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Nie Y, Song C, Huang H, Mao S, Ding K, Tang H. Chromatin modifiers in human disease: from functional roles to regulatory mechanisms. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:12. [PMID: 38584203 PMCID: PMC10999406 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of transcriptional regulation has revealed the vital role of chromatin modifiers in human diseases from the beginning of functional exploration to the process of participating in many types of disease regulatory mechanisms. Chromatin modifiers are a class of enzymes that can catalyze the chemical conversion of pyrimidine residues or amino acid residues, including histone modifiers, DNA methyltransferases, and chromatin remodeling complexes. Chromatin modifiers assist in the formation of transcriptional regulatory circuits between transcription factors, enhancers, and promoters by regulating chromatin accessibility and the ability of transcription factors to acquire DNA. This is achieved by recruiting associated proteins and RNA polymerases. They modify the physical contact between cis-regulatory factor elements, transcription factors, and chromatin DNA to influence transcriptional regulatory processes. Then, abnormal chromatin perturbations can impair the homeostasis of organs, tissues, and cells, leading to diseases. The review offers a comprehensive elucidation on the function and regulatory mechanism of chromatin modifiers, thereby highlighting their indispensability in the development of diseases. Furthermore, this underscores the potential of chromatin modifiers as biomarkers, which may enable early disease diagnosis. With the aid of this paper, a deeper understanding of the role of chromatin modifiers in the pathogenesis of diseases can be gained, which could help in devising effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Nie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chao Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shuqing Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Kai Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi-omics and Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Myocardial Injury in Hunan Province, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Wu KJ, Chen Q, Leung CH, Sun N, Gao F, Chen Z. Recent discoveries of the role of histone modifications and related inhibitors in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103878. [PMID: 38211819 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a common response of the heart to various pathological stimuli. In recent years, various histone modifications, including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination, have been identified to have crucial roles in regulating chromatin remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy. Novel drugs targeting these epigenetic changes have emerged as potential treatments for pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the roles of histone modifications in regulating the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and discuss potential therapeutic targets that could be utilized for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jia Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214082, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214082, PR China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau; Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau; MoE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau.
| | - Ning Sun
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214082, PR China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xin-Quan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China.
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Das SS, Kar A, Rajkumar S, Lee SHT, Alvarez M, Pietiläinen KH, Pajukanta P. Cross-Tissue Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Discovers Tissue-Resident Adipocytes Involved in Propanoate Metabolism in the Human Heart. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1788-1804. [PMID: 37409528 PMCID: PMC10538422 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytes are crucial regulators of cardiovascular health. However, not much is known about gene expression profiles of adipocytes residing in nonfat cardiovascular tissues, their genetic regulation, and contribution to coronary artery disease. Here, we investigated whether and how the gene expression profiles of adipocytes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue differ from adipocytes residing in the heart. METHODS We used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data sets of subcutaneous adipose tissue and heart and performed in-depth analysis of tissue-resident adipocytes and their cell-cell interactions. RESULTS We first discovered tissue-specific features of tissue-resident adipocytes, identified functional pathways involved in their tissue specificity, and found genes with cell type-specific expression enrichment in tissue-resident adipocytes. By following up these results, we discovered the propanoate metabolism pathway as a novel distinct characteristic of the heart-resident adipocytes and found a significant enrichment of coronary artery disease genome-wide association study risk variants among the right atrium-specific adipocyte marker genes. Our cell-cell communication analysis identified 22 specific heart adipocyte-associated ligand-receptor pairs and signaling pathways, including THBS (thrombospondin) and EPHA (ephrin type-A), further supporting the distinct tissue-resident role of heart adipocytes. Our results also suggest chamber-level coordination of heart adipocyte expression profiles as we observed a consistently larger number of adipocyte-associated ligand-receptor interactions and functional pathways in the atriums than ventricles. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we introduce a new function and genetic link to coronary artery disease for the previously unexplored heart-resident adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Subhra Das
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Asha Kar
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sandhya Rajkumar
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Seung Hyuk T. Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HealthyWeightHub, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
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Ajay A, Rasoul D, Abdullah A, Lee Wei En B, Mashida K, Al-Munaer M, Ajay H, Duvva D, Mathew J, Adenaya A, Lip GYH, Sankaranarayanan R. Augmentation of natriuretic peptide (NP) receptor A and B (NPR-A and NPR-B) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling as a therapeutic strategy in heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:1157-1170. [PMID: 38032188 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2290064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure is a complex, debilitating condition and despite advances in treatment, it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the need for alternative treatment strategies is essential. In this review, we explore the therapeutic strategies of augmenting natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR-A and NPR-B) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in heart failure. AREAS COVERED We aim to provide an overview of the evidence of preclinical and clinical studies on novel heart failure treatment strategies. Papers collected in this review have been filtered and screened following PubMed searches. This includes epigenetics, modulating enzyme activity in natriuretic peptide (NP) synthesis, gene therapy, modulation of downstream signaling by augmenting soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, nitrates, c-GMP-dependent protein kinase, synthetic and designer NP and RNA therapy. EXPERT OPINION The novel treatment strategies mentioned above have shown great potential, however, large randomized controlled trials are still lacking. The biggest challenge is translating the results seen in preclinical trials into clinical trials. We recommend a multi-disciplinary team approach with cardiologists, geneticist, pharmacologists, bioengineers, researchers, regulators, and patients to improve heart failure outcomes. Future management can involve telemedicine, remote monitoring, and artificial intelligence to optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ajay
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Debar Rasoul
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alend Abdullah
- General Medicine, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust Dudley, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Lee Wei En
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Knievel Mashida
- Cedar House, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hanan Ajay
- General Medicine, Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust, Southport, United Kingdom
| | - Dileep Duvva
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Mathew
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adeoye Adenaya
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Cedar House, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv Sankaranarayanan
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Cedar House, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Sawalha K, Norgard N, López-Candales A. Epigenetic Regulation and its Effects on Aging and Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e39395. [PMID: 37362531 PMCID: PMC10286850 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), specifically coronary atherosclerosis, is regulated by an interplay between genetic and lifestyle factors. Most recently, a factor getting much attention is the role epigenetics play in atherosclerosis; particularly the development of coronary artery disease. Furthermore, it is important to understand the intricate interaction between the environment and each individual genetic material and how this interaction affects gene expression and consequently influences the development of atherosclerosis. Our main goal is to discuss epigenetic regulations; particularly, the factors contributing to coronary atherosclerosis and their role in aging and longevity. We reviewed the current literature and provided a simplified yet structured and reasonable appraisal of this topic. This role has also been recently linked to longevity and aging. Epigenetic regulations (modifications) whether through histone modifications or DNA or RNA methylation have been shown to be regulated by environmental factors such as social stress, smoking, chemical contaminants, and diet. These sensitive interactions are further aggravated by racial health disparities that ultimately impact cardiovascular disease outcomes through epigenetic interactions. Certainly, limiting our exposure to such causative events at younger ages seems our "golden opportunity" to tackle the incidence of coronary atherosclerosis and probably the answer to longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sawalha
- Cardiometabolic Diseases, Truman Medical Centers - University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
| | - Nicholas Norgard
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Truman Medical Centers - University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, USA
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Go S, Masuda H, Tsuru M, Inden M, Hozumi I, Kurita H. Exposure to a low concentration of methylmercury in neural differentiation downregulates NR4A1 expression with altered epigenetic modifications and inhibits neuronal spike activity in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2023; 374:68-76. [PMID: 36565944 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known developmental neurotoxin. Our previous research showed that the inhibition of neurite extension by exposure to a low level of MeHg (1 nM) was attributed to the decrease of acetylation of histone H3 and the increase of DNA methylation. However, the target molecules responsible for the neurological dysfunctions caused by MeHg exposure have not been identified. This study focused on a nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1), which is reported to be related to synaptic plasticity and neurite extension. LUHMES cells, which are derived from human fetal brain, were treated with 0.1 and 1 nM MeHg beginning at two days of differentiation and continued for 6 consecutive days. The present study showed that exposure to a 1 nM MeHg during neural differentiation inhibited neuronal spike activity and neurite extension. Furthermore, MeHg exposure increased DNA methylation, and altered histone modifications for transcriptional repression in the NR4A1 promoter region to decrease the levels of NR4A1 expression. In addition, MeHg exposure inhibited the mobilization of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and CREB binding protein (CBP) in the NR4A1 promoter region. These results suggest that MeHg inhibits the recruitment of the CREB-CBP complex to the NR4A1 promoter region and impairs neuronal functions associated with NR4A1 repression via a decrease in acetylation of histone H3 lysine 14 levels. Conclusively, this study demonstrated that MeHg exposure during neuronal differentiation could induce neurological dysfunctions even at a low concentration in vitro. These dysfunctions could be associated with the transcriptional repression of NR4A1 by the dissociation of CREB and CBP from the NR4A1 promoter region due to the alterations of epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuna Go
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Haruka Masuda
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tsuru
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Isao Hozumi
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Hisaka Kurita
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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Diabetes and Its Cardiovascular Complications: Potential Role of the Acetyltransferase p300. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030431. [PMID: 36766773 PMCID: PMC9914144 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been shown to accelerate vascular senescence, which is associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, both implicated in the development of endothelial dysfunction. This condition represents the initial alteration linking diabetes to related cardiovascular (CV) complications. Recently, it has been hypothesised that the acetyltransferase, p300, may contribute to establishing an early vascular senescent phenotype, playing a relevant role in diabetes-associated inflammation and oxidative stress, which drive endothelial dysfunction. Specifically, p300 can modulate vascular inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors acetylation. Indeed, it regulates the inflammatory pathway by interacting with nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 subunit (NF-κB p65) or by inducing its acetylation, suggesting a crucial role of p300 as a bridge between NF-κB p65 and the transcriptional machinery. Additionally, p300-mediated epigenetic modifications could be upstream of the activation of inflammatory cytokines, and they may induce oxidative stress by affecting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Because several in vitro and in vivo studies shed light on the potential use of acetyltransferase inhibitors, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the role of p300 in diabetic vascular dysfunction could help in finding new strategies for the clinical management of CV diseases related to diabetes.
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Ni J, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu Z, Nie T, Li L, Su J, Zhu Y, Ma C, Huang Y, Mao J, Gao X, Fan G. Rg3 regulates myocardial pyruvate metabolism via P300-mediated dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1073. [PMID: 36572672 PMCID: PMC9792576 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The failing heart is characterized by an increase in glucose uptake and glycolytic rates that is not accompanied by a concomitant increase in glucose oxidation. Lower coupling of glucose oxidation to glycolysis possibly owes to unchanged or reduced pyruvate oxidation in mitochondria. Therefore, increasing pyruvate oxidation may lead to new therapies for heart disease. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) is a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). DLD mutations or defects are closely associated with metabolic diseases. However, few studies explore the effects of DLD mutants or acylation status on PDH activity and pyruvate metabolism. P300 is protein 2-hydroxyisobutyryltransferases in cells, and P300-dependent lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation of glycolytic enzymes affects glucose metabolism. However, there are no relevant reports on the effect of 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation on the energy metabolism of heart failure, and it is worth further in-depth study. In this study, we showed that 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is an essential protein translational modification (PTM) that regulates the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc). In a mouse model of transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy, the 2-hydroxyisobutylation of DLD was significantly increased, related to the decrease in PDH activity. In addition, our data provide clear evidence that DLD is a direct substrate of P300. As one of the main active ingredients of ginseng, ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) can reduce the 2-hydroxyisobutylation levels of DLD and restore the PDH activity by inhibiting the acyltransferase activity of P300, thereby producing beneficial effects whenever the heart is injured. Therefore, this study suggests a novel strategy for reversing myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Ni
- grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Nie
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Su
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Gannan Medical University, 341000 Ganzhou, China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.412635.70000 0004 1799 2712Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300381 Tianjin, China ,grid.410648.f0000 0001 1816 6218Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, China
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Gut-Heart Axis: Their Role in the Pathology of Heart Failure. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111805. [PMID: 36579524 PMCID: PMC9695649 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome with global clinical and socioeconomic burden worldwide owing to its poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence has implicated the possible contribution of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), on the pathology of a variety of diseases. The changes of SCFA concentration were reported to be observed in various cardiovascular diseases including HF in experimental animals and humans. HF causes hypoperfusion and/or congestion in the gut, which may lead to lowered production of SCFAs, possibly through the pathological changes of the gut microenvironment including microbiota composition. Recent studies suggest that SCFAs may play a significant role in the pathology of HF, possibly through an agonistic effect on G-protein-coupled receptors, histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibition, restoration of mitochondrial function, amelioration of cardiac inflammatory response, its utilization as an energy source, and remote effect attributable to a protective effect on the other organs. Collectively, in the pathology of HF, SCFAs might play a significant role as a key mediator in the gut-heart axis. However, these possible mechanisms have not been entirely clarified and need further investigation.
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10
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Han Y, Nie J, Wang DW, Ni L. Mechanism of histone deacetylases in cardiac hypertrophy and its therapeutic inhibitors. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:931475. [PMID: 35958418 PMCID: PMC9360326 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.931475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a key process in cardiac remodeling development, leading to ventricle enlargement and heart failure. Recently, studies show the complicated relation between cardiac hypertrophy and epigenetic modification. Post-translational modification of histone is an essential part of epigenetic modification, which is relevant to multiple cardiac diseases, especially in cardiac hypertrophy. There is a group of enzymes related in the balance of histone acetylation/deacetylation, which is defined as histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). In this review, we introduce an important enzyme family HDAC, a key regulator in histone deacetylation. In cardiac hypertrophy HDAC I downregulates the anti-hypertrophy gene expression, including Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) and inositol-5 phosphatase f (Inpp5f), and promote the development of cardiac hypertrophy. On the contrary, HDAC II binds to myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), inhibit the assemble ability to HAT and protect against cardiac hypertrophy. Under adverse stimuli such as pressure overload and calcineurin stimulation, the HDAC II transfer to cytoplasm, and MEF2 can bind to nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) or GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), mediating inappropriate gene expression. HDAC III, also known as SIRTs, can interact not only to transcription factors, but also exist interaction mechanisms to other HDACs, such as HDAC IIa. We also present the latest progress of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), as a potential treatment target in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Nie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Dao Wen Wang,
| | - Li Ni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- Li Ni,
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11
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Sharma R, Sharma S, Thakur A, Singh A, Singh J, Nepali K, Liou JP. The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiovascular, and Imprinting Disorders. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1977-2011. [PMID: 35176978 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220217103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mutations like aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, or RNA silencing are found in a number of human diseases. This review article discusses the epigenetic mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disorders, auto-immune disorder, and genomic imprinting disorders. In addition, emerging epigenetic therapeutic strategies for the treatment of such disorders are presented. Medicinal chemistry campaigns highlighting the efforts of the chemists invested towards the rational design of small molecule inhibitors have also been included. Pleasingly, several classes of epigenetic inhibitors, DNMT, HDAC, BET, HAT, and HMT inhibitors along with RNA based therapies have exhibited the potential to emerge as therapeutics in the longer run. It is quite hopeful that epigenetic modulator-based therapies will advance to clinical stage investigations by leaps and bounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jagjeet Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Pharmacy, Rayat-Bahara Group of Institutes, Hoshiarpur, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes as an Experimental Model to Study Epigenetic Modifiers of Electrophysiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020200. [PMID: 35053315 PMCID: PMC8774228 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic landscape and the responses to pharmacological epigenetic regulators in each human are unique. Classes of epigenetic writers and erasers, such as histone acetyltransferases, HATs, and histone deacetylases, HDACs, control DNA acetylation/deacetylation and chromatin accessibility, thus exerting transcriptional control in a tissue- and person-specific manner. Rapid development of novel pharmacological agents in clinical testing—HDAC inhibitors (HDACi)—targets these master regulators as common means of therapeutic intervention in cancer and immune diseases. The action of these epigenetic modulators is much less explored for cardiac tissue, yet all new drugs need to be tested for cardiotoxicity. To advance our understanding of chromatin regulation in the heart, and specifically how modulation of DNA acetylation state may affect functional electrophysiological responses, human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) technology can be leveraged as a scalable, high-throughput platform with ability to provide patient-specific insights. This review covers relevant background on the known roles of HATs and HDACs in the heart, the current state of HDACi development, applications, and any adverse cardiac events; it also summarizes relevant differential gene expression data for the adult human heart vs. hiPSC-CMs along with initial transcriptional and functional results from using this new experimental platform to yield insights on epigenetic control of the heart. We focus on the multitude of methodologies and workflows needed to quantify responses to HDACis in hiPSC-CMs. This overview can help highlight the power and the limitations of hiPSC-CMs as a scalable experimental model in capturing epigenetic responses relevant to the human heart.
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13
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Gidlöf O. Toward a New Paradigm for Targeted Natriuretic Peptide Enhancement in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:650124. [PMID: 34721050 PMCID: PMC8548580 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.650124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The natriuretic peptide system (NPS) plays a fundamental role in maintaining cardiorenal homeostasis, and its potent filling pressure-regulated diuretic and vasodilatory effects constitute a beneficial compensatory mechanism in heart failure (HF). Leveraging the NPS for therapeutic benefit in HF has been the subject of intense investigation during the last three decades and has ultimately reached widespread clinical use in the form of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNi). NPS enhancement via ARNi confers beneficial effects on mortality and hospitalization in HF, but inhibition of neprilysin leads to the accumulation of a number of other vasoactive peptides in the circulation, often resulting in hypotension and raising potential concerns over long-term adverse effects. Moreover, ARNi is less effective in the large group of HF patients with preserved ejection fraction. Alternative approaches for therapeutic augmentation of the NPS with increased specificity and efficacy are therefore warranted, and are now becoming feasible particularly with recent development of RNA therapeutics. In this review, the current state-of-the-art in terms of experimental and clinical strategies for NPS augmentation and their implementation will be reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Gidlöf
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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14
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Curcumin, an Inhibitor of p300-HAT Activity, Suppresses the Development of Hypertension-Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophy with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Dahl Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082608. [PMID: 34444769 PMCID: PMC8397934 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that curcumin, a p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor, prevents cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction at the stage of chronic heart failure in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS). It is unclear whether curcumin suppresses the development of hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with a preserved ejection fraction. Therefore, in this study, we randomized DS (n = 16) and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats (n = 10) at 6 weeks of age to either curcumin or vehicle groups. These rats were fed a high-salt diet and orally administrated with 50 mg/kg/d curcumin or its vehicle for 6 weeks. Both curcumin and vehicle treatment groups exhibited similar degrees of high-salt diet-induced hypertension in DS rats. Curcumin significantly decreased hypertension-induced increase in posterior wall thickness and LV mass index, without affecting the systolic function. It also significantly reduced hypertension-induced increases in myocardial cell diameter, perivascular fibrosis and transcriptions of the hypertrophy-response gene. Moreover, it significantly attenuated the acetylation levels of GATA4 in the hearts of DS rats. A p300 HAT inhibitor, curcumin, suppresses the development of hypertension-induced LVH, without affecting blood pressure and systolic function. Therefore, curcumin may be used for the prevention of development of LVH in patients with hypertension.
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15
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Hamdani N, Costantino S, Mügge A, Lebeche D, Tschöpe C, Thum T, Paneni F. Leveraging clinical epigenetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a call for individualized therapies. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:1940-1958. [PMID: 36282124 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Described as the 'single largest unmet need in cardiovascular medicine', heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains an untreatable disease currently representing 65% of new heart failure diagnoses. HFpEF is more frequent among women and associates with a poor prognosis and unsustainable healthcare costs. Moreover, the variability in HFpEF phenotypes amplifies complexity and difficulties in the approach. In this perspective, unveiling novel molecular targets is imperative. Epigenetic modifications-defined as changes of DNA, histones, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)-represent a molecular framework through which the environment modulates gene expression. Epigenetic signals acquired over the lifetime lead to chromatin remodelling and affect transcriptional programmes underlying oxidative stress, inflammation, dysmetabolism, and maladaptive left ventricular remodelling, all conditions predisposing to HFpEF. The strong involvement of epigenetic signalling in this setting makes the epigenetic information relevant for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with HFpEF. The recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, computational epigenetics, and machine learning have enabled the identification of reliable epigenetic biomarkers in cardiovascular patients. Contrary to genetic tools, epigenetic biomarkers mirror the contribution of environmental cues and lifestyle changes and their reversible nature offers a promising opportunity to monitor disease states. The growing understanding of chromatin and ncRNAs biology has led to the development of several Food and Drug Administration approved 'epidrugs' (chromatin modifiers, mimics, anti-miRs) able to prevent transcriptional alterations underpinning left ventricular remodelling and HFpEF. In the present review, we discuss the importance of clinical epigenetics as a new tool to be employed for a personalized management of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazha Hamdani
- Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Clinical Pharmacology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St-Josef Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Medicine, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren CH-8952, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Zúñiga-Muñoz A, García-Niño WR, Carbó R, Navarrete-López LÁ, Buelna-Chontal M. The regulation of protein acetylation influences the redox homeostasis to protect the heart. Life Sci 2021; 277:119599. [PMID: 33989666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cellular damage caused by redox imbalance is involved in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. Besides, redox imbalance is related to the alteration of protein acetylation processes, causing not only chromatin remodeling but also disturbances in so many processes where protein acetylation is involved, such as metabolism and signal transduction. The modulation of acetylases and deacetylases enzymes aids in maintaining the redox homeostasis, avoiding the deleterious cellular effects associated with the dysregulation of protein acetylation. Of note, regulation of protein acetylation has shown protective effects to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases. For instance, HDAC inhibition has been related to inducing cardiac protective effects and it is an interesting approach to the management of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, the upregulation of SIRT protein activity has also been implicated in the relief of cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the major protein acetylation modulators described, involving pharmacological and bioactive compounds targeting deacetylase and acetylase enzymes contributing to heart protection through redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Zúñiga-Muñoz
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Wylly-Ramsés García-Niño
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis-Ángel Navarrete-López
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, National Institute of Cardiology, Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
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17
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The Distinct Function and Localization of METTL3/METTL14 and METTL16 Enzymes in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218139. [PMID: 33143367 PMCID: PMC7663386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become evident that epitranscriptome events, mediated by specific enzymes, regulate gene expression and, subsequently, cell differentiation processes. We show that methyltransferase-like proteins METTL3/METTL14 and N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) in RNAs are homogeneously distributed in embryonic hearts, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors valproic acid and Trichostatin A (TSA) up-regulate METTL3/METTL14 proteins. The levels of METTL3 in mouse adult hearts, isolated from male and female animals, were lower in the aorta and pulmonary trunks when compared with atria, but METT14 was up-regulated in the aorta and pulmonary trunk, in comparison with ventriculi. Aging caused METTL3 down-regulation in aorta and atria in male animals. Western blot analysis in differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), containing 10-30 percent of cardiomyocytes, showed METTL3/METTL14 down-regulation, while the differentiation-induced increased level of METTL16 was observed in both wild type (wt) and HDAC1 depleted (dn) cells. In parallel, experimental differentiation in especially HDAC1 wild type cells was accompanied by depletion of m6A in RNA. Immunofluorescence analysis of individual cells revealed the highest density of METTL3/METTL14 in α-actinin positive cardiomyocytes when compared with the other cells in the culture undergoing differentiation. In both wt and HDAC1 dn cells, the amount of METTL16 was also up-regulated in cardiomyocytes when compared to co-cultivated cells. Together, we showed that distinct anatomical regions of the mouse adult hearts are characterized by different levels of METTL3 and METTL14 proteins, which are changed during aging. Experimental cell differentiation was also accompanied by changes in METTL-like proteins and m6A in RNA; in particular, levels and distribution patterns of METTL3/METTL14 proteins were different from the same parameters studied in the case of the METTL16 protein.
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18
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Abstract
Gene expression is needed for the maintenance of heart function under normal conditions and in response to stress. Each cell type of the heart has a specific program controlling transcription. Different types of stress induce modifications of these programs and, if prolonged, can lead to altered cardiac phenotype and, eventually, to heart failure. The transcriptional status of a gene is regulated by the epigenome, a complex network of DNA and histone modifications. Until a few years ago, our understanding of the role of the epigenome in heart disease was limited to that played by histone deacetylation. But over the last decade, the consequences for the maintenance of homeostasis in the heart and for the development of cardiac hypertrophy of a number of other modifications, including DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone methylation and acetylation, and changes in chromatin architecture, have become better understood. Indeed, it is now clear that many levels of regulation contribute to defining the epigenetic landscape required for correct cardiomyocyte function, and that their perturbation is responsible for cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Here, we review these aspects and draw a picture of what epigenetic modification may imply at the therapeutic level for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Papait
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Humanitas Clinical Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Italy; and National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Simone Serio
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Humanitas Clinical Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Italy; and National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy; Humanitas Clinical Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Italy; and National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, Rozzano, Italy
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19
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IRF1-mediated downregulation of PGC1α contributes to cardiorenal syndrome type 4. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4664. [PMID: 32938919 PMCID: PMC7494935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS4) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. Here we report that morphological and functional changes in myocardial mitochondria are observed in CKD mice, especially decreases in oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism. High phosphate (HP), a hallmark of CKD, contributes to myocardial energy metabolism dysfunction by downregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α). Furthermore, the transcriptional factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) is revealed as the key molecule upregulated by HP through histone H3K9 acetylation, and responsible for the HP-mediated transcriptional inhibition of PGC1α by directly binding to its promoter region. Conversely, restoration of PGC1α expression or genetic knockdown of IRF1 significantly attenuates HP-induced alterations in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that IRF1-PGC1α axis-mediated myocardial energy metabolism remodeling plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CRS4. The pathogenic mechanisms of cardiorenal syndrome type 4 (CRS4) remain unclear. Here, the authors identify IRF1-PGC1α axis-mediated myocardial energy metabolism remodeling as a contributor to CRS4 pathogenesis, thus providing potential new targets for reducing cardiovascular events in CKD patients.
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20
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Ghosh AK. p300 in Cardiac Development and Accelerated Cardiac Aging. Aging Dis 2020; 11:916-926. [PMID: 32765954 PMCID: PMC7390535 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first functional organ that develops during embryonic development. While a heartbeat indicates life, cessation of a heartbeat signals the end of life. Heart disease, due either to congenital defects or to acquired dysfunctions in adulthood, remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Epigenetics plays a key role in both embryonic heart development and heart disease in adults. Stress-induced vascular injury activates pathways involved in pathogenesis of accelerated cardiac aging that includes cellular dysfunction, pathological cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac matrix remodeling, cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Acetyltransferase p300 (p300), a major epigenetic regulator, plays a pivotal role in heart development during embryogenesis, as deficiency or abnormal expression of p300 leads to embryonic death at early gestation periods due to deformation of the heart and neural tube. Acetyltransferase p300 controls heart development through histone acetylation-mediated chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation of genes required for cardiac development. In adult hearts, p300 is differentially expressed in different chambers and epigenetically controls cardiac gene expression. Deregulation of p300, in response to prohypertrophic and profibrogenic stress signals, is associated with increased recruitment of p300 to several genes including transcription factors, increased acetylation of specific lysines in histones and transcription factors, altered chromatin organization, and increased hypertrophic and fibrogenic gene expression. Cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrogenesis are common pathological manifestations of several stress-induced accelerated cardiac aging-related pathologies, including high blood pressure-induced or environmentally induced cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Numerous studies using cellular and animal models clearly indicate that pharmacologic or genetic normalization of p300 activity has the potential to prevent or halt the progression of cardiac aging pathologies. Based on these preclinical studies, development of safe, non-toxic, small molecule inhibitors/epidrugs targeting p300 is an ideal approach to control accelerated cardiac aging-related deaths worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish K Ghosh
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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21
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Evans LW, Stratton MS, Ferguson BS. Dietary natural products as epigenetic modifiers in aging-associated inflammation and disease. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:653-676. [PMID: 31993614 PMCID: PMC7577396 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Chronic, low-grade inflammation is linked to aging and has been termed "inflammaging". Inflammaging is considered a key contributor to the development of metabolic dysfunction and a broad spectrum of diseases or disorders including declines in brain and heart function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) coupled with epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have shown the importance of diet in the development of chronic and age-related diseases. Moreover, dietary interventions e.g. caloric restriction can attenuate inflammation to delay and/or prevent these diseases. Common themes in these studies entail the use of phytochemicals (plant-derived compounds) or the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as epigenetic modifiers of DNA and histone proteins. Epigenetic modifications are dynamically regulated and as such, serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of age-related disease. In this review, we will focus on the role for natural products that include phytochemicals and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as regulators of these epigenetic adaptations. Specifically, we discuss regulators of methylation, acetylation and acylation, in the protection from chronic inflammation driven metabolic dysfunction and deterioration of neurocognitive and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi W Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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22
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Li H, Sureda A, Devkota HP, Pittalà V, Barreca D, Silva AS, Tewari D, Xu S, Nabavi SM. Curcumin, the golden spice in treating cardiovascular diseases. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 38:107343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Cresci S, Pereira NL, Ahmad F, Byku M, de las Fuentes L, Lanfear DE, Reilly CM, Owens AT, Wolf MJ. Heart Failure in the Era of Precision Medicine: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 12:458-485. [DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One of 5 people will develop heart failure over his or her lifetime. Early diagnosis and better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease are critical to optimal treatment. The “omics”—genomics, pharmacogenomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics— of heart failure represent rapidly expanding fields of science that have, to date, not been integrated into a single body of work. The goals of this statement are to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of these omics as they relate to the development and progression of heart failure and to consider the current and potential future applications of these data for precision medicine with respect to prevention, diagnosis, and therapy.
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24
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. If unifying principles could be revealed for how the same genome encodes different eukaryotic cells and for how genetic variability and environmental input are integrated to impact cardiovascular health, grand challenges in basic cell biology and translational medicine may succumb to experimental dissection. A rich body of work in model systems has implicated chromatin-modifying enzymes, DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and other transcriptome-shaping factors in adult health and in the development, progression, and mitigation of cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, deployment of epigenomic tools, powered by next-generation sequencing technologies in cardiovascular models and human populations, has enabled description of epigenomic landscapes underpinning cellular function in the cardiovascular system. This essay aims to unpack the conceptual framework in which epigenomes are studied and to stimulate discussion on how principles of chromatin function may inform investigations of cardiovascular disease and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Douglas J Chapski
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine, and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.
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25
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Li C, Sun XN, Chen BY, Zeng MR, Du LJ, Liu T, Gu HH, Liu Y, Li YL, Zhou LJ, Zheng XJ, Zhang YY, Zhang WC, Liu Y, Shi C, Shao S, Shi XR, Yi Y, Liu X, Wang J, Auwerx J, Wang ZV, Jia F, Li RG, Duan SZ. Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 represses cardiac hypertrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e9127. [PMID: 31532577 PMCID: PMC6835202 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) in cardiomyocytes is unclear, and its physiological and pathological implications are unknown. Here, we found that cardiomyocyte‐specific NCoR1 knockout (CMNKO) mice manifested cardiac hypertrophy at baseline and had more severe cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction after pressure overload. Knockdown of NCoR1 exacerbated whereas overexpression mitigated phenylephrine‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mechanistic studies revealed that myocyte enhancer factor 2a (MEF2a) and MEF2d mediated the effects of NCoR1 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The receptor interaction domains (RIDs) of NCoR1 interacted with MEF2a to repress its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, NCoR1 formed a complex with MEF2a and class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) to suppress hypertrophy‐related genes. Finally, overexpression of RIDs of NCoR1 in the heart attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction induced by pressure overload. In conclusion, NCoR1 cooperates with MEF2 and HDACs to repress cardiac hypertrophy. Targeting NCoR1 and the MEF2/HDACs complex may be an attractive therapeutic strategy to tackle pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Ru Zeng
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Hui Gu
- Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Jun Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zheng
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yao Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoji Shi
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Rui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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26
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Li C, Miao X, Li F, Adhikari BK, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang R, Cai L, Liu Q, Wang Y. Curcuminoids: Implication for inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1302-1317. [PMID: 30834628 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been extensively verified that inflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Curcuminoids, from the plant Curcuma longa, have three major active ingredients, which include curcumin (curcumin I), demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcuminoids have been used in traditional medicine for CVDs' management and other comorbidities for centuries. Numerous studies had delineated their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and other medicinally relevant properties. Animal experiments and clinical trials have also demonstrated that turmeric and curcuminoids can effectively reduce atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and diabetic cardiovascular complications. In this review, we introduce and summarize curcuminoids' molecular and biological significance, while focusing on their mechanistic anti-inflammatory/antioxidative involvements in CVDs and preventive effects against CVDs, and, finally, discuss relevant clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- Department of ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Binay Kumar Adhikari
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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27
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Li S, Peng B, Luo X, Sun H, Peng C. Anacardic acid attenuates pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy through inhibiting histone acetylases. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2744-2752. [PMID: 30712293 PMCID: PMC6433722 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy has become a major cardiovascular problem wordwide and is considered the early stage of heart failure. Treatment and prevention strategies are needed due to the suboptimal efficacy of current treatment methods. Recently, many studies have demonstrated the important role of histone acetylation in myocardium remodelling along with cardiac hypertrophy. A Chinese herbal extract containing anacardic acid (AA) is known to possess strong histone acetylation inhibitory effects. In previous studies, we demonstrated that AA could reverse alcohol‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in an animal model at the foetal stage. Here, we investigated whether AA could attenuate cardiac hypertrophy through the modulation of histone acetylation and explored its potential mechanisms in the hearts of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mice. This study showed that AA attenuated hyperacetylation of acetylated lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9ac) by inhibiting the expression of p300 and p300/CBP‐associated factor (PCAF) in TAC mice. Moreover, AA normalized the transcriptional activity of the heart nuclear transcription factor MEF2A. The high expression of cardiac hypertrophy‐linked genes (ANP, β‐MHC) was reversed through AA treatment in the hearts of TAC mice. Additionally, we found that AA improved cardiac function and survival rate in TAC mice. The current results further highlight the mechanism by which histone acetylation is controlled by AA treatment, which may help prevent and treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou, China
| | - Bohui Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Huichao Sun
- Heart Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou, China
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28
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Forini F, Nicolini G, Pitto L, Iervasi G. Novel Insight Into the Epigenetic and Post-transcriptional Control of Cardiac Gene Expression by Thyroid Hormone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:601. [PMID: 31555215 PMCID: PMC6727178 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is critically involved in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology. Even mild reductions of myocardial TH levels, as occur in hypothyroidism or low T3 state conditions, are thought to play a role in the progression of cardiac disorders. Due to recent advances in molecular mechanisms underlying TH action, it is now accepted that TH-dependent modulation of gene expression is achieved at multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and involves the cooperation of many processes. Among them, the epigenetic remodeling of chromatin structure and the interplay with non-coding RNA have emerged as novel TH-dependent pathways that add further degrees of complexity and broaden the network of genes controlled by TH signaling. Increasing experimental and clinical findings indicate that aberrant function of these regulatory mechanisms promotes the evolution of cardiac disorders such as post-ischemic injury, pathological hypertrophy, and heart failure, which may be reversed by the correction of the underlying TH dyshomeostasis. To encourage the clinical implementation of a TH replacement strategy in cardiac disease, here we discuss the crucial effect of epigenetic modifications and control of non-coding RNA in TH-dependent regulation of biological processes relevant for cardiac disease evolution.
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29
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Morhenn K, Quentin T, Wichmann H, Steinmetz M, Prondzynski M, Söhren KD, Christ T, Geertz B, Schröder S, Schöndube FA, Hasenfuss G, Schlossarek S, Zimmermann WH, Carrier L, Eschenhagen T, Cardinaux JR, Lutz S, Oetjen E. Mechanistic role of the CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 in cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 127:31-43. [PMID: 30521840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is the main stimulator of cardiac function. While acute activation of the β-adrenoceptors exerts positive inotropic and lusitropic effects by increasing cAMP and Ca2+, chronically enhanced sympathetic tone with changed β-adrenergic signaling leads to alterations of gene expression and remodeling. The CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) is activated by cAMP and Ca2+. In the present study, the regulation of CRTC1 in cardiomyocytes and its effect on cardiac function and growth was investigated. In cardiomyocytes, isoprenaline induced dephosphorylation, and thus activation of CRTC1, which was prevented by propranolol. Crtc1-deficient mice exhibited left ventricular dysfunction, hypertrophy and enlarged cardiomyocytes. However, isoprenaline-induced contractility of isolated trabeculae or phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I, cardiac myosin-binding protein C, phospholamban, and ryanodine receptor were not altered, suggesting that cardiac dysfunction was due to the global lack of Crtc1. The mRNA and protein levels of the Gαq GTPase activating protein regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2) were lower in hearts of Crtc1-deficient mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene assays showed stimulation of the Rgs2 promoter by CRTC1. In Crtc1-deficient cardiomyocytes, phosphorylation of the Gαq-downstream kinase ERK was enhanced. CRTC1 content was higher in cardiac tissue from patients with aortic stenosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and from two murine models mimicking these diseases. These data suggest that increased CRTC1 in maladaptive hypertrophy presents a compensatory mechanism to delay disease progression in part by enhancing Rgs2 gene transcription. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates an important role of CRTC1 in the regulation of cardiac function and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Morhenn
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Quentin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helen Wichmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Steinmetz
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maksymilian Prondzynski
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Söhren
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Geertz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schröder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich A Schöndube
- Department of Thoracic-Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram H Zimmermann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jean-René Cardinaux
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience and Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Lutz
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert Koch Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elke Oetjen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Kiel, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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30
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Converse role of class I and class IIa HDACs in the progression of atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 125:39-49. [PMID: 30321539 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common persistent clinical tachyarrhythmia, is associated with altered gene transcription which underlies cardiomyocyte dysfunction, AF susceptibility and progression. Recent research showed class I and class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs) to regulate pathological and fetal gene expression, and thereby induce hypertrophy and cardiac contractile dysfunction. Whether class I and class IIa HDACs are involved in AF promotion is unknown. We aim to elucidate the role of class I and class IIa HDACs in tachypacing-induced contractile dysfunction in experimental model systems for AF and clinical AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Class I and IIa HDACs were overexpressed in HL-1 cardiomyocytes followed by calcium transient (CaT) measurements. Overexpression of class I HDACs, HDAC1 or HDAC3, significantly reduced CaT amplitude in control normal-paced (1 Hz) cardiomyocytes, which was further reduced by tachypacing (5 Hz) in HDAC3 overexpressing cardiomyocytes. HDAC3 inhibition by shRNA or by the specific inhibitor, RGFP966, prevented contractile dysfunction in both tachypaced HL-1 cardiomyocytes and Drosophila prepupae. Conversely, overexpression of class IIa HDACs (HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7 or HDAC9) did not affect CaT in controls, with HDAC5 and HDAC7 overexpression even protecting against tachypacing-induced CaT loss. Notably, the protective effect of HDAC5 and HDAC7 was abolished in cardiomyocytes overexpressing a dominant negative HDAC5 or HDAC7 mutant, bearing a mutation in the binding domain for myosin enhancer factor 2 (MEF2). Furthermore, tachypacing induced phosphorylation of HDAC5 and promoted its translocation from the nucleus to cytoplasm, leading to up-regulation of MEF2-related fetal gene expression (β-MHC, BNP). In accord, boosting nuclear localization of HDAC5 by MC1568 or Go6983 attenuated CaT loss in tachypaced HL-1 cardiomyocytes and preserved contractile function in Drosophila prepupae. Findings were expanded to clinical AF. Here, patients with AF showed a significant increase in expression levels and activity of HDAC3, phosphorylated HDAC5 and fetal genes (β-MHC, BNP) in atrial tissue compared to controls in sinus rhythm. CONCLUSION: Class I and class IIa HDACs display converse roles in AF progression. Whereas overexpression of Class I HDAC3 induces cardiomyocyte dysfunction, class IIa HDAC5 overexpression reveals protective properties. Accordingly, HDAC3 inhibitors and HDAC5 nuclear boosters show protection from tachypacing-induced changes and therefore may represent interesting therapeutic options in clinical AF.
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31
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Wu X, Pan B, Liu L, Zhao W, Zhu J, Huang X, Tian J. In utero exposure to PM2.5 during gestation caused adult cardiac hypertrophy through histone acetylation modification. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4375-4384. [PMID: 30269375 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wu
- Heart Centre, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Disease in Childhood (Chongqing Medical University), Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders Chongqing China
| | - Bo Pan
- Heart Centre, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Disease in Childhood (Chongqing Medical University), Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders Chongqing China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Disease in Childhood (Chongqing Medical University), Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders Chongqing China
| | - Weian Zhao
- Heart Centre, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Disease in Childhood (Chongqing Medical University), Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders Chongqing China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Disease in Childhood (Chongqing Medical University), Ministry of Education Chongqing China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing China
- Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders Chongqing China
| | - Xupei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science Charlie E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton Florida
| | - Jie Tian
- Heart Centre, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China
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32
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Arcidiacono OA, Krejčí J, Suchánková J, Bártová E. Deacetylation of Histone H4 Accompanying Cardiomyogenesis is Weakened in HDAC1-Depleted ES Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082425. [PMID: 30115891 PMCID: PMC6121517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes requires activation of differentiation-specific genes and epigenetic factors that contribute to these physiological processes. This study is focused on the in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) induced into cardiomyocytes. The effects of clinically promising inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi) on mESC cardiomyogenesis and on explanted embryonic hearts were also analyzed. HDAC1 depletion caused early beating of cardiomyocytes compared with those of the wild-type (wt) counterpart. Moreover, the adherence of embryonic bodies (EBs) was reduced in HDAC1 double knockout (dn) mESCs. The most important finding was differentiation-specific H4 deacetylation observed during cardiomyocyte differentiation of wt mESCs, while H4 deacetylation was weakened in HDAC1-depleted cells induced to the cardiac pathway. Analysis of the effect of HDACi showed that Trichostatin A (TSA) is a strong hyperacetylating agent, especially in wt mESCs, but only SAHA reduced the size of the beating areas in EBs that originated from HDAC1 dn mESCs. Additionally, explanted embryonic hearts (e15) responded to treatment with HDACi: all of the tested HDACi (TSA, SAHA, VPA) increased the levels of H3K9ac, H4ac, H4K20ac, and pan-acetylated lysines in embryonic hearts. This observation shows that explanted tissue can be maintained in a hyperacetylation state several hours after excision, which appears to be useful information from the view of transplantation strategy and the maintenance of gene upregulation via acetylation in tissue intended for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Angelo Arcidiacono
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Krejčí
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Suchánková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
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33
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Li KL, Lin YC. PM2.5 induced cardiac hypertrophy via CREB/GSK3b/SOS1 pathway and metabolomics alterations. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30748-30760. [PMID: 30112104 PMCID: PMC6089393 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The particle matter with diameter less 2.5μm (PM2.5) easier to adsorb toxic substance, and interfere with pulmonary gas exchange. In this study, cardioprotective effects of low molecular weight (LMW) fucoidan in cardiac hypertrophy subjects induced by PM2.5 exposure was conducted by measuring QT interval, Blood pressure, cardiac structure, metabolites and proteins expression in different organs. After PM2.5 exposure, increase in blood pressure, abnormal cardiac function (Prolongation of Action Potential Duration and QT Interval), and structral remodeling (cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis) were recorded. Fucoidan supplement in consecutive 28 days can reduce the damage to myocardial injury caused by PM2.5. Clearance effect of fucoidan in serum, heart, kidney, lung and liver was found due to organic and inorganic compounds reduced SOS1, CREB, GSK3b, and GRB2 protein level were changed under PM2.5 exposure. Whereas, only CREB level was reduced after fucoidan treatment. Metabolic alteration was also determined that PM2.5 severely damage cardiac tissue and compromise its function. After treatment with fucoidan, the cardiac function was significantly recovered. Our finding demonstrated that LMW could enhance the cardiac status of mice with PM2.5 exposures by rescued QT interval prolongation, action potential and cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lun Li
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ruiz L, Gurlo T, Ravier MA, Wojtusciszyn A, Mathieu J, Brown MR, Broca C, Bertrand G, Butler PC, Matveyenko AV, Dalle S, Costes S. Proteasomal degradation of the histone acetyl transferase p300 contributes to beta-cell injury in a diabetes environment. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:600. [PMID: 29789539 PMCID: PMC5964068 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes, amyloid oligomers, chronic hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines are detrimental to beta-cells, causing apoptosis and impaired insulin secretion. The histone acetyl transferase p300, involved in remodeling of chromatin structure by epigenetic mechanisms, is a key ubiquitous activator of the transcriptional machinery. In this study, we report that loss of p300 acetyl transferase activity and expression leads to beta-cell apoptosis, and most importantly, that stress situations known to be associated with diabetes alter p300 levels and functional integrity. We found that proteasomal degradation is the mechanism subserving p300 loss in beta-cells exposed to hyperglycemia or pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also report that melatonin, a hormone produced in the pineal gland and known to play key roles in beta-cell health, preserves p300 levels altered by these toxic conditions. Collectively, these data imply an important role for p300 in the pathophysiology of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Ruiz
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tatyana Gurlo
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Magalie A Ravier
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Julia Mathieu
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Matthew R Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christophe Broca
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Peter C Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Safia Costes
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Russell‐Hallinan A, Watson CJ, Baugh JA. Epigenetics of Aberrant Cardiac Wound Healing. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:451-491. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Saeidinia A, Keihanian F, Butler AE, Bagheri RK, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Curcumin in heart failure: A choice for complementary therapy? Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:112-119. [PMID: 29550354 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a major public health concern and one of the most common reasons for a cardiac hospital admission. Heart failure may be classified as having a reduced or preserved ejection fraction and its severity is based on the symptom score. Given the aging population, it is predicted that admissions with heart failure will increase. Whilst pharmacological therapy has improved the associated morbidity and mortality, there is a need for additional therapies to improve the clinical outcome as the death rate remains high. Curcumin is a natural product derived from turmeric that appears to have cardiovascular benefit through a number of mechanisms. In this review, we have assessed the mechanisms by which curcumin may exert its effects in different models of heart failure and show that it has promise as a complementary treatment in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Saeidinia
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faeze Keihanian
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Life Sciences Research Division, Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar, Sports City Road, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramin Khameneh Bagheri
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Cunningham CM, Eghbali M. An Introduction to Epigenetics in Cardiovascular Development, Disease, and Sexualization. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:31-47. [PMID: 30051375 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is integral to cell differentiation, development, and disease. Modes of epigenetic regulation-including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNA-based regulation-alter chromatin structure, promotor accessibility, and contribute to posttranscriptional modifications. In the cardiovascular system, epigenetic regulation is necessary for proper cardiovascular development and homeostasis, while epigenetic dysfunction is associated with improper cardiac development and disease.Early sexualization of tissues, including X-inactivation in females and maternal and paternal imprinting, is also orchestrated through epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, sex chromosomes encode various sex-specific genes involved in epigenetic regulation, while sex hormones can act as regulatory cofactors that may predispose or protect males and females against developing diseases with a marked sex bias.The following book chapter summarizes the field of epigenetics in the context of cardiovascular development and disease while also highlighting the role of epigenetic regulation as a powerful source of sex differences within the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Cunningham
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Rai R, Verma SK, Kim D, Ramirez V, Lux E, Li C, Sahoo S, Wilsbacher LD, Vaughan DE, Quaggin SE, Ghosh AK. A novel acetyltransferase p300 inhibitor ameliorates hypertension-associated cardio-renal fibrosis. Epigenetics 2017; 12:1004-1013. [PMID: 28933600 PMCID: PMC5788418 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1370173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-associated end-organ damage commonly leads to cardiac and renal fibrosis. As no effective anti-fibrotic therapy currently exists, the unchecked progression of fibrogenesis manifests as cardio-renal failure and early death. We have previously shown that FATp300-p300 with intrinsic factor acetyltransferase activity-is an essential epigenetic regulator of fibrogenesis, and is elevated in several fibrotic tissues. In this report, we investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel FATp300 inhibitor, L002, in a murine model of hypertensive cardio-renal fibrosis. Additionally, we examine the effects of L002 on cellular pro-fibrogenic processes and provide mechanistic insights into its antifibrogenic action. Utilizing cardiac fibroblasts, podocytes, and mesangial cells, we demonstrate that L002 blunts FATp300-mediated acetylation of specific histones. Further, incubating cells with L002 suppresses several pro-fibrogenic processes including cellular proliferation, migration, myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis. Importantly, systemic administration of L002 in mice reduces hypertension-associated pathological hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis and renal fibrosis. The anti-hypertrophic and anti-fibrotic effects of L002 were independent of blood pressure regulation. Our work solidifies the role of epigenetic regulator FATp300 in fibrogenesis and establishes it as a pharmacological target for reducing pathological matrix remodeling and associated pathologies. Additionally, we discover a new therapeutic role of L002, as it ameliorates hypertension-induced cardio-renal fibrosis and antagonizes pro-fibrogenic responses in fibroblasts, podocytes and mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rai
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Suresh K Verma
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - David Kim
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Veronica Ramirez
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Elizabeth Lux
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Chengjin Li
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Lisa D Wilsbacher
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - Asish K Ghosh
- a Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA
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Tapia-Vieyra JV, Delgado-Coello B, Mas-Oliva J. Atherosclerosis and Cancer; A Resemblance with Far-reaching Implications. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:12-26. [PMID: 28577865 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and cancer are chronic diseases considered two of the main causes of death all over the world. Taking into account that both diseases are multifactorial, they share not only several important molecular pathways but also many ethiological and mechanistical processes from the very early stages of development up to the advanced forms in both pathologies. Factors involved in their progression comprise genetic alterations, inflammatory processes, uncontrolled cell proliferation and oxidative stress, as the most important ones. The fact that external effectors such as an infective process or a chemical insult have been proposed to initiate the transformation of cells in the artery wall and the process of atherogenesis, emphasizes many similarities with the progression of the neoplastic process in cancer. Deregulation of cell proliferation and therefore cell cycle progression, changes in the synthesis of important transcription factors as well as adhesion molecules, an alteration in the control of angiogenesis and the molecular similarities that follow chronic inflammation, are just a few of the processes that become part of the phenomena that closely correlates atherosclerosis and cancer. The aim of the present study is therefore, to provide new evidence as well as to discuss new approaches that might promote the identification of closer molecular ties between these two pathologies that would permit the recognition of atherosclerosis as a pathological process with a very close resemblance to the way a neoplastic process develops, that might eventually lead to novel ways of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Delgado-Coello
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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Warren JS, Oka SI, Zablocki D, Sadoshima J. Metabolic reprogramming via PPARα signaling in cardiac hypertrophy and failure: From metabolomics to epigenetics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28646024 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00103.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies using omics-based approaches have advanced our knowledge of metabolic remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Metabolomic analysis of the failing heart has revealed global changes in mitochondrial substrate metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) plays a critical role in synergistic regulation of cardiac metabolism through transcriptional control. Metabolic reprogramming via PPARα signaling in heart failure ultimately propagates into myocardial energetics. However, emerging evidence suggests that the expression level of PPARα per se does not always explain the energetic state in the heart. The transcriptional activities of PPARα are dynamic, yet highly coordinated. An additional level of complexity in the PPARα regulatory mechanism arises from its ability to interact with various partners, which ultimately determines the metabolic phenotype of the diseased heart. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the PPARα regulatory mechanisms in cardiac metabolism and the possible role of PPARα in epigenetic modifications in the diseased heart. In addition, we discuss how metabolomics can contribute to a better understanding of the role of PPARα in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junco Shibayama Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Shin-Ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Daniela Zablocki
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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41
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Hurtado-de-Mendoza D, Loaiza-Bonilla A, Bonilla-Reyes PA, Tinoco G, Alcorta R. Cardio-Oncology: Cancer Therapy-related Cardiovascular Complications in a Molecular Targeted Era: New Concepts and Perspectives. Cureus 2017; 9:e1258. [PMID: 28649481 PMCID: PMC5473719 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-oncology is a medical discipline that identifies, prevents, and treats the cardiovascular complications related to cancer therapy. Due to the remarkable proliferation of new cancer therapies causing cardiovascular complications, such as hypertension, heart failure, vascular complications, and cardiac arrhythmia, we provide an extensive, comprehensive revision of the most up-to-date scientific information available on the cardiovascular complications associated with the use of newer, novel chemotherapeutic agents, including their reported incidence, suggested pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, potential treatment, and prevention. The authors consider this topic to be relevant for the clinicians since cardiovascular complications associated with the administration of recently approved drugs are relatively underappreciated. The purpose of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review of cardiovascular complications associated with the use of newer, novel chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies, including their reported incidence, suggested pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, potential treatment, and prevention. Ongoing efforts are needed to provide a better understanding of the frequency, mechanisms of disease, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular complications induced by the newer, novel chemotherapeutic agents. Development of a cardio-oncology discipline is warranted in order to promote task forces aimed at the creation of oncology patient-centered guidelines for the detection, prevention, and treatment of potential cardiovascular side effects associated with newer cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hurtado-de-Mendoza
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Gabriel Tinoco
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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43
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Wang Z, Fang H, Tang NLS, Deng M. VCNet: vector-based gene co-expression network construction and its application to RNA-seq data. Bioinformatics 2017; 33:2173-2181. [DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zengmiao Wang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaying Fang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- LMAM, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nelson Leung-Sang Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minghua Deng
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- LMAM, School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The heart is a biological pump that converts chemical to mechanical energy. This process of energy conversion is highly regulated to the extent that energy substrate metabolism matches energy use for contraction on a beat-to-beat basis. The biochemistry of cardiac metabolism includes the biochemistry of energy transfer, metabolic regulation, and transcriptional, translational as well as posttranslational control of enzymatic activities. Pathways of energy substrate metabolism in the heart are complex and dynamic, but all of them conform to the First Law of Thermodynamics. The perspectives expand on the overall idea that cardiac metabolism is inextricably linked to both physiology and molecular biology of the heart. The article ends with an outlook on emerging concepts of cardiac metabolism based on new molecular models and new analytical tools. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1675-1699, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Truong Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Giovanni Davogustto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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45
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Shimizu I, Minamino T. Physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:245-62. [PMID: 27262674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The heart must continuously pump blood to supply the body with oxygen and nutrients. To maintain the high energy consumption required by this role, the heart is equipped with multiple complex biological systems that allow adaptation to changes of systemic demand. The processes of growth (hypertrophy), angiogenesis, and metabolic plasticity are critically involved in maintenance of cardiac homeostasis. Cardiac hypertrophy is classified as physiological when it is associated with normal cardiac function or as pathological when associated with cardiac dysfunction. Physiological hypertrophy of the heart occurs in response to normal growth of children or during pregnancy, as well as in athletes. In contrast, pathological hypertrophy is induced by factors such as prolonged and abnormal hemodynamic stress, due to hypertension, myocardial infarction etc. Pathological hypertrophy is associated with fibrosis, capillary rarefaction, increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cellular dysfunction (impairment of signaling, suppression of autophagy, and abnormal cardiomyocyte/non-cardiomyocyte interactions), as well as undesirable epigenetic changes, with these complex responses leading to maladaptive cardiac remodeling and heart failure. This review describes the key molecules and cellular responses involved in physiological/pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
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Abstract
With the impressive advancement in high-throughput 'omics' technologies over the past two decades, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as the regulatory interface between the genome and environmental factors. These mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and RNA-based mechanisms. Their highly interdependent and coordinated action modulates the chromatin structure controlling access of the transcription machinery and thereby regulating expression of target genes. Given the rather limited proliferative capability of human cardiomyocytes, epigenetic regulation appears to play a particularly important role in the myocardium. The highly dynamic nature of the epigenome allows the heart to adapt to environmental challenges and to respond quickly and properly to cardiac stress. It is now becoming evident that histone-modifying and chromatin-remodeling enzymes as well as numerous non-coding RNAs play critical roles in cardiac development and function, while their dysregulation contributes to the onset and development of pathological cardiac remodeling culminating in HF. This review focuses on up-to-date knowledge about the epigenetic mechanisms and highlights their emerging role in the healthy and failing heart. Uncovering the determinants of epigenetic regulation holds great promise to accelerate the development of successful new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in human cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marín-García
- The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Ave., Highland Park, NJ, 08904, USA,
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47
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Abstract
A complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Environmental factors have crucial effects on the epigenetic trait of genes, which refers to a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in the chromosomes without alteration of the DNA sequence, but has profound effects on the cellular repertoire. Among the epigenetic patterns, DNA methylation is of great interest. DNA methylation occurs at both global and specific gene promoter levels and relates to atherosclerosis. Aberrant DNA methylation affects the transcription and expression of critical regulatory genes and induces a proatherogenic cellular phenotype, which plays key roles in endothelia cell dysfunction, abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, extracellular matrix formation, and inflammation in CVDs. This review focuses on the contribution of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- a Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital , The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China.,b Chongqing Institute of Cardiology , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- a Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital , The Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China.,b Chongqing Institute of Cardiology , Chongqing , P.R. China
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Nanocurcumin Prevents Hypoxia Induced Stress in Primary Human Ventricular Cardiomyocytes by Maintaining Mitochondrial Homeostasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139121. [PMID: 26406246 PMCID: PMC4583454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induced oxidative stress incurs pathophysiological changes in hypertrophied cardiomyocytes by promoting translocation of p53 to mitochondria. Here, we investigate the cardio-protective efficacy of nanocurcumin in protecting primary human ventricular cardiomyocytes (HVCM) from hypoxia induced damages. Hypoxia induced hypertrophy was confirmed by FITC-phenylalanine uptake assay, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) levels and cell size measurements. Hypoxia induced translocation of p53 was investigated by using mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore blocker cyclosporin A (blocks entry of p53 to mitochondria) and confirmed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Mitochondrial damage in hypertrophied HVCM cells was evaluated by analysing bio-energetic, anti-oxidant and metabolic function and substrate switching form lipids to glucose. Nanocurcumin prevented translocation of p53 to mitochondria by stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential and de-stressed hypertrophied HVCM cells by significant restoration in lactate, acetyl-coenzyme A, pyruvate and glucose content along with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) activity. Significant restoration in glucose and modulation of GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 levels confirmed that nanocurcumin mediated prevention of substrate switching. Nanocurcumin prevented of mitochondrial stress as confirmed by c-fos/c-jun/p53 signalling. The data indicates decrease in p-300 histone acetyl transferase (HAT) mediated histone acetylation and GATA-4 activation as pharmacological targets of nanocurcumin in preventing hypoxia induced hypertrophy. The study provides an insight into propitious therapeutic effects of nanocurcumin in cardio-protection and usability in clinical applications.
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Tao H, Shi KH, Yang JJ, Li J. Epigenetic mechanisms in atrial fibrillation: New insights and future directions. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2015; 26:306-18. [PMID: 26475117 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. AF is a complex disease that results from genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms significantly participate in AF pathogenesis. Even though a poor understanding of the molecular and electrophysiologic mechanisms of AF, accumulated evidence has suggested that the relevance of epigenetic changes in the development of AF. The aim of this review is to describe the present knowledge about the epigenetic regulatory features significantly participates in AF, and look ahead on new perspectives of epigenetic mechanisms research. Epigenetic regulatory features such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA influence gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms and by directly binding to various factor response elements in the target gene promoters. Given the role of epigenetic alterations in regulating genes, there is potential for the integration of factors-induced epigenetic alterations as informative factors in the risk assessment process. In this review, new insight into the epigenetic mechanisms in AF pathogenesis is discussed, with special emphasis on DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA. Further studies are needed to reveal the potential targets of epigenetic mechanisms, and it can be developed as a therapeutic target for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Cardiovascular Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Pan B, Zhu J, Lv T, Sun H, Huang X, Tian J. Alcohol consumption during gestation causes histone3 lysine9 hyperacetylation and an alternation of expression of heart development-related genes in mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 38:2396-402. [PMID: 25257289 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse during gestation may cause congenital heart diseases (CHDs). The underlying mechanisms of alcohol-induced cardiac deformities are still not clear. Recent studies suggest that histone modification may play a crucial role in this pathological process. Moreover, our previous studies reported that ethanol could induce histone3 lysine9 (H3K9) hyperacetylation and overexpression of heart development-related genes in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcohol consumption during gestation on the imbalance of H3K9 acetylation and the alternation of the expression of heart development-related genes during cardiogenesis. METHODS Pregnant mice were exposed to a single dose of alcohol (10 μl/g/d, 56% alcohol) by gavage every day in the morning from embryo day 7.5 (E7.5) to E15.5. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was applied for observing the structure of the embryonic hearts. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used for detecting the level of H3K9 acetylation and gene expression. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities were detected by colorimetric assay and fluorometric assay. RESULTS H&E staining of cardiac tissue showed abnormalities of embryonic hearts at E17.5. The level of H3K9 acetylation reached peak at E17.5 and decreased sharply to a low level at birth and maintained at low level afterward. Alcohol exposure increased H3K9 acetylation at E11.5, E14.5, E17.5, and E18.5, respectively (p < 0.05), and enhanced the expression of Gata4 in the embryonic hearts at E14.5 and E17.5, Mef2c at E14.5, and Nkx2.5 at E14.5 and E17.5, (p < 0.05) but not for Tbx5 (p > 0.05). On embryonic day 17.5, HAT activities of embryonic hearts increased significantly, however alcohol exposure did not alter HDAC activities. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a time course of H3K9 acetylation change during heart development and demonstrate that alcohol exposure in utero may induce an increase of HAT activities, which results in H3K9 hyperacetylation and an increase of the expression of heart development-related genes. These findings reveal a novel epigenetic mechanism that connects the alcohol consumption during the pregnancy and the development of CHD in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Disease in Childhood (Chongqing Medical University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, China; Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China; Heart Centre, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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