that prevent this could potentially be used to treat or prevent metabolic syndrome, and 1α,25(OH)2D3 has previously been reported to exert an anti-inflammatory action on macrophage-stimulated adipocytes, in this study we also investigated whether 1α,25(OH)2D3 could attenuate inflammatory responses in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes, and explored the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. METHODS Human white preadipocytes were cultured with 25% MacCM for 24 h to elicit inflammatory responses. This was confirmed by measuring the concentrations and mRNA levels of major pro-inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)] by ELISA and qPCR, respectively. IL-6 and IL-1β actions were blocked using IL-6 antibody (300 ng/ml) and IL-1β antibody (15 μg/ml), respectively. Potential anti-inflammatory effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 were investigated by pre-treatment and treatment of 1α,25(OH)2D3 (0.01 to 10 nM) for 48 h in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes. In parallel, western blotting was used to determine inflammatory signaling molecules including relA of the NF-κB pathway and p44/42 MAPK modified during these processes. RESULTS MacCM enhanced the secretion and gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and RANTES by increasing the phosphorylation levels of relA and p44/42 MAPK in preadipocytes, whereas blocking IL-6 and IL-1β action inhibited the inflammatory responses by decreasing p44/42 MAPK and relA phosphorylation, respectively. Furthermore, 10 nM of 1α,25(OH)2D3 generally inhibited the IL-6 and IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses, and reduced both p44/42 MAPK and relA phosphorylation in MacCM-stimulated preadipocytes. CONCLUSIONS 1α,25(OH)2D3 attenuates IL-6 and IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses, probably by inhibiting p44/42 MAPK and relA phosphorylation in MacCM-stimulated human white preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Bing
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
| | - John P. H. Wilding
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX UK
- Clinical Science Center, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL UK
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Abstract
Adipogenesis is a complex process whereby the multipotent adipose-derived stem cell is converted to a preadipocyte before terminal differentiation into the mature adipocyte. Preadipocytes are present throughout adult life, exhibit adipose fat depot specificity, and differentiate and proliferate from distinct progenitor cells. The mechanisms that promote preadipocyte commitment and maturation involve numerous protein factor regulators, epigenetic factors, and miRNAs. Detailed characterization of this process is currently an area of intense research and understanding the roles of preadipocytes in tissue plasticity may provide insight into novel approaches for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and treating a host of obesity-related conditions. In the current study, we analyzed the current literature and present a review of the characteristics of transitioning adipocytes and detail how local microenvironments influence their progression towards terminal differentiation and maturation. Specifically, we detail the characterization of preadipocyte via surface markers, examine the signaling cascades and regulation behind adipogenesis and cell maturation, and survey their role in tissue plasticity and health and disease.
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47
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Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Parini P, Giuliani C, Santoro A. Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:576-590. [PMID: 30046148 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1488] [Impact Index Per Article: 248.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and age-related diseases share some basic mechanistic pillars that largely converge on inflammation. During ageing, chronic, sterile, low-grade inflammation - called inflammaging - develops, which contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. From an evolutionary perspective, a variety of stimuli sustain inflammaging, including pathogens (non-self), endogenous cell debris and misplaced molecules (self) and nutrients and gut microbiota (quasi-self). A limited number of receptors, whose degeneracy allows them to recognize many signals and to activate the innate immune responses, sense these stimuli. In this situation, metaflammation (the metabolic inflammation accompanying metabolic diseases) is thought to be the form of chronic inflammation that is driven by nutrient excess or overnutrition; metaflammation is characterized by the same mechanisms underpinning inflammaging. The gut microbiota has a central role in both metaflammation and inflammaging owing to its ability to release inflammatory products, contribute to circadian rhythms and crosstalk with other organs and systems. We argue that chronic diseases are not only the result of ageing and inflammaging; these diseases also accelerate the ageing process and can be considered a manifestation of accelerated ageing. Finally, we propose the use of new biomarkers (DNA methylation, glycomics, metabolomics and lipidomics) that are capable of assessing biological versus chronological age in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Parini
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre 'L. Galvani' (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Zhang M, Sheng S, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Hatch GM, Chen L. MiR27a Promotes the Development of Macrophage-like Characteristics in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1599-1609. [PMID: 30263011 PMCID: PMC6158720 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recruitment and polarization of classically activated (M1) macrophages within adipose tissue contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity. Adipose tissue precursor cells exhibit the capacity to develop macrophage-like characteristics and adipocyte-derived miR27a is known to promote reprogramming of somatic cells. It was unknown whether exogenous addition of miR27a promote the development of macrophage-like characteristics of adipose precursor cells. We examined macrophage surface antigen, phagocytosis and migration ability in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes transfected with miR27a mimics. Transfection of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with miR27a mimics increased phagocytosis and migration and increased the number of cells expressing the macrophage makers F4/80 and MHC compared to controls. M2 and CD206 macrophage markers were unaltered. In addition, transfection of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with miR27a mimics reduced PPARγ expression, activated NF-κB and promoted secretion of the inflammatory cytokines MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-1β compared to controls. The level of anti-inflammatory factors Arg-1, IL-10, Ym1 and Fizz1 were unaltered. Secretion of miR27a was increased in conditioned medium prepared from palmitic acid-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to controls. Incubation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with this conditioned medium increased phagocytosis and migration compared to controls. Finally, conditioned medium prepared from differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes transfection with miR27a inhibitors reduced phagocytosis and migration in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes compared to controls. The data indicate that PPARγ agonists may reverse the activation of NF-κB pathway mediated by miR27a overexpression and reduce phagocytosis and migration of adipose precursor cells. In addition, miR27a may promote the development of macrophage-like characteristics in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shidong Sheng
- Department of Surgery, Hepatology Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130021,China
| | - Wenyou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhanqiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Center for Research and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, University of Manitoba, DREAM, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3P4
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,School of nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Kuri-Harcuch W, Velez-delValle C, Vazquez-Sandoval A, Hernández-Mosqueira C, Fernandez-Sanchez V. A cellular perspective of adipogenesis transcriptional regulation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1111-1129. [PMID: 30146705 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose cells store lipids in the cytoplasm and signal systemically through secretion of adipokines and other molecules that regulate body energy metabolism. Differentiation of fat cells and its regulation has been the focus of extensive research since the early 1970s. In this review, we had attempted to examine the research bearing on the control of adipose cell differentiation, some of it dating back to the early days when Howard Green and his group described the preadipocyte cell lines 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A during 1974-1975. We also concentrated our attention on research published during the last few years, emphasizing data described on transcription factors that regulate adipose differentiation, outside of those that were reported earlier as part of the canonical adipogenic transcriptional cascade, which has been the subject of ample reviews by several groups of researchers. We focused on the studies carried out with the two preadipocyte cell culture models, the 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A cells that have provided essential data on adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Kuri-Harcuch
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Velez-delValle
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Vazquez-Sandoval
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Hernández-Mosqueira
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Veronica Fernandez-Sanchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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50
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Source and amount of carbohydrate in the diet and inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 31:291-301. [PMID: 30033891 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
High carbohydrate intake and low-grade inflammation cooperate with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism to constitute an interactive continuum acting on the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age characterised by oligo-anovulatory infertility and cardiometabolic disorders. The role of insulin in PCOS is pivotal both in regulating the activity of ovarian and liver enzymes, respectively involved in androgen production and in triggering low-grade inflammation usually reported to be associated with an insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and cardiometabolic diseases. Although an acute hyperglycaemia induced by oral glucose loading may increase inflammation and oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species through different mechanisms, the postprandial glucose increment, commonly associated with the Western diet, represents the major contributor of chronic sustained hyperglycaemia and pro-inflammatory state. Together with hyperinsulinaemia, hyperandrogenism and low-grade inflammation, unhealthy diet should be viewed as a key component of the 'deadly quartet' of metabolic risk factors associated with PCOS pathophysiology. The identification of a tight diet-inflammation-health association makes the adoption of healthy nutritional approaches a primary preventive and therapeutic tool in women with PCOS, weakening insulin resistance and eventually promoting improvements of reproductive life and endocrine outcomes. The intriguing nutritional-endocrine connections operating in PCOS underline the role of expert nutritionists in the management of this syndrome. The aim of the present review is to provide an at-a-glance overview of the possible bi-directional mechanisms linking inflammation, androgen excess and carbohydrate intake in women with PCOS.
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