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Ma Y, Yang W, Liang P, Feng R, Qiu T, Zhang J, Sun X, Li Q, Yang G, Yao X. The VDAC1 oligomerization regulated by ATP5B leads to the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the liver cells under PFOS exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116647. [PMID: 38944014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
As a persistent organic pollutant, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has a serious detrimental impact on human health. It has been suggested that PFOS is associated with liver inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, PFOS was found to elevate the oligomerization tendency of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) in the mice liver and human normal liver cells L-02. Inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization alleviated PFOS-induced nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Cytoplasmic membrane VDAC1 translocated to mitochondria was also observed in response to PFOS. Therefore, the oligomerization of VDAC1 occurred mainly in the mitochondria. VDAC1 was found to interact with the ATP synthase beta subunit (ATP5B) under PFOS treatment. Knockdown of ATP5B or immobilization of ATP5B to the cytoplasmic membrane alleviated the increased VDAC1 oligomerization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, our results suggested that PFOS induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through VDAC1 oligomerization, a process dependent on ATP5B to transfer VDAC1 from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria. The findings offer novel perspectives on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the regulatory mode on VDAC1 oligomerization, and the mechanism of PFOS toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Occupation and Environment Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Occupation and Environment Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Peiyao Liang
- Occupation and Environment Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Ruzhen Feng
- Occupation and Environment Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Tianming Qiu
- Occupation and Environment Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Occupation and Environment Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Occupation and Environment Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Nutrition Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Nutrition Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Occupation and Environment Health Department, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lushun-South Road, Dalian, China.
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Gao X, Jiang P, Wei X, Zhang W, Zheng J, Sun S, Yao H, Liu X, Zhang Q. Novel fusion protein PK5-RL-Gal-3C inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma via anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxicity. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:154. [PMID: 36793021 PMCID: PMC9930235 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectin-3 (Gal-3), the only chimeric β-galactosides-binding lectin, consists of Gal-3N (N-terminal regulatory peptide) and Gal-3C (C-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain). Interestingly, Gal-3C could specifically inhibit endogenous full-length Gal-3 to exhibit anti-tumor activity. Here, we aimed to further improve the anti-tumor activity of Gal-3C via developing novel fusion proteins. METHODS PK5 (the fifth kringle domain of plasminogen) was introduced to the N-terminus of Gal-3C via rigid linker (RL) to generate novel fusion protein PK5-RL-Gal-3C. Then, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of PK5-RL-Gal-3C in vivo and in vitro by using several experiments, and figured out their molecular mechanisms in anti-angiogenesis and cytotoxicity to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RESULTS Our results show that PK5-RL-Gal-3C can inhibit HCC both in vivo and in vitro without obvious toxicity, and also significantly prolong the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanically, we find that PK5-RL-Gal-3C inhibits angiogenesis and show cytotoxicity to HCC. In detail, HUVEC-related and matrigel plug assays indicate that PK5-RL-Gal-3C plays an important role in inhibiting angiogenesis by regulating HIF1α/VEGF and Ang-2 both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, PK5-RL-Gal-3C induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis with inhibition of Cyclin D1, Cyclin D3, CDK4, and Bcl-2, but activation of p27, p21, caspase-3, -8 and -9. CONCLUSION Novel fusion protein PK5-RL-Gal-3C is potent therapeutic agent by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis in HCC and potential antagonist of Gal-3, which provides new strategy for exploring novel antagonist of Gal-3 and promotes their application in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Gao
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin Jiang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Medical Oncology of Huangmei People’s Hospital, Huanggang, Hubei Province 435500 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohuan Wei
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiwei Zheng
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Department of Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shishuo Sun
- grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.413389.40000 0004 1758 1622Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,grid.417303.20000 0000 9927 0537Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004 People’s Republic of China ,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangye Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221004, People's Republic of China. .,Nanjing International Hospital Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210000, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang R, Dong X, Bian L. Investigation of binding mechanism for human plasminogen Kringle 5 with its potential receptor vWA1 domain in Cochlin by bio-specific technologies and molecular dynamic simulation. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Neill T, Iozzo RV. The Role of Decorin Proteoglycan in Mitophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030804. [PMID: 35159071 PMCID: PMC8834502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The eminent rise of extracellular matrix constituents, chiefly hailing from the proteoglycan gene family, has revolutionized our understanding of how intracellular catabolism is regulated at the intersection of autophagy and breast cancer. In this review, we examine the mechanisms of decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, as it relates to autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). In each case, decorin signals via a unique cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase to evoke autophagy (VEGFR2) or mitophagy (MET receptor) that converges on a novel tumor suppressor gene. The downstream function of either Peg3 or mitostatin in response to decorin manifests as potent means to subdue breast cancer development and progression. Abstract Proteoglycans are emerging as critical regulators of intracellular catabolism. This rise in prominence has transformed our basic understanding and alerted us to the existence of non-canonical pathways, independent of nutrient deprivation, that potently control the autophagy downstream of a cell surface receptor. As a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family, decorin has single-handedly pioneered the connection between extracellular matrix signaling and autophagy regulation. Soluble decorin evokes protracted endothelial cell autophagy via Peg3 and breast carcinoma cell mitophagy via mitostatin by interacting with VEGFR2 or the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. In this paper, we give a mechanistic perspective of the vital factors underlying the nutrient-independent, SLRP-dependent programs utilized for autophagic and/or mitophagic progression in breast cancer. Future protein therapies based on decorin (or fellow proteoglycan members) will represent a quantum leap forward in transforming autophagic progression into a powerful tool to control intracellular cell catabolism from the outside.
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Zhang J, Wang K, Xue P, Chen X, Bian L. Molecular recognition and interaction between human plasminogen Kringle 5 and voltage-dependent anion channel-1 by biological specificity technologies and molecular dynamic simulation. Biophys Chem 2021; 280:106710. [PMID: 34741992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent anion channel-l (VDAC-1) can bind with plasminogen Kringle 5 as the cell surface receptor and induce cell apoptosis, but the detailed information of binding is not clear yet. Thus, the mutual recognition and binding were investigated here utilizing frontal affinity chromatography, surface plasma resonance, mutation analysis combining molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed that Kringle 5 binds with VDAC-1 in equimolar driven mainly by electrostatic force, with 15 amino acid residues participating in Kringle 5 and 21 in VDAC-1. The observed conformational changes indicated the automatic structure regulation providing these two proteins suitable conformations and spatial surroundings for the tighter and stabler binding. Moreover, Glu29 in Kringle 5 was speculated as the key residue maintaining the largest energy contribution. Therefore, this work provided precise information for the recognition and binding of Kringle 5 with VDAC-1 that is valuable for the corresponding treatment of tumours or other angiogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Pengli Xue
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Neill T, Kapoor A, Xie C, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. A functional outside-in signaling network of proteoglycans and matrix molecules regulating autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:118-149. [PMID: 33838253 PMCID: PMC8355044 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans and selected extracellular matrix constituents are emerging as intrinsic and critical regulators of evolutionarily conversed, intracellular catabolic pathways. Often, these secreted molecules evoke sustained autophagy in a variety of cell types, tissues, and model systems. The unique properties of proteoglycans have ushered in a paradigmatic shift to broaden our understanding of matrix-mediated signaling cascades. The dynamic cellular pathway controlling autophagy is now linked to an equally dynamic and fluid signaling network embedded in a complex meshwork of matrix molecules. A rapidly emerging field of research encompasses multiple matrix-derived candidates, representing a menagerie of soluble matrix constituents including decorin, biglycan, endorepellin, endostatin, collagen VI and plasminogen kringle 5. These matrix constituents are pro-autophagic and simultaneously anti-angiogenic. In contrast, perlecan, laminin α2 chain, and lumican have anti-autophagic functions. Mechanistically, each matrix constituent linked to intracellular catabolic events engages a specific cell surface receptor that often converges on a common core of the autophagic machinery including AMPK, Peg3 and Beclin 1. We consider this matrix-evoked autophagy as non-canonical given that it occurs in an allosteric manner and is independent of nutrient availability or prevailing bioenergetics control. We propose that matrix-regulated autophagy is an important outside-in signaling mechanism for proper tissue homeostasis that could be therapeutically leveraged to combat a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ANGIOSTATINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OCULAR NEOVASCULAR DISEASES. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostatins comprise a group of kringle-containing proteolytically-derived fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, which act as potent inhibitory mediators of endothelial cells proliferation and migration. Angiostatins are involved in modulation of vessel growth in healthy tissues and various pathological conditions associated with aberrant neovascularization. The aim of the present paper was to summarize available information, including our own experimental data, on prospects of angiostatin application for treatment of ocular neovascular diseases (OND), focusing on retinal pathologies and corneal injury. In particular, literature data on prospective and retrospective studies, clinical trials and animal models relating to the pathophysiology, investigation and management of OND are described. Special emphasis was made on the laboratory approaches of production of different angiostatin isoforms, as well as comparison of antiangiogenic capacities of native and recombinant angiostatin polypeptides. Several studies reported that angiostatins may completely abolish pathologic angiogenesis in diabetic proliferative retinopathy without affecting normal retinal vessel development and without exhibiting adverse side effects. Angiostatins have been tested as a tool for corneal antiangiogenesis target therapy in order to manage diverse ocular surface pathological conditions induced by traumas, chemical burns, previous surgery, chronic contact lens wear, autoimmune diseases, keratitis and viral infections (herpes, COVID-19), corneal graft rejection, etc. Among all known angiostatin species, isolated K5 plasminogen fragment was shown to display the most potent inhibitory activity against proliferation of endothelial cells via triggering multiple signaling pathways, which lead to cell death and resulting angiogenesis suppression. Application of adenoviral genetic construct encoding angiostatin K5 as a promising tool for OND treatment illustrates a vivid example of upcoming revolution in local gene therapy. Further comprehensive studies are necessary to elucidate the clinical potential and optimal regimes of angiostatinbased intervention modalities for treating ocular neovascularization.
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Verma A. VDAC1 at the Intersection of Cell Metabolism, Apoptosis, and Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1485. [PMID: 33114780 PMCID: PMC7693975 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) protein, is an important regulator of mitochondrial function, and serves as a mitochondrial gatekeeper, with responsibility for cellular fate. In addition to control over energy sources and metabolism, the protein also regulates epigenomic elements and apoptosis via mediating the release of apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria. Apoptotic and pathological conditions, as well as certain viruses, induce cell death by inducing VDAC1 overexpression leading to oligomerization, and the formation of a large channel within the VDAC1 homo-oligomer. This then permits the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the mitochondria and subsequent apoptosis. Mitochondrial DNA can also be released through this channel, which triggers type-Ι interferon responses. VDAC1 also participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria cross-talk, and in the regulation of autophagy, and inflammation. Its location in the outer mitochondrial membrane, makes VDAC1 ideally placed to interact with over 100 proteins, and to orchestrate the interaction of mitochondrial and cellular activities through a number of signaling pathways. Here, we provide insights into the multiple functions of VDAC1 and describe its involvement in several diseases, which demonstrate the potential of this protein as a druggable target in a wide variety of pathologies, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (A.S.-K.); (A.V.)
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Jeremiasse B, Matta C, Fellows CR, Boocock DJ, Smith JR, Liddell S, Lafeber F, van Spil WE, Mobasheri A. Alterations in the chondrocyte surfaceome in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:47. [PMID: 32586320 PMCID: PMC7318434 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrocytes are exposed to an inflammatory micro-environment in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage in joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In OA, degenerative changes and low-grade inflammation within the joint transform the behaviour and metabolism of chondrocytes, disturb the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation, and alter the osmolality and ionic composition of the micro-environment. We hypothesize that chondrocytes adjust their physiology to the inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the expression of cell surface proteins, collectively referred to as the ‘surfaceome’. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the surfaceome of primary equine chondrocytes isolated from healthy joints following exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). We employed combined methodology that we recently developed for investigating the surfaceome in stem cells. Membrane proteins were isolated using an aminooxy-biotinylation technique and analysed by mass spectrometry using high throughput shotgun proteomics. Selected proteins were validated by western blotting. Results Amongst the 431 unique cell surface proteins identified, a high percentage of low-abundance proteins, such as ion channels, receptors and transporter molecules were detected. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014773. A high number of proteins exhibited different expression patterns following chondrocyte stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Low density lipoprotein related protein 1 (LPR-1), thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC) 1–2 and annexin A1 were considered to be of special interest and were analysed further by western blotting. Conclusions Our results provide, for the first time, a repository for proteomic data on differentially expressed low-abundance membrane proteins on the surface of chondrocytes in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Jeremiasse
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Christopher R Fellows
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Science and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David J Boocock
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | | | | | - Floris Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem E van Spil
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania. .,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. .,Department of Orthopedics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Zhang Y, Zhang R, Bai J, Liu W, Yang J, Bian L. Human laminin α3 chain G1 domain is a receptor for plasminogen Kringle 5 on human endothelial cells by biological specificity technologies and molecular dynamic. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:460986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zakyrjanova GF, Gilmutdinov AI, Tsentsevitsky AN, Petrov AM. Olesoxime, a cholesterol-like neuroprotectant restrains synaptic vesicle exocytosis in the mice motor nerve terminals: Possible role of VDACs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158739. [PMID: 32428575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Olesoxime is a cholesterol-like neuroprotective compound that targets to mitochondrial voltage dependent anion channels (VDACs). VDACs were also found in the plasma membrane and highly expressed in the presynaptic compartment. Here, we studied the effects of olesoxime and VDAC inhibitors on neurotransmission in the mouse neuromuscular junction. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that olesoxime suppressed selectively evoked neurotransmitter release in response to a single stimulus and 20 Hz activity. Also olesoxime decreased the rate of FM1-43 dye loss (an indicator of synaptic vesicle exocytosis) at low frequency stimulation and 20 Hz. Furthermore, an increase in extracellular Cl- enhanced the action of olesoxime on the exocytosis and olesoxime increased intracellular Cl- levels. The effects of olesoxime on the evoked synaptic vesicle exocytosis and [Cl-]i were blocked by membrane-permeable and impermeable VDAC inhibitors. Immunofluorescent labeling pointed on the presence of VDACs on the synaptic membranes. Rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction perturbed the exocytotic release of FM1-43 and cell-permeable VDAC inhibitor (but not olesoxime or impermeable VDAC inhibitor) partially mitigated the rotenone-driven alterations in the FM1-43 unloading and mitochondrial superoxide production. Thus, olesoxime restrains neurotransmission by acting on plasmalemmal VDACs whose activation can limit synaptic vesicle exocytosis probably via increasing anion flux into the nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guzalia F Zakyrjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Amir I Gilmutdinov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Andrey N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, box 30, Kazan 420111, Russia; Institute of Neuroscience, Kazan State Medial University, 49 Butlerova Street, Kazan 420012, Russia.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Vaspin Action - From Adipose Tissue to Skin and Bone, from Blood Vessels to the Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1111:159-188. [PMID: 30051323 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) or SERPINA12 according to the serpin nomenclature was identified together with other genes and gene products that were specifically expressed or overexpressed in the intra-abdominal or visceral adipose tissue (AT) of the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rat. These rats spontaneously develop visceral obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and -glycemia, as well as hypertension and thus represent a well suited animal model of obesity and related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.The follow-up study reporting the cloning, expression and functional characterization of vaspin suggested the great and promising potential of this molecule to counteract obesity induced insulin resistance and inflammation and has since initiated over 300 publications, clinical and experimental, that have contributed to uncover the multifaceted functions and molecular mechanisms of vaspin action not only in the adipose, but in many different cells, tissues and organs. This review will give an update on mechanistic and structural aspects of vaspin with a focus on its serpin function, the physiology and regulation of vaspin expression, and will summarize the latest on vaspin function in various tissues such as the different adipose tissue depots as well as the vasculature, skin, bone and the brain.
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Plasminogen kringle 5 suppresses gastric cancer via regulating HIF-1α and GRP78. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3144. [PMID: 29072683 PMCID: PMC5682690 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of tumour angiogenesis has an important role in antitumour therapy. However, a recent study indicates that antiangiogenesis therapy may lead to glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) associated antiapoptotic resistance. The present study aims to elucidate the dual effects of plasminogen kringle 5 (K5) on tumour angiogenesis and apoptosis induction by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and GRP78. Co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting were used for examining the ubiquitination of HIF-1α and analysing angiogenesis and apoptosis-associated proteins. K5 promoted the sumo/ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α by upregulating von Hippel-Lindau protein under hypoxia, resulting in the reduction of vascular endothelial growth factor and thus suppressing tumour angiogenesis. Furthermore, K5 decreased GRP78 expression via downregulation of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated protein kinase, leading to caspase-7 cleavage and tumour cell apoptosis. Blocking voltage-dependent anion channel abrogated the effects of K5 on both HIF-1α and GRP78. K5 significantly inhibited the growth of gastric carcinoma xenografts by inhibiting both angiogenesis and apoptosis. The dual effects suggest that K5 might be a promising bio-therapeutic agent in the treatment of gastric cancer, particularly in patients who exhibit the induction of GRP78.
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Liguori L, Stidder B, Alcaraz JP, Lenormand JL, Cinquin P, Martin DK. Cell-free production of VDAC directly into liposomes for integration with biomimetic membrane systems. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 46:546-51. [PMID: 26443900 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1068800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is a pivotal protein since it provides the major transport pathway between the cytosol and the mitochondrial intermembrane space and it is implicated in cell apoptosis by functioning as a gatekeeper for the trafficking of mitochondrial death molecules. VDAC is a beta-barrel channel with a large conductance, and we use it as a model transport protein for the design of biomimetic systems. To overcome the limitations of classical overexpression methods for producing and purifying membrane proteins (MPs) we describe here the use of an optimized cell-free system. In a one-step reaction VDAC is obtained directly integrated into liposomes and purified by ultracentrifugation. We then combine proteoliposomes with different bilayers models in order to validate VDAC insertion and functionality. This VDAC biomimetic model is the first example validating the use of a cell-free expression system for production of MPs into liposomes and tethered bilayers as a toolbox to build a wide range of biomimetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Liguori
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Barry Stidder
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Pierre Alcaraz
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Luc Lenormand
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Philippe Cinquin
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
| | - Donald K Martin
- a University of Grenoble 1-Joseph Fourier/CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (Equipe SyNaBi) , Grenoble , France
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Liang YK, Bian LJ. Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel-1, a Possible Ligand of Plasminogen Kringle 5. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164834. [PMID: 27749918 PMCID: PMC5066947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kringle 5, the fifth fragment of plasminogen, is known to be important for inhibiting the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cell (VEC), while not having any effects on normal endothelial cells. Therefore, it may be a potential tumor therapy candidate. However, the ligand of the Kringle 5 in VEC has not yet been identified. In this study, the possible ligand of Kringle 5 in vitro was screened and validated using Ph.D.-7 phage display peptide library with molecular docking, along with surface plasma resonance (SPR). After four rounds of panning, the specific clones of Kringle 5 were confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The gene sequence analysis showed that they expressed the common amino sequence IGNSNTL. Then, using a NCBI BLAST, 103 matching sequences were found. Following the molecular docking evaluation and considering the acting function and pathway of the plasminogen Kringle 5 in the human body, the most promising candidate was determined to be voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1), which was able to bind to Kringle 5 at -822.65 J·mol-1 of the binding energy at the residues of Lys12, Thr19, Ser57, Thr188, Arg139, Asn214, Ser240 and Lys274. A strong dose-dependent interaction occurred between the VDAC-1 and Kringle 5 (binding constant 2.43 × 103 L·mol-1) in SPR observation. Therefore, this study proposed that VDAC-1 was a potential ligand of plasminogen Kringle 5, and also demonstrated that the screening and validation of protein ligand using phage display peptide library with the molecular docking, along with SPR, was a practicable application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-ku Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, P. R. China
- Qinba Mountains of Bio-Resource Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern Shaanxi province, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, P. R. China
| | - Liu-jiao Bian
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Oh SY, Hwang JR, Lee Y, Choi SJ, Kim JS, Kim JH, Sadovsky Y, Roh CR. Isolation of basal membrane proteins from BeWo cells and their expression in placentas from fetal growth-restricted pregnancies. Placenta 2016; 39:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Non-Overlapping Distributions and Functions of the VDAC Family in Ciliogenesis. Cells 2015; 4:331-53. [PMID: 26264029 PMCID: PMC4588040 DOI: 10.3390/cells4030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells that consist of two centrioles. In mitotic cells, centrosomes are duplicated to serve as the poles of the mitotic spindle, while in quiescent cells, centrosomes move to the apical membrane where the oldest centriole is transformed into a basal body to assemble a primary cilium. We recently showed that mitochondrial outer membrane porin VDAC3 localizes to centrosomes where it negatively regulates ciliogenesis. We show here that the other two family members, VDAC1 and VDAC2, best known for their function in mitochondrial bioenergetics, are also found at centrosomes. Like VDAC3, centrosomal VDAC1 is predominantly localized to the mother centriole, while VDAC2 localizes to centriolar satellites in a microtubule-dependent manner. Down-regulation of VDAC1 leads to inappropriate ciliogenesis, while its overexpression suppresses cilia formation, suggesting that VDAC1 and VDAC3 both negatively regulate ciliogenesis. However, this negative effect on ciliogenesis is not shared by VDAC2, which instead appears to promote maturation of primary cilia. Moreover, because overexpression of VDAC3 cannot compensate for depletion of VDAC1, our data suggest that while the entire VDAC family localizes to centrosomes, they have non-redundant functions in cilogenesis.
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Li L, Yao YC, Gu XQ, Che D, Ma CQ, Dai ZY, Li C, Zhou T, Cai WB, Yang ZH, Yang X, Gao GQ. Plasminogen kringle 5 induces endothelial cell apoptosis by triggering a voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) positive feedback loop. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32628-38. [PMID: 25296756 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human plasminogen kringle 5 (K5) is known to display its potent anti-angiogenesis effect through inducing endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis, and the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) has been identified as a receptor of K5. However, the exact role and underlying mechanisms of VDAC1 in K5-induced EC apoptosis remain elusive. In the current study, we showed that K5 increased the protein level of VDAC1, which initiated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of ECs. Our findings also showed that K5 inhibited the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of VDAC1 by promoting the phosphorylation of VDAC1, possibly at Ser-12 and Thr-107. The phosphorylated VDAC1 was attenuated by the AKT agonist, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β inhibitor, and siRNA, suggesting that K5 increased VDAC1 phosphorylation via the AKT-GSK3β pathway. Furthermore, K5 promoted cell surface translocation of VDAC1, and binding between K5 and VDAC1 was observed on the plasma membrane. HKI protein blocked the impact of K5 on the AKT-GSK3β pathway by competitively inhibiting the interaction of K5 and cell surface VDAC1. Moreover, K5-induced EC apoptosis was suppressed by VDAC1 antibody. These data show for the first time that K5-induced EC apoptosis is mediated by the positive feedback loop of "VDAC1-AKT-GSK3β-VDAC1," which may provide new perspectives on the mechanisms of K5-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, the Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangzhou 510150
| | - Ya-Chao Yao
- the Laboratory Center of Guangdong NO.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510317
| | - Xiao-Qiong Gu
- the Department of Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623
| | - Di Che
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Cai-Qi Ma
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Zhi-Yu Dai
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Cen Li
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Ti Zhou
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Wei-Bin Cai
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Zhong-Han Yang
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Xia Yang
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, the China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, and
| | - Guo-Quan Gao
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, the Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms, Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Gonzalez-Gronow M, Gomez CF, de Ridder GG, Ray R, Pizzo SV. Binding of tissue-type plasminogen activator to the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) modulates plasminogen activation and promotes human neuroblastoma cell proliferation in vitro. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25166-76. [PMID: 25059665 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a plasminogen (Pg) receptor on the cell surface. In this study, we demonstrate that GRP78 also binds the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), which results in a decrease in K(m) and an increase in the V(max) for both its amidolytic activity and activation of its substrate, Pg. This results in accelerated Pg activation when GRP78, t-PA, and Pg are bound together. The increase in t-PA activity is the result of a mechanism involving a t-PA lysine-dependent binding site in the GRP78 amino acid sequence (98)LIGRTWNDPSVQQDIKFL(115). We found that GRP78 is expressed on the surface of neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells where it is co-localized with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), which is also a t-PA-binding protein in these cells. We demonstrate that both Pg and t-PA serve as a bridge between GRP78 and VDAC bringing them together to facilitate Pg activation. t-PA induces SK-N-SH cell proliferation via binding to GRP78 on the cell surface. Furthermore, Pg binding to the COOH-terminal region of GRP78 stimulates cell proliferation via its microplasminogen domain. This study confirms previous findings from our laboratory showing that GRP78 acts as a growth factor-like receptor and that its association with t-PA, Pg, and VDAC on the cell surface may be part of a system controlling cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gonzalez-Gronow
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile and the Department of Pathology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Cristian Farias Gomez
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile and
| | - Gustaaf G de Ridder
- the Department of Pathology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Rupa Ray
- the Department of Pathology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Salvatore V Pizzo
- the Department of Pathology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Abstract
The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and cell biology to clarify the roles of these channels has thus become possible. It is by now clear that many of these channels are important for energy supply by the mitochondria and have a major impact on the fate of the entire cell as well. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the electrophysiological properties, molecular identity, and pathophysiological functions of the mitochondrial ion channels studied so far and to highlight possible therapeutic perspectives based on current information.
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Abstract
Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), known as outer mitochondrial membrane proteins, are present in all eukaryotic cells. In mammals, they are now recognized to play crucial roles in the regulation of metabolic and energetic functions of mitochondria as well as in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, in association with various proteins and non-protein modulators. Although there is much less information available for plant than for animal VDACs, their similar electrophysiological and topological properties suggest that some common functions are conserved among eukaryotic VDACs. Recently, it has been revealed that plant VDACs also have various important physiological functions not only in developmental and reproductive processes, but also in biotic and abiotic stress responses, including programmed cell death. In this review, we summarize recent findings about the sequence motifs, localization, and function of plant VDACs and discuss these results in the light of recent advances in research on animal VDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
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Cops EJ, Sashindranath M, Daglas M, Short KM, da Fonseca Pereira C, Pang TY, Lijnen RH, Smyth IM, Hannan AJ, Samson AL, Medcalf RL. Tissue-type plasminogen activator is an extracellular mediator of Purkinje cell damage and altered gait. Exp Neurol 2013; 249:8-19. [PMID: 23939410 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purkinje neurons are a sensitive and specialised cell type important for fine motor movement and coordination. Purkinje cell damage manifests as motor incoordination and ataxia - a prominent feature of many human disorders including spinocerebellar ataxia and Huntington's disease. A correlation between Purkinje degeneration and excess cerebellar levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has been observed in multiple genetically-distinct models of ataxia. Here we show that Purkinje loss in a mouse model of Huntington's disease also correlates with a 200% increase in cerebellar tPA activity. That elevated tPA levels arise in a variety of ataxia models suggests that tPA is a common mediator of Purkinje damage. To address the specific contribution of tPA to cerebellar dysfunction we studied the T4 mice line that overexpresses murine tPA in postnatal neurons through the Thy1.2 gene promoter, which directs preferential expression to Purkinje cells within the cerebellum. Here we show that T4 mice develop signs of cerebellar damage within 10 weeks of birth including atrophy of Purkinje cell soma and dendrites, astrogliosis, reduced molecular layer volume and altered gait. In contrast, T4 mice displayed no evidence of microgliosis, nor any changes in interneuron density, nor alteration in the cerebellar granular neuron layer. Thus, excess tPA levels may be sufficient to cause targeted Purkinje cell degeneration and ataxia. We propose that elevated cerebellar tPA levels exert a common pathway of Purkinje cell damage. Therapeutically lowering cerebellar tPA levels may represent a novel means of preserving Purkinje cell integrity and motor coordination across a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa J Cops
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, AMREP, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
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Li J, Yu L, Gu X, Ma Y, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Snyder EY, Sidman RL. Tissue plasminogen activator regulates Purkinje neuron development and survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E2410-9. [PMID: 23674688 PMCID: PMC3696779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1305010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellar cortex is centrally involved in motor coordination and learning, and its sole output is provided by Purkinje neurons (PNs). Growth of PN dendrites and their major synaptic input from granule cell parallel fiber axons takes place almost entirely in the first several postnatal weeks. PNs are more vulnerable to cell death than most other neurons, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We find that the homozygous nervous (nr) mutant mouse's 10-fold-increased cerebellar tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a part of the tPA/plasmin proteolytic system, influences several different molecular mechanisms, each regulating a key aspect of postnatal PN development, followed by selective PN necrosis, as follows. (i) Excess endogenous or exogenous tPA inhibits dendritic growth in vivo and in vitro by activating protein kinase Cγ and phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2. (ii) tPA/plasmin proteolysis impairs parallel fiber-PN synaptogenesis by blocking brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling. (iii) Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (a mitochondrial and plasma membrane protein) bound with kringle 5 (a peptide derived from the excess plasminogen) promotes pathological enlargement and rounding of PN mitochondria, reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, and damages plasma membranes. These abnormalities culminate in young nr PN necrosis that can be mimicked in wild-type PNs by exogenous tPA injection into cerebellum or prevented by endogenous tPA deletion in nr:tPA-knockout double mutants. In sum, excess tPA/plasmin, through separate downstream molecular mechanisms, regulates postnatal PN dendritogenesis, synaptogenesis, mitochondrial structure and function, and selective PN viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Xuesong Gu
- Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Yinghua Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- David H. Koch Center, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Wadih Arap
- David H. Koch Center, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Evan Y. Snyder
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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van Tonder JJ, Gulumian M, Cromarty AD, Steenkamp V. In vitro effect of N-acetylcysteine on hepatocyte injury caused by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:41-53. [PMID: 23615707 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113482954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorine pesticide, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is still used to combat the spread of malaria in several developing countries despite its accumulation and known hepatotoxic effects that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a recognized hepatoprotective agent that has been reported to reduce hepatotoxicity initiated by many different compounds. The aim of this study was to determine whether NAC could counter in vitro hepatocyte injury induced by DDT or its two major metabolites, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane. HepG2 cell cultures were used to assess the following parameters of toxicity: cellular viability, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and initiation of apoptosis. None of the three test compounds induced ROS generation, yet exposure to any of the three compounds produced mitochondrial hyperpolarization, which was countered by NAC pretreatment. All three test compounds also induced apoptotic cell death, which was inhibited by NAC. Despite NAC counteracting some adverse intracellular changes due to organochlorine exposure, it appeared to aggravate the cytotoxic effects of the organochlorine compounds at low test concentrations. As the same outcome may also occur in vivo, results from the present study raise concern about the use of NAC as treatment for DDT-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J van Tonder
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Nakatsuka A, Wada J, Iseda I, Teshigawara S, Higashio K, Murakami K, Kanzaki M, Inoue K, Terami T, Katayama A, Hida K, Eguchi J, Ogawa D, Matsuki Y, Hiramatsu R, Yagita H, Kakuta S, Iwakura Y, Makino H. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine proteinase inhibitor inhibits apoptosis of endothelial cells as a ligand for the cell-surface GRP78/voltage-dependent anion channel complex. Circ Res 2013; 112:771-80. [PMID: 23307819 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine proteinase inhibitor (vaspin) is an adipokine identified from visceral adipose tissues of genetically obese rats. OBJECTIVE The role of vaspin in the diabetic vascular complications remains elusive, and we investigated the effects of vaspin on the vascular function under the diabetic milieu. METHODS AND RESULTS Adenovirus carrying the full length of the vaspin gene (Vaspin-Ad) ameliorated intimal proliferation of balloon-injured carotid arteries in diabetic Wistar rats. The expression of Ccl2, Pdgfb, and Pdgfrb genes was significantly reduced by the treatment of Vaspin-Ad. In cuff-injured femoral arteries, the intimal proliferation was ameliorated in vaspin transgenic (Vaspin Tg) mice. The application of recombinant vaspin and Vaspin-Ad promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of human aortic endothelial cells. Adenovirus expressing vaspin with calmodulin and streptavidin-binding peptides was applied to human aortic endothelial cells, subjected to tandem tag purification and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and we identified GRP78 (78-kDa glucose-regulated protein) as an interacting molecule. The complex formation of vaspin, GRP78, and voltage-dependent anion channel on the plasma membrane was confirmed by the immunoprecipitation studies using aortas of Vaspin Tg mice. The binding assay using (125)I-vaspin in human aortic endothelial cells revealed high-affinity binding (dissociation constant = 0.565×10(-9) m) by the treatment of 5 μM thapsigargin, which recruited GRP78 from the endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. In human aortic endothelial cells, vaspin induced phosphorylation of Akt and inhibited the kringle 5-induced Ca(2+) influx and subsequent apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Vaspin is a novel ligand for the cell-surface GRP78/voltage-dependent anion channel complex in endothelial cells and promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and protects vascular injuries in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Nakatsuka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Cai WB, Zhang Y, Cheng R, Wang Z, Fang SH, Xu ZM, Yang X, Yang ZH, Ma JX, Shao CK, Gao GQ. Dual inhibition of plasminogen kringle 5 on angiogenesis and chemotaxis suppresses tumor metastasis by targeting HIF-1α pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53152. [PMID: 23300882 PMCID: PMC3534244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We had demonstrated that plasminogen kringle 5 (K5), a potent angiogenic inhibitor, inhibited retinal neovascularization and hepatocellular carcinoma growth by anti-angiogenesis. The current study investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of K5 on both tumor growth and spontaneous pulmonary metastasis in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) implanted mouse model. Similarly, K5 could decrease expression of VEGF in LLC cells and grafted tissues and suppress tumor angiogenesis and growth. K5 had no direct effect on proliferation and apoptosis of LLC. However, K5 could significantly inhibit SDF-1α-induced chemotaxis movement of LLC cells and resulted in a great reduction of surface metastatic nodules and micrometastases in the lungs of LLC tumor-bearing mice. K5 also decreased expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) in LLC cells and grafted tissues. Furthermore, K5 down-regulated SDF-1α expression in metastatic lung tissues of LLC-bearing mice. Therefore, K5 may suppress tumor pulmonary metastasis through inhibiting SDF-1α-CXCR4 chemotaxis movement and down-regulation of VEGF. Moreover, the role of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a crucial transcriptional factor for both VEGF and CXCR4 expression, was evaluated. The siRNA of HIF-1α attenuated expression of VEGF and CXCR4 and inhibited LLC migration. K5 decreased HIF-1α protein level and impaired nuclear HIF-1α accumulation. These results showed for the first time that K5 inhibits LLC growth and metastasis via the dual effects of anti-angiogenesis and suppression of tumor cell motility by targeting the pivotal molecule, HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Huan Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- DME Center, Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zu-Min Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecules from Marine Microorganisms (Sun Yat-sen University), Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Han Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GQG); (CKS)
| | - Guo-Quan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GQG); (CKS)
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Mizrachi D. VDAC1: from structure to cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2012; 2:164. [PMID: 23233904 PMCID: PMC3516065 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review current evidence pointing to the function of VDAC1 in cell life and death, and highlight these functions in relation to cancer. Found at the outer mitochondrial membrane, VDAC1 assumes a crucial position in the cell, controlling the metabolic cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. Moreover, its location at the boundary between the mitochondria and the cytosol enables VDAC1 to interact with proteins that mediate and regulate the integration of mitochondrial functions with other cellular activities. As a metabolite transporter, VDAC1 contributes to the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. This is reflected by VDAC1 over-expression in many cancer types, and by inhibition of tumor development upon silencing VDAC1 expression. Along with regulating cellular energy production and metabolism, VDAC1 is also a key protein in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, participating in the release of apoptotic proteins and interacting with anti-apoptotic proteins. The involvement of VDAC1 in the release of apoptotic proteins located in the inter-membranal space is discussed, as is VDAC1 oligomerization as an important step in apoptosis induction. VDAC also serves as an anchor point for mitochondria-interacting proteins, some of which are also highly expressed in many cancers, such as hexokinase (HK), Bcl2, and Bcl-xL. By binding to VDAC, HK provides both metabolic benefit and apoptosis-suppressive capacity that offers the cell a proliferative advantage and increases its resistance to chemotherapy. VDAC1-based peptides that bind specifically to HK, Bcl2, or Bcl-xL abolished the cell’s abilities to bypass the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, these peptides promote cell death in a panel of genetically characterized cell lines derived from different human cancers. These and other functions point to VDAC1 as a rational target for the development of a new generation of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel ; The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer-Sheva, Israel
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28
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Kotake S, Yago T, Kawamoto M, Nanke Y. Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs, porin) expressed in the plasma membrane regulate the differentiation and function of human osteoclasts. Cell Biol Int 2012; 37:65-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kotake
- Institute of Rheumatology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 10-22 Kawada-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054 Japan
| | - Toru Yago
- Institute of Rheumatology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 10-22 Kawada-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054 Japan
| | - Manabu Kawamoto
- Institute of Rheumatology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 10-22 Kawada-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054 Japan
| | - Yuki Nanke
- Institute of Rheumatology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; 10-22 Kawada-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0054 Japan
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Gonzalez-Gronow M, Ray R, Wang F, Pizzo SV. The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) binds tissue-type plasminogen activator and promotes activation of plasminogen on the cell surface. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:498-509. [PMID: 23161549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.412502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a major pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of mitochondria, is also found in the plasma membrane of a large number of cells where in addition to its role in regulating cellular ATP release and volume control it is important for maintaining redox homeostasis. Cell surface VDAC is a receptor for plasminogen kringle 5, which promotes partial closure of the channel. In this study, we demonstrate that VDAC binds tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) on human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Binding of t-PA to VDAC induced a decrease in K(m) and an increase in the V(max) for activation of its substrate, plasminogen (Pg). This resulted in accelerated Pg activation when VDAC, t-PA, and Pg were bound together. VDAC is also a substrate for plasmin; hence, it mimics fibrin activity. Binding of t-PA to VDAC occurs between a t-PA fibronectin type I finger domain located between amino acids Ile(5) and Asn(37) and a VDAC region including amino acids (20)GYGFG(24). These VDAC residues correspond to a GXXXG repeat motif commonly found in amyloid β peptides that is necessary for aggregation when these peptides form fibrillar deposits on the cell surface. Furthermore, we also show that Pg kringle 5 is a substrate for the NADH-dependent reductase activity of VDAC. This ternary complex is an efficient proteolytic complex that may facilitate removal of amyloid β peptide deposits from the normal brain and cell debris from injured brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gonzalez-Gronow
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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Teo BKK, Goh KJ, Ng ZJ, Koo S, Yim EKF. Functional reconstruction of corneal endothelium using nanotopography for tissue-engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:2941-52. [PMID: 22522131 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction in the corneal endothelium, which controls the hydration and transparency of the cornea, is one of the common reasons for transplantation. A tissue-engineered corneal endothelium is of interest for corneal regeneration and for in vitro testing of ocular drugs. In the native environment, corneal endothelial cells interact with the nanotopography of the underlying Descemet's membrane. This study showed that nanotopography enhanced bovine corneal endothelial cell (BCEC) responses, creating a monolayer which resembled the healthy corneal endothelium. Topographies of different geometries were first tested to identify those that would elicit the most significant responses. A BCEC monolayer was then generated on both micro- and nanoscale pillars and wells. The BCEC monolayer cultured on topographies exhibited polygonal geometries with well-developed tight junction proteins. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that cells on pillars showed a higher density of microvilli, which was similar to native corneal endothelium. BCECs on nanopillars displayed a lower coefficient of variation of area (0.31) that was within the range of healthy corneal endothelium. More importantly, a BCEC monolayer cultured on nanopillars also had an enhanced Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase immunofluorescence expression, mRNA upregulation and a higher Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity. These results suggest that nanopillar substrate topography may provide relevant topographical cues, which could significantly enhance the formation and function of corneal endothelium.
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Jiang W, Jin G, Ma D, Wang F, Fu T, Chen X, Chen X, Jia K, Marikar FMMT, Hua Z. Modification of cyclic NGR tumor neovasculature-homing motif sequence to human plasminogen kringle 5 improves inhibition of tumor growth. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37132. [PMID: 22590653 PMCID: PMC3349653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood vessels in tumors express higher level of aminopeptidase N (APN) than normal tissues. Evidence suggests that the CNGRC motif is an APN ligand which targets tumor vasculature. Increased expression of APN in tumor vascular endothelium, therefore, offers an opportunity for targeted delivery of NGR peptide-linked drugs to tumors. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To determine whether an additional cyclic CNGRC sequence could improve endothelial cell homing and antitumor effect, human plasminogen kringle 5 (hPK5) was modified genetically to introduce a CNGRC motif (NGR-hPK5) and was subsequently expressed in yeast. The biological activity of NGR-hPK5 was assessed and compared with that of wild-type hPK5, in vitro and in vivo. NGR-hPK5 showed more potent antiangiogenic activity than wild-type hPK5: the former had a stronger inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration and cord formation of vascular endothelial cells, and produced a stronger antiangiogenic response in the CAM assay. To evaluate the tumor-targeting ability, both wild-type hPK5 and NGR-hPK5 were (99 m)Tc-labeled, for tracking biodistribution in the in vivo tumor model. By planar imaging and biodistribution analyses of major organs, NGR-hPK5 was found localized to tumor tissues at a higher level than wild-type hPK5 (approximately 3-fold). Finally, the effects of wild-type hPK5 and NGR-modified hPK5 on tumor growth were investigated in two tumor model systems. NGR modification improved tumor localization and, as a consequence, effectively inhibited the growth of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Colo 205) cells in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These studies indicated that the addition of an APN targeting peptide NGR sequence could improve the ability of hPK5 to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyuan Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunzhi Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Faiz M. M. T. Marikar
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Changzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Sridharan M, Bowles EA, Richards JP, Krantic M, Davis KL, Dietrich KA, Stephenson AH, Ellsworth ML, Sprague RS. Prostacyclin receptor-mediated ATP release from erythrocytes requires the voltage-dependent anion channel. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H553-9. [PMID: 22159995 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00998.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes have been implicated as controllers of vascular caliber by virtue of their ability to release the vasodilator ATP in response to local physiological and pharmacological stimuli. The regulated release of ATP from erythrocytes requires activation of a signaling pathway involving G proteins (G(i) or G(s)), adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase A, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator as well as a final conduit through which this highly charged anion exits the cell. Although pannexin 1 has been shown to be the final conduit for ATP release from human erythrocytes in response to reduced oxygen tension, it does not participate in transport of ATP following stimulation of the prostacyclin (IP) receptor in these cells, which suggests that an additional protein must be involved. Using antibodies directed against voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)1, we confirm that this protein is present in human erythrocyte membranes. To address the role of VDAC in ATP release, two structurally dissimilar VDAC inhibitors, Bcl-x(L) BH4(4-23) and TRO19622, were used. In response to the IP receptor agonists, iloprost and UT-15C, ATP release was inhibited by both VDAC inhibitors although neither iloprost-induced cAMP accumulation nor total intracellular ATP concentration were altered. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that VDAC is the ATP conduit in the IP receptor-mediated signaling pathway in human erythrocytes. In addition, neither the pannexin inhibitor carbenoxolone nor Bcl-x(L) BH4(4-23) attenuated ATP release in response to incubation of erythrocytes with the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol, suggesting the presence of yet another channel for ATP release from human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Sridharan
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, MO 63104, USA.
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Gu X, Yao Y, Cheng R, Zhang Y, Dai Z, Wan G, Yang Z, Cai W, Gao G, Yang X. Plasminogen K5 activates mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in endothelial cells by regulating Bak and Bcl-x(L) subcellular distribution. Apoptosis 2011; 16:846-55. [PMID: 21656147 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasminogen Kringle 5(K5) is a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, which displays potent anti-angiogenic activities. K5 has been shown to induce apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells; however the exact mechanism has not been well explored. The present study was designed to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism of K5-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Our results showed that K5 inhibited basic fibroblast growth factors activated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), indicating proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induced endothelial cell death via apoptosis. K5 exposure activated caspase 7, 8 and 9. These results suggested that both the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and extrinsic pathway might be involved in K5-induced apoptosis. K5 reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of HUVECs, demonstrating mitochondrial depolarization in HUVECs. K5 increased the ratio of Bak to Bcl-x(L) on mitochondria, decreased the ratio in cytosol, and had no effect on the total amounts of these proteins. K5 also did not effect on Bax/Bcl-2 distribution. K5 increased the ratio of Bak to Bcl-x(L) on mitochondrial that resulted in mitochondrial depolarization, cytochrome c release and consequently the cleavage of caspase 9. These results suggested that K5 induces endothelial cell apoptosis at least in part via activating mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The regulation of K5 on Bak and Bcl-x(L) distribution may play an important role in endothelial cell apoptosis. These results provide further insight into the anti-angiogenesis roles of K5 in angiogenesis-related ocular diseases and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Sabirov RZ, Merzlyak PG. Plasmalemmal VDAC controversies and maxi-anion channel puzzle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:1570-80. [PMID: 21986486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The maxi-anion channel has been observed in many cell types from the very beginning of the patch-clamp era. The channel is highly conductive for chloride and thus can modulate the resting membrane potential and play a role in fluid secretion/absorption and cell volume regulation. A wide nanoscopic pore of the maxi-anion channel permits passage of excitatory amino acids and nucleotides. The channel-mediated release of these signaling molecules is associated with kidney tubuloglomerular feedback, cardiac ischemia/hypoxia, as well as brain ischemia/hypoxia and excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Despite the ubiquitous expression and physiological/pathophysiological significance, the molecular identity of the maxi-anion channel is still obscure. VDAC is primarily a mitochondrial protein; however several groups detected it on the cellular surface. VDAC in lipid bilayers reproduced the most important biophysical properties of the maxi-anion channel, such as a wide nano-sized pore, closure in response to moderately high voltages, ATP-block and ATP-permeability. However, these similarities turned out to be superficial, and the hypothesis of plasmalemmal VDAC as the maxi-anion channel did not withstand the test by genetic manipulations of VDAC protein expression. VDAC on the cellular surface could also function as a ferricyanide reductase or a receptor for plasminogen kringle 5 and for neuroactive steroids. These ideas, as well as the very presence of VDAC on plasmalemma, remain to be scrutinized by genetic manipulations of the VDAC protein expression. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: VDAC structure, function, and regulation of mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshan Z Sabirov
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Pysiology and Biphysics, Academy of Science, RUz, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
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Guo R, Ma Y, Zhang R, Liang S, Shen H, Xu H, Li B. Rhenium-188 labeled recombinant human plasminogen kringle5 (rhk5) and preliminary biodistribution. Evaluation in mice bearing A549 tumours. Nuklearmedizin 2011; 50:234-9. [PMID: 21808809 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0349-10-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Angiogenesis plays a critical role in tumour formation and metastasis. Suitable radiolabeled angiogenesis inhibitor can be used for noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis and radionuclide therapy. Here we prepare rhenium-188 labeled recombinant human plasminogen kringle5 (188Re-rhk5) in a convenient manner than evaluate its properties in A549 lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS 188Re-rhk5 was obtained by conjugating His group at the C end of rhk5 with fac-[188Re(H2O)3(CO)3]+. Chelating efficiency of fac-[188Re(H2O)3(CO)3]+ and radiolabeling efficiency of 188Re-rhk5 were measured by radio thin-layer chromatography (RTLC). In vitro stability of 188Re-rhk5 was determined in human serum at 37°C and analyzed by RTLC. Competition test was also performed to verify the specificity of binding. A biodistribution study was carried out in nude mice bearing A549 lung adenocarcinoma. RESULTS 188Re-rhk5 was obtained with a radiolabel efficiency of 66.1%, the radiochemical purity (RCP) can reach 95.2% after purification. 188Re-rhk5 showed high stability in human serum, the RCP was more than 80% even 12 h after incubation. Competition test showed a high binding specificity. Furthermore, this radio-complex was excreted mainly through kidneys and showed specific tumour uptake in mice bearing A549 tumours. CONCLUSION 188Re-rhk5 was prepared by a simple method. Preliminary biodistribution results showed its potential as an agent for possible tumour imaging, therapy and encouraged further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Del Principe D, Avigliano L, Savini I, Catani MV. Trans-plasma membrane electron transport in mammals: functional significance in health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2289-318. [PMID: 20812784 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trans-plasma membrane electron transport (t-PMET) has been established since the 1960s, but it has only been subject to more intensive research in the last decade. The discovery and characterization at the molecular level of its novel components has increased our understanding of how t-PMET regulates distinct cellular functions. This review will give an update on t-PMET, with particular emphasis on how its malfunction relates to some diseases, such as cancer, abnormal cell death, cardiovascular diseases, aging, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and genetically linked pathologies. Understanding these relationships may provide novel therapeutic approaches for pathologies associated with unbalanced redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Del Principe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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37
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Liu B, Wang P, Wang Z, Zhang W. The use of anti-VDAC2 antibody for the combined assessment of human sperm acrosome integrity and ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16985. [PMID: 21347391 PMCID: PMC3036732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is mainly located in the mitochondrial outer membrane and participates in many biological processes. In mammals, three VDAC subtypes (VDAC1, 2 and 3) have been identified. Although VDAC has been extensively studied in various tissues and cells, there is little knowledge about the distribution and function of VDAC in male mammalian reproductive system. Several studies have demonstrated that VDAC exists in mammalian spermatozoa and is implicated in spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, motility and fertilization. However, there is no knowledge about the respective localization and function of three VDAC subtypes in human spermatozoa. In this study, we focused on the presence of VDAC2 in human spermatozoa and its possible role in the acrosomal integrity and acrosome reaction using specific anti-VDAC2 monoclonal antibody for the first time. The results exhibited that native VDAC2 existed in the membrane components of human spermatozoa. The co-incubation of spermatozoa with anti-VDAC2 antibody did not affect the acrosomal integrity and acrosome reaction, but inhibited ionophore A23187-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase. Our study suggested that VDAC2 was located in the acrosomal membrane or plasma membrane of human spermatozoa, and played putative roles in sperm functions through mediating Ca2+ transmembrane transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianjiang Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (ZW)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (ZW)
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Chen JS, Hwang JC, Chang LC, Wu CC, Lin YF. Attributes of antiangiogenic factor plasminogen kringle 5 in glomerulonephritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010; 134:1804-12. [PMID: 21128779 DOI: 10.5858/2009-0490-oar.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plasminogen kringle domain (K) 5 is known to inhibit endothelial cell growth, but limited data are available investigating the relationship between K5 and glomerulonephritis (GN). OBJECTIVE To understand the relationships among K5, GN, and glomerular endothelial cells in GN mice models and human subjects. DESIGN Two mice models of GN and 2 categories of human GN biopsy samples were collected to gain insight into the disease mechanism from the laboratory to bedside. In the mechanistic animal study, membranous nephropathy (MN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis mice models were used. Kringle domain 5 in the diseased kidney was located by immunofluorescence and quantified by Western blotting. In the kinetic animal study, different MN time points were stained with K5, immunoglobulin G, and C3 by immunofluorescence. CD31 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were evaluated by immunohistochemical double staining for alterations in the glomerular endothelial cells. Biopsy samples from patients diagnosed with antibody (Ab)-mediated and non-Ab-mediated GN were collected for K5 analysis. RESULTS The expression level of K5 was found to be significant in MN, but not in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and was markedly elevated in the diseased glomeruli along the capillary walls. Kringle domain 5 levels increased steadily with the evolution of MN, appearing after the deposition of Abs. In altered glomerular endothelial cells, CD31 decreased with the evolution of MN. In human subjects, K5 occurred only in patients with Ab GN. CONCLUSIONS Kringle domain 5 might be involved in the progression of Ab-mediated GN and associated with the alteration of MN glomerular endothelial cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shuen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liu B, Wang P, Wang Z, Jia Y, Niu X, Wang W, Zhang W. Analysis and difference of voltage-dependent anion channel mRNA in ejaculated spermatozoa from normozoospermic fertile donors and infertile patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. J Assist Reprod Genet 2010; 27:719-24. [PMID: 20809416 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-010-9466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE to analyze the abundance and difference of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) mRNA in ejaculated spermatozoa from normozoospermic fertile donors and infertile patients with idiopathic asthenozoospermia. METHODS high motile and low motile spermatozoa were separated respectively from ejaculates of 36 donors and 40 patients using a discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. Real-Time PCR was performed to detect mRNA abundance and difference of three VDAC subtypes between two groups with different sperm motility. RESULTS real-Time PCR demonstrated that three VDAC mRNAs were present in mature spermatozoa. The VDAC2 mRNA level in ejaculated spermatozoa of patients was significantly higher than that of donors. No significant differences of VDAC1 and VDAC3 mRNA levels were found between two groups. CONCLUSION the high abundance of VDAC2 mRNA seemed to have a positive correlation with low sperm motility. The abnormal expression of VDAC might be related to male infertility with idiopathic asthenozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianjiang Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Liu B, Zhang W, Wang Z. Voltage-dependent anion channel in mammalian spermatozoa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 397:633-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gerber SS, Lejon S, Locher M, Schaller J. The human alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor: functional characterization of the unique plasmin(ogen)-binding region. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1505-18. [PMID: 20112045 PMCID: PMC11115796 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor (A2PI) possesses unique N- and C-terminal extensions that significantly influence its biological activities. The C-terminal segment, A2PIC (Asn(398)-Lys(452)), contains six lysines thought to be involved in the binding to lysine-binding sites in the kringle domains of human plasminogen, of which four (Lys(422), Lys(429), Lys(436), Lys(452)) are completely and two (Lys(406), Lys(415)) are partially conserved. Multiple Lys to Ala mutants of A2PIC were expressed in Escherichia coli and used in intrinsic fluorescence titrations with kringle domains K1, K4, K4 + 5, and K1 + 2 + 3 of human plasminogen. We were able to identify the C-terminal Lys(452) as the main binding partner in recombinant A2PIC (rA2PIC) constructs with isolated kringles. We could show a cooperative, zipper-like enhancement of the interaction between C-terminal Lys(452) and internal Lys(436) of rA2PIC and isolated K1 + 2 + 3, whereas the other internal lysine residues contribute only to a minor extent to the binding process. Sulfated Tyr(445) in the unique C-terminal segment revealed no influence on the binding affinity to kringle domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S. Gerber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Lejon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Locher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johann Schaller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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VDAC, a multi-functional mitochondrial protein regulating cell life and death. Mol Aspects Med 2010; 31:227-85. [PMID: 20346371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past decade has extended the prevailing view of the mitochondrion to include functions well beyond the generation of cellular energy. It is now recognized that mitochondria play a crucial role in cell signaling events, inter-organellar communication, aging, cell proliferation, diseases and cell death. Thus, mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and serve as the venue for cellular decisions leading to cell life or death. One of the mitochondrial proteins controlling cell life and death is the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), also known as mitochondrial porin. VDAC, located in the mitochondrial outer membrane, functions as gatekeeper for the entry and exit of mitochondrial metabolites, thereby controlling cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. VDAC is also a key player in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Thus, in addition to regulating the metabolic and energetic functions of mitochondria, VDAC appears to be a convergence point for a variety of cell survival and cell death signals mediated by its association with various ligands and proteins. In this article, we review what is known about the VDAC channel in terms of its structure, relevance to ATP rationing, Ca(2+) homeostasis, protection against oxidative stress, regulation of apoptosis, involvement in several diseases and its role in the action of different drugs. In light of our recent findings and the recently solved NMR- and crystallography-based 3D structures of VDAC1, the focus of this review will be on the central role of VDAC in cell life and death, addressing VDAC function in the regulation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis with an emphasis on structure-function relations. Understanding structure-function relationships of VDAC is critical for deciphering how this channel can perform such a variety of functions, all important for cell life and death. This review also provides insight into the potential of VDAC1 as a rational target for new therapeutics.
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De Pinto V, Messina A, Lane DJ, Lawen A. Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel (VDAC) in the plasma membrane. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:1793-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a potential receptor for targeting therapy in cancer and chronic vascular disease due to its overexpression at the cell surface in tumor cells and in atherosclerotic lesions. Presence of the GRP78 autoantibody in cancer patient sera is generally associated with poor prognosis since it signals a prosurvival mechanism in response to cellular stress. Association of GRP78 with various binding partners involves coordination of multiple signaling pathways that result in either cell survival or cell death. Binding of activated alpha2-macroglobulin to cell-surface GRP78 activates Akt to suppress apoptotic pathways through multiple downstream effectors, and concomitantly upregulates NF-kappaBeta and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) so that cell proliferation prevails. Interaction of GRP78 with cell-surface T-cadherin promotes endothelial cell survival. Association of oncogenic Cripto with GRP78 nullifies TGF-beta superfamily-dependent signaling through Smad2/3 to promote cell proliferation. In contrast, association of GRP78 with the plasminogen kringle 5 domain or extracellular Par-4 promotes apoptosis. Interaction of GRP78 with microplasminogen induces the UPR while association with tissue factor inhibits procoagulant activity. The diverse and multiple binding proteins of GRP78 and their equally diverse functional outcomes reflect the regulatory cellular functions that GRP78 orchestrates. Several GRP78 targeting peptides have been isolated from different tumors and they show remarkable tumor specificity. Conjugation of GRP78-targeting peptides to an apoptosis-inducing peptide suppresses tumor growth in tumor xenografts, thereby demonstrating that GRP78 is a viable target by which clinical cancer therapies can be successfully developed as well as its potential utility in treating vascular disease.
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McFarland BC, Stewart J, Hamza A, Nordal R, Davidson DJ, Henkin J, Gladson CL. Plasminogen kringle 5 induces apoptosis of brain microvessel endothelial cells: sensitization by radiation and requirement for GRP78 and LRP1. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5537-45. [PMID: 19549899 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant plasminogen kringle 5 (rK5) has been shown to induce apoptosis of dermal microvessel endothelial cells (MvEC) in a manner that requires glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). As we are interested in antiangiogenic therapy for glioblastoma tumors, and the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy can be enhanced when combined with radiation, we investigated the proapoptotic effects of rK5 combined with radiation on brain MvEC. We found that rK5 treatment of brain MvEC induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that prior irradiation significantly sensitized (500-fold) the cells to rK5-induced apoptosis. The rK5-induced apoptosis of both unirradiated and irradiated MvEC required expression of GRP78 and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a scavenger receptor, based on down-regulation studies with small interfering RNA, and blocking studies with either a GRP78 antibody or a competitive inhibitor of ligand binding to LRP1. Furthermore, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was found to be a necessary downstream effector for rK5-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that irradiation sensitizes brain MvEC to the rK5-induced apoptosis and that this signal requires LRP1 internalization of GRP78 and the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Our findings suggest that prior irradiation would have a dose-sparing effect on rK5 antiangiogenic therapy for brain tumors and further suggest that the effects of rK5 would be tumor specific, as the expression of GRP78 protein is up-regulated on the brain MvEC in glioblastoma tumor biopsies compared with the normal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden C McFarland
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Warder SE, Tucker LA, Strelitzer TJ, McKeegan EM, Meuth JL, Jung PM, Saraf A, Singh B, Lai-Zhang J, Gagne G, Rogers JC. Reducing agent-mediated precipitation of high-abundance plasma proteins. Anal Biochem 2009; 387:184-93. [PMID: 19454248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of high-abundance proteins is regarded as a critical sample preparation step for most plasma proteomic analyses and profiling strategies. This report describes a process that rapidly and reproducibly precipitates high-abundance disulfide-rich proteins, including albumin and transferrin, from serum and plasma. A low volume of concentrated reducing agent, viz. dithiothreitol (DTT) or tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), was added directly to plasma followed by a brief incubation at ambient temperature. Removal of the precipitate via centrifugation and identification of the protein content revealed an albumin-enriched pellet. Direct analysis of the supernatant by MALDI-TOF-MS afforded peptidome and small protein profiles with enhanced features and minimal ionization of full-length albumin. The reproducible and quantitative nature of the method has been demonstrated by monitoring the plasma levels of an antiangiogenic protein biologic, rKringle5 (rK5). The 10.5-kDa analyte was only reliably detected in plasma after treatment with reducing agent, ionizing linearly from 150 to 1200 fmol (on-target) with a mean CV of 7%. This method distinguishes itself from immunoaffinity resin-based approaches since it can be scaled to large milliliter quantities and it is compatible with plasma from all species tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Warder
- Advanced Technology, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Sabirov RZ, Okada Y. The maxi-anion channel: a classical channel playing novel roles through an unidentified molecular entity. J Physiol Sci 2009; 59:3-21. [PMID: 19340557 PMCID: PMC10717152 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-008-0008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The maxi-anion channel is widely expressed and found in almost every part of the body. The channel is activated in response to osmotic cell swelling, to excision of the membrane patch, and also to some other physiologically and pathophysiologically relevant stimuli, such as salt stress in kidney macula densa as well as ischemia/hypoxia in heart and brain. Biophysically, the maxi-anion channel is characterized by a large single-channel conductance of 300-400 pS, which saturates at 580-640 pS with increasing the Cl(-) concentration. The channel discriminates well between Na(+) and Cl(-), but is poorly selective to other halides exhibiting weak electric-field selectivity with an Eisenman's selectivity sequence I. The maxi-anion channel has a wide pore with an effective radius of approximately 1.3 nm and permits passage not only of Cl(-) but also of some intracellular large organic anions, thereby releasing major extracellular signals and gliotransmitters such as glutamate(-) and ATP(4-). The channel-mediated efflux of these signaling molecules is associated with kidney tubuloglomerular feedback, cardiac ischemia/hypoxia, as well as brain ischemia/hypoxia and excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Despite the ubiquitous expression, well-defined properties and physiological/pathophysiological significance of this classical channel, the molecular entity has not been identified. Molecular identification of the maxi-anion channel is an urgent task that would greatly promote investigation in the fields not only of anion channel but also of physiological/pathophysiological signaling in the brain, heart and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshan Z. Sabirov
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Biophysics, Tashkent, 100095 Uzbekistan
| | - Yasunobu Okada
- Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
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Berridge MV, Herst PM, Lawen A. Targeting mitochondrial permeability in cancer drug development. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 53:76-86. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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49
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Liu B, Wang Z, Zhang W, Wang X. Expression and localization of voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC) in human spermatozoa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 378:366-70. [PMID: 19013129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), also known as mitochondrial porins, are a group of proteins first identified in the mitochondrial outer membrane that are able to form hydrophilic pore structures. VDAC allow the passage of the metabolites across the mitochondrial outer membrane, and are involved in metabolite transport and signal transduction. Several recent studies have indicated the important roles of VDAC in maintaining normal structure and motility of mammalian spermatozoa. To study the expression and localization of VDAC in human spermatozoa, different experimental approaches were applied: (1) specific primers were designed and VDAC gene sequences were cloned by PCR amplification from human testis cDNA library; (2) recombinant VDAC proteins were produced in the expression vector Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3); (3) human sperm VDAC proteins were extracted, separated and analyzed by Western blotting; (4) the localization of VDAC in human spermatozoa were detected using immunofluorescence. The three gene sequences and recombinant VDAC proteins were obtained, respectively. VDAC proteins were detected to be located in human spermatozoa, especially in sperm flagella. Our study elucidated for the first time that VDAC were synthesized and secreted at the testis level and eventually became an integral part of sperm proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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50
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Activity-induced synaptic capture and exocytosis of the neuronal serine protease neurotrypsin. J Neurosci 2008; 28:1568-79. [PMID: 18272678 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3398-07.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular proteolysis plays an essential role in synaptic remodeling that is indispensable for cognitive function. The extracellular serine protease neurotrypsin was implicated in cognitive function, because humans lacking a functional form of neurotrypsin suffer from severe mental retardation. By immunoelectron microscopy, neurotrypsin has been localized to presynaptic terminals, suggesting a local proteolytic function after its synaptic release. Here, we studied axonal trafficking and synaptic exocytosis of neurotrypsin by live imaging of hippocampal neurons expressing neurotrypsin fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein or its pH-sensitive variant, superecliptic pHluorin. In differentiated neurons, we identified neurotrypsin in mobile transport vesicles along axons and in both an intracellular and an extracellular pool at synapses. Short depolarization triggered rapid synaptic exocytosis of neurotrypsin. Once externalized, neurotrypsin lingered at its synaptic release site for several minutes before it disappeared. Cell depolarization also enhanced synaptic capture of intracellular neurotrypsin transport vesicles, and elevated synaptic activity increased both number and motility of mobile axonal neurotrypsin vesicles. We further observed trading of neurotrypsin vesicles between adjacent synapses. These activities may support the replenishment of neurotrypsin after activity-induced synaptic exocytosis. Together, the activity-dependent recruitment of neurotrypsin to synapses and its exocytosis and transient persistence at its synaptic release site argue for a spatially and temporally restricted proteolytic action at the synapse. Thereby, neurotrypsin may play a role in activity-dependent remodeling of the synaptic circuitry that is key to adaptive synaptic changes in the context of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory.
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