1
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Deng J, Liu J, Chen W, Liang Q, He Y, Sun G. Effects of Natural Products through Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Attenuation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1627-1650. [PMID: 38774483 PMCID: PMC11108075 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s388920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
With ever-increasing intensive studies of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), significant progresses have been made. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)/unfolded protein reaction (UPR) is associated with the development and progression of IPF, and targeting ERS/UPR may be beneficial in the treatment of IPF. Natural product is a tremendous source of new drug discovery, and accumulating studies have reported that many natural products show potential therapeutic effects for IPF via modulating one or more branches of the ERS signaling pathway. Therefore, this review focuses on critical roles of ERS in IPF development, and summarizes herbal preparations and bioactive compounds which protect against IPF through regulating ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiuLing Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - WanSheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuQiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People’s Republic of China
| | - GuangChun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Diesler R, Legendre M, Si-Mohamed S, Brillet PY, Wemeau L, Manali ED, Gagnadoux F, Hirschi S, Lorillon G, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Bironneau V, Blanchard E, Bourdin A, Dominique S, Justet A, Macey J, Marchand-Adam S, Morisse-Pradier H, Nunes H, Papiris SA, Traclet J, Traore I, Crestani B, Amselem S, Nathan N, Borie R, Cottin V. Similarities and differences of interstitial lung disease associated with pathogenic variants in SFTPC and ABCA3 in adults. Respirology 2024; 29:312-323. [PMID: 38345107 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Variants in surfactant genes SFTPC or ABCA3 are responsible for interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children and adults, with few studies in adults. METHODS We conducted a multicentre retrospective study of all consecutive adult patients diagnosed with ILD associated with variants in SFTPC or ABCA3 in the French rare pulmonary diseases network, OrphaLung. Variants and chest computed tomography (CT) features were centrally reviewed. RESULTS We included 36 patients (median age: 34 years, 20 males), 22 in the SFTPC group and 14 in the ABCA3 group. Clinical characteristics were similar between groups. Baseline median FVC was 59% ([52-72]) and DLco was 44% ([35-50]). An unclassifiable pattern of fibrosing ILD was the most frequent on chest CT, found in 85% of patients, however with a distinct phenotype with ground-glass opacities and/or cysts. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia were the most common histological patterns in the ABCA3 group and in the SFTPC group, respectively. Annually, FVC and DLCO declined by 1.87% and 2.43% in the SFTPC group, respectively, and by 0.72% and 0.95% in the ABCA3 group, respectively (FVC, p = 0.014 and DLCO , p = 0.004 for comparison between groups). Median time to death or lung transplantation was 10 years in the SFTPC group and was not reached at the end of follow-up in the ABCA3 group. CONCLUSION SFTPC and ABCA3-associated ILD present with a distinct phenotype and prognosis. A radiologic pattern of fibrosing ILD with ground-glass opacities and/or cysts is frequently found in these rare conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Diesler
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Hospices civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR754, INRAE, ERN-LUNG, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Legendre
- U.F. de Génétique moléculaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, UMR_S933, Inserm, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Salim Si-Mohamed
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Brillet
- Service de Radiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Lidwine Wemeau
- CHU Lille, Service de Pneumologie et Immuno-Allergologie, Centre de Référence Constitutif des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hôpital Calmette, Lille, France
| | - Effrosyni D Manali
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, General University Hospital "Attikon," Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Frédéric Gagnadoux
- Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sandrine Hirschi
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gwenaël Lorillon
- National Reference Centre for Histiocytoses, Pulmonary Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Martine Reynaud-Gaubert
- Service de Pneumologie, Équipe de Transplantation Pulmonaire, Centre de Compétence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Aix-Marseille Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, CHU Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Vanessa Bironneau
- Service de Pneumologie CHU de Poitiers, INSERM CIC 1402, IS-ALIVE Research Group, Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine et Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
| | - Elodie Blanchard
- Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and PhyMedExp, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Aurélien Justet
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU de Caen, Centre de compétence des maladies pulmonaires rares, ISTCT, UMR6030-CNRS-CEA-Université de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Julie Macey
- Respiratory Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis Center, University Hospital Center of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvain Marchand-Adam
- Service de Pneumologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, CHU Tours, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | - Hilario Nunes
- Service de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, Centre Constitutif Maladies Pulmonaires Rares de l'Adulte, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Avicenne, Paris, France
| | - Spyros A Papiris
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, General University Hospital "Attikon," Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Julie Traclet
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Hospices civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ibrahim Traore
- Service de Pneumologie, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Service de Pneumologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- U.F. de Génétique moléculaire, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, UMR_S933, Inserm, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Nathan
- Childhood Genetic Diseases, UMR_S933, Inserm, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department and Reference Center for Rare Lung Diseases and Laboratory of Childhood Genetic Diseases Inserm UMR_S933, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Borie
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1152, Laboratoire D'Excellence Inflamex, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Référence Constitutif des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Apollo, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Hospices civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR754, INRAE, ERN-LUNG, Lyon, France
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3
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Hosokawa M, Mikawa R, Hagiwara A, Okuno Y, Awaya T, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi S, Yamaki H, Osawa M, Setoguchi Y, Saito MK, Abe S, Hirai T, Gotoh S, Hagiwara M. Cryptotanshinone is a candidate therapeutic agent for interstitial lung disease associated with a BRICHOS-domain mutation of SFTPC. iScience 2023; 26:107731. [PMID: 37701577 PMCID: PMC10494175 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a large group of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lungs, for which therapeutic options are limited. Among several causative genes of familial ILD with autosomal dominant inheritance, the mutations in the BRICHOS domain of SFTPC cause protein accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress by misfolding its proprotein. Through a screening system using these two phenotypes in HEK293 cells and evaluation using alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells differentiated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we identified Cryptotanshinone (CPT) as a potential therapeutic agent for ILD. CPT decreased cell death induced by mutant SFTPC overexpression in A549 and HEK293 cells and ameliorated the bleomycin-induced contraction of the matrix in fibroblast-dependent alveolar organoids derived from iPSCs with SFTPC mutation. CPT and this screening strategy can apply to abnormal protein-folding-associated ILD and other protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Hosokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Functional Genomics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Ryuta Mikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okuno
- Medical Research Support Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomonari Awaya
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Senye Takahashi
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Setoguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Tokyo, Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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4
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Lim K, Rutherford EN, Sun D, Van den Boomen DJH, Edgar JR, Bang JH, Matesic LE, Lee JH, Lehner PJ, Marciniak SJ, Rawlins EL, Dickens JA. A novel human fetal lung-derived alveolar organoid model reveals mechanisms of surfactant protein C maturation relevant to interstitial lung disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555522. [PMID: 37693487 PMCID: PMC10491189 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells maintain lung health by acting as stem cells and producing pulmonary surfactant1-3. AT2 dysfunction underlies many lung diseases including interstitial lung disease (ILD), in which some inherited forms result from mislocalisation of surfactant protein C (SFTPC) variants4,5. Disease modelling and dissection of mechanisms remains challenging due to complexities in deriving and maintaining AT2 cells ex vivo. Here, we describe the development of expandable adult AT2-like organoids derived from human fetal lung which are phenotypically stable, can differentiate into AT1-like cells and are genetically manipulable. We use these organoids to test key effectors of SFTPC maturation identified in a forward genetic screen including the E3 ligase ITCH, demonstrating that their depletion phenocopies the pathological SFTPC redistribution seen for the SFTPC-I73T variant. In summary, we demonstrate the development of a novel alveolar organoid model and use it to identify effectors of SFTPC maturation necessary for AT2 health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungtae Lim
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | | | - Dawei Sun
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Current address: Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dick J H Van den Boomen
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University, LHRRB building, 45 Shattuck Street, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - James R Edgar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jae Hak Bang
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Lydia E Matesic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Road, Trumpington, CB2 0AY
| | - Emma L Rawlins
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Road, Trumpington, CB2 0AY
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5
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Katzen J, Rodriguez L, Tomer Y, Babu A, Zhao M, Murthy A, Carson P, Barrett M, Basil MC, Carl J, Leach JP, Morley M, McGraw MD, Mulugeta S, Pelura T, Rosen G, Morrisey EE, Beers MF. Disruption of proteostasis causes IRE1 mediated reprogramming of alveolar epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123187119. [PMID: 36252035 PMCID: PMC9618079 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123187119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of alveolar type 2 cell (AEC2) protein quality control has been implicated in chronic lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). We previously reported the in vivo modeling of a clinical surfactant protein C (SP-C) mutation that led to AEC2 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and spontaneous lung fibrosis, providing proof of concept for disruption to proteostasis as a proximal driver of PF. Using two clinical SP-C mutation models, we have now discovered that AEC2s experiencing significant ER stress lose quintessential AEC2 features and develop a reprogrammed cell state that heretofore has been seen only as a response to lung injury. Using single-cell RNA sequencing in vivo and organoid-based modeling, we show that this state arises de novo from intrinsic AEC2 dysfunction. The cell-autonomous AEC2 reprogramming can be attenuated through inhibition of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) signaling as the use of an IRE1α inhibitor reduced the development of the reprogrammed cell state and also diminished AEC2-driven recruitment of granulocytes, alveolitis, and lung injury. These findings identify AEC2 proteostasis, and specifically IRE1α signaling through its major product XBP-1, as a driver of a key AEC2 phenotypic change that has been identified in lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Katzen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Luis Rodriguez
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Ming Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Aditi Murthy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Paige Carson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Matthew Barrett
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Maria C Basil
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | - Justine Carl
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - John P Leach
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Michael Morley
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Matthew D McGraw
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Surafel Mulugeta
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
| | | | | | - Edward E Morrisey
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Michael F Beers
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,19104
- Penn-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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6
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Sitaraman S, Alysandratos KD, Wambach JA, Limberis MP. Gene Therapeutics for Surfactant Dysfunction Disorders: Targeting the Alveolar Type 2 Epithelial Cell. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1011-1022. [PMID: 36166236 PMCID: PMC9595619 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction result in significant morbidity and mortality, among infants, children, and adults. Available medical interventions are limited, nonspecific, and generally ineffective. As such, the need for effective therapies remains. Pathogenic variants in the SFTPB, SFTPC, and ABCA3 genes, each of which encode proteins essential for proper pulmonary surfactant production and function, result in interstitial lung disease in infants, children, and adults, and lead to morbidity and early mortality. Expression of these genes is predominantly limited to the alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cells present in the distal airspaces of the lungs, thus providing an unequivocal cellular origin of disease pathogenesis. While several treatment strategies are under development, a gene-based therapeutic holds great promise as a definitive therapy. Importantly for clinical translation, the genes associated with surfactant dysfunction are both well characterized and amenable to a gene-therapeutic-based strategy. This review focuses on the pathophysiology associated with these genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction, and also provides an overview of the current state of gene-based therapeutics designed to target and transduce the AT2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Wambach
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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Wang JY, Young LR. Insights into the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis from Genetic Diseases. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:20-35. [PMID: 35294321 PMCID: PMC9273221 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0557tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease process associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with limited therapeutic options owing to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Mechanisms driving the fibrotic cascade have been elucidated through studies of rare and common variants in surfactant-related and telomere-related genes in familial and sporadic forms of pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in multisystem Mendelian genetic disorders that present with pulmonary fibrosis. In this translational review, we outline insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis derived from genetic forms of the disease, with a focus on model systems, shared cellular and molecular mechanisms, and potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y. Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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8
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Pharmacological targeting of endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:115-140. [PMID: 34702991 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore protein homeostasis. However, the UPR also plays an important pathological role in many diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer and neurological disorders. Over the last decade, significant effort has been invested in targeting signalling proteins involved in the UPR and an array of drug-like molecules is now available. However, these molecules have limitations, the understanding of which is crucial for their development into therapies. Here, we critically review the existing ER stress and UPR-directed drug-like molecules, highlighting both their value and their limitations.
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9
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Gokey JJ, Snowball J, Sridharan A, Sudha P, Kitzmiller JA, Xu Y, Whitsett JA. YAP regulates alveolar epithelial cell differentiation and AGER via NFIB/KLF5/NKX2-1. iScience 2021; 24:102967. [PMID: 34466790 PMCID: PMC8383002 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventilation is dependent upon pulmonary alveoli lined by two major epithelial cell types, alveolar type-1 (AT1) and 2 (AT2) cells. AT1 cells mediate gas exchange while AT2 cells synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactants and serve as progenitor cells which repair the alveoli. We developed transgenic mice in which YAP was activated or deleted to determine its roles in alveolar epithelial cell differentiation. Postnatal YAP activation increased epithelial cell proliferation, increased AT1 cell numbers, and caused indeterminate differentiation of subsets of alveolar cells expressing atypical genes normally restricted to airway epithelial cells. YAP deletion increased expression of genes associated with mature AT2 cells. YAP activation enhanced DNA accessibility in promoters of transcription factors and motif enrichment analysis predicted target genes associated with alveolar cell differentiation. YAP participated with KLF5, NFIB, and NKX2-1 to regulate AGER. YAP plays a central role in a transcriptional network that regulates alveolar epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Gokey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John Snowball
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Anusha Sridharan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Parvathi Sudha
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph A. Kitzmiller
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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10
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Darawshy F, Rmeileh AA, Kuint R, Berkman N. Possible association between SP-C mutations and lung cancer: Two case reports and review of literature. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 29:100461. [PMID: 34600418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant protein C (SP-C) is one of four surfactant proteins produced by type II pneumocytes. Mutations in surfactant protein A are strongly associated with development of lung cancer. Mutations in the SP-C gene are rare and are associated with interstitial lung disease in the pediatric age group. We describe two patients with SP-C mutations who developed lung cancer. Both patients had concurrent interstitial lung disease, although the clinical phenotype was variable. In both cases, mutations were in translated region of the SP-C gene; one in the BRICHOS domain and the other in the transmembrane domain. Our paper suggests that patients with SP-C mutations can be at increased risk for the development of lung cancer, and it's reasonable to follow them routinely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Darawshy
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ayman Abu Rmeileh
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rottem Kuint
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neville Berkman
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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Stecker IR, Freeman MS, Sitaraman S, Hall CS, Niedbalski PJ, Hendricks AJ, Martin EP, Weaver TE, Cleveland ZI. Preclinical MRI to Quantify Pulmonary Disease Severity and Trajectories in Poorly Characterized Mouse Models: A Pedagogical Example Using Data from Novel Transgenic Models of Lung Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2021; 6-7. [PMID: 34414381 PMCID: PMC8372031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2021.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural remodeling in lung disease is progressive and heterogeneous, making temporally and spatially explicit information necessary to understand disease initiation and progression. While mouse models are essential to elucidate mechanistic pathways underlying disease, the experimental tools commonly available to quantify lung disease burden are typically invasive (e.g., histology). This necessitates large cross-sectional studies with terminal endpoints, which increases experimental complexity and expense. Alternatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides information noninvasively, thus permitting robust, repeated-measures statistics. Although lung MRI is challenging due to low tissue density and rapid apparent transverse relaxation (T2* <1 ms), various imaging methods have been proposed to quantify disease burden. However, there are no widely accepted strategies for preclinical lung MRI. As such, it can be difficult for researchers who lack lung imaging expertise to design experimental protocols-particularly for novel mouse models. Here, we build upon prior work from several research groups to describe a widely applicable acquisition and analysis pipeline that can be implemented without prior preclinical pulmonary MRI experience. Our approach utilizes 3D radial ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI with retrospective gating and lung segmentation is facilitated with a deep-learning algorithm. This pipeline was deployed to assess disease dynamics over 255 days in novel, transgenic mouse models of lung fibrosis based on disease-associated, loss-of-function mutations in Surfactant Protein-C. Previously identified imaging biomarkers (tidal volume, signal coefficient of variation, etc.) were calculated semi-automatically from these data, with an objectively-defined high signal volume identified as the most robust metric. Beyond quantifying disease dynamics, we discuss common pitfalls encountered in preclinical lung MRI and present systematic approaches to identify and mitigate these challenges. While the experimental results and specific pedagogical examples are confined to lung fibrosis, the tools and approaches presented should be broadly useful to quantify structural lung disease in a wide range of mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Stecker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Matthew S Freeman
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sneha Sitaraman
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Chase S Hall
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Peter J Niedbalski
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Alexandra J Hendricks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Emily P Martin
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Timothy E Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
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12
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van Moorsel CHM, van der Vis JJ, Grutters JC. Genetic disorders of the surfactant system: focus on adult disease. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200085. [PMID: 33597124 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0085-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes involved in the production of pulmonary surfactant are crucial for the development and maintenance of healthy lungs. Germline mutations in surfactant-related genes cause a spectrum of severe monogenic pulmonary diseases in patients of all ages. The majority of affected patients present at a very young age, however, a considerable portion of patients have adult-onset disease. Mutations in surfactant-related genes are present in up to 8% of adult patients with familial interstitial lung disease (ILD) and associate with the development of pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer.High disease penetrance and variable expressivity underscore the potential value of genetic analysis for diagnostic purposes. However, scarce genotype-phenotype correlations and insufficient knowledge of mutation-specific pathogenic processes hamper the development of mutation-specific treatment options.This article describes the genetic origin of surfactant-related lung disease and presents spectra for gene, age, sex and pulmonary phenotype of adult carriers of germline mutations in surfactant-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline H M van Moorsel
- Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Division of Hearts and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne J van der Vis
- Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Dept of Clinical Chemistry, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius ILD Center of Excellence, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Division of Hearts and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Katzen J, Beers MF. Contributions of alveolar epithelial cell quality control to pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5088-5099. [PMID: 32870817 DOI: 10.1172/jci139519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell dysfunction has emerged as a central component of the pathophysiology of diffuse parenchymal diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells represent a metabolically active lung cell population important for surfactant biosynthesis and alveolar homeostasis. AT2 cells and other distal lung epithelia, like all eukaryotic cells, contain an elegant quality control network to respond to intrinsic metabolic and biosynthetic challenges imparted by mutant protein conformers, dysfunctional subcellular organelles, and dysregulated telomeres. Failed AT2 quality control components (the ubiquitin-proteasome system, unfolded protein response, macroautophagy, mitophagy, and telomere maintenance) result in diverse cellular endophenotypes and molecular signatures including ER stress, defective autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inflammatory cell recruitment, profibrotic signaling, and altered progenitor function that ultimately converge to drive downstream fibrotic remodeling in the IPF lung. As this complex network becomes increasingly better understood, opportunities will emerge to identify targets and therapeutic strategies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Katzen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, and.,Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Choreño-Parra JA, Bobba S, Rangel-Moreno J, Ahmed M, Mehra S, Rosa B, Martin J, Mitreva M, Kaushal D, Zúñiga J, Khader SA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878 Infection Induces Human-Like B-Cell Follicles in Mice. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1636-1646. [PMID: 31832640 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific spatial organization of granulomas within the lungs is crucial for protective anti-tuberculosis (TB) immune responses. However, only large animal models such as macaques are thought to reproduce the morphological hallmarks of human TB granulomas. In this study, we show that infection of mice with clinical "hypervirulent" Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) HN878 induces human-like granulomas composed of bacilli-loaded macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes and organized localization of germinal centers and B-cell follicles. Infection with laboratory-adapted Mtb H37Rv resulted in granulomas that are characterized by unorganized clusters of macrophages scattered between lymphocytes. An in-depth exploration of the functions of B cells within these follicles suggested diverse roles and the activation of signaling pathways associated with antigen presentation and immune cell recruitment. These findings support the use of clinical Mtb HN878 strain for infection in mice as an appropriate model to study immune parameters associated with human TB granulomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Suhas Bobba
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.,Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John Martin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Division of Bacteriology and Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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15
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Polyhexamethylene Guanidine Phosphate Induces Apoptosis through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Lung Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031215. [PMID: 33530568 PMCID: PMC7865558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cell death contributes to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), commonly used as a disinfectant, has been shown to be strongly associated with lung fibrosis in epidemiological and toxicological studies. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PHMG-p-induced epithelial cell death is currently unclear. We synthesized a PHMG-p–fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate and assessed its uptake into lung epithelial A549 cells. To examine intracellular localization, the cells were treated with PHMG-p–FITC; then, the cytoplasmic organelles were counterstained and observed with confocal microscopy. Additionally, the organelle-specific cell death pathway was investigated in cells treated with PHMG-p. PHMG-p–FITC co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and PHMG-p induced ER stress in A549 cells and mice. The ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was used as a pre-treatment to verify the role of ER stress in PHMG-p-induced cytotoxicity. The cells treated with PHMG-p showed apoptosis, which was inhibited by TUDCA. Our results indicate that PHMG-p is rapidly located in the ER and causes ER-stress-mediated apoptosis, which is an initial step in PHMG-p-induced lung fibrosis.
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16
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Aghaei M, Dastghaib S, Aftabi S, Aghanoori MR, Alizadeh J, Mokarram P, Mehrbod P, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, McAlinden KD, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Sharma P, Zeki AA, Ghavami S. The ER Stress/UPR Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Life (Basel) 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 33374938 PMCID: PMC7821926 DOI: 10.3390/life11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis in the lungs is constantly disrupted by recurrent exposure to various external and internal stressors, which may cause considerable protein secretion pressure on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in the survival and differentiation of these cell types to meet the increased functional demands. Cells are able to induce a highly conserved adaptive mechanism, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), to manage such stresses. UPR dysregulation and ER stress are involved in numerous human illnesses, such as metabolic syndrome, fibrotic diseases, and neurodegeneration, and cancer. Therefore, effective and specific compounds targeting the UPR pathway are being considered as potential therapies. This review focuses on the impact of both external and internal stressors on the ER in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and discusses the role of the UPR signaling pathway activation in the control of cellular damage and specifically highlights the potential involvement of non-coding RNAs in COPD. Summaries of pathogenic mechanisms associated with the ER stress/UPR axis contributing to IPF and COPD, and promising pharmacological intervention strategies, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (M.A.); (S.A.); (J.A.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran; (S.D.); (P.M.)
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Sajjad Aftabi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (M.A.); (S.A.); (J.A.)
- Medical Physics Department, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mohamad-Reza Aghanoori
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (M.A.); (S.A.); (J.A.)
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran; (S.D.); (P.M.)
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Kielan Darcy McAlinden
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Tasmania, Australia; (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Tasmania, Australia; (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Tasmania, Australia; (K.D.M.); (M.S.E.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Davis School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, UC Davis Lung Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (M.A.); (S.A.); (J.A.)
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134845794, Iran
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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17
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Ruwisch J, Sehlmeyer K, Roldan N, Garcia-Alvarez B, Perez-Gil J, Weaver TE, Ochs M, Knudsen L, Lopez-Rodriguez E. Air Space Distension Precedes Spontaneous Fibrotic Remodeling and Impaired Cholesterol Metabolism in the Absence of Surfactant Protein C. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:466-478. [PMID: 31922895 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0358oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein (SP)-C deficiency is found in samples from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, especially in familial forms of this disease. We hypothesized that SP-C may contribute to fibrotic remodeling in aging mice and alveolar lipid homeostasis. For this purpose, we analyzed lung function, alveolar dynamics, lung structure, collagen content, and expression of genes related to lipid and cholesterol metabolism of aging SP-C knockout mice. In addition, in vitro experiments with an alveolar macrophage cell line exposed to lipid vesicles with or without cholesterol and/or SP-C were performed. Alveolar dynamics showed progressive alveolar derecruitment with age and impaired oxygen saturation. Lung structure revealed that decreasing volume density of alveolar spaces was accompanied by increasing of the ductal counterparts. Simultaneously, septal wall thickness steadily increased, and fibrotic wounds appeared in lungs from the age of 50 weeks. This remarkable phenotype is unique to the 129Sv strain, which has an increased absorption of cholesterol, linking the accumulation of cholesterol and the absence of SP-C to a fibrotic remodeling process. The findings of this study suggest that overall loss of SP-C results in an age-dependent, complex, heterogeneous phenotype characterized by a combination of overdistended air spaces and fibrotic wounds that resembles combined emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Addition of SP-C to cholesterol-laden lipid vesicles enhanced the expression of cholesterol metabolism and transport genes in an alveolar macrophage cell line, identifying a potential new lipid-protein axis involved in lung remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Ruwisch
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,BREATH (Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Sehlmeyer
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,BREATH (Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nuria Roldan
- Alveolix AG and ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre," Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Garcia-Alvarez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre," Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Perez-Gil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, and Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre," Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy E Weaver
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,BREATH (Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,BREATH (Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,BREATH (Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Sehlmeyer K, Ruwisch J, Roldan N, Lopez-Rodriguez E. Alveolar Dynamics and Beyond - The Importance of Surfactant Protein C and Cholesterol in Lung Homeostasis and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:386. [PMID: 32431623 PMCID: PMC7213507 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein C (SP-C) is an important player in enhancing the interfacial adsorption of lung surfactant lipid films to the alveolar air-liquid interface. Doing so, surface tension drops down enough to stabilize alveoli and the lung, reducing the work of breathing. In addition, it has been shown that SP-C counteracts the deleterious effect of high amounts of cholesterol in the surfactant lipid films. On its side, cholesterol is a well-known modulator of the biophysical properties of biological membranes and it has been proven that it activates the inflammasome pathways in the lung. Even though the molecular mechanism is not known, there are evidences suggesting that these two molecules may interplay with each other in order to keep the proper function of the lung. This review focuses in the role of SP-C and cholesterol in the development of lung fibrosis and the potential pathways in which impairment of both molecules leads to aberrant lung repair, and therefore impaired alveolar dynamics. From molecular to cellular mechanisms to evidences in animal models and human diseases. The evidences revised here highlight a potential SP-C/cholesterol axis as target for the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Sehlmeyer
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jannik Ruwisch
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nuria Roldan
- Alveolix AG and ARTORG Center, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Hanover, Germany
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Abstract
The interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a group of progressive disorders characterized by chronic inflammation and/or fibrosis in the lung. While some ILDs can be linked to specific environmental causes (i.e., asbestosis, silicosis), in many individuals, no culprit exposure can be identified; these patients are deemed to have "idiopathic interstitial pneumonia" (IIP). Family history is now recognized as the strongest risk factor for IIP, and IIP cases that run in families comprise a syndrome termed "familial interstitial pneumonia" (FIP). Mutations in more than 10 different genes have been implicated as responsible for disease in FIP families. Diverse ILD clinical phenotypes can be seen within a family, and available evidence suggests underlying genetic risk is the primary determinant of disease outcomes. Together, these FIP studies have provided unique insights into the pathobiology of ILDs, and brought focus on the unique issues that arise in the care of patients with FIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichelle I Winters
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashville, Tennesseeand
- Department of MedicineVeterans Affairs Medical CenterNashville, Tennessee
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21
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Shiraishi K, Nakajima T, Shichino S, Deshimaru S, Matsushima K, Ueha S. In vitro expansion of endogenous human alveolar epithelial type II cells in fibroblast-free spheroid culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:579-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Mathai SK, Schwartz DA. Translational research in pulmonary fibrosis. Transl Res 2019; 209:1-13. [PMID: 30768925 PMCID: PMC9977489 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis refers to the development of diffuse parenchymal abnormalities in the lung that cause dyspnea, cough, hypoxemia, and impair gas exchange, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. Though pulmonary fibrosis can be caused by a variety of underlying etiologies, ranging from genetic defects to autoimmune diseases to environmental exposures, once fibrosis develops it is irreversible and most often progressive, such that fibrosis of the lung is one of the leading indications for lung transplantation. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the recent advances in our understanding of the genetics and genomics of pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in particular, and how these recent discoveries may be changing the clinical approach to diagnosing and treating patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Mathai
- Interstitial Lung Disease Program, Center for Advanced Heart & Lung Disease, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas; Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine.
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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23
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Katzen J, Wagner BD, Venosa A, Kopp M, Tomer Y, Russo SJ, Headen AC, Basil MC, Stark JM, Mulugeta S, Deterding RR, Beers MF. An SFTPC BRICHOS mutant links epithelial ER stress and spontaneous lung fibrosis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126125. [PMID: 30721158 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a prominent feature in adult and pediatric interstitial lung disease (ILD and ChILD), but in vivo models linking AT2 cell ER stress to ILD have been elusive. Based on a clinical ChILD case, we identified a critical cysteine residue in the surfactant protein C gene (SFTPC) BRICHOS domain whose mutation induced ER stress in vitro. To model this in vivo, we generated a knockin mouse model expressing a cysteine-to-glycine substitution at codon 121 (C121G) in the Sftpc gene. SftpcC121G expression during fetal development resulted in a toxic gain-of-function causing fatal postnatal respiratory failure from disrupted lung morphogenesis. Induced SftpcC121G expression in adult mice resulted in an ER-retained pro-protein causing AT2 cell ER stress. SftpcC121G AT2 cells were a source of cytokines expressed in concert with development of polycellular alveolitis. These cytokines were subsequently found in a high-dimensional proteomic screen of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from ChILD patients with the same class of SFTPC mutations. Following alveolitis resolution, SftpcC121G mice developed spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis and restrictive lung impairment. This model provides proof of concept linking AT2 cell ER stress to fibrotic lung disease coupled with translationally relevant biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Katzen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brandie D Wagner
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alessandro Venosa
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan Kopp
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alvis C Headen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria C Basil
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James M Stark
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Surafel Mulugeta
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robin R Deterding
- Department of Pediatrics and Breathing Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn Center For Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Johansson J, Curstedt T. Synthetic surfactants with SP-B and SP-C analogues to enable worldwide treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and other lung diseases. J Intern Med 2019; 285:165-186. [PMID: 30357986 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) using animal-derived lung surfactant preparations has reduced the mortality of handling premature infants with RDS to a 50th of that in the 1960s. The supply of animal-derived lung surfactants is limited and only a part of the preterm babies is treated. Thus, there is a need to develop well-defined synthetic replicas based on key components of natural surfactant. A synthetic product that equals natural-derived surfactants would enable cost-efficient production and could also facilitate the development of the treatments of other lung diseases than neonatal RDS. Recently the first synthetic surfactant that contains analogues of the two hydrophobic surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and SP-C entered clinical trials for the treatment of neonatal RDS. The development of functional synthetic analogues of SP-B and SP-C, however, is considerably more challenging than anticipated 30 years ago when the first structural information of the native proteins became available. For SP-B, a complex three-dimensional dimeric structure stabilized by several disulphides has necessitated the design of miniaturized analogues. The main challenge for SP-C has been the pronounced amyloid aggregation propensity of its transmembrane region. The development of a functional non-aggregating SP-C analogue that can be produced synthetically was achieved by designing the amyloidogenic native sequence so that it spontaneously forms a stable transmembrane α-helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - T Curstedt
- Laboratory for Surfactant Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Dickens JA, Malzer E, Chambers JE, Marciniak SJ. Pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress-scars, smoke, and suffocation. FEBS J 2019; 286:322-341. [PMID: 29323786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress) can be a cause or consequence of pulmonary disease. Mutation of proteins restricted to the alveolar type II pneumocyte can lead to inherited forms of pulmonary fibrosis, but even sporadic cases of pulmonary fibrosis appear to be strongly associated with activation of the unfolded protein response and/or the integrated stress response. Inhalation of smoke can impair protein folding and may be an important cause of pulmonary ER stress. Similarly, tissue hypoxia can lead to impaired protein homeostasis (proteostasis). But the mechanisms linking smoke and hypoxia to ER stress are only partially understood. In this review, we will examine the role of ER stress in the pathogenesis of lung disease by focusing on fibrosis, smoke, and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Dickens
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Elke Malzer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph E Chambers
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan J Marciniak
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, UK
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26
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Blackwell TS. Lung injury and fibrosis induced by a mutant form of surfactant protein C. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3745-3746. [PMID: 30102252 PMCID: PMC6118571 DOI: 10.1172/jci122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mutant forms of the gene encoding surfactant protein C (SFTPC) have been linked to interstitial lung disease, the mechanisms by which the most common of these mutations, SFTPCI73T, results in lung fibrosis are uncertain. In this issue of the JCI, Nureki et al. developed a knockin mouse model and showed that SFTPCI73T is expressed by alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cells in the lungs. These mice developed an age-related fibrotic phenotype when the mutant allele was expressed at low levels and acute lung inflammation/injury followed by lung fibrosis when mutant SFTPCI73T expression was enhanced. This work provides important information regarding the impact of AT2 cell dysfunction on fibrotic remodeling in the lungs.
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27
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Nureki SI, Tomer Y, Venosa A, Katzen J, Russo SJ, Jamil S, Barrett M, Nguyen V, Kopp M, Mulugeta S, Beers MF. Expression of mutant Sftpc in murine alveolar epithelia drives spontaneous lung fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4008-4024. [PMID: 29920187 PMCID: PMC6118576 DOI: 10.1172/jci99287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell dysfunction is postulated as an important component in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Mutations in the surfactant protein C (SP-C) gene (SFTPC), an alveolar type II (AT2) cell-restricted protein, have been found in sporadic and familial IPF. To causally link these events, we developed a knockin mouse model capable of regulated expression of an IPF-associated isoleucine-to-threonine substitution at codon 73 (I73T) in Sftpc (SP-CI73T). Tamoxifen-treated SP-CI73T cohorts developed rapid increases in SftpcI73T mRNA and misprocessed proSP-CI73T protein accompanied by increased early mortality (days 7-14). This acute phase was marked by diffuse parenchymal lung injury, tissue infiltration by monocytes, polycellular alveolitis, and elevations in bronchoalveolar lavage and AT2 mRNA content of select inflammatory cytokines. Resolution of alveolitis (2-4 weeks), commensurate with a rise in TGF-β1, was followed by aberrant remodeling marked by collagen deposition, AT2 cell hyperplasia, α-smooth muscle actin-positive (α-SMA-positive) cells, and restrictive lung physiology. The translational relevance of the model was supported by detection of multiple IPF biomarkers previously reported in human cohorts. These data provide proof of principle that mutant SP-C expression in vivo causes spontaneous lung fibrosis, strengthening the role of AT2 cell dysfunction as a key upstream driver of IPF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Nureki
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yaniv Tomer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alessandro Venosa
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeremy Katzen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott J. Russo
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarita Jamil
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Barrett
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vivian Nguyen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan Kopp
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Surafel Mulugeta
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael F. Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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28
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Chen ACH, Burr L, McGuckin MA. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in respiratory disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2018; 7:e1019. [PMID: 29928501 PMCID: PMC5999202 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are related states that can occur in cells as part of normal physiology but occur frequently in diseases involving inflammation. In this article, we review recent findings relating to the role of oxidative and ER stress in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic nonmalignant diseases of the lung, including infections, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. We also explore the potential of drugs targeting oxidative and ER stress pathways to alleviate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C-H Chen
- Diamantina Institute Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Department of Cell and Molecular Therapy Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Lucy Burr
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Mater Adult Hospital and Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Raymond Tce, South Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- Inflammatory Disease Biology and Therapeutics Group Translational Research Institute Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
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29
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Burman A, Tanjore H, Blackwell TS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pulmonary fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:355-365. [PMID: 29567124 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with development and progression of fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). ER stress was first implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF >15 years ago with the discovery of disease-causing mutations in surfactant protein C, which result in a misfolded gene product in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) have been linked to lung fibrosis through regulation of AEC apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast differentiation, and M2 macrophage polarization. Although progress has been made in understanding the causes and consequences of ER stress in IPF and a number of chronic fibrotic disorders, further studies are needed to identify key factors that induce ER stress in important cell types and define critical down-stream processes and effector molecules that mediate ER stress-related phenotypes. This review discusses potential causes of ER stress induction in the lungs and current evidence linking ER stress to fibrosis in the context of individual cell types: AECs, fibroblasts, and macrophages. As our understanding of the relationship between ER stress and lung fibrosis continues to evolve, future studies will examine new strategies to modulate UPR pathways for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Burman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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30
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Kropski JA, Blackwell TS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:64-73. [PMID: 29293089 DOI: 10.1172/jci93560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain an elegant protein quality control system that is crucial in maintaining cellular homeostasis; however, dysfunction of this system results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Severe or prolonged ER stress is associated with the development of degenerative and fibrotic disorders in multiple organs, as evidenced by the identification of disease-causing mutations in epithelial-restricted genes that lead to protein misfolding or mistrafficking in familial fibrotic diseases. Emerging evidence implicates ER stress and UPR signaling in a variety of profibrotic mechanisms in individual cell types. In epithelial cells, ER stress can induce apoptosis, inflammatory signaling, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In other cell types, ER stress is linked to myofibroblast activation, macrophage polarization, and T cell differentiation. ER stress-targeted therapies have begun to emerge using approaches that range from global enhancement of chaperone function to selective targeting of activated ER stress sensors and other downstream mediators. As the complex regulatory mechanisms of this system are further clarified, there are opportunities to develop new disease-modifying therapeutic strategies in a wide range of chronic fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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31
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Mei H, Zhang Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Liu C, Song D, Xin C, Wang J, Josephs-Spaulding J, Zhu Y, Tang F. Messenger RNA sequencing reveals similar mechanisms between neonatal and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:59-70. [PMID: 29115600 PMCID: PMC5780146 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxemia and hypercarbia resulting from a lack of surfactant is considered to be the primary mechanism underlying neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Surfactant replacement therapy may mitigate the symptoms of the disease by decreasing the surface tension of alveoli and facilitating inflation. However, surfactant serves an additional role in immunological processes. Therefore, it may be hypothesized that mechanisms of NRDS involving surfactant exert additional functions to promoting alveolar inflation. Using peripheral blood obtained from mature infants with and without NRDS, in tandem with mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) analysis, the present study identified that, while cell cycle regulation and alveolar surfactants serve a role in deterring the further onset of NRDS, innate and pathogen-induced responses of the immune system are among the most important factors in the pathology. The present study illustrated the regulatory importance of these immune pathways in response to alterations in the expression of gene families, particularly in perpetual lung injury leading to NRDS. Notably, data collected from the mRNA-seq analysis revealed similar mechanisms between NRDS and acute respiratory distress syndrome, a clinical phenotype precipitated by the manifestation of a severe form of lung injury due to numerous lung insults, implying that similar therapies may be applied to treat these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Mei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Chunzhi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Yayu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Chun Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehaote, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | | | - Yan Zhu
- Beijing Amorlife Pharma Services Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Feng Tang
- Beijing Amorlife Pharma Services Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, P.R. China
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32
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Common Subcluster Mining in Microarray Data for Molecular Biomarker Discovery. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 11:348-359. [PMID: 29022249 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers can be potential facilitators for detection of cancer at early stage which is otherwise difficult through conventional biomarkers. Gene expression data from microarray experiments on both normal and diseased cell samples provide enormous scope to explore genetic relations of disease using computational techniques. Varied patterns of expressions of thousands of genes at different cell conditions along with inherent experimental error make the task of isolating disease related genes challenging. In this paper, we present a data mining method, common subcluster mining (CSM), to discover highly perturbed genes under diseased condition from differential expression patterns. The method builds heap through superposing near centroid clusters from gene expression data of normal samples and extracts its core part. It, thus, isolates genes exhibiting the most stable state across normal samples and constitute a reference set for each centroid. It performs the same operation on datasets from corresponding diseased samples and isolates the genes showing drastic changes in their expression patterns. The method thus finds the disease-sensitive genesets when applied to datasets of lung cancer, prostrate cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, leukemia and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In majority of the cases, few new genes are found over and above some previously reported ones. Genes with distinct deviations in diseased samples are prospective candidates for molecular biomarkers of the respective disease.
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33
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O'Dwyer DN, Moore BB. The role of periostin in lung fibrosis and airway remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4305-4314. [PMID: 28918442 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is a protein that plays a key role in development and repair within the biological matrix of the lung. As a matricellular protein that does not contribute to extracellular matrix structure, periostin interacts with other extracellular matrix proteins to regulate the composition of the matrix in the lung and other organs. In this review, we discuss the studies exploring the role of periostin to date in chronic respiratory diseases, namely asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Asthma is a major health problem globally affecting millions of people worldwide with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Periostin is highly expressed in the lungs of asthmatic patients, contributes to mucus secretion, airway fibrosis and remodeling and is recognized as a biomarker of Th2 high inflammation. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive aberrant fibrosis of the lung matrix and respiratory failure. It predominantly affects adults over 50 years of age and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Periostin is also highly expressed in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. Serum levels of periostin may predict clinical progression in this disease and periostin promotes myofibroblast differentiation and type 1 collagen production to contribute to aberrant lung fibrosis. Studies to date suggest that periostin is a key player in several pathogenic mechanisms within the lung and may provide us with a useful biomarker of clinical progression in both asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Dwyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, 4053 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, 4053 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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34
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Flodby P, Li C, Liu Y, Wang H, Marconett CN, Laird-Offringa IA, Minoo P, Lee AS, Zhou B. The 78-kD Glucose-Regulated Protein Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis and Distal Epithelial Cell Survival during Lung Development. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:135-49. [PMID: 26816051 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0327oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurity, has been linked to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To investigate a causal role for ER stress in BPD pathogenesis, we generated conditional knockout (KO) mice (cGrp78(f/f)) with lung epithelial cell-specific KO of Grp78, a gene encoding the ER chaperone 78-kD glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), a master regulator of ER homeostasis and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Lung epithelial-specific Grp78 KO disrupted lung morphogenesis, causing developmental arrest, increased alveolar epithelial type II cell apoptosis, and decreased surfactant protein and type I cell marker expression in perinatal lungs. cGrp78(f/f) pups died immediately after birth, likely owing to respiratory distress. Importantly, Grp78 KO triggered UPR activation with marked induction of the proapoptotic transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP). Increased expression of genes involved in oxidative stress and cell death and decreased expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes suggest a role for oxidative stress in alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis. Increased Smad3 phosphorylation and expression of transforming growth factor-β/Smad3 targets Cdkn1a (encoding p21) and Gadd45a suggest that interactions among the apoptotic arm of the UPR, oxidative stress, and transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling pathways contribute to Grp78 KO-induced AEC apoptosis and developmental arrest. Chemical chaperone Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduced UPR activation and apoptosis in cGrp78(f/f) lungs cultured ex vivo, confirming a role for ER stress in observed AEC abnormalities. These results demonstrate a key role for GRP78 in AEC survival and gene expression during lung development through modulation of ER stress, and suggest the UPR as a potential therapeutic target in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Flodby
- Departments of 1 Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | | | - Yixin Liu
- Departments of 1 Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Departments of 1 Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- 3 Surgery, and.,4 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ite A Laird-Offringa
- 3 Surgery, and.,5 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,4 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Amy S Lee
- 5 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and.,4 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Departments of 1 Medicine, Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine.,4 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Liu Y, Rao Y, Jiang X, Zhang F, Huang L, Du W, Hao H, Zhao X, Wang D, Jiang Q, Zhu H, Sun X. Transcriptomic profiling reveals disordered regulation of surfactant homeostasis in neonatal cloned bovines with collapsed lungs and respiratory distress. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:668-674. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Yifan Rao
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Fanyi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Linhua Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
| | - Weihua Du
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Haisheng Hao
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Qiuling Jiang
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A&F University; Yangling China
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36
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Hepatocyte growth factor secreted by bone marrow stem cell reduce ER stress and improves repair in alveolar epithelial II cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41901. [PMID: 28157203 PMCID: PMC5291222 DOI: 10.1038/srep41901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, irreversible lung disease with complex pathophysiology. Evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been reported in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in IPF patients. Secreted mediators from bone marrow stem cells (BMSC-cm) have regenerative properties. In this study we investigate the beneficial effects of BMSC-cm on ER stress response in primary AEC and ER stressed A549 cells. We hypothesize that BMSC-cm reduces ER stress. Primary AEC isolated from IPF patients were treated with BMSC-cm. To induce ER stress A549 cells were incubated with Tunicamycin or Thapsigargin and treated with BMSC-cm, or control media. Primary IPF-AEC had high Grp78 and CHOP gene expression, which was lowered after BMSC-cm treatment. Similar results were observed in ER stressed A549 cells. Alveolar epithelial repair increased in presence of BMSC-cm in ER stressed A549 cells. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was detected in biologically relevant levels in BMSC-cm. Neutralization of HGF in BMSC-cm attenuated the beneficial effects of BMSC-cm including synthesis of surfactant protein C (SP-C) in primary AEC, indicating a crucial role of HGF in ER homeostasis and alveolar epithelial repair. Our data suggest that BMSC-cm may be a potential therapeutic option for treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Xiong M, Heruth DP, Zhang LQ, Ye SQ. Identification of lung-specific genes by meta-analysis of multiple tissue RNA-seq data. FEBS Open Bio 2016; 6:774-81. [PMID: 27398317 PMCID: PMC4932457 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung-specific genes play critically important roles in lung development, lung physiology, and pathogenesis of lung-associated diseases. We performed a meta-analysis of multiple tissue RNA-seq data to identify lung-specific genes in order to better investigate their lung-specific functions and pathological roles. We identified 83 lung-specific genes consisting of 62 protein-coding genes, five pseudogenes and 16 noncoding RNA genes. About 49.4% of lung-specific genes were implicated in the pathogenesis of lung diseases and 21.7% were involved with lung development. The identification of genes with enriched expression in the lung will facilitate the elucidation of lung-specific functions and their roles in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiong
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics Department of Pediatrics The Children's Mercy Hospital University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine MO USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine MO USA
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics Department of Pediatrics The Children's Mercy Hospital University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine MO USA
| | - Li Qin Zhang
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics Department of Pediatrics The Children's Mercy Hospital University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine MO USA
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics Department of Pediatrics The Children's Mercy Hospital University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine MO USA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine MO USA
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38
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Puxeddu E, Rogliani P. Prognostic scoring systems for clinical course and survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. World J Respirol 2016; 6:14-23. [DOI: 10.5320/wjr.v6.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and rapidly fatal among idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Its clinical course is variable. A significant fraction of the population of patients display a slow disease course and can remain stable for years, while other patients show a rapid progressive course and may die within few months from diagnosis. For these reasons estimating prognosis of IPF patients is extremely difficult and has important clinical repercussions on optimal patients management including patients referral for lung transplantation. Several studies have tried to address this key point in the course of the two last decades analyzing different clinical, functional, radiological and biological variables. The purpose of this review is to assess relevant studies published on this subject and to examine the variety of prognostic predictors proposed along with staging systems.
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Liptzin DR, Watson AM, Murphy E, Kroehl ME, Dishop MK, Galambos C, Evans CM, Schwarz MI, Deterding RR, Schwartz DA. MUC5B expression and location in surfactant protein C mutations in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:1270-6. [PMID: 25858779 PMCID: PMC4596737 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in Surfactant Protein C (SFTPC) can lead to fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) with variable phenotypes, especially in children. The sources of phenotype variability are incompletely understood. A common MUC5B promoter variant rs35705950 is associated with adult Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). We examined whether MUC5B is similarly linked to ILD secondary to SFTPC mutations. METHODS MUC5B concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured in six pediatric patients with SFTPC mutations and diseased controls. Immunohistochemical localization of MUC5B was studied in fixed lung tissues in patients with SFTPC mutations, ABCA3 mutations, and controls. Genotyping for the MUC5B promoter variant rs35705950 was attempted in all samples. RESULTS MUC5B glycoprotein was increased in BALF of patients with SFTPC mutations compared to diseased controls (P = 0.04). MUC5B was unexpectedly present in cells morphologically consistent with alveolar epithelial type II cells in patients with SFTPC mutations in the BRICHOS domain. Genotyping for the MUC5B promoter variant was successful in 18/27 patients, and there was no significant relationship between the MUC5B promoter variant and the BALF or MUC5B localization. CONCLUSION MUC5B may play a role in the development of fibrosis in patients with SFTPC mutations, especially in patients with BRICHOS mutations. Understanding the role of MUC5B in adult and pediatric lung diseases may lead to a better understanding of the etiology of fibrotic lung disease as well as development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Liptzin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alan M Watson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elissa Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Miranda E Kroehl
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Megan K Dishop
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Csaba Galambos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marvin I Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robin R Deterding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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40
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Hidvegi T, Stolz DB, Alcorn JF, Yousem SA, Wang J, Leme AS, Houghton AM, Hale P, Ewing M, Cai H, Garchar EA, Pastore N, Annunziata P, Kaminski N, Pilewski J, Shapiro SD, Pak SC, Silverman GA, Brunetti-Pierri N, Perlmutter DH. Enhancing Autophagy with Drugs or Lung-directed Gene Therapy Reverses the Pathological Effects of Respiratory Epithelial Cell Proteinopathy. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29742-57. [PMID: 26494620 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that autophagy mitigates the pathological effects of proteinopathies in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle but this has not been investigated for proteinopathies that affect the lung. This may be due at least in part to the lack of an animal model robust enough for spontaneous pathological effects from proteinopathies even though several rare proteinopathies, surfactant protein A and C deficiencies, cause severe pulmonary fibrosis. In this report we show that the PiZ mouse, transgenic for the common misfolded variant α1-antitrypsin Z, is a model of respiratory epithelial cell proteinopathy with spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis. Intracellular accumulation of misfolded α1-antitrypsin Z in respiratory epithelial cells of the PiZ model resulted in activation of autophagy, leukocyte infiltration, and spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis severe enough to elicit functional restrictive deficits. Treatment with autophagy enhancer drugs or lung-directed gene transfer of TFEB, a master transcriptional activator of the autophagolysosomal system, reversed these proteotoxic consequences. We conclude that this mouse is an excellent model of respiratory epithelial proteinopathy with spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis and that autophagy is an important endogenous proteostasis mechanism and an attractive target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunda Hidvegi
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | | | - John F Alcorn
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | | | | | | | | | - Pamela Hale
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Michael Ewing
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Houming Cai
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Evelyn Akpadock Garchar
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Nunzia Pastore
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, 80138
| | - Patrizia Annunziata
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, 80138
| | | | | | | | - Stephen C Pak
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Gary A Silverman
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, Cell Biology, and
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, 80138 Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy, 80131, and
| | - David H Perlmutter
- From the Departments of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, Cell Biology, and
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41
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Mulugeta S, Nureki SI, Beers MF. Lost after translation: insights from pulmonary surfactant for understanding the role of alveolar epithelial dysfunction and cellular quality control in fibrotic lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L507-25. [PMID: 26186947 PMCID: PMC4572416 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00139.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dating back nearly 35 years ago to the Witschi hypothesis, epithelial cell dysfunction and abnormal wound healing have reemerged as central concepts in the pathophysiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in adults and in interstitial lung disease in children. Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells represent a metabolically active compartment in the distal air spaces responsible for pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis and function as a progenitor population required for maintenance of alveolar integrity. Rare mutations in surfactant system components have provided new clues to understanding broader questions regarding the role of AT2 cell dysfunction in the pathophysiology of fibrotic lung diseases. Drawing on data generated from a variety of model systems expressing disease-related surfactant component mutations [surfactant proteins A and C (SP-A and SP-C); the lipid transporter ABCA3], this review will examine the concept of epithelial dysfunction in fibrotic lung disease, provide an update on AT2 cell and surfactant biology, summarize cellular responses to mutant surfactant components [including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intrinsic apoptosis], and examine quality control pathways (unfolded protein response, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, macroautophagy) that can be utilized to restore AT2 homeostasis. This integrated response and its derangement will be placed in the context of cell stress and quality control signatures found in patients with familial or sporadic IPF as well as non-surfactant-related AT2 cell dysfunction syndromes associated with a fibrotic lung phenotype. Finally, the need for targeted therapeutic strategies for pulmonary fibrosis that address epithelial ER stress, its downstream signaling, and cell quality control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surafel Mulugeta
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Shin-Ichi Nureki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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42
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Hambly N, Shimbori C, Kolb M. Molecular classification of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: personalized medicine, genetics and biomarkers. Respirology 2015; 20:1010-22. [PMID: 26109466 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrotic lung disease associated with high morbidity and poor survival. Characterized by substantial disease heterogeneity, the diagnostic considerations, clinical course and treatment response in individual patients can be variable. In the past decade, with the advent of high-throughput proteomic and genomic technologies, our understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF has greatly improved and has led to the recognition of novel treatment targets and numerous putative biomarkers. Molecular biomarkers with mechanistic plausibility are highly desired in IPF, where they have the potential to accelerate drug development, facilitate early detection in susceptible individuals, improve prognostic accuracy and inform treatment recommendations. Although the search for candidate biomarkers remains in its infancy, attractive targets such as MUC5B and MPP7 have already been validated in large cohorts and have demonstrated their potential to improve clinical predictors beyond that of routine clinical practices. The discovery and implementation of future biomarkers will face many challenges, but with strong collaborative efforts among scientists, clinicians and the industry the ultimate goal of personalized medicine may be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hambly
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chiko Shimbori
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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43
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Sáenz A, Presto J, Lara P, Akinyi-Oloo L, García-Fojeda B, Nilsson I, Johansson J, Casals C. Folding and Intramembraneous BRICHOS Binding of the Prosurfactant Protein C Transmembrane Segment. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17628-41. [PMID: 26041777 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein C (SP-C) is a novel amyloid protein found in the lung tissue of patients suffering from interstitial lung disease (ILD) due to mutations in the gene of the precursor protein pro-SP-C. SP-C is a small α-helical hydrophobic protein with an unusually high content of valine residues. SP-C is prone to convert into β-sheet aggregates, forming amyloid fibrils. Nature's way of solving this folding problem is to include a BRICHOS domain in pro-SP-C, which functions as a chaperone for SP-C during biosynthesis. Mutations in the pro-SP-C BRICHOS domain or linker region lead to amyloid formation of the SP-C protein and ILD. In this study, we used an in vitro transcription/translation system to study translocon-mediated folding of the WT pro-SP-C poly-Val and a designed poly-Leu transmembrane (TM) segment in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Furthermore, to understand how the pro-SP-C BRICHOS domain present in the ER lumen can interact with the TM segment of pro-SP-C, we studied the membrane insertion properties of the recombinant form of the pro-SP-C BRICHOS domain and two ILD-associated mutants. The results show that the co-translational folding of the WT pro-SP-C TM segment is inefficient, that the BRICHOS domain inserts into superficial parts of fluid membranes, and that BRICHOS membrane insertion is promoted by poly-Val peptides present in the membrane. In contrast, one BRICHOS and one non-BRICHOS ILD-associated mutant could not insert into membranes. These findings support a chaperone function of the BRICHOS domain, possibly together with the linker region, during pro-SP-C biosynthesis in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Sáenz
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny Presto
- the Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS (Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society) Department, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden, and
| | - Patricia Lara
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Akinyi-Oloo
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Belén García-Fojeda
- the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - IngMarie Nilsson
- the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- the Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS (Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society) Department, Karolinska Institutet, S-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden, and
| | - Cristina Casals
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain, the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,
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Cellular mechanisms of alveolar pathology in childhood interstitial lung diseases: current insights from mouse genetics. Curr Opin Pediatr 2015; 27:341-7. [PMID: 25888154 PMCID: PMC4466102 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse class of disorders affecting the alveolar gas exchange region that lack specific treatments and are usually fatal. Here, we integrate recent insights into alveolar cell biology with histopathology from well characterized mutations of surfactant-associated genes. We take a reductionist approach by parsing discrete histological features and correlating each to perturbation of a particular function of the alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cell, the central driver of disease, to generate a working model for the cellular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS The application of genetically modified mice and single cell genomics has yielded new insights into lung biology, including the identification of a bipotent alveolar progenitor in development, mapping of adult AT2 stem cells in vivo, and demonstration that latent cooperative interactions with fibroblasts can be pathologically activated by targeted injury of the AT2 cell. SUMMARY As we learn more about individual and cooperative roles for alveolar cells in health, we can dissect how perturbations of specific cellular functions contribute to disease in childhood ILDs. We hope our updated model centered around the AT2 cell as the initiator of disease provides a cellular framework that researchers can build upon and revise as they identify the specific molecular signals within and between alveolar cells that mediate the diverse pathologic features, so that targeted pharmacologic and cell-based treatments for patients can ultimately be engineered.
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45
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Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Loyd JE. The genetic basis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1717-27. [PMID: 25837031 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00163814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the past decade, there have been substantial advances in understanding the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Recently, several large genome-wide association and linkage studies have identified common genetic variants in more than a dozen loci that appear to contribute to IPF risk. In addition, family-based studies have led to the identification of rare genetic variants in genes related to surfactant function and telomere biology, and mechanistic studies suggest pathophysiological derangements associated with these rare genetic variants are also found in sporadic cases of IPF. Current evidence suggests that rather than existing as distinct syndromes, sporadic and familial cases of IPF (familial interstitial pneumonia) probably reflect a continuum of genetic risk. Rapidly evolving bioinformatic and molecular biology techniques, combined with next-generation sequencing technologies, hold great promise for developing a comprehensive, integrated approach to defining the fundamental molecular mechanisms that underlie IPF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA Dept of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA Dept of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James E Loyd
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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46
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Clinical and ultrastructural spectrum of diffuse lung disease associated with surfactant protein C mutations. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1033-41. [PMID: 25782673 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic defects of surfactant metabolism are associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations, from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome to adult interstitial lung disease. Early therapies may improve symptoms but diagnosis is often delayed owing to phenotype and genotype variability. Our objective was to characterize the cellular/ultrastructural correlates of surfactant protein C (SP-C) mutations in children with idiopathic diffuse lung diseases. We sequenced SFTPC - the gene encoding SP-C - SFTPB and ABCA3, and analyzed morphology, ultrastructure and SP expression in lung tissue when available. We identified eight subjects who were heterozygous for SP-C mutations. Median age at onset and clinical course were variable. None of the mutations were located in the mature peptide-encoding region, but were either in the pro-protein BRICHOS or linker C-terminal domains. Although lung morphology was similar to other genetic surfactant metabolism disorders, electron microscopy studies showed specific anomalies, suggesting surfactant homeostasis disruption, plus trafficking defects in the four subjects with linker domain mutation and protein misfolding in the single BRICHOS mutation carrier in whom material was available. Immunolabeling studies showed increased proSP-C staining in all cases. In two cases, amyloid deposits could be identified. Immunochemistry and ultrastructural studies may be useful for diagnostic purposes and for genotype interpretation.
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47
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Hahn DR, Na CL, Weaver TE. Reserve autophagic capacity in alveolar epithelia provides a replicative niche for influenza A virus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:400-12. [PMID: 24661119 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0437oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy contributes to cellular homeostasis through metabolite recycling and degradation of cytotoxic protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Although recent studies have established that the requirement for basal autophagy is largely tissue specific, the importance of autophagy for alveolar epithelial cell homeostasis remains an important knowledge gap. In the present study we generated two mouse models, with > 90% or > 50% recombination at the Atg5 locus in the distal respiratory epithelium, to assess the effect of dose-dependent decreases in autophagy on alveolar homeostasis. A 90% decrease in autophagy was well tolerated in young adult mice but resulted in alveolar septal thickening and altered lung mechanics in aged animals, consistent with accumulation of damage over time. By comparison, a 50% decrease in autophagy had no effect on alveolar structure or function throughout the murine life span, indicating that basal autophagy in this compartment exceeds that required for homeostasis. A 50% decrease in autophagy in the bronchoalveolar epithelium significantly attenuated influenza A/H3N2 viral replication, leading to improved lung structure and function and reduced morbidity and mortality after infection. The reserve of autophagic capacity in the alveolar epithelium may provide a niche for replication of influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hahn
- Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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48
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Ley B, Brown KK, Collard HR. Molecular biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L681-91. [PMID: 25260757 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00014.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers are highly desired in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), where they hold the potential to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms, accelerated drug development, and advance clinical management. Currently, there are no molecular biomarkers in widespread clinical use for IPF, and the search for potential markers remains in its infancy. Proposed core mechanisms in the pathogenesis of IPF for which candidate markers have been offered include alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and fibrogenesis. Useful markers reflect important pathological pathways, are practically and accurately measured, have undergone extensive validation, and are an improvement upon the current approach for their intended use. The successful development of useful molecular biomarkers is a central challenge for the future of translational research in IPF and will require collaborative efforts among those parties invested in advancing the care of patients with IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Ley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Kevin K Brown
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | - Harold R Collard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
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Walther FJ, Waring AJ, Hernández-Juviel JM, Ruchala P, Wang Z, Notter RH, Gordon LM. Surfactant protein C peptides with salt-bridges ("ion-locks") promote high surfactant activities by mimicking the α-helix and membrane topography of the native protein. PeerJ 2014; 2:e485. [PMID: 25083348 PMCID: PMC4106191 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Surfactant protein C (SP-C; 35 residues) in lungs has a cationic N-terminal domain with two cysteines covalently linked to palmitoyls and a C-terminal region enriched in Val, Leu and Ile. Native SP-C shows high surface activity, due to SP-C inserting in the bilayer with its cationic N-terminus binding to the polar headgroup and its hydrophobic C-terminus embedded as a tilted, transmembrane α-helix. The palmitoylcysteines in SP-C act as ‘helical adjuvants’ to maintain activity by overriding the β-sheet propensities of the native sequences. Objective. We studied SP-C peptides lacking palmitoyls, but containing glutamate and lysine at 4-residue intervals, to assess whether SP-C peptides with salt-bridges (“ion-locks”) promote surface activity by mimicking the α-helix and membrane topography of native SP-C. Methods. SP-C mimics were synthesized that reproduce native sequences, but without palmitoyls (i.e., SP-Css or SP-Cff, with serines or phenylalanines replacing the two cysteines). Ion-lock SP-C molecules were prepared by incorporating single or double Glu−–Lys+ into the parent SP-C’s. The secondary structures of SP-C mimics were studied with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and PASTA, an algorithm that predicts β-sheet propensities based on the energies of the various β-sheet pairings. The membrane topography of SP-C mimics was investigated with orientated and hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange FTIR, and also Membrane Protein Explorer (MPEx) hydropathy analysis. In vitro surface activity was determined using adsorption surface pressure isotherms and captive bubble surfactometry, and in vivo surface activity from lung function measures in a rabbit model of surfactant deficiency. Results. PASTA calculations predicted that the SP-Css and SP-Cff peptides should each form parallel β-sheet aggregates, with FTIR spectroscopy confirming high parallel β-sheet with ‘amyloid-like’ properties. The enhanced β-sheet properties for SP-Css and SP-Cff are likely responsible for their low surfactant activities in the in vitro and in vivo assays. Although standard 12C-FTIR study showed that the α-helicity of these SP-C sequences in lipids was uniformly increased with Glu−–Lys+ insertions, elevated surfactant activity was only selectively observed. Additional results from oriented and H/D exchange FTIR experiments indicated that the high surfactant activities depend on the SP-C ion-locks recapitulating both the α-helicity and the membrane topography of native SP-C. SP-Css ion-lock 1, an SP-Css with a salt-bridge for a Glu−–Lys+ ion-pair predicted from MPEx hydropathy calculations, demonstrated enhanced surfactant activity and a transmembrane helix simulating those of native SP-C. Conclusion. Highly active SP-C mimics were developed that replace the palmitoyls of SP-C with intrapeptide salt-bridges and represent a new class of synthetic surfactants with therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J Walther
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, CA , United States of America ; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , United States of America
| | - Alan J Waring
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, CA , United States of America ; Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , United States of America ; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , United States of America ; Department of Physiology & Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, CA , United States of America
| | - José M Hernández-Juviel
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, CA , United States of America
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , United States of America
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , United States of America
| | - Robert H Notter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , United States of America
| | - Larry M Gordon
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, CA , United States of America
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Mohamed BA, Barakat AZ, Held T, Elkenani M, Mühlfeld C, Männer J, Adham IM. Respiratory Distress and Early Neonatal Lethality inHspa4l/Hspa4Double-Mutant Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:817-24. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0132oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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